Jump to content

2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by AnonymousMDV (talk | contribs) at 20:51, 25 July 2024 (→Outside Bangladesh). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For other uses, see Bangladesh quota reform movement.

2024 Bangladesh Quota Reform Movement
Part of Bangladesh quota reform movement
Police blockade a mass procession
A male student wearing shackles carrying a sign saying "Break down the shackles of those quotas" (ভেঙ্গে ফেল ঐ কোটার শিকল)
A female student carrying a sign reading "Quota or merit? Merit! Merit!" (কোটা না, মেধা? মেধা! মেধা!)
Student demonstrations in Shahbagh, Dhaka in July 2024
Date
  • First phase: 6–9 June 2024 (3 days)
  • Second phase: 1 July 2024 – present (5 months and 3 weeks)
Location
Bangladesh and abroad
Caused byReinstatement of the pre-2018 quota system in government jobs through the declaration of the 2018 government circular as illegal by the Bangladesh High Court.
GoalsSee the § Demands section
Methods
StatusOngoing:
Parties


Pro-quota counter protesters
  • Bangladesh Muktijuddha Mancha[11]
Lead figures

Collective leadership

Casualties and losses
Deaths: 203+ protesters[a](including Abu Sayed)[28] and 1 Chatra Dal activist[29]

Injuries: ~11,000+ (including children)[b]

Arrests: 2500+[45]
Deaths: 1 Chhatra League activist,[46][47] 3 policemen and 1 ansar[48]

Injuries: Many[quantify] Chhatra League activists[49] and 150+ policemen[50]
Deaths: 3 civilians[29][51][27] and 1 journalist[52]

Injuries: 25+ journalists[53][54]

Arrests: 2500+[55]

The 2024 Bangladesh Quota Reform Movement is an ongoing anti-government[62][63][64] protest in Bangladesh, spearheaded by the students of public and private universities. Initially focused on restructuring the traditional quota-based system for government job recruitment, the movement expanded after the government killed more than a hundred protestors and civilians.[65][66][67][68][69]

It began when the Supreme Court of Bangladesh ruling in June 2024 revived a 30% quota for descendants of freedom fighters, reversing a 2018 reform. Students felt this limited opportunities based on merit. The protest, which initially began as a response to the quota system and was confined to university campuses, quickly spread throughout the entire country because of the government's heavy-handed violent response, as well as the public's dissatisfaction stemming from enduring oppression under what many perceive as an authoritarian government. The situation was further complicated by several other ongoing issues, like - the government's inability to manage a prolonged economic downturn and the absence of democratic channels for initiating change.

The Awami League government accused the protest of being hijacked by political opponents, mainly BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami, seeking to destabilize the country. The government attempted to suppress the protest by closing all educational institutions, using their student wing - the Chhatra League - against the protestors, deploying police and border guards, and ultimately declaring a nationwide shoot-at-sight curfew.[65][34][70][71] The army was deployed across the country, amid an unprecedented nationwide internet blackout that has effectively isolated Bangladesh from the rest of the world.[72][73] Varied numbers of deaths have been reported. As of July 24, the death toll is estimated 197+ and more than 20 thousand others injured,[74] accompanied by 2,580 arrests in various parts of the country.[75][76][77] The movement remains ongoing as it has expanded its demands to include accountability for violence, resignation of government officials, and reform of student unions.[78]

Background

Further information: Quota system of Bangladesh Civil Service

After the High Court verdict was published on 5 June 2024, students of various universities in Dhaka united to demand quota reform. After the movement was initially started, it was postponed due to Eid and summer holidays. After the holidays, the agitation started again peacefully but gradually became widespread. Initially the students and teachers of public universities including University of Dhaka, Jagannath University, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Jahangirnagar University, University of Chittagong, University of Rajshahi, Comilla University, Islamic University and other educational institutions joined the movement.[79] Later, the students of private universities including North South University, Independent University Bangladesh, BRAC University, American International University-Bangladesh, United International University, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Southeast University and Varendra University also followed suit by joining the public demonstration.[80] Under the banner of Anti-discrimination Students' Movement, students started the Bangla Blockade. During the movement, the Appellate Division issued a status quo for four weeks on 10 July, cancelling the freedom fighter quota. Reacting to the court verdict, the students said they are seeking a final solution to the quota issue from the government, claiming the movement has nothing to do with the court. The protest also affected the domestic train and road transportation networks.[81][82]

The protests started in response to a verdict by the High Court division on 5 June 2024, which declared the 2018 government circular cancelling the 30% quota for freedom fighters' descendants in government jobs, illegal.[83][84] The circular was issued in the wake of the 2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement.[85][86]

