English Wikipedia: Difference between revisions

English Wikipedia
	Logo of the English Wikipedia
	Screenshot The homepage of the English Wikipedia
Type of site	Internet encyclopedia
Owner	Wikimedia Foundation
Created by	Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger
URL	en.wikipedia.org
Commercial	No
Registration	Open read access.; No registration needed for general editing, but necessary for certain tasks including • protected page edit ; • page creation ; • file upload ;
Users	48,402,072

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Revision as of 06:05, 12 March 2015

The English Wikipedia is the English-language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia. Founded on 15 January 2001 and reaching four million articles by July 2012, it was the first edition of Wikipedia and, as of September 2014, has the most articles (more than twice as many as the next in rank, the Swedish Wikipedia).^[2] As of December 2024, nearly 10.8% of articles in all Wikipedias belong to the English-language edition. This share has gradually declined from more than 50% in 2003, due to the growth of Wikipedias in other languages.^[3] There are 6,923,367 articles on the site (live count).^[4] In December 2012, the combined text of the English Wikipedia's articles totaled roughly 9.7 gigabytes.^[5]^{[needs update]}

The Simple English Wikipedia is a variation, with most of the articles using a basic level of English vocabulary. There is also the Old English (Ænglisc/Anglo-Saxon) Wikipedia.

Pioneering edition

The English Wikipedia was the first Wikipedia edition and has remained the largest. It has pioneered many ideas as conventions, policies or features which were later adopted by some of the other-language Wikipedia editions. These ideas include "featured articles",^[6] the neutral-point-of-view policy,^[7] navigation templates,^[8] the sorting of short "stub" articles into sub-categories,^[9] dispute resolution mechanisms such as mediation and arbitration,^[10] and weekly collaborations.^[11]

The English Wikipedia has adopted features from the German Wikipedia, and from smaller editions. These features include verified revisions from the German Wikipedia (dewiki), and town population-lookup templates from the Dutch Wikipedia (nlwiki).

Although the English Wikipedia stores images and audio files, as well as text files, many of the images have been moved to Wikimedia Commons with the same name, as passed-through files. However, the English Wikipedia also has fair-use images and audio/video files (with copyright restrictions), most of which are not allowed on Commons.

Many of the most active participants in the Wikimedia Foundation, and the developers of the MediaWiki software that powers Wikipedia, are English Wikipedia users.

Users and editors

**English Wikipedia statistics**
Number of user accounts	Number of articles	Number of files	Number of administrators
48,402,072	6,923,367	930,862	846

The English Wikipedia reached 4,000,000 registered user accounts on 1 April 2007,^[12] just a little over a year since it had crossed a threshold of 1,000,000 registered user accounts in late February 2006.^[13]

Over 800,000 editors have edited Wikipedia more than 10 times.^[14] 300,000 editors edit Wikipedia every month^{[citation needed]}; of these, over 30,000 perform more than 5 edits per month, and a little over 3,000 perform more than 100 edits per month.^[15] By 24 November 2011, a total of 500 million edits had been performed on the English Wikipedia.^{[citation needed]}

As the largest Wikipedia edition, and because English is such a widely used language, the English Wikipedia draws many users and editors whose native language is not English. Such users may seek information from the English Wikipedia rather than the Wikipedia of their native language because the English Wikipedia tends to contain more information about general subjects. Successful collaborations have developed between non-native English speakers who add content to the English Wikipedia and native English speakers who act as copyeditors for them.^{[citation needed]}

Arbitration Committee

The English Wikipedia has an Arbitration Committee (also known as ArbCom) that consists of a panel of editors that imposes binding rulings with regard to disputes between other editors of the online encyclopedia.^[16] The Committee was created by Jimmy Wales on 4 December 2003 as an extension of the decision-making power he had formerly held as owner of the site.^[17]^[18]

When initially founded, the Committee consisted of 12 arbitrators divided into three groups of four members each.^[17]^[19] Since then, the Committee has gradually expanded to its membership to 18 arbitrators.^[20]^{[failed verification]}

Like other aspects of the English Wikipedia, Wikipedia's sister projects have emulated the Arbitration Committee with their own similar versions.^{[citation needed]} In 2007, an Arbitration Committee was founded on the German Wikipedia called the Schiedsrichter.^[21]

