New Taiwan dollar
| 新臺幣 (Chinese) | |
|---|---|
| File:NT$500 obverse.jpg NT$500 banknote obverse | |
| ISO 4217 | |
| Code | TWD (numeric: 901) |
| Subunit | 0.01 |
| Unit | |
| Plural | dollars (English only) The language(s) of this currency do(es) not have a morphological plural distinction. |
| Symbol | NT$, 圓, $ |
| Nickname | kuài (塊), yuán (元) |
| Denominations | |
| Subunit | |
| 1⁄10 | jiǎo (角) |
| 1⁄100 | fēn (分) Subunits used only in stocks and currencies, and rarely referred to in such cases. |
| Plural | |
| fēn (分) | cents (English only) |
| Nickname | |
| jiǎo (角) | máo (毛) |
| Banknotes | |
| Freq. used | NT$100, NT$500, NT$1000 |
| Rarely used | NT$200, NT$2000 |
| Coins | |
| Freq. used | NT$1, NT$5, NT$10, NT$50 |
| Rarely used | NT$1⁄2, NT$20 |
| Demographics | |
| Date of introduction | 15 Jun, 1949 |
| Replaced | Old Taiwan dollar |
| User(s) |  Republic of China |
| Issuance | |
| Central bank | Central Bank of the Republic of China |
| Website | www |
| Printer | Central Engraving and Printing Plant |
| Website | www |
| Mint | Central Mint |
| Website | www |
| Valuation | |
| Inflation | 1.06% |
| Source | [1] 2007–2017 |
| Method | CPI 10-year average |
| New Taiwan dollar | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 新臺幣 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 新台币 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 新臺票 | ||||||||||||||||||
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New Taiwan dollar (Chinese: 新臺幣; pinyin: xīn tái bì; code: TWD; symbol: NT$, also abbreviated as NTD or NT) is the official currency of the Republic of China (ROC) used in the Taiwan Area. It is subdivided into ten jiao (角; jiǎo), each of ten fen (分; fēn) or cents, although cents are rarely used in practice. The New Taiwan dollars has been the currency of Taiwan since 1949, when it replaced the Old Taiwan dollar, at a rate of 40,000 old dollars per NT$.[1] In Mandarin, the unit of the dollar is referred to as yuan (元; yuán).
Since the year 2000, the Central Bank of the Republic of China is the central bank of Taiwan, which currently issues the New Taiwan dollar. While the Bank of Taiwan issued banknotes prior to 2000, it was also the de facto central bank between 1949 and 1961.
Terminology
| Chinese (pinyin) | English | Symbol | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Formal currency name | 新臺幣 (xin tai bi) | New Taiwan Dollar | NT$ |
| Formal unit name | 圓 (yuan) | ||
| Other currency names | 臺幣 (tai bi) | NT, Taiwan dollar etc | $, NTD, NT |
| Other unit names | 元 (yuan), 塊 (kuai), 箍 (kho) |
In Chinese, the "New" (xin, 新; xīn) is only added in formal contexts where it is necessary to avoid any ambiguity, even though ambiguity is virtually non-existent today. These contexts include banking, contracts, or foreign exchange. The unit name in Chinese is yuan. In Taiwan, the character for yuan can be written in either of two forms: 圓 or 元, which are interchangeable. Colloquial alternatives for the currency unit include the Mandarin kuai (塊; kuài), meaning "piece", and the Taiwanese Hokkien kho (箍; kho͘), literally "circle".
In English usage the New Taiwan dollar is often abbreviated as NT, NT$, NT Dollar or NTD, while the abbreviation TWD is typically used in the context of foreign exchange rates. Subdivisions of a New Taiwan dollar are rarely used, since practically all products on the consumer market are sold in whole dollars. Nevertheless, banks do record cents (hundredth dollars).
History
The New Taiwan dollar was first issued by the Bank of Taiwan on June 15, 1949, to replace the Old Taiwan dollar at a ratio of 40,000 to one. The first goal of the New Taiwan dollar was to end the hyperinflation that had plagued Nationalist China due to the Chinese Civil War.
After the communists captured Beijing in January 1949, the Nationalists began to retreat to Taiwan. China's gold reserve was moved to Taiwan in February.[citation needed] The government then declared in the Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist Rebellion that dollars issued by the Bank of Taiwan would become the new currency in circulation.[2]
Even though the New Taiwan dollar was the de facto currency of Taiwan, for years the silver yuan remained the legal currency. The value of the silver yuan was decoupled from the value of silver during World War II. Many older statutes have fines and fees given in this currency.
According to statute, one silver yuan is worth three New Taiwan dollars.[3] Despite decades of inflation, this ratio has not been adjusted. This made the silver yuan a purely notational currency long ago, nearly impossible to buy, sell, or use.