After the court decision, online activism started against the verdict, along with calls for "another 2018". Initial protests were staged in early-June, mainly concentrated in the capital Dhaka, but were later discontinued due to Eid-ul-Adha and summer holidays. After the holiday, peaceful demonstrations by the students restarted on 1 July, while public university teachers declared a strike protesting the new Universal Pension Scheme,[87] causing universities to close. Demonstrations spread nationwide as the movement became headed by a newly organised Boishommobirodhee Chhatro Andolon (Template:Lang-bn, lit. 'Anti-discrimination Students' Movement'), an umbrella organisation for the student protesters. On 7 July, protestors started the nationwide Bangla Blockade, organising traffic and rail obstruction with demonstrations in major cities and metropolises such as Dhaka, Chittagong, Cumilla, Jessore, Rangpur and Rajshahi.[88] While the Appellate Division ordered a four-week status quo regarding the quota on 10 July, protests continued and demanded a solution from the government.[89] Protests turned violent for the first time the next day as the police clashed with the students. On 14 July, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina made controversial remarks, escalating the situation. On 15 July, the ruling Awami League solidified its stance against the demonstrations, and the protestors met violent suppression from the Chhatra League, leaving several hundred injured.[90][91][92]

Demands

The Anti-discrimination Students' Movement has put forward the following demands to the government:[93][94]

  • Cancellation of the existing quota system for government jobs.
  • Provision of the quota at fair rates to minority groups and disabled people.
  • Passing a new law in the parliament which establishes a new quota system for a maximum of 5% of total jobs.

Timeline

Student carrying a protest sign written "কোটা একটি ভিক্ষা; মুক্তি পাক শিক্ষা" (lit. 'Quota is an alm; education be freed').
File:Anti-quota protester at Kuril, Dhaka.jpg
An anti-quota protester carrying a protest sign written "আমার ভাইয়ের রক্তে রাঙানো ১৫ জুলাই, আমরা কিভাবে ভুলে যাই? কোটা মুক্ত দেশ চাই!" (lit. 'My brothers' blood spattered 15 July, how can we forget? Wants a quota-free country!').
RAB Bell 407 helicopter shooting at protesters during the protest.

5 June – 9 July

On 5 June, the High Court reinstated the job quota that reserves 30% of the civil service posts for the children and grandchildren of freedom fighters in the Bangladesh Liberation War.[95]

Six universities performed peaceful protests against the quota ruling.[96]

Due to the Eid ul Adha vacation, the protest calmed down, until the holiday ended.[97]

On 7 July, students staged a blockade, and demanded the rescinding of the quota.[98]

10 July

In University of Dhaka at approximately 11:00 AM, a protest march commenced in front of the library, passed by the Raju Memorial Sculpture, and culminated in the blockage of the Shahbagh intersection.[99] Members of the law and order forces positioned barricades in front of the students. In the afternoon, it is known that the status quo has been given for four weeks in the judgement given by the High Court cancelling the quota system. The Chief Justice asked the students to go back. Dhaka's transport system came to a standstill due to the blockade in various parts of Dhaka. Long-distance buses were stopped due to the agitation.[100]

Police attacked protesting students of Comilla University.[101]

11 July

The blockade in Shahbagh[102] was supposed to start from 03:00 PM but due to rain, the students crossed the police barricade on their way to Shahbagh and started at 04:30 PM. Dhaka College students retreated due to police barricades and Dhaka University students joined the students of Jagannath University at Shahbagh. Apart from Shahbagh, other places in Dhaka were unaffected by the movement. At 09:00 PM, the students ended their agitation and announced a protest march and rally on 12 July to protest the police attack on them.[100]

12 July

At 05:00 PM, students gathered at Shahbagh and staged a blockade.[103]

While students were protesting at Comilla Victoria College, a group of Chhatra League members launched an attack. During the situation, a student who was recording a video was taken to a hall and beaten by the Chhatra League members.[104]

13 July

Students protested by blocking the railway tracks in Rajshahi.[105] In Dhaka, DU students held a press conference in the evening, where they complained that attempts were being made to block the students' movement with lawsuits.[106]

14 July

Students marched in Dhaka and held a sit-in protest and blockade, later submitting a memorandum to President Mohammed Sahabuddin.[107]

In response to the controversial statement allegedly made by the Prime Minister of Bangladesh during a press conference, where she reportedly referred to students protesting the quota reform movement as the children of Rajakars (traitors in the 1971 Independence War), students organized a midnight demonstration at the Dhaka University campus area. Female students from Rokeya Hall joined the protest by breaking the lock put up by the authorities at the dorm gate.[108]

The government instructed operators to shut down the 4G network in the University of Dhaka area.[109] At around 11:30 PM, leaders and members of the Bangladesh Chhatra League attacked protesters at the University of Chittagong[110] injuring 13 protesters.[111]

15 July

The attacks against the protesters began soon after the ruling Awami League general secretary said on Monday that the Bangladesh Chhatra League, the student wing of the ruling party, was ready to give a fitting reply to quota protesters for their 'arrogant behaviour.'[112]

In Jessore at around 12:00 pm, students from Jessore University of Science and Technology and Michael Madhusudan College staged a protest, where a member of the Chhatra League attacked and injured a protester.[113]

In Dhaka, Members of the Chhatra League started their procession to Shahbagh from Segunbagicha near Motsho Bhobon at around 03:45 PM.[114]

Later in the evening, Chhatra League members attacked students inside Bijoy Ekattor Hall of Dhaka University, where some of the attackers were seen shooting with pistols and carrying sticks.[115] In response, the protesters also threw brickbats from the inside of the hall to retaliate.[116] While covering the protest in the University of Dhaka, two journalists from The Daily Star and Prothom Alo were assaulted and injured in the attack carried out by the Chhatra League.[117][114]