Controversies

Incidents of cyberbullying on Wikipedia have been reported in the mainstream press.^[22]^[23]^[24] The Glen A. Wilson High School was the subject of such a threat in 2008,^[22]^[23]^[24] and a 14-year-old boy was arrested for making a threat against Niles West High School on Wikipedia in 2006.^[25]

A 2013 study from Oxford University concluded that the most disputed articles on the English Wikipedia tended to be broader issues, while on other language Wikipedias the most disputed articles tended to be regional issues; this is due to the English language's status as a global lingua franca, which means that many who edit the English Wikipedia do not speak English as a native language. The study stated that the most disputed entries on the English Wikipedia were: George W. Bush, Anarchism, Muhammad, List of WWE personnel, Global warming, Circumcision, United States, Jesus, Race and intelligence, and Christianity.^[26]

Varieties of English

One controversy in the English Wikipedia concerns which national variety of the English language is to be preferred, with the most commonly advocated candidates being American English and British English.^[27] Perennial suggestions range from standardizing upon a single form of English to forking the English Wikipedia project. A style guideline states, "the English Wikipedia has no general preference for a major national variety of the language" and "an article on a topic that has strong ties to a particular English-speaking nation uses the appropriate variety of English for that nation".^[28] An article should use spelling and grammar variants consistently; for example, color and colour are not to be used in the same article, since they represent American and British English, respectively. The guide also states that an article must remain in its original national variant.

There has been a similar issue in the Chinese language Wikipedia concerning regional differences in writing. Efforts at a language fork for Portuguese Wikipedia have failed, and succeeded for Norwegian Wikipedia.

Varieties of English

Andrew Lih wrote that the English Wikipedia "didn't have the chance to go through a debate over whether there should be a British English Wikipedia or an American English Wikipedia" because the English Wikipedia was the original edition.^[29]^{[clarification needed]} Editors agreed to use U.S. spellings for primarily American topics and British spellings for primarily British topics. In 2009 Lih wrote, "No doubt, American spellings tend to dominate by default just because of sheer numbers."^[30]

Wikiprojects, and assessment of importance and quality

In 2007, in preparation for producing a print version, the English Wikipedia introduced an assessment scale of the quality of articles.^[31] The range of quality classes begins with "Stub" (very short pages), followed by "Start", "C" and "B" (in increasing order of quality). Community peer review is needed for the article to enter one of the highest quality classes: either "A", "good article" or the highest, "featured article". Of the total of about 4.4 million articles assessed as of December 11, 2013, approximately five thousand are featured articles (0.1%). One featured article per day, as selected by editors, appears on the main page of Wikipedia.^[32]^[33]

Researcher Giacomo Poderi found that articles tend to reach featured status via the intensive work of a few editors.^[34] A 2010 study found unevenness in quality among featured articles and concluded that the community process is ineffective in assessing the quality of articles.^[35]

The articles can also be rated as per "importance" as judged by a Wikiproject. Currently, there are 5 importance categories: "low", "mid", "high", "top", and "???" for unclassified/unsure level. For a particular article, different Wikiprojects may assign different importance levels.

The Wikipedia Version 1.0 Editorial Team has developed a table (shown below) that displays data of all rated articles by quality and importance, on the English Wikipedia. If an article receives different ratings by two or more Wikiprojects, then the highest rating is used in the table. The software regularly auto-updates the data.

Quality-wise distribution of over 4.8 million articles and lists on the English Wikipedia, as of 27 February 2015^[update]^[36]

Graphics

Percentages of articles written in various language families. In March 2013, 16.76% of articles were in English.
The countries in which the English Wikipedia is the most popular language version of Wikipedia are shown in red.^[37]
Top 25 contributor countries to the English Wikipedia. Dark green: Native English speaking countries; light green: countries with English as a secondary language.^[38]
In April 2009, the Wikimedia Foundation conducted a usability study on the English Wikipedia, questioning users about the editing mechanism.^[39]

Bar chart, origin of edits

Origin of edits (2014/1 – 2014/3)^[40]

United States			38.3%
United Kingdom			13.2%
India			6.9%
Canada			5.4%
Australia			3.6%
Unknown			2.9%
Philippines			2.6%
Germany			1.5%
Brazil			1.1%
Italy			1.0%
Ireland			1.0%
Pakistan			0.9%
France			0.8%
Malaysia			0.8%
Netherlands			0.8%
Indonesia			0.8%
China			0.7%
New Zealand			0.7%
Spain			0.7%
Iran			0.7%
Mexico			0.5%
Sweden			0.5%
Russia			0.5%
Greece			0.5%
Turkey			0.5%
Other			13.1%

Internal news publications

Community-produced news publications include The Signpost which has been published since January 2005 on English Wikipedia. Other past and present community news publications include the "Wikiworld" web comic, the Wikipedia Weekly podcast, and newsletters of specific WikiProjects like The Bugle from WikiProject Military History and the monthly newsletter from The Guild of Copy Editors. There are also a number of publications from the Wikimedia Foundation and multilingual publications such as the Wikimedia Blog and This Month in Education.