When the Temporary Provisions were made ineffective in 1991, the ROC lacked a legal national currency until the year 2000, when the Central Bank of China (CBC) replaced the Bank of Taiwan in issuing NT bills.[2] In July 2000, the New Taiwan dollar became Taiwan's legal currency. It is no longer secondary to the silver yuan. At this time, the central bank began issuing New Taiwan dollar banknotes, and the notes issued earlier by the Bank of Taiwan were taken out of circulation.
The exchange rate compared to the United States dollar has varied from less than ten to one in the mid-1950s, more than forty to one in the 1960s, and about twenty-five to one in 1992. The exchange rate as of August 2018 is NT$30.7 per US$.[4]
Coins
The denominations of the New Taiwan dollar in circulation are:
| Currently Circulating Coins | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Technical parameters | Description | Date of | ||||
| Diameter | Weight | Composition | Obverse | Reverse | first minting | issue | ||
| [2] | NT$1⁄2 | 18 mm | 3 g | 97% copper 2.5% zinc 0.5% tin |
Mei Blossom, "中華民國XX年"[5] | Value | 1981 (Minguo year 70) |
1981-12-08[6] |
| File:TWD1.JPG | NT$1 | 20 mm | 3.8 g | 92% copper 6% nickel 2% aluminium |
Chiang Kai-shek, "中華民國XX年" | 1981-12-08[6] | ||
| File:TWD5.JPG | NT$5 | 22 mm | 4.4 g | Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel |
Chiang Kai-shek, "中華民國XX年" | Value | 1981 (Minguo year 70) |
1981-12-08[6] |
| File:TWD10.JPG | NT$10 | 26 mm | 7.5 g | |||||
| [3] | NT$10 | 26 mm | 7.5 g | Sun Yat-sen, "中華民國XX年" | Value, continuous hidden words "國泰", "民安", continuous hidden Taiwan island and Mei Blossom in "0" | 2011 (Minguo year 100) |
2011-01-11[6] | |
| [4] | NT$20 | 26.85 mm | 8.5 g | Ring: Aluminium bronze (as $50) Center: Cupronickel (as $10) |
Mona Rudao, "莫那魯道"[7], "中華民國XX年" | Traditional canoes used by the Tao people | 2001 (Minguo year 90) |
2001-07-09[8] |
| File:TWD50.jpg | NT$50 | 28 mm | 10 g | Aluminium bronze 92% copper 6% aluminium 2% nickel |
Sun Yat-sen, "中華民國XX年" | Latent images of both Chinese and Arabic numerals for 50 | 2007 (Minguo year 96) |
2007-04-26[9] |
Coins are minted by the Central Mint, while notes are printed by the Central Engraving and Printing Plant. Both are run by the Central Bank. The NT$1⁄2 coin is rare because of its low value, while the NT$20 coin is rare because of the government's lack of willingness to promote it. As of 2010, the cost of the raw materials in a NT$1⁄2 coin was more than the face value of the coin.
Banknotes
The current series of banknotes for the New Taiwan Dollar began circulation in July 2000. This set was introduced when the New Taiwan Dollar succeeded the silver yuan as the official currency within Taiwan.
The current set includes banknotes for NT$100, NT$200, NT$500, NT$1000, and NT$2000. Note that the NT$200 and NT$2000 banknotes are not commonly used by consumers. This may be due to the tendencies of consumers to simply use multiple NT$100 or NT$500 bills to cover the range of the NT$200, as well as using NT$1000 bills or credit/debit cards instead of the NT$2000 bill. Lack of government promotion may also be a contributing factor to the general lack of usage.
It is relatively easy for the government to disseminate these denominations through various government bodies that do official business with the citizens, such as the post office, the tax authority, or state owned banks. There is also a conspiracy theory against the Democratic Progressive Party, the ruling party at the time the two denominations were issued. The conspiracy states that putting Chiang Kai-shek on a rarely used banknote would "practically" remove him from the currency, while "nominally" including him on the currency would not upset supporters on the other side of the political spectrum that much (the Pan-Blue Coalition).