At 5:30 pm, members of the Chhatra League attempted to attack the emergency department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, where over 200 students injured in the clashes were seeking treatment.[118][119] After several attempts throughout the afternoon, Chhatra League members, some wearing helmets, forcibly entered DMCH around 7:30 PM and initiated an attack. Many were observed carrying rods and Chinese axes.[120] They targeted students already injured in the quota reform movement and vandalized several ambulances parked at DMCH.[121]

Later the same evening, an attack carried out by the Chhatra League Rajshahi branch at Rajshahi University left six students injured, including the joint convenor of the Bangladesh Students Union at RU.[122]

In Comilla, The CoU coordinator of the anti-discrimination student movement was assaulted at around 8:00 pm when eight Chhatra League members called him to check his phone and beat him.[123]

The protesters called for nation-wide demonstrations and rallies in all educational institutions of the country at 03:00 pm on 16 July.[124]

16 July

At around 12:15 am, members of the Chhatra League attacked Jahangirnagar University students using firearms. The students took shelter at the vice-chancellor's residence after breaking its lock.[125] Around 300 Chhatra League members, armed with GI pipes and sticks, threw bricks and glass bottles at the students. Shots were reportedly fired, injuring two journalists, including one from Dhaka Tribune and over 50 student protesters.[126]

Police arrived to control the situation, while both groups positioned themselves outside the vice-chancellor's residence. Students claimed the attackers included outsiders, some in their forties.[127] Later on, the sub-inspector of the Ashulia Police Department instead decided to blame the students by stating that the protesters are to blame for causing "this mayhem".[128]

A violent incident involving police and students demanding quota reforms took place in front of Begum Rokeya University in Rangpur between 2:30 PM and 3:00 PM. Police resorted to lathi charges and firing during the incident. According to Dr. Md. Yunus Ali, Director of Rangpur Medical College Hospital, a Begum Rokeya University student named Abu Sayed died after being brought to the hospital with gunshot wounds.[129]

At around 3:30 PM, it was reported that in the Farmgate–Khamabari area, Chhatra League assailants attacked protestors with sticks. When the protestors took shelter in the Farmgate metro station, the assailants entered and started to beat the students, which was witnessed by passengers. Police were allegedly deployed to control the situation.[130] However, DMTCL, the authority responsible for the operation for the Dhaka Metro Rail, denied these claims and stated that guards of the station drove the "miscreants" away as they entered with bamboo sticks. They also stated that there was no damage to the station. However, they announced plans to close some of the gates of the station complex for some time to prevent the recurrence of such incidents.[131]

As students at public universities were forcefully vacated, students from various schools, colleges, and private universities joined the cause. They protested and blocked roads against the violence of the Chhatra League in the quota reform movement, including Notre Dame College, Dhaka Residential Model College, RAJUK Uttara Model College, Adamjee Cantonment College, Viqarunnisa Noon School and College, Ideal School and College, Ideal College, Dhaka City College, BAF Shaheen College Dhaka, BAF Shaheen College Kurmitola, Birshrestha Noor Mohammad Public College, Birshrestha Munshi Abdur Rauf Public College, PrimeAsia University, United International University, BRAC University, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dania College, Dr. Mahbubur Rahman Mollah College, State University of Bangladesh, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology, Daffodil International University, North South University, American International University Bangladesh, Independent University, Bangladesh, Eastern University, City University, East West University, Southeast University, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology, Manarat International University and many others.[132][133][134][135]

Students of North South University, Independent University Bangladesh and BRAC University protested at and around their respective premises areas at Bashundhara Residential Area and Merul Badda with the blockade set up by the students extending up to Baridhara, the streets in front of the Jamuna Future Park mall, the largest mall in the country, Notun Bazar, Badda, and Kuril, causing gridlock to its neighbouring areas as well, including Rampura, Banasree, Badda Link Road and Abul Hotel area in Malibagh. Students of Primeasia University blocked the Banani area. Students of Notre Dame College protested in the country's main financial hub and the largest central business district of Motijheel at Shapla Square. Students of Daffodil International University also made an attempt to start a demonstration at the road, but instead protested on-campus. Students of other universities and colleges also joined the protests. Protests also took place in Dhanmondi, specifically in front of the Science Laboratory area and in Uttara. Gridlocks were also experienced at places like Mohammadpur, Dhanmondi, Mirpur Road, and Gabtoli.[136][137][138]

Students blocked railway lines in Chattogram and Mohakhali.[139] The Dhaka–Chattogram,[140] Dhaka–Barisal,[141] Dhaka–Rajshahi[142] and Dhaka–Tangail highways were also blocked.[143]

In the evening, the Ministry of Education announced the indefinite closure of schools and colleges[144][145] and the postponing of the HSC exam scheduled for 18 July.[146]

The UGC declared that all public and private universities across the country will remain closed until further notice.[147] At the same time, all affiliated medical, textile, engineering and other colleges will also remain closed.[148][149] The commission also directed university authorities to vacate residential halls allegedly considering safety of the students.[150]

In remembrance of the fallen, the movement announced a symbolic funeral prayer scheduled for July 17.[151]