References

Lih, Andrew. The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia. Hyperion, New York City. 2009. First Edition. ISBN 978-1-4013-0371-6 (alkaline paper).

Notes

^
There is some controversy over who founded Wikipedia. Wales considers himself to be the sole founder of Wikipedia and has told the Boston Globe that "it's preposterous" to call Sanger the co-founder.^{[citation needed]} However, Sanger strongly contests that description. He was identified as a co-founder of Wikipedia at least as early as September 2001 and referred to himself that way as early as January 2002.^{[citation needed]}
- Jonathan Sidener (6 December 2004). "Everyone's Encyclopedia". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 15 October 2006.
- Peter Meyers (20 September 2001). "Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You". New York Times. Retrieved 15 October 2006.
- Sanger, Larry. "What Wikipedia is and why it matters". Retrieved 12 April 2006.
^ https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#All_Wikipedias_ordered_by_number_of_articles
^ Wikimedia Meta-Wiki (21 September 2008). "List of Wikipedias". Retrieved 21 September 2008.
^ The number of articles on the English Wikipedia is shown by the MediaWiki variable {{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}, with all Wikipedias as total {{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}} = 64,081,719.
^ "Download Wikipedia In English – All 9.7GB Of It". 9 April 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
^ English Wikipedia (30 January 2007). "Featured articles". Retrieved 30 January 2007.
^ English Wikipedia (25 January 2007). "Neutral point of view". Retrieved 30 January 2007.
^ Wikimedia Meta-Wiki (29 January 2007). "Help:Template". Retrieved 30 January 2007.
^ English Wikipedia (19 January 2007). "WikiProject Stub sorting". Retrieved 30 January 2007.
^ English Wikipedia (27 January 2007). "Resolving disputes". Retrieved 30 January 2007.
^ English Wikipedia (30 January 2007). "Article Creation and Improvement Drive". Retrieved 30 January 2007.
^ Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2007-04-02/News and notes. Retrieved 20 April 2007
^ Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2006-02-27/News and notes. Retrieved 20 April 2007
^ "Wikipedia Statistics - Tables - English". Stats.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
^ "Wikipedia Statistics - Tables - English". Stats.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
^ Schiff, Stacy (2 December 2006). "Know-alls". The Age. Australia: Fairfax Digital Network. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
^ ^a ^b Wales, Jimmy (4 December 2003). "WikiEN-l Wikiquette committee appointments". Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
^ Hoffman, David A.; Salil Mehra (2010). "Wikitruth Through Wikiorder". Emory Law Journal. 59 (2010). SSRN 1354424.
^ Hyatt, Josh (1 June 2006). "Secrets of Greatness: Great Teams". Fortune. Time Warner. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
^ Wales, Jimmy (20 December 2008). "ArbCom Appointments". Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
^ Kleinz, Torsten (30 April 2007). "Wikipedia sucht Schiedsrichter" (in German). heise online. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
^ ^a ^b Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (29 April 2008). "Wikipedia threats went unchecked – Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times.
^ ^a ^b "Hacienda Heights school receives possible threat | abc7.com". Abclocal.go.com. 18 April 2008. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Student arrested for violent threats on Wikipedia". Los Angeles Times. 29 April 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
^ "Teen charged after threat to school on Wikipedia". Bloomington, IL: Pantagraph.com. Associated Press. 31 October 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
^ Gross, Doug. "Wiki wars: The 10 most controversial Wikipedia pages." (Archive) CNN. 24 July 2013. Retrieved on 26 July 2013.
^ English Wikipedia. "Wikipedia:Manual of Style (spelling)". Retrieved 25 February 2006.
^ English Wikipedia. "Wikipedia:Manual of Style". Retrieved 10 October 2007.
^ Lih, p. 135.
^ Lih, p. 136.
^ "Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment". Retrieved 28 October 2007.
^ "Comparing featured article groups and revision patterns correlations in Wikipedia". First Monday. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
^ Fernanda B. Viégas, Martin Wattenberg, and Matthew M. McKeon (22 July 2007). "The Hidden Order of Wikipedia" (PDF). Visual Communication Lab, IBM Research. Retrieved 30 October 2007. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Poderi, Giacomo, Wikipedia and the Featured Articles: How a Technological System Can Produce Best Quality Articles, Master thesis, University of Maastricht, October 2008.
^ David Lindsey. "Evaluating quality control of Wikipedia's featured articles". First Monday.
^ ^a ^b Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Statistics – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
^ Erik Zachte (14 November 2011). "Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report – Wikipedia Page Views Per Country – Trends". Wikimedia Statistics. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
^ Erik Zachte (14 November 2011). "Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report – Page Edits Per Wikipedia Language – Breakdown". Wikimedia Statistics. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
^ "Usability and Experience Study". Wikimedia Foundation. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
^ "Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report - Page Edits Per Wikipedia Language - Breakdown". Stats.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 28 July 2014.