| 1999 Series | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Dimensions | Main Color | Description | Date of | Remark | ||||
| Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | printing | issue | withdrawal | |||||
| File:NT$100 obverse.jpgFile:NT$100 reverse.jpg | NT$100 | 145 × 70 mm | Red | Sun Yat-sen, "The Chapter of Great Harmony" by Confucius | Chung-Shan Building | Mei flower and numeral 100 | 2000 (Minguo 89) |
2001-07-02 | ||
| [5] | NT$200 | 150 × 70 mm | Green | Chiang Kai-shek, theme of land reform and public education | The Office of the President | Orchid and numeral 200 | 2001 (Minguo year 90) |
2002-01-02 | ||
| NT$500 | 155 × 70 mm | Brown | Youth baseball | Formosan sika deer and Dabajian Mountain | Bamboo and numeral 500 | 2000 (Minguo year 89) |
2000-12-15 | 2007-08-01 | without holographic strip | |
| File:NT$500 obverse.jpgFile:NT$500 reverse.jpg | Dark brown | 2004 (Minguo 93) |
2005-07-20 | with holographic strip | ||||||
| NT$1000 | 160 × 70 mm | Blue | Elementary Education (1999 errors[10][11]) |
Mikado pheasant and Yushan (Jade Mountain) | Chrysanthemum and numeral 1000 | 1999 (Minguo year 88) |
2000-07-03 | 2007-08-01 | without holographic strip | |
| File:NT$1000 obverse.jpgFile:NT$1000 reverse.jpg | 2004 (Minguo year 93) |
2005-07-20 | with holographic strip | |||||||
| [6] | NT$2000 | 165 × 70 mm | Purple | FORMOSAT-1, technology | Formosan landlocked salmon and Mount Nanhu | Pine and numeral 2000 | 2001 (Minguo year 90) |
2002-07-01 | ||
The year 2000 version $500 and 1999 version $1000 notes without holographic strip were officially taken out of circulation on August 1, 2007. They were redeemable at commercial banks until September 30, 2007. As of October 1, 2007, only the Bank of Taiwan (now the Central Bank of the Republic of China) accepts such notes.[12]
100-dollar commemorative note
On January 6, 2011, the Central Bank of the Republic of China issued a new 100-dollar legal tender circulating commemorative in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of China. The red paper note measures 145 × 70 mm and features a portrait of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen on the front, and the Chung-Shan Building on the back. The design is no different from the ordinary NT$100 note, except for the Chinese wording on the reverse of the note, which reads "Celebrating 100 years since the founding of the Republic of China (慶祝中華民國建國一百年)".[13]
See also
- Old Taiwan dollar
- Economy of Taiwan
- Taxation in Taiwan
- History of the Republic of China
- ROC consumer voucher
References
- ^ Chuang, Chi-ting (February 17, 2001). "Legislator pans new bank notes". Taipei Times. p. 4.
- ^ a b Chuang, Chi-ting (February 17, 2001). "Legislator pans new bank notes". Taipei Times.
- ^ s:Regulation of exchange rate between new Taiwan dollars and the fiat currency in the ROC laws
- ^ Google Finance. "US Dollar / New Taiwan Dollar". Google. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ "zhonghua minguo XX", "中華民國" is the also the state title "Republic of China", an era name of the Minguo calendar.
- ^ a b c d "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2015-01-30.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) 中央銀行發行之貨幣及偵偽鈔辨識 - ^ Mona Rudao, anti-Japanese leader of the Wushe Incident.
- ^ 20元新硬幣亮相！ (in Chinese). 大紀元. 2001-07-05. Retrieved 2006-11-26.
- ^ 郭文平 (2007-04-25). 新版50元硬幣 明發行 (in Chinese). 自由時報. Retrieved 2007-11-26.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Commons:Category:Taiwan $1000 banknote 1999 edition
- ^ Taiwan's 1999 $1000 bill globe reversed
- ^ 劉姿麟、蔣紀威 (2007-07-31). 8/1新制∕健保費漲價 金融機構舊鈔換新鈔延至9月底 (in Chinese). ETToday. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
- ^ The Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) (2011-01-06). "Issue a commemorative NT$100 banknote for circulation and uncut commemorative NT$100 currency sheets in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of China on January 6, 2011".
- New NT$500 and NT$1000 banknotes introduced, anti-counterfeit measures taken [7] Taiwan News (online), 20 July 2005
External links
- Template:Zh icon Template:En icon SinoBanknote
- Virginia Sheng, "Notes from a Small Island"[permanent dead link], Taipei Review, 1 September 2000
- Banknotes of Matsu, Quemoy and Tachen
- Close up image of a circulated 50 NT coin
- The Central Bank page showcasing all obsolete issues of the new Taiwan dollar in all denominations
| Current TWD exchange rates | |
|---|---|
| From Google Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY TRY |
| From Yahoo! Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY TRY |
| From XE.com: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY TRY |
| From OANDA: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY TRY |
| Preceded by: Old Taiwan dollar Reason: inflation Ratio: 1 new dollar = 40,000 old dollars |
Currency of Taiwan 1949 – Note: After the communists took over most of Mainland China, the government of the Republic of China controlled only Taiwan and some offshore islands. |
Succeeded by: Current |
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