17 July

Clashes erupted with police after the funeral prayer program organized by the BNP and other parties to honor six individuals killed on 16 July for the quota reform movement.[152]

The government ordered all students to vacate the residential halls.[153] The protestors rejected the order, to which the authorities deployed police to evacuate the halls.[154][155][156] Students who blocked the Dhaka-Barisal highway announced a total shutdown for 18 July, allowing only emergency services, to protest police violence, demand justice for the deceased, and call for a terror-free campus.[157]

PM Sheikh Hasina addressed the nation at 7:30 pm,[158] where she announced a judicial probe into the deaths during the anti-quota protests and urged patience until the Supreme Court delivers its verdict, emphasizing justice for the students and condemning the violence.[159]

18 July

In the morning police clashed with BRAC University students on the streets of Badda.[160] Police also charged batons and fired tear gas canisters at the students and lobedb tear gas shells at the BRACU campus.[161][162] Dhaka Metro Mirpur-10 station was closed for arson at a foot-overbridge just beneath it.[163] Reports indicated that approximately 30 students were killed by the Bangladesh police.[164]

Minister of Law Anisul Haque conferred with the Attorney General about appealing to the court for a hearing of the case on July 21.[165] He urged the students to withdraw their movement.[166] Subsequently, students stormed the headquarters of the state-owned television network, Bangladesh Television, and committed an arson attack. The network halted its transmissions following the attack.[167][168][169][170]

The Bangladesh Police, RAB, Bangladesh Bank, Bangladesh Prime Minister's Office and Bangladesh Chhatra League's official website was hacked by a pro-protester group[171] as a response to the violence and attacks carried out by the police and the Chhatra League.[172][173]

At around 9 pm, the government shut down internet access across the entire country.[174]

19 July

The Dhaka Metropolitan Police, in an attempt to hinder the students' protests, announced the indefinite suspension of public gatherings and processions.[175] The Bangladesh Railway authorities, on orders from higher-ups in the government, directed train services between Dhaka and the rest of the country to shut down to prevent quota reform protestors from using trains to travel or form gatherings, according to several unnamed railway supervisors speaking with Prothom Alo.[176] The nationwide shutdown of Internet access begun on 18 July continued into 19 July.[177]

Throughout the country, calls for quota reform protests largely continued. Around 10:00 a.m., teachers at Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology wore black face coverings in protest.[178] At approximately 12:45 p.m., after protesters in Kishoreganj District's Bhairab Thana surrounded the police station, police fired into the crowd from within the station, injuring over a hundred students.[179]

Some clashes with the police also took place elsewhere, including in Uttara, Mohammadpur, and Badda thanas of Dhaka.[180]

In Narsingdi, quota reform protesters stormed a prison and released hundreds of inmates before setting the facility on fire.[181]

The government imposed a curfew and deployed troops nationwide.[182]

At midnight, a meeting took place between three government representatives and three representatives of the protesters: Sarjis Alam, Hasnat Abdullah, and Tanvir Ahmed.[183] Notably, Sarjis Alam was a member of the Chhatra League and participated in the 2019 DUCSU election as a candidate from the Chhatra League.[184]

20 July

At midnight, Nahid Islam, a quota reform movement coordinator, was allegedly taken from a friend's house in Nandipara, according to his father.[185] After being released on 21 July, Nahid reported being blindfolded, handcuffed, and tortured before regaining consciousness in Purbachal.[186]

21 July

The Appellate Division of Supreme Court ordered an overhaul to the quota reservation system. It increased merit appointments in the civil service to 93% and reduced slots allotted for descendants of veterans of the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War to 5%, with the remainder going to ethnic minorities, the disabled and third gender people.[187][188][189] Despite the ruling, student protesters pledged to continue demonstrating for other demands such as the release of people imprisoned during the protests and the resignations of officials deemed responsible for the violence that occurred with it.[190][191]

22 July

The Anti-discrimination Students' Movement organisation announced that it was suspending protests for two days, while demanding that the government lift the curfew, restore internet and stop targeting student protesters.[192]

23 July

The public administration ministry published a gazette notification[58][60] in line with the Supreme Court verdict on the quota system in government jobs.[193][194][195] Law minister Anisul Huq said the new quota system will be followed while recruiting employees directly in all government, semi-government, autonomous and semi-autonomous institutions, statutory bodies and different corporations.[196][61][59]

The Malaysian government repatriated 123 of its nationals following the violence.[197]

At night, ICT Minister Zunaid Ahmed Palak announced that the government would restore broadband internet to banks, business organizations, export sectors, and selected areas after a five-day disruption.[198]

The "Students Against Discrimination" organisation extended the suspension of protests for 48 hours.[199]

24 July

The curfew restrictions were eased with a relaxation of seven hours, allowing banks, factories and offices to reopen as the protests started calming down. Broadband internet services were meanwhile partially restored, although social media websites continued to be blocked.[200][201]

25 July

The government issued another relaxation of the curfew for seven hours.[202]

Razakar remarks

Students of the University of Rajshahi using the Razakar slogans at 11:30pm on 14 July 2024

On 14 July, Prime minister Sheikh Hasina said:

If the grandchildren of freedom fighters don't get quota benefits, will those then go to the grandchildren of the Razakars? That's my question, the countrymen's question.

