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World Passport

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Current view of World Passport.

The World Passport is a fantasy travel document sold by the World Service Authority, a non-profit organization founded by Garry Davis in 1954.[1][2]

Appearance and price

Data page of the World Passport.

The World Passport is similar in appearance to a genuine national passport or other such authentic travel document. In 1979 the World Passport was a 42-page document, with a dark blue cover, and text in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish, and Esperanto. It contained a five-page section for medical history and a six-page section for listing organisational affiliation. The fee charged at that time was US$32 plus postage for a three-year World Passport that could be renewed for a further two years.[3]

The version of the World Passport current as of 2017 was produced in January 2007. It has an embedded "ghost" photo for security, covered with a plastic film. Its data page is in the format of a machine-readable passport, with an alphanumeric code bar in the machine-readable zone (MRZ) enabling it to be scanned by an optical reader. However, in place of a valid ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code in the MRZ "issuer" and "nationality" fields, it uses the non-standard code "WSA".

According to the WSA website, the fee is $75 for a three-year World Passport, $100 for five years, and $125 for ten years. A "World Donor Passport" valid for fifteen years with a special cover is issued gratis to donors of at least $500 which, according to the WSA, is used to provide free documents to refugees and stateless persons.[4][5] In addition, the customer can choose between two World Passport covers: "World Passport" or "World Government Passport". The WSA recommends their customers to purchase the second option.[6]

A potential customer must provide as proof of identity a notarized certification of the details on the form, a copy of their national identity papers, or a fingerprint from their right index finger.[4] People have been known to obtain World Passports in names other than their legal names; see the relevant section below.

  • Renewals page.
    Renewals page.
  • Children's information page.
    Children's information page.
  • Notes.
    Notes.
  • Affiliations page.
    Affiliations page.
  • Visa page.
    Visa page.
  • Attention.
    Attention.

As a travel document

The appearance is so similar to a genuine passport that in 1974 a criminal case was lodged against Garry Davis in France regarding his sale of World Passports.[7]

According to the WSA, the version of the document introduced in 2007 was filed as a Machine Readable Travel Document (MRTD) with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).[8] However, ICAO documents on MRTDs cite the World Service Authority and its World Passport as an example of "Fantasy Documents".[9][10]

Notable acceptances

Success in crossing a border using a World Passport is generally attributable to the whim or ignorance of individual immigration officers, not official recognition of the document.[11] The World Service Authority website has scans of letters dating from many decades ago from six countries (Burkina Faso, Ecuador, Mauritania, Tanzania, Togo and Zambia) which the WSA claims is legal recognition of the World Passports. These letters of recognition are several decades old (i.e., 1954 for Ecuador, 1972 for Burkina Faso, 1975 for Mauritania, 1995 for Tanzania, 1983 for Togo, 1973 for Zambia).[12]

According to the World Service Authority website, some World Passports have reportedly been accepted on a case-by-case basis by over 180 countries (i.e., they have been stamped with a national visa or entry or exit stamp), and according to the World Service Authority some countries in the past accorded the document legal recognition.[13][14][non-primary source needed]

The World Passport came under increased international scrutiny in 1996, after the hijacking of the MS Achille Lauro. In the aftermath of the incident, one of the captured hijackers, Youssef Majed al-Molqi, escaped imprisonment in Italy and used a World Passport which he had purchased in 1988 to leave the country and travel to Spain before he was recaptured.[15][16][17]

Notable rejections

Many countries and territories say they do not recognize the World Passport because it is not issued by a competent government authority, and thus does not meet the definition of a passport. By 1975, Garry Davis had already been detained twenty times for his attempts to cross international borders with a World Passport.[18]

Commonwealth of Independent States

The Russian government states that it does not recognise the World Passport. In a 1995 interview with Kommersant, a spokesman for the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Department of Consular Services stated that the World Passport is not an acceptable document for proving identity or citizenship status at Russian border crossings; only a diplomatic passport, official passport, seaman's passport, or general civil passport are accepted.[19] However, one Russian media report claims that some members of the House of Romanov, travelling to Saint Petersburg for the reburial of the remains of one of their ancestors, were permitted by Russian authorities to obtain visas in their World Passports, in light of the special situation.[20]

