July 18
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July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 166 days remaining.
Events
- 390 BC - Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking of Rome.
- 64 - Great fire of Rome: A fire begins to burn in the merchant area of Rome and soon burns completely out of control while Emperor Nero reportedly plays his lyre and sings while watching the blaze from a safe distance.
- 1195 - Battle of Alarcos, great victory of Almohad ruler Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur over the Castilian King Alfonso VIII
- 1536 - The authority of the Pope is declared void in England.
- 1792- gen. Tadeusz Kościuszko successfully defeated Russian in the battle of Dubienka.
- 1830 - Uruguay adopts its first constitution.
- 1857 - Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war on the French.
- 1863 - American Civil War: The first formal African American military unit, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, unsuccessfully assaults Confederate-held Fort Wagner but their valiant fighting still proves the worth of African American soldiers during the war.
- 1872 - Britain introduces voting by secret ballot.
- 1873 - Oscar II of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim
- 1898 - Marie and Pierre Curie announce the discovery of a new element and proposed to call it polonium.
- 1914 - The United States Army's Signal Corps is formed, giving definite status to its air service for the first time.
- 1925 - Adolf Hitler publishes his personal manifesto Mein Kampf.
- 1938 - Douglas "Wrong Way" Corrigan arrives in Ireland.
- 1942 - World War II: The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me-262 using only its jets for the first time.
- 1944 - World War II: Hideki Tojo resigns as Prime Minister of Japan due to numerous setbacks in the war effort.
- 1947 - President Harry S. Truman signs the Presidential Succession Act into law which places the Speaker of the House and the Senate President Pro Tempore next in the line of succession after the United States Vice President.
- 1966 - Gemini 10 launched.
- 1968 - Vietnam War: The two-day Honolulu Conference begins in Honolulu, Hawaii between US President Lyndon B. Johnson and South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu.
- 1968 - Intel incorporated.
- 1969 - After a party on Chappaquiddick Island, Senator Ted Kennedy from Massachusetts drives an Oldsmobile off a wooden bridge into a tide-swept pond and his passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne, dies.
- 1969 - Apollo 11 makes preparations for landing on the Moon.
- 1976 - Gymnast Nadia Comaneci, aged 14, scores first ever perfect 10 at the Olympics.
- 1977 - Vietnam joins the United Nations.
- 1982 - 268 campesinos ("countryside people") are slain in the Plan de Sánchez massacre in Ríos Montt's Guatemala.
- 1984 - McDonald's massacre in San Ysidro, California: In a fast-food restaurant, James Oliver Huberty kills 21 people and injures 19 others before being shot dead by police.
- 1984 - National Crime Authority. Formed, in Australia.
- 1986 - A tornado is broadcast live on KARE television in Minnesota when the station's helicopter pilot makes a chance encounter.
- 1986 - The motion picture Aliens opens in theaters.
- 1989 - Rebecca Schaeffer is shot by a crazed fan, prompting California to pass America's first anti-stalking law in 1990.
- 1992 - The ten victims of the La Cantuta massacre disappeared from their university in Lima.
- 1992 - 'The Late Show', starring the D-Generation Debuts on ABC.
- 1994 - In Buenos Aires, an explosion destroys a building housing several Jewish organizations killing 85 and injuring many more.
- 1994 - A court upholds NBA salary cap and draft rights.
- 1995 - On the Caribbean island of Montserrat, the Soufriere Hills volcano erupts. Over the course of several years, it devastates the island, destroying the capital and forcing most of the population to flee.
- 1996 - Storms provoke severe flooding on the Saguenay River in Quebec, beginning one of Canada's costliest natural disasters ever.
- 1996 - In an event very similar to the Oklahoma tornado that would occur three years later, an F5 tornado hit the town of Oakfield, Wisconsin.
- 1997 - 8000 low-caste Indians riot in Mumbai (Bombay) following a funeral for 10 children who had been killed by police.
- 1998 - A 23-foot tidal wave kills nearly 3,000 people in Papua New Guinea.
- 2001 - In Baltimore, Maryland, a 60-car train derails in a tunnel, sparking a fire that lasts days and virtually shuts down downtown Baltimore.
- 2003 - Kobe Bryant is charged with sexually assaulting a 19-year old girl.