Razakars were a paramilitary force during the Bangladesh Liberation War which collaborated with the Pakistani forces to halt the independence of Bangladesh. In modern Bangladesh, the term razakar is used as a pejorative, meaning "traitor" or "collaborator", similar to the usage of "Quisling" in the Western World.

In response to the Prime Minister's comment, in the early hours of 15 July 2024 students began using slogans such as "তুমি কে, আমি কে? রাজাকার, রাজাকার! কে বলেছে, কে বলেছে? স্বৈরাচার, স্বৈরাচার!"[c] (lit. 'Who are you? Who am I? A Razakar, a Razakar! Who has said it? Who has said it? The Autocrat, the Autocrat!'),[203] "এক, দুই, তিন, চার, আমরা হলাম রাজাকার" (lit. 'One, two, three, four, we are all Rajakars')[204] and "চাইতে গেলাম অধিকার, হয়ে গেলাম রাজাকার!"[d] (lit. 'Sought for rights, got turned into a Razakar!').[205][206] The protesters argued that the Prime Minister's statement indirectly labelled them as "Razakars" and demeaned them for advocating for quota reform,[204] which led them to adopt the slogan.[207]

The Bangladesh Chhatra League threatened that any protester using these slogans would face consequences, as they viewed these actions as offensive to the spirit of the liberation war and freedom fighters. It also announced plans to take action if the usage of these slogans continued.[208][209] Social Welfare Minister Dipu Moni stated that the protesters should not have the right to hold the flag of Bangladesh.[210] In light of these events, the Prime Minister questioned the education of the protesters.[211]

Supreme Court verdict

The Appellate Division of Supreme Court orders 93% recruitment in government jobs to be based on merit and 5% to be reserved for the children of freedom fighters, martyred freedom fighters and Biranganas, 1% for the ethnic minorities and 1% for the third gender and the disabled people,[212][213] with the public administration ministry publishing a gazette notification in line with the Supreme Court verdict.[60][59][61]

Aftermath

In response to the Chhatra League attacks, student protesters at Rajshahi University vandalized halls, targeting the room of President of RU Chhatra League and other members associated with the group.[214] The protesters in Dhaka University removed Chhatra League members from 11 different halls and declared a ban on the organization.[215] At other universities across the country, students expelled Chhatra League members from their campuses,[216] with some members in Chattogram even being thrown from rooftops by angry protesters.[217] These actions led to many campuses independently declaring themselves "Chhatra League Free".[218]

Casualties and damages

Casualties

Student protesters wounded by police shotgun firing during the protest.

As of 18 July 2024, more than 150 fatalities have been reported nationwide due to the attacks and violence carried out by Chhatra League and Bangladesh Police.[219][220] In addition, over 6000 students, civilians and children have been injured.[citation needed]

17 July

6 people were reported killed on 17 July: Md. Shahjahan, a 25-year-old hawker from the New Market area;[221] Md. Farooq, a 32-year-old employee of a furniture shop; Md. Wasim Akram, a 22-year-old student of the Sociology Department at Chittagong College and an activist of Chatra Dal;[222] Faisal Ahmed Shanto, a 24-year-old student of Omargani M.E.S. College;[223] Sabuj Ali, a 25-year-old member of the Chhatra League and a student of Dhaka College;[46][224] and most notably, Abu Sayed, a 25-year-old student of the Department of English at Begum Rokeya University.[225][226]

18 July

At least eleven people were reported killed on 18 July,[220] of which only three of which have had their names released: Siyam, an 18-year old worker at a battery shop in Gulistan;[27] Dipta Dey, a 21-year-old second year student of Madaripur Government College;[227] and Farhan Faiyaz, a 17-year-old student of Dhaka Residential Model College.[228]

Another four were killed in a clash between the police at Uttara, including two students of Northern University,[229][230] while one was killed in Narsingdi in a clash between police and students.[230]

Damages

The movement resulted in huge damage of various state properties in Bangladesh. According to a report by Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha, at least thirty major state establishments experienced arson and severe damage.[231] State-owned Bangladesh Television headquarters building was vandalized and set on fire, which interrupted the broadcast of the channel.[1][231] The Department of Disaster Management building was also set on fire that badly damaged the cables of data centres that snaped the internet connections countrywide.[231] Arsons also occurred the toll stations of Dhaka Elevated Expressway and Mayor Mohammad Hanif Flyover,[231] and two Dhaka Metro stations, including the Mirpur-10 station.[163]

According to Bangladesh Police, 235 police infrastructures and 281 vehicles were vandalized and set on fire.[232]

The protests and countrywide curfew impacted negatively to the economy of Bangladesh. The economy witnessed losses amounting to more than $1.2 billion.[233] Country's ready-made garments, steelmaking, pharmaceuticals, ceramics and outsourcing and e-commerce industry suffered from a huge loss.[233]

Reactions

Domestic

Support

Bangladesh's largest opposition party, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, denounced the Chhatra League attacks on the protesters.[234] The Left Democratic Alliance also denounced the suppressions saying that "The government is delivering provocative speeches instead of recognizing logical changes in the quota system".[235]

