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Tezpur

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Tezpur
তেজপুৰ
Urban Agglomeration(Class I)
Sunset at Ganesh Ghat near the Brahmaputra, Tezpur
Sunset at Ganesh Ghat near the Brahmaputra, Tezpur
Nickname: 
City of Eternal Romance
Country India
StateAssam
DistrictSonitpur
Government
 • BodyTezpur Municipality Board
Area
 • Total40 km2 (20 sq mi)
 • Rank5th
Elevation
48 m (157 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total102,505
 • Density2,600/km2 (6,600/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialAssamese
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationAs -12
Websitesonitpur.nic.in

Tezpur (pron: tezˈpʊə) (Template:Lang-as) is a city and Urban Agglomeration and the administrative headquarters and municipal board of Sonitpur district in the state of Assam in northeastern India. Tezpur is a fastest growing City on the banks of the river Brahmaputra and is the largest of the north bank towns with a population exceeding 100,000. It is 175 kilometres (109 mi) northeast of Guwahati, considered to be the "Cultural Capital of Assam". Tezpur is also known as the Most Clean City of Assam because of its clean and green view. Tezpur attracts every visitor who comes here with its beautiful parks,hillocks,Sceneries and Well Established Hotels. Tezpur has many star holes to serve the tourist and it has record to host many bollywood actors to host and many other celebraties.

Geography

The town is on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River.

The rivers in and around Tezpur are fast flowing, especially from the Himalayas foothills.[citation needed][clarification needed] Tezpur has a number of small hillocks, so that flooding doesn't occur during the monsoons.[citation needed][clarification needed]

Climate

The average temperature in summer is around 25 °C (77 °F) while the average winter temperature is around 13 °C (55 °F).[2]

Government

Tezpur is part of Tezpur (Lok Sabha constituency).[3]

Etymology

The name Tezpur is derived from the Sanskrit words 'teza' (meaning blood) and 'pura' (meaning town or city). Legend has it that the original name of this place was 'Sonitpur' ("sonit" in Sanskrit also means blood). When the battle between Krishna's army and Lord Shiva, his disciple Banasura's army fought for the rescue of Aniruddha (who was the grandson of Lord Krishna, according to legend) there was so much bloodshed that the place was stained red. This led to the name of the place becoming Tezpur. The Shiva temples in and around Tezpur shows the love and devotions of King Baanasur for Lord Shiva.

Banasura was the eldest of the hundred sons of Bali, who in turn was the son of Virochana and grandson of Prahlada (son of Hiranyakashipu and devotee of Narasimha). Banas mother was Vindhyavali. Bana, the king of demons (asuras), ruled over Sonita-pura. The word 'bana' also means an arrow.

He went to the Himalayan regions and performed a penance invoking Shiva's favour. When Shiva appeared in answer to his austerities, Bana begged the god to bestow a thousand arms carrying a multitude of weapons to destroy his enemies and opponents. He also desired that Parvati should consider him as her son. Bana was a great devotee of Shiva and there are several famous self manifest bana-lingas being worshipped in India. Banasura was a powerful and terrible asura. All people, the king of earth, and Devas of heaven were afraid of him. Bana was a follower of Siva. Banasura ruled in present-day central Assam with his capital at Sonitpur (present-day Tezpur). Banasura's wife's was Kandala. Banasura had a beautiful daughter named Usha. Usha one day saw a young man in her dream and fell in love with him. He was Aniruddha, the grandson of Lord Krishna. There was a war between Banasura and Krishna in which Banasura was defeated. Krishna married Usha with Aniruddha and brought them to dwaraka. Banasura moved to Himalayas and devoted his life in worship of Shiva

History

Historical ruins from the 8th and 9th centuries dot the surrounding areas. The ruins of Bamuni Hills are the most famous. They resemble Gupta period art. Accordingly, there are plenty of myths as well. The ruins of Da Parbatia are an example of the architecture around the 4th century AD.

A bas-relief displaying a historical incident at Kankalata Udyan, Tezpur

Modern Tezpur was founded by the British colonial administration in 1835 as the headquarters of Darrang district. During World War II, Tezpur received large numbers of refugees fleeing from Burma, particularly the corps of Anglo-Burmese and Anglo-Indian nurses. After independence of India in 1947, it remained the headquarters of Darrang district. During the Sino-Indian War of 1962 the Chinese army advanced to the Tawang city, Arunachal Pradesh. The town was evacuated. The jails were opened and the prisoners released.[citation needed]

In 1983 a part of the district was carved out to form a separate district, Darrang. Tezpur was made the headquarters of the new district of Sonitpur.[citation needed]