External links

[foundercontroversy-1] There is some controversy over who founded Wikipedia. Wales considers himself to be the sole founder of Wikipedia and has told the Boston Globe that "it's preposterous" to call Sanger the co-founder.^{[citation needed]} However, Sanger strongly contests that description. He was identified as a co-founder of Wikipedia at least as early as September 2001 and referred to himself that way as early as January 2002.^{[citation needed]}
Jonathan Sidener (6 December 2004). "Everyone's Encyclopedia". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 15 October 2006.

Peter Meyers (20 September 2001). "Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You". New York Times. Retrieved 15 October 2006.

Sanger, Larry. "What Wikipedia is and why it matters". Retrieved 12 April 2006.

[2] Jonathan Sidener (6 December 2004). "Everyone's Encyclopedia". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 15 October 2006.

[3] Peter Meyers (20 September 2001). "Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You". New York Times. Retrieved 15 October 2006.

[4] Sanger, Larry. "What Wikipedia is and why it matters". Retrieved 12 April 2006.

[2] ttps://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#All_Wikipedias_ordered_by_number_of_articles

[3] Wikimedia Meta-Wiki (21 September 2008). "List of Wikipedias". Retrieved 21 September 2008.

[4] The number of articles on the English Wikipedia is shown by the MediaWiki variable {{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}, with all Wikipedias as total {{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}} = 64,081,719.

[5] "Download Wikipedia In English – All 9.7GB Of It". 9 April 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-10.

[6] English Wikipedia (30 January 2007). "Featured articles". Retrieved 30 January 2007.

[7] English Wikipedia (25 January 2007). "Neutral point of view". Retrieved 30 January 2007.

[8] Wikimedia Meta-Wiki (29 January 2007). "Help:Template". Retrieved 30 January 2007.

[9] English Wikipedia (19 January 2007). "WikiProject Stub sorting". Retrieved 30 January 2007.

[10] English Wikipedia (27 January 2007). "Resolving disputes". Retrieved 30 January 2007.

[11] English Wikipedia (30 January 2007). "Article Creation and Improvement Drive". Retrieved 30 January 2007.

[4,564,000-12] Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2007-04-02/News and notes. Retrieved 20 April 2007

[1,000,000-13] Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2006-02-27/News and notes. Retrieved 20 April 2007

[14] "Wikipedia Statistics - Tables - English". Stats.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 8 August 2013.

[15] "Wikipedia Statistics - Tables - English". Stats.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 8 August 2013.

[AU-16] Schiff, Stacy (2 December 2006). "Know-alls". The Age. Australia: Fairfax Digital Network. Retrieved 15 June 2009.

[Wales1-17] Wales, Jimmy (4 December 2003). "WikiEN-l Wikiquette committee appointments". Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Retrieved 9 June 2009.

[SSRN-18] Hoffman, David A.; Salil Mehra (2010). "Wikitruth Through Wikiorder". Emory Law Journal. 59 (2010). SSRN 1354424.

[Fortune-19] Hyatt, Josh (1 June 2006). "Secrets of Greatness: Great Teams". Fortune. Time Warner. Retrieved 15 June 2009.

[Wales2-20] Wales, Jimmy (20 December 2008). "ArbCom Appointments". Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 June 2009.