Thirty eminent citizens of the country condemned the loss of lives in violent clashes during the protests.[236] Non-governmental organization Transparency International Bangladesh also denounced the suppressions.[237]

Additionally, the US Embassy in Bangladesh issued an alert for its citizens living in the country to avoid demonstrations and exercise caution in the vicinity of any large gatherings.[238] The embassy was later closed due to the escalating situation.[239]

Oppose

Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, a renowned Bangladeshi litterateur and former professor at SUST, remarked about the protests that he would never liked to visit Dhaka University again because he would see the Razakars in the students and added that he did not want to see the Razakars again in his lifetime.[240] This statement sparked controversy among the supporters and the participants in the quota reform movement. Many online bookshops, including Rokomari.com, declared not to sell or promote his literary works anymore and removed his books for purchasing from their websites.[241] In reaction, the students at SUST also declared him unwanted at their institution.[242]

International

Organisations

Human Rights Watch urged the Bangladeshi government to end the crisis, punish those committing serious crimes, and protect protesting students. They also called for increased scrutiny of Bangladeshi security forces by the UK and the EU.[255]

The All India Students Association denounced the violence and expressed their solidarity with student protesters.[256] The Awami Ittehad Party also condemned the violence and urged safety for the Indian nationals residing there.[257]

Amnesty International condemned the attacks against protesters and called on the government "to immediately guarantee the safety of all peaceful protesters and proper treatment of all those injured".[258][259][243]

Ma Thida, Chair of PEN International's Writers in Prison Committee, condemned the violence and called on the Bangladesh government to protect journalists and ensure their freedom of expression.[260][261]

International Federation for Human Rights and Odhikar urged the government to investigate the law enforcement crackdown and hold officers accountable for unnecessary or disproportionate force. They also called for an immediate, independent investigation into attacks on protesters by BCL members.[262]

Célia Mercier, Head of Reporters Without Borders's South Asia Desk, demanded that those responsible for the violent attacks on journalists be identified and brought to justice immediately. She also called on authorities to guarantee the safety of journalists and the right to information.[263]

The digital civil rights NGO Access Now urged the government for unrestricted internet access and transparency during disruptions, with service providers giving prior notification and explanations to users.[264]

Outside Bangladesh

In India, the All India Democratic Students Organisation staged a protest in Kolkata in support of the Bangladeshi students.[265][266][267]

The Bangladeshi diaspora in Italy, Canada, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, and the Maldives protested in solidarity with the protesters in Bangladesh.[268][269][270] [271]

In the UAE, the demonstration by the Bangladeshi labours also opposed the suppression of protesters, however, several of them were charged in relation for holding protests and violating the UAE's laws against public demonstrations.[272] Following a trial on 21 July, three defendants were sentenced to life imprisonment for "rioting", while 54 others received sentences ranging from 10 to 11 years and were ordered to be deported upon release.[273][274] Human Rights Watch condemned the arresting of Bangladeshi labours, citing the country's restrictive laws and labor conditions as violations of human rights.[275]