In December 2008, a man claiming to be a Russian citizen attempted to cross the border from Latvia into Belarus at the Urbany checkpoint using a World Passport; he stated he lost his Russian documents while in Sweden. He was arrested by the Belarusian border guards. A spokesman for Belarus' State Border Committee in an interview with a local newspaper stated that Belarus does not accept the World Passport at border crossings. He also claimed it was the first known case of its kind in the country.[21][22]

United States

The United States Department of State's official position on the World Passport is that it is a booklet produced by a private organisation upon payment of a fee, and not a passport. As early as 1991, the US Air Transport Association specifically included the World Passport in a training film as an example of unacceptable travel papers.[23] In 2012, a Belizean man attempted to enter the U.S. through the Veterans International Bridge at Los Tomates using a World Passport. The man in question had prior felony convictions for drug trafficking and immigration offences, and had previously been deported from the United States multiple times. He claimed that he wanted to speak with President Obama about genocide in Belize. In a bench trial, Judge Andrew S. Hanen found the man guilty of felony attempted re-entry after deportation.[24]

Other countries

Activist Kenneth O'Keefe tried to travel to Iraq using a World Passport in 2003, but was rejected transit rights by Turkey, and had to apply for an American passport to continue his journey.[25][26]

In 2004, two men from China on board Cathay Pacific Flight 302 from Hong Kong to Guangzhou attempted to pass through immigration at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport using World Passports. The officers at the airport arrested them for illegal entry.[27]

Also, though Garry Davis claims to have traveled to India using a World Passport and to have given one personally to Jawaharlal Nehru,[28][29] in May 2007 an Indian citizen was arrested for attempting to leave India at Begumpet Airport using a World Passport. The man, intending to travel to the United States, had purchased what he believed was a genuine passport and visa. His travel agency and Air India staff both accepted his World Passport, but Indian immigration did not. The Times of India called it a clear case of "internet fraud" and stated that the man had been "duped".[30]

The Council of the European Union has a table of travel documents entitling the holder to cross external borders of Schengen states and which may be endorsed with a visa; the World Passport is listed as a fantasy passport to which a visa may not be affixed.[2]

In February 2013, both Panama and Costa Rica rejected the use of the World Passport by Sage Million, a fugitive from Hawaii.[31]

Hip-hop artist and actor Yasiin Bey (Mos Def) was arrested in South Africa on January 15, 2016 for attempting to leave the country using a World Passport. He had entered the country using an American passport and had lived in Cape Town since May 2013. South Africa's Department of Home Affairs released a statement saying that Mr. Bey would be allowed to appeal the immigration action and possibly seek permanent residency.[32][33]

Use by refugees and stateless persons

The World Service Authority sells World Passports to refugees and other people who are unable to obtain valid, authentic travel documents. According to the WSA, refugees in camps are given free World Passports. WSA reports that it "has [given out] more than 10,000 free World Passports to refugees residing in camps throughout the world" and that it "has documentary evidence that the issuance of such passports may permit refugees to leave such camps to seek asylum elsewhere or to claim other rights often denied to refugees".[34] However, many of those refugees have found World Passports to be useless.[23] According to statements by Garry Davis in the mid-1970s, major users of World Passports at the time included persons in Southeast Asia fleeing from wars, as well as holders of Rhodesian passports who were otherwise unable to travel internationally as no other country accepted their documents besides South Africa.[35]

Many East African refugees arriving in Nordic countries in the early 1990s had World Passports.[36] In July 2011, a Georgian citizen attempted to pass through Latvian border control with a World Passport, though he also had a valid Georgian passport in his possession; after presenting his World Passport, he requested asylum in Latvia.[37]

Another category of users of World Passports are stowaways on ships. Vessel owners are legally responsible for the stowaways until they can find a country to let them ashore, but countries are often reluctant due to questions over the validity of the stowaways' documents. From 1992 to 2006 the WSA sold their document to such individuals on five occasions.[38]

As an identity document

The World Service Authority promotes the World Passport not just as a document for international travel, but a "neutral, apolitical document of identity".[39] Investor Doug Casey, himself a World Passport customer, has suggested that a World Passport is useful at hotels and other non-governmental institutions where security is uncertain; if one is asked to hand over one's real passport in such situations, one can provide the World Passport instead of a genuine national passport.[40] Governmental authorities do not share this assessment.