[dewiki-2007-21] Kleinz, Torsten (30 April 2007). "Wikipedia sucht Schiedsrichter" (in German). heise online. Retrieved 9 June 2009.

[LATimes-22] Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (29 April 2008). "Wikipedia threats went unchecked – Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times.

[ABCLocal-23] "Hacienda Heights school receives possible threat | abc7.com". Abclocal.go.com. 18 April 2008. Retrieved 8 August 2013.

[LATimes2-24] "Student arrested for violent threats on Wikipedia". Los Angeles Times. 29 April 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2012.

[25] "Teen charged after threat to school on Wikipedia". Bloomington, IL: Pantagraph.com. Associated Press. 31 October 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2011.

[Gross-26] Gross, Doug. "Wiki wars: The 10 most controversial Wikipedia pages." (Archive) CNN. 24 July 2013. Retrieved on 26 July 2013.

[27] English Wikipedia. "Wikipedia:Manual of Style (spelling)". Retrieved 25 February 2006.

[28] English Wikipedia. "Wikipedia:Manual of Style". Retrieved 10 October 2007.

[29] Lih, p. 135.

[30] Lih, p. 136.

[WP_1.0_editorial_team_1-31] "Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment". Retrieved 28 October 2007.

[FMonday_feat_article_patterns_1-32] "Comparing featured article groups and revision patterns correlations in Wikipedia". First Monday. Retrieved 13 July 2010.

[IBM_feat_articles_hidden_pattern_1-33] Fernanda B. Viégas, Martin Wattenberg, and Matthew M. McKeon (22 July 2007). "The Hidden Order of Wikipedia" (PDF). Visual Communication Lab, IBM Research. Retrieved 30 October 2007. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Poderi_Giacomo_feat_articles_1-34] Poderi, Giacomo, Wikipedia and the Featured Articles: How a Technological System Can Produce Best Quality Articles, Master thesis, University of Maastricht, October 2008.

[FMonday_WP_quality_control_1-35] David Lindsey. "Evaluating quality control of Wikipedia's featured articles". First Monday.

[en.wikipedia-36] Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Statistics – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

[stats-37] Erik Zachte (14 November 2011). "Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report – Wikipedia Page Views Per Country – Trends". Wikimedia Statistics. Retrieved 19 January 2011.

[autogenerated1-38] Erik Zachte (14 November 2011). "Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report – Page Edits Per Wikipedia Language – Breakdown". Wikimedia Statistics. Retrieved 19 January 2011.

[39] "Usability and Experience Study". Wikimedia Foundation. Retrieved 19 January 2012.

[40] "Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report - Page Edits Per Wikipedia Language - Breakdown". Stats.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 28 July 2014.

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v t e Wikipedia language editions by article count
6,000,000+	English Cebuano
2,000,000+	German French Swedish Dutch Russian
1,000,000+	Arabic Chinese Egyptian Arabic Italian Japanese Persian Polish Portuguese Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese Waray
100,000 –999,999	Afrikaans Albanian Armenian Asturian Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bengali Bulgarian Burmese Cantonese Catalan Croatian Czech Danish Esperanto Estonian Finnish Galician Georgian Greek Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Indonesian Kazakh Korean Ladin Latin Latvian Macedonian Norwegian (Bokmål/Riksmål) Norwegian (Nynorsk) Romanian Serbian Serbo-Croatian Simple English Slovak Slovene Southern Min Tamil Tatar Telugu Thai Turkish Urdu Uzbek Welsh
10,000 –99,999	Alemannic Aragonese Assamese Balinese Belarusian (Taraškievica) Bosnian Breton Chuvash Crimean Tatar Irish Javanese Kannada Kurdish (Kurmanji) Kurdish (Sorani) Maithili Malayalam Marathi Nepali Occitan Odia Ossetian Punjabi Samogitian Sanskrit Santali Scots Scottish Gaelic Silesian Sindhi Swahili Tagalog Volapük Western Punjabi Yiddish Zulu
<10,000	Bambara Bhojpuri Classical Syriac Dutch Low Saxon Extremaduran Goan Konkani Guarani Kashmiri Northern Sami Ripuarian Tulu Wayuu Wolof
See also: List of Wikimedia wikis

Revision as of 06:05, 12 March 2015

Pioneering edition

Users and editors

Arbitration Committee

Controversies

Varieties of English

Varieties of English

Wikiprojects, and assessment of importance and quality

Graphics

Internal news publications

See also

References

Notes

External links