In The Maldives, A group of Bangladeshi labours staged a protest in Southern Huvadhoo Atoll of Thinadhoo last Friday affirming support for the recent protest in Bangladesh however The Ministry of Homeland Security & Technology (ie. Ministry of Home Affairs) of the Maldives has decided to detain and deport the expatriates who were involved in staging a protest in Thinadhoo island. The Ministry’s Spokesperson Fathimath Rifath told Sun Siyam Media that expatriate workers in the Maldives are barred from political involvement in such an act, amounted to a visa violation. [276]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]
  2. ^ [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]
  3. ^ In some version, সরকার (lit. 'Government') is used instead of স্বৈরাচার (lit. 'Autocrat').[citation needed]
  4. ^ In some version, চেয়েছিলাম is used instead of চাইতে গেলাম but the meaning remains unchanged.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ a b BBC News বাংলা (18 July 2024). রামপুরা রণক্ষেত্র, বিটিভি ভবনে আগুন, সবশেষ পরিস্থিতি।BBC Bangla (in Bengali). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via YouTube.
  2. ^ "BNP lends support to anti-quota, pension protests". The Daily Star. 6 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  3. ^ "BNP morally supports protests over pension scheme, quota system: Fakhrul". The Financial Express. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  4. ^ "GM Quader extends support to quota reform protesters". Prothom Alo. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  5. ^ প্রতিনিধি, বিশেষ (5 July 2024). "Kōṭā ō pēnaśanabirōdhī āndōlanē bānlādēśa jāsadēra samarthana" কোটা ও পেনশনবিরোধী আন্দোলনে বাংলাদেশ জাসদের সমর্থন [Support of Bangladesh Jasd in anti-quota and anti-pension movement]. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  6. ^ Hasnat, Saif; Das, Anupreeta (16 July 2024). "Bangladesh Deploys Border Force to Try to Quell Student Protests". The New York Times.
  7. ^ "Govt deploys BGB troops in 4 districts". Daily Sun. 16 July 2024.
  8. ^ "Bangladesh deploys army to face down massive job quota protests". Reuters. 20 July 2024.
  9. ^ "Bangladesh army enforces curfew as student-led protests spiral". NBC News. 20 July 2024.
  10. ^ "কোটা সংস্কার আন্দোলনকারীদের রুখে দেওয়ার ঘোষণা যুবলীগের". Kalbela (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  11. ^ "Pro-quota groups suspend program after 2-hour sit-in". Dhaka Tribune. 10 July 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  12. ^ "None to be spared for committing subversive acts: Home minister". Prothom Alo. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  13. ^ "Chātradēra matabirōdha halē'i bākabitaṇḍā haẏa, sē rakama'i kichu kichu jāẏagāẏa hacchē: Sbarāṣṭramantrī" ছাত্রদের মতবিরোধ হলেই বাকবিতণ্ডা হয়, সে রকমই কিছু কিছু জায়গায় হচ্ছে: স্বরাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী [When students have disagreements, there are arguments, it is happening in some places: Home Minister]. The Daily Star Bangla (in Bengali). 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  14. ^ "Palak issues final warning, blames Facebook for misinformation". The Business Post. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  15. ^ "BCL ready to face those trying to politicise quota protests: Saddam". The Daily Star. 11 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  16. ^ "BCL unleashes fury on quota protesters". The Daily Star. 16 July 2024.
  17. ^ "Death toll rises to 202 as 1 more dies under treatment". Prothom Alo. 25 July 2024.
  18. ^ Correspondent, Staff (25 July 2024). "How the quota reform movement unfolds". Prothom Alo. Retrieved 25 July 2024. {{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  19. ^ "Death toll in Bangladesh riots surpasses 150". Tass. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  20. ^ "Bangladesh protests death toll nears 180, with more than 2,500 people arrested after days of unrest - CBS News". CBS News.
  21. ^ "Protesters storm prison in Bangladesh, death toll from anti-quota clashes tops 100". France 24. 19 July 2024.
  22. ^ "Bangladesh under curfew, blackout as over 100 killed in anti-quota protests". WION. 20 July 2024.
  23. ^ "Bangladesh imposes shutdown as death toll from student protests mounts". Al Jazeera. 20 July 2024.
  24. ^ প্রতিবেদক, নিজস্ব (16 July 2024). "Chātralīga–puliśēra saṅgē āndōlanakārīdēra saṅgharṣē nihata 5" ছাত্রলীগ–পুলিশের সঙ্গে আন্দোলনকারীদের সংঘর্ষে নিহত ৫ [5 were killed in the clash between BCL and the police]. Prothomalo (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  25. ^ "11 people killed across the country till now".
  26. ^ "Another life lost in BCL-student clash in Ctg, death toll now 3". The Daily Star. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  27. ^ a b c "One 'shot to death' during clashes at Shonir Akhra as quota reform protests rage on". THE BUSINESS STRANDARD. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  28. ^ "Student in Rangpur killed during protesters' clash with police". The Daily Star. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  29. ^ a b "Quota reform: 3 killed in Chittagong Chhatra League-protester clash". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  30. ^ "350 injured as BCL attacks quota protesters". New Age. 16 July 2024. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024.
  31. ^ "Āhata 297 jana ḍhākā mēḍikēlē cikiṯsā nēna" আহত ২৯৭ জন ঢাকা মেডিকেলে চিকিৎসা নেন [297 injured people were treated at Dhaka Medical]. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 15 July 2024.
  32. ^ "Clash involving BCL, around 250 quota protesters injured". www.dailymessenger. 15 July 2024.
  33. ^ "Clash involving BCL, quota protesters leave around 250 injured". UNB. 15 July 2024.
  34. ^ a b "Bangladesh students clash in job quota protests, at least 100 injured". Reuters. 15 July 2024.
  35. ^ "At least 100 wounded as Bangladesh students protest government job quotas". Al jazeera. 15 July 2024.