The Criminal Records Bureau of the United Kingdom Home Office states that registered bodies should not accept the World Passport as a proof of identity, warning that "a fake 'World Passport' can be purchased online by members of the public and should not be confused with a genuine passport".[41] The Isle of Man's Financial Supervision Commission, which regulates the isle's banks and company formation agents, states that the World Passport is not an acceptable document to prove either the nationality or identity of the bearer. Specifically, it classifies it as a spurious or fantasy passport, a term which it defines to mean as documents which "have the appearance of a passport, but are issued by organisations with no authority and to which no official recognition has been given".[42]

The United States Social Security Administration will also not accept any World Service Authority document (including the World Passport and World Donor Passport) as evidence of identity, age, citizenship, alien status, or marital status for either claims or enumeration purposes.[43] The Virginia Department of Social Services explicitly classifies all World Service Authority documents as "unacceptable documents" for verification of identity.[44] The United States Department of State instructs all U.S. embassies and consulates not to provide any notarial, apostille, or other authentication services in respect of World Passports, whether regarding the World Passport itself or documents relating to the purchase of a World Passport. They warn that such documents could be used for fraudulent or criminal purposes.[45][46] In 1996 a man was able to buy a World Passport in a name that was not his own, but was detected after repeated attempts to use it to prove his identity when opening accounts at various banks in Indiana, without providing a verifiable address or telephone number. He was convicted of fraud on a financial institution.[47]

As a political statement

Regardless of its almost universal lack of acceptance, an individual may also seek to obtain a World Passport as part of a political statement. A number of Russian citizens have obtained the World Passport as a form of protest against the "red tape" imposed by the Russian government on their own citizens aiming to travel abroad.[48] In 1977, two mayors of West Bank towns bought World Passports during a visit by Garry Davis.[49]

Sale by third parties

Old version of World Passport

Despite its limited acceptance, other entities have also sought to manufacture and sell the fantasy travel document, without the consent of the WSA. The Isle of Man's Financial Supervision Commission reports that they have identified counterfeit World Passports.[42] Also, the first cross-jurisdictional fake passport case ever found in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China involved counterfeit World Passports. In February 1981, the local Public Security Bureau identified some Hong Kong criminals who were charging World Passport customers HK$18,000 plus CN¥50-100 (roughly US$3,300 at the official exchange rate at that time) in processing fees, and misrepresenting to them that World Passport customers could settle in any country in the world.[50]

As mentioned above, Russia does not accept World Passports, but in the 1990s, many company formation agents in Russia sold the World Passport together in a package-deal with the setup of an offshore company (international business company), and falsely claimed that all countries of the world accept it as an identity document.[19] In some cases, such companies charged up to US$1,000 for the document alone.[51]

In Malaysia in 1994, a Nigerian man was arrested at the Central Market, Kuala Lumpur by tourist police during an identity check, after he showed a World Passport. A search of his belongings showed that he carried a total of five World Passports, as well as a real Nigerian passport that had been used by another person to travel to Malaysia and Hong Kong. Authorities suspected he might have been trying to sell the fantasy travel documents to other foreign nationals lacking valid travel documents.[52]

Notable World Passport owners

Many notable people have owned World Passports. Although some may have purchased them, the WSA typically gives them to prominent people. Garry Davis, the WSA founder, owned World Passport No. 1, originally manufactured in 1954.[53][54]

Entertainers who have been given or purchased World Passports include violinist Yehudi Menuhin,[55] actor Patrick Stewart,[56][57][58] and actor LeVar Burton.[59][60][57] Other World Passport holders include activists such as whistleblower Edward Snowden[61][62] and WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange.[63]

Criminals and terrorists who have owned World Passports include Triston Jay Amero, an American man charged with hotel bombings in Bolivia,[11] and Youssef Majed al-Molqi, one of the hijackers of the MS Achille Lauro in 1985.[16][64] The WSA has awarded a number of "honorary World Passports", though these are without approval from those who received them. These honorary documents have been given to figures including Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru,[28] 34th president of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower,[65] and last president of Czechoslovakia and first president of the Czech Republic Václav Havel.[66]

