Teatro Real
| Teatro Real de Madrid | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location | Madrid, Spain |
| Area | Plaza Isabel II, s/n |
| Built | 1818-1850 |
| Rebuilt | 1991-1997 Jaime González Varcárcel Miguel Verdú Belmonte Francisco R. Partearroyo |
| Architect | Antonio López Aguado Custodio Moreno |
| Official name | Teatro Real de Madrid |
| Type | Non-movable |
| Criteria | Monument |
| Designated | 1993 [1] |
| Reference no. | RI-51-0008289 |
  Location of Teatro Real de Madrid in Spain | |
Teatro Real (Royal Theatre) or simply El Real, as it is known colloquially, is a major opera house located in Madrid, Spain.[2][3] Founded in 1818 and inaugurated on 19 November 1850, it closed in 1925 and reopened in 1997 with a capacity of 1,746 seats. Today, the Teatro Real opera is one of the great theaters of Europe and its seasons are home productions involving leading figures of the international singing, musical direction, stage direction and dance. The theater also offers guided tours in several languages, including the auditorium, stage, workshops and rehearsal rooms.
History
Founded by King Ferdinand VII in 1818, and after thirty-two years of planning and construction, a Royal Order on 7 May 1850 decreed the immediate completion of the "Teatro de Oriente" and the building works were finished within five months. The Opera House, located just in front of the Palacio Real, the official residence of the Queen who ordered the construction of the theatre, Isabel II, was finally inaugurated on 19 November 1850, with Donizetti's La Favorite.[3] In 1863, Giuseppe Verdi visited the theatre for the Spanish premiere of his La Forza del Destino. In 1925, the Ballets Russes of Diaghilev performed in the theatre with the presence of Nijinsky and Stravinsky).[3][4][5]
From 1867 it housed the Madrid Royal Conservatory until 1925 when a Royal Order of 6 December called for eviction owing to the damage that the construction of the Metro de Madrid had caused to the building. Despite its closure, the government always contemplated the possibility of restoring it, ordering numerous projects, such as the architect Urdanpilleta Flórez, who raised a pharaonic remodeling of the building. However, financial difficulties prevented the completion of these projects and led to a simple restoration, sponsored by the Juan March Institute, and carried out first by the architect Manuel Gonzalez Valcárcel, and later by architects Miguel Verdú Belmonte and Francisco Rodriguez Partearroyo.[6][7]
The theatre reopened in 1966 as a concert hall as well as the main concert venue for the Spanish National Orchestra and the RTVE Symphony Orchestra. The reopening was celebrated with a concert of the Spanish National Orchestra conducted by Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, and the Orfeón Donostiarra. In 1969, the 14th Eurovision Song Contest was held at the theatre, featuring an onstage metal sculpture created by surrealist Spanish artist Salvador Dalí.[3][5]
Remodeling
In the 1990s, the house was remodeled to host opera again. The building was completed in late 1995, then the process of technical, administrative, artistic and functional organization began which led to the opening of the theatre in 1997. The remodeling was based on the old classical style of opera house with only basic modernization leaving many seats without a view of the stage. A considerable percentage of seats have a limited or zero view of the stage and a live stream of operas and ballets is projected on the upper side walls of the house so that the entire audience can follow the performance regardless of their view of the stage.
The first opera program performed for the reopening was Manuel de Falla’s El sombrero de tres picos and La vida breve, which was immediately followed by the world premiere of Spanish composer Antón García Abril's Divinas Palabras (actually commissioned to open the house) with Plácido Domingo in the cast.[5] The company staged the first modern revival of Vicente Martín y Soler's Il burbero di buon cuore in 2007, and the world premiere of Philip Glass' opera The perfect American in 2013.
Productions
The most popular operas at the Teatro Real have been those from the popular repertoire. They have included Verdi's Rigoletto (given 371 performances), followed by Aida with 361 and Il trovatore with 342. On the other hand, two works by Meyerbeer, L'Africaine (with 268) and Les Huguenots (with 243) have been shown to draw audiences. Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia was given some 218 performances since its debut in the house in 1919.
Company
The theatre stages around seventeen opera titles (both own productions and co-productions with other major European opera houses) per year, as well as two or three major ballets and several recitals.[3] The orchestra of the Teatro Real is the Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid. The current artistic manager is Joan Matabosch, former director of Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona.
The Opera House offers daily different types of guided tours, lasting between 50 and 90 minutes and given in various languages. This gives the public the opportunity to learn about the building, including the stage area, the workshops and the rehearsal spaces.[8]
Artistic Directors (from 1995)
- Stéphane Lissner (1995-1997)
- Luis Antonio García Navarro (1997-2001, Artistic and music Director)
- Emilio Sagi (2001-2005)
- Antonio Moral (2005-2010)
- Gerard Mortier (2010-2013) (Artistic Advisor from 2014)
- Joan Matabosch (2014- )
Music Directors (from 1997)
- Luis Antonio García Navarro (1997-2001, Artistic and music Director)
- Jesús López Cobos (2003-2010)
- Ivor Bolton (2015- )[9][10]
See also
- Madrid Symphony Orchestra
- Spanish National Orchestra
- RTVE Symphony Orchestra
- Community of Madrid Orchestra
References
- ^ Template:Bien de Interés Cultural
- ^ "Teatro Real (Timeout Madrid)". Retrieved 2009-01-31.
- ^ a b c d e "Teatro Real, Madrid's premier opera house". gomadrid.com. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
- ^ "Ficha Teatro Real de Madrid" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2009-01-31.
- ^ a b c "Cultural Institutions: Teatro Real". esMADRID.com. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
- ^ Herrero, Maira; Partearroyo, Francisco Rodríguez de; Mora, Domi (1998). El Teatro Real. ISBN 9788477825203.
- ^ El Teatro Real de Madrid: teatro de la ópera. 1996. ISBN 9788489365728.
- ^ Guided tours information on the company's website (in Spanish) Retrieved 1 August 2013
- ^ "Ivor Bolton, nombrado nuevo director musical del Teatro Real". Retrieved 2014-02-10.
- ^ The Board of Directors of the Teatro Real appoints Ivor Bolton as Music Director
External links
40°25′06″N 3°42′37″W / 40.41833°N 3.71028°W