Rock inscriptions: In 1897, Sir Edward Albert Gait discovered a copper inscription in Tezpur the deciphering of which provided information regarding the Ahom rulers.[citation needed] He referenced the nine line inscription of Harjjar Varma in 'A History of Assam'. The inscription, dating to 829 A.D., is the first historical record of Assam. The inscription was found engraved on a massive stone some 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Tezpur town near Rudrapad Temple.[citation needed]

Hazara Pukhuri: A king of the dynasty Harjjar Varma excavated a large pond in 70 acres (280,000 m2) of land, later came to be known as Hajara Pukhuri (Harjjara Pukhuri).[citation needed]

Christian cemetery: The cemetery dates to the 17th century. It contains the grave of Alexander Bruce, founder of the tea industry in India, and of Europeans who died here before independence.[citation needed]

The first electric power station in this part of India was established at Tezpur by the British in 1913.[citation needed]

Jonaki: The first cinema hall of Northeast India was established by Jyoti Prasad Agarwala in 1935.[citation needed]

Chitraban: The first film studio of Northeast India was established by Jyoti Prasad Agarwala in 1934.[citation needed]

The twin lakes Bor Pukhuri and the Padum Pukhuri in the heart of the city memorialize King Bana and his daughter Usha.[citation needed]

Cultural heritage

Bishnu Rabha Smriti Udyan
Bishnu Rabha's Cremation spot at Tezpur

Tezpur is considered to be the cultural capital of Assamese culture. Being from the core Assamese cultural region, several notables including Dr. Bhupen Hazarika, Jyoti Prasad Agarwala (1903–51), Kalaguru Bishnu Prasad Rabha (1909–69), and Phani Sarma (1909–70), were from Tezpur. Baan Stage was the theatre that was the grooming ground for the famous trio. Also the Nikamal Satra at Mazgaon, a center of Vaishnavaite culture is worth visiting.

Passing through Tezpur, at Dadhara the Jyoti-Bishnu khelpathar is an important attraction. The fields are used for cultural events.

Local dances

Economy

The economy of Tezpur is dependent on its tea gardens. There are many tea gardens surrounding the town. The gardens and agriculture contribute to the local economy. The Zone III of the Assam Branch Indian Tea Association(ABITA) is located at Tezpur.

Presently Tezpur is a commercial, administrative and educational centre. It also houses a major base of the Indian Army and Airforce (Salonibari).

Demographics

The population is largely heterogeneous. Assamese, Bengali, Nepali, Bihari, Marwari communities form the majority.

People from tribes such as the tea-tribes (brought in by the colonial planters as indentured labourers from the Chhotanagpur plateau region), Bodos, Mishings etc. have also made it their home.

Education and research

Tezpur University
  • Tezpur University is a central university offering courses in sciences, management sciences, engineering, humanities and social sciences.[4]
  • Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health[5]
  • North Eastern Regional Institute of Water and Land Management
  • Defence Research Laboratory[citation needed]
  • Indian Statistical Institute, North East Centre[citation needed]
  • Department of Electronic Accreditation Computer Course[citation needed]
  • Jyoti Kola Kendra (Music/Dance/Art)[citation needed]
  • Tezpur Medical College

Media and communications

Assamese newspaper Dainik Agradoot is published from Tezpur along with Guwahati and Jorhat.

All India Radio has a local station in Tezpur which transmits programs of mass interest.[citation needed]

Tourist attractions

Local areas/sites of interest

Stone statue of Lord Hanuman in Hanuman Mandir, Tezpur
Agnigarh Hill, Tezpur

Infrastructure

Tezpur is connected to the rest of the country by road, rail and air.

Transport

The Kolia Bhomora Bridge, over the Brahmaputra, was opened in 1987 and is 3,015 metres (3,297 yd) long.

In 1987 the Kolia Bhomora Setu, over the Brahmaputra, was inaugurated connecting Tezpur to the southern district of Nagaon. The bridge is the longest over the river, spanning 3,015 metres (3,297 yd), has become a tourist attraction.The airport is located at Salonibari, 10 km from the heart of the city.[6]

Notable people

References

  1. ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=306544
  2. ^ "Tezpur, India Weather Averages - Monthly Average High and Low Temperature - Average Precipitation and Rainfall days - World Weather Online". Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  3. ^ "List of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). Assam. Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  4. ^ "Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India, Pin 784028, A Central University". www.tezu.ernet.in. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
  5. ^ "LGBRIMH TEZPUR". http://www.lgbrimh.org/. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  6. ^ "Kolia Bhomora". Akash Pratim Baruah's website. Archived from the original on 2009-10-25. Retrieved 5 May 2007.
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