See also

References

  1. ^ "What is the World Government of World Citizens?". World Service Authority. Archived from the original on 2013-06-29. Retrieved 2013-07-12.
  2. ^ a b Table of travel documents entitling the holder to cross the external borders and which may be endorsed with a visa - (Parts II and II) and Part V (documents to which visas cannot be affixed Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine. Council of the European Union. 1 December 2008. The World Passport is placed in the latter category.
  3. ^ 'World' passport termed advisable, an article by John Brannon Albright in the Bangor Daily News, (26 October 1979)
  4. ^ a b "Application Form". Worldservice.org. Archived from the original on 2017-04-28. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  5. ^ "World Service Authority FAQ". World Government of World Citizens. Archived from the original on 19 November 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  6. ^ "Passport Cover Choice". Archived from the original on 2018-01-28. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  7. ^ World Citizen, by Mark Blackburn, The Leader-Post, Regina, 31 May 1974, p30
  8. ^ "THE WORLD PASSPORT". worldservice.org. Archived from the original on 2007-02-25. Retrieved 2007-02-25.
  9. ^ "International Civil Aviation Organization Regional Seminar on MRTDs, Biometrics and Border Security, 27-29 November 2012, p30" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  10. ^ "International Civil Aviation TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP ON MACHINE READABLE TRAVEL DOCUMENTS, TAG-MRTD/16, WP/5, 13/9/05, section 2.1.1" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-09.
  11. ^ a b What's a World Passport? Archived 2006-05-19 at the Wayback Machine article by Daniel Engber in slate.com (March 24, 2006)
  12. ^ "WSA Passport Acceptance - Visas on WSA Passports". www.worldservice.org. World Government of World Citizens. Archived from the original on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  13. ^ "visas - World Government of World Citizen". World Service Authority. Archived from the original on 2013-07-16. Retrieved 2013-07-11.
  14. ^ "WSA Passport Acceptance - Visas on WSA Passports". worldgovernment.org. Archived from the original on 2011-05-12. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
  15. ^ Achille Lauro killer likely fled to Algeria: Furloughed terrorist used documents from U.S. to escape, Peggy Polk, The Washington Times (22 March 1996)
  16. ^ a b Private 'authority' issues passports: Escaped terrorist among recipients, Paige Bowers, The Washington Times (22 March 1996)
  17. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2011-06-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  18. ^ Oddities in the news, article in The Calgary Herald (5 May 1975)
  19. ^ a b Лучший Способ Потерять Деньги Archived 2012-10-18 at the Wayback Machine, an article by Svetlana Branitskaya (18 June 1995) in Kommersant
  20. ^ Паспорт, который только в Африке паспорт Archived 2011-08-11 at the Wayback Machine, an article by Valeriya Mozganova on Travel.ru (22 January 1997)
  21. ^ Белорусские пограничники задержали гражданина мира Archived 2012-03-31 at the Wayback Machine, an article from Lenta.ru (23 December 2008)
  22. ^ Полоцкие пограничники поймали гражданина мира Archived 2012-03-27 at the Wayback Machine, an article from Naviny.by (23 December 2008)
  23. ^ a b Documents for Refugees Criticized as Passports to Heartbreak, article by Karlyn Barker in The Washington Post (10 December 1991)
  24. ^ 'World Passport' didn't work on bridge, an article from The Brownsville Herald (February 21, 2012)
  25. ^ Electing to leave: A reader's guide to expatriating on November 3 Archived 2011-06-08 at the Wayback Machine, article by Bryant Urstadt in Harper's Magazine (October 2004)
  26. ^ Ken O'Keefe - On Being a World Citizen Archived 2011-05-17 at the Wayback Machine, article by Tim King in Salem News (10 May 2011)
  27. ^ "持"世界护照"入境？白云边检识破偷渡者_新闻中心_新浪网". News.sina.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  28. ^ a b 'World Passport' Given to Nehru by Garry Davis Archived 2012-11-08 at the Wayback Machine, a Chicago Daily Tribune article (9 June 1956)
  29. ^ Excludable alien with world passport Archived 2012-07-01 at archive.today, a Times of India article (10 December 2002)
  30. ^ 'World passport' to nowhere Archived 2012-07-10 at archive.today, The Times of India article (24 May 2007)
  31. ^ American Fugitive Expat Sage Million Hiding in Volcan Archived 2014-04-19 at the Wayback Machine, Panama Guide article (4 April 2013)
  32. ^ "Rapper Mos Def ordered to leave South Africa in passport row". BBC News. 2016-01-15. Archived from the original on 2017-06-22. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  33. ^ "Mos Def Was Arrested in South Africa for Using a 'World Passport.' Yes, That's a Real Thing". Foreign Policy. 2016-01-15. Archived from the original on 2017-03-27. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  34. ^ "World Citizen News - Articles". worldcitnews.org. Archived from the original on 2017-04-23. Retrieved 2019-05-22.