Births
- 1013 - Hermannus Contractus, learned monk (d. 1054)
- 1501 - Isabella of Burgundy, queen of Christian II of Denmark (d. 1526)
- 1504 - Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss religious reformer (d. 1575)
- 1552 - Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1612)
- 1634 - Johannes Camphuys, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1695)
- 1635 - Robert Hooke, English scientist (d. 1703)
- 1670 - Giovanni Bononcini, Italian composer (d. 1747)
- 1718 - Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (d. 1808)
- 1720 - Gilbert White, English ornithologist (d. 1793)
- 1797 - Immanuel Hermann Fichte, German philosopher (d. 1879)
- 1811 - William Makepeace Thackeray, English author (d. 1863)
- 1821 - Pauline Garcia-Viardot, French mezzo-soprano and composer (d. 1910)
- 1837 - Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1873)
- 1845 - Tristan Corbière, French poet (d. 1875)
- 1848 - William Gilbert Grace, English Cricketer, Called Father of Cricket (d. October 23, 1915 )
- 1853 - Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
- 1864 - Phillip Snowden, British politician (d. 1937)
- 1887 - Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian politician and traitor (d. 1945)
- 1890 - Frank Forde, fifteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1983)
- 1892 - Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian football player
- 1894 - Isaac Babel, Ukrainian writer (d. 1940)
- 1900 - Nathalie Sarraute, French writer (d. 1999)
- 1902 - Jessamyn West, American writer (d. 1984)
- 1902 - Chill Wills, American actor (d. 1978)
- 1906 - S. I. Hayakawa, American semanticist and politician (d. 1992)
- 1906 - Clifford Odets, American writer (d. 1963)
- 1909 - Andrei Gromyko, Soviet diplomat and President (d. 1989)
- 1909 - Mohammed Daoud Khan, President of Afghanistan (d. 1978)
- 1911 - Hume Cronyn, Canadian actor (d. 2003)
- 1913 - Red Skelton, American actor and comedian (d. 1997)
- 1918 - Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- 1921 - John Glenn, astronaut and politician
- 1922 - Thomas Kuhn, American philosopher (d. 1996)
- 1923 - Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d. 1997)
- 1925 - Shirley Strickland, Australian athlete
- 1927 - Kurt Masur, Silesian-born conductor
- 1929 - Dick Button, American figure skater
- 1929 - Screamin' Jay Hawkins, American singer (d. 2000)
- 1930 - Burt Kwouk, English actor
- 1933 - Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Russian poet
- 1935 - Jayendra Saraswathi, Hindu religious leader
- 1937 - Roald Hoffman, Polish-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1937 - Hunter S. Thompson, American journalist and author (d. 2005)
- 1940 - James Brolin, American actor
- 1940 - Joe Torre, baseball player and manager
- 1941 - Martha Reeves, American singer
- 1947 - Steve Forbes, American entrepreneur and politician
- 1947 - Steven W. Mahoney, Canadian politician
- 1948 - Hartmut Michel, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1950 - Sir Richard Branson, British entrepreneur
- 1950 - Jack Layton, Canadian politician
- 1951 - Elio Di Rupo, Belgian politician
- 1960 - Anne-Marie Johnson, American actress
- 1962 - Jack Irons, American drummer Red Hot Chili Peppers
- 1963 - Martín Torrijos Espino, President of Panama
- 1963 - Mike Greenwell, baseball player
- 1967 - Vin Diesel, American actor
- 1969 - Masanori Murakawa, Japanese professional wrestler
- 1975 - Torii Hunter, baseball player
- 1975 - Daron Malakian, American guitarist (System of a Down)
- 1978 - Ben Sheets, baseball player
- 1980 - Kristen Bell, American actress
- 1982 - Priyanka Chopra, Indian actress and Miss World 2000
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- 1968 - Corneille Heymans, Belgian physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
- 1988 - Nico, German-born model and singer (b. 1938)
- 1989 - Donnie Moore, baseball player (suicide) (b. 1954)
- 1990 - Yoon Boseon, President of South Korea (b. 1897)
- 1995 - Fabio Casartelli, Italian cyclist (b. 1970)
- 2001 - James Hatfield, American author
- 2001 - Fabio Taglioni, Italian automotive engineer (b. 1920)
- 2002 - Victor Emery, British theoretical physicist (b. 1933)
- 2004 - Paul Foot, British journalist (b. 1937)
- 2005 - William Westmoreland, U.S. Army general (b. 1914)
Holidays and observances
- Uruguay - Constitution Day
- Japan - Marine Day (3rd Monday of July, 2005)
- United States - National Ice Cream Day and National Caviar Day.
1955, Teresa Ann Savoy, Great Britain, actress
External links
July 17 - July 19 - June 18 - August 18 -- listing of all days