  35. ^ U.S. Native advocates borderless world, an article in The Southeast Missourian (27 August 1975)
  36. ^ 'People Smugglers' Send New Tide of Refugees Onto Nordic Shores Archived 2017-11-10 at the Wayback Machine, article by Henry Kamm in The New York Times (15 February 1993)
  37. ^ Georgian citizen presents World Passport to Latvian border guards Archived 2012-04-04 at the Wayback Machine, an article by Alla Petrova in The Baltic Course, 27 July 2011
  38. ^ Stowaway: A man with no country. From port to port, he is trapped on a ship. Archived 2012-09-15 at the Wayback Machine, article by Gaiutra Bahadur in The Philadelphia Inquirer (30 January 2006)
  39. ^ "World Government of World Citizens : The World Passport". Worldservice.org. Archived from the original on 2017-05-13. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  40. ^ "Doug Casey on Second Passports". International Man. Archived from the original on 2013-01-14. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
  41. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2011-06-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  42. ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-07-20. Retrieved 2009-05-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  43. ^ "SSA - POMS: RM 10210.720 - Other and Novelty Birth Records - 05/02/2011". Secure.ssa.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-03-20. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  44. ^ Virginia Department of Social Services; Auxiliary Grant Program, NOn Financial REquirements, Volume II, Part III, Chapter C Archived 2011-10-01 at the Wayback Machine, page 6
  45. ^ 7 FAM 890 UNUSUAL NOTARIAL REQUESTS . See: "7 FAM 893 NOTARIZATION OF WORLD SERVICE AUTHORITY-RELATED DOCUMENTS" (28 December 2007).
  46. ^ Message re apostille issues , Department of State (8 July 2004)
  47. ^ "APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT - Cause No. 49G01-9611-CF-194134". www.in.gov. 3 September 1998. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  48. ^ Зачем россияне становятся Гражданами Мира? Archived 2011-09-03 at the Wayback Machine, an article in Abakan Gazeta (17 September 2009)
  49. ^ World Citizen Makes Offer To Arabs, an article in the Observer-Reporter (January 22, 1977)
  50. ^ 警界纵横 Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine, on the website of the Guangzhou Public Security Bureau, gzjd.gov.cn
  51. ^ Осторожно: стантия лоховская. Не пытайтесь стать "гражданином мира" Archived 2012-03-30 at the Wayback Machine, article by Sergey Zatsepin in Argumenty i Fakty (5 February 1997)
  52. ^ Nigerian with 'World Passports' detained, an article in the New Straits Times (20 May 1994)
  53. ^ A Talk With the Holder Of World Passport No. 1: "Passports Are a Joke" Archived 2018-07-23 at the Wayback Machine, article by Harry Benson in The New York Times (October 18, 1970)
  54. ^ "Garry Davis - History". garrydavis.org. Archived from the original on 2012-06-26. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
  55. ^ Davis, Garry (1984). World Government, Ready Or Not!. ISBN 9780931545009. Retrieved 2016-10-09.
  56. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-16. Retrieved 2018-02-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  57. ^ a b Davis, Garry (3 October 2000). Dear World, A Global Odyssey. ISBN 9781453550625. Archived from the original on 2018-02-16. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  58. ^ Davis, Hilda Emery; Davis, Garry (30 January 2004). Letters to World Citizens. ISBN 9780970648372. Archived from the original on 2018-02-16. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  59. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-16. Retrieved 2018-02-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  60. ^ Davis, Hilda Emery; Davis, Garry (30 January 2004). Letters to World Citizens. ISBN 9780970648372. Archived from the original on 2018-02-16. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  61. ^ World Service [@worldcitizengov] (8 July 2013). "World Service Authority issues World Passport to Edward Snowden based on Universal Declaration of Human Rights" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  62. ^ "Release Details". ExpertClick. Archived from the original on 2017-11-09. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  63. ^ "Release Details". ExpertClick. Archived from the original on 2016-11-10. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  64. ^ We issue passports so people can escape injustice, not elude justice., The Washington Times, (March 27, 1996)
  65. ^ "'Wolrld Citizen' Calls on Nehru" (PDF). Onefilms.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-07-14. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  66. ^ Hilda Emery Davis; Garry Davis (2004-01-30). Letters to World Citizens. p. 100. ISBN 9780970648372. Retrieved 2017-05-17 – via Google Books.
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