  36. ^ "More than 400 injured in Bangladesh job quota rally clashes". Barron's. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  37. ^ "ফেনীতে শিক্ষার্থীদের বিক্ষোভে ছাত্রলীগের হামলা, পুলিশসহ আহত ২০". Jamuna TV (in Bengali). Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  38. ^ "মুন্সিগঞ্জে পুলিশের উপস্থিতিতে ছাত্রলীগের হামলা, আহত-৫". Jamuna TV (in Bengali). Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  39. ^ "Several injured as violent clashes erupt at Barishal University". The business standard. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  40. ^ "Quota reform movement: 21 injured receive treatment at DMCH". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  41. ^ "ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়ায় শিক্ষার্থীদের সাথে ছাত্রলীগের সংঘর্ষ, ওসিসহ আহত ২০=". Jamuna TV (in Bengali). Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  42. ^ "Quota movement: 70 injured as clash breaks out in JU". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  43. ^ "Violence erupts in Dhaka over quota protests; 50 injured". The Financial Express. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  44. ^ "Child among six shot during Shanir Akhra clash following police attack". BDNews24. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  45. ^ Express, The Financial. "Violence arrest total passes 2,500: AFP". The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  46. ^ a b "AL holds funeral of BCL's Dhaka College activist". Daily Sun. 17 July 2024.
  47. ^ "ঢাকায় সংঘর্ষে নিহত সবুজ আলী ছাত্রলীগের সদস্য, জানাজায় আ. লীগ নেতারা". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 17 July 2024.
  48. ^ "সহিংসতায় ৩ পুলিশ ও ১ আনসার নিহত, আহত ১১১৭: স্বরাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী". bdnews24 (in Bengali). 23 July 2024.
  49. ^ "বরিশালে আন্দোলনকারীদের সঙ্গে সংঘর্ষ, পুলিশের উপ-কমিশনার রক্তাক্ত". Banglanews24 (in Bengali). 17 July 2024.
  50. ^ "Army patrols streets as Bangladesh police fire on curfew violators". Dawn. 21 July 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  51. ^ "Police inquest attributes 2 deaths in Dhaka to anti-quota protesters". BD News24. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  52. ^ "যাত্রাবাড়ীতে গুলিবিদ্ধ হয়ে সাংবাদিক হাসান মেহেদি নিহত". www.somoyerkonthosor.com (in Bengali). 18 July 2024.
  53. ^ "সাংবাদিকদের ওপর হামলায় সম্পাদক পরিষদের উদ্বেগ". Daily Samakal (in Bengali). Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  54. ^ "Quota movement: Editors' Council expresses deep concern over attacks on journos". Dhaka Tribune. 16 July 2024.
  55. ^ "Bangladesh protests death toll nears 180, with more than 2,500 people arrested after days of unrest". CBS News. 23 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024. Dhaka — The number of arrests in days of violence in Bangladesh passed the 2,500 mark in an AFP tally on Tuesday, after protests over employment quotas sparked widespread unrest.
  56. ^ "Bangladesh's top court scales back government jobs quota after deadly unrest that has killed scores". NBC news. 21 July 2024.
  57. ^ "Bangladesh SC scales back job quota after unrest". The Times of India. 22 July 2024.
  58. ^ a b "নং-০৫.০০.০০০০.১৭০.১১.০১৪.২৪-১৪১।--সরকারি, আধাসরকারি, স্বায়ত্তশাসিত/আধা-স্বায়ত্তশাসিত প্রতিষ্ঠান, স্ব-শাসিত ও সংবিধিবদ্ধ কর্তৃপক্ষের এবং বিভিন্ন কর্পোরেশনের চাকুরিতে/কর্মে সরাসরি নিয়োগের ক্ষেত্রে সরকারের বিদ্যমান কোটা পদ্ধতি সংশোধন". www.dpp.gov.bd (in Bengali). Bangladesh Government Press. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  59. ^ a b c "Gazette notification issued prioritizing merit in govt jobs". United News of Bangladesh. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  60. ^ a b c "সরকারি, আধাসরকারি, স্বায়ত্তশাসিত/আধা-স্বায়ত্তশাসিত প্রতিষ্ঠান, স্ব-শাসিত ও সংবিধিবদ্ধ কর্তৃপক্ষের এবং বিভিন্ন কর্পোরেশনের চাকুরিতে/কর্মে সরাসরি নিয়োগের ক্ষেত্রে সরকারের বিদ্যমান কোটা পদ্ধতি সংশোধন" (PDF) (in Bengali). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2024.
  61. ^ a b c "Law Minister: Notification on reformed quota system issued following apex court verdict". Dhaka Tribune. 24 July 2024.
  62. ^ Shih, Gerry (19 July 2024). "Bangladesh imposes curfew after dozens killed in anti-government protests". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  63. ^ "Drenched in blood - how Bangladesh protests turned deadly". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  64. ^ "Bangladesh wakes to TV, internet blackout as deadly protests spike". France 24. 19 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  65. ^ a b "A Faux Pas by Bangladesh's PM Has Morphed a Small Protest Into a Nationwide Movement". The Wire. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  66. ^ Hasnat, Saif (11 July 2024). "Tens of Thousands of Students Protest Job Quotas in Bangladesh's Streets". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  67. ^ Hasan, Mubashar; Ruud, Arild Engelsen (15 July 2024). "Why is the Bangladesh Government Unable to Quell Ongoing Students Protests?". The Diplomat. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  68. ^ "Bangladeshi protesters demand end to civil service job quotas". The Hindu. 8 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  69. ^ "The Quota Reform Protest In Bangladesh Is Much More Than It Seems". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  70. ^ "Student protests turn deadly in Bangladesh: what's fuelling the fury?". South China Morning Post. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  71. ^ Regan, Helen (19 July 2024). "Bangladesh has erupted over jobs reserved for the children of 'freedom fighters.' Here's what you need to know". CNN. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  72. ^ "Bangladesh to impose curfew, deploy army as protests widen, communications disrupted". Reuters. 19 July 2024.
  73. ^ Ramachandran, Naman (19 July 2024). "Bangladesh Internet in 'Total Shutdown' Amid Student Protests and Dozens of Deaths: 'Things Are Really Turning Bad'". Variety. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  74. ^ https://shohid.info/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  75. ^ "How Bangladesh student protests sparked broader crisis for Hasina government". Middle East Eye. 23 July 2014.
  76. ^ "Bangladesh student protests: Why is the government facing public anger?". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  77. ^ ALAM, Shafiqul. "Bangladesh Arrest Total Passes 2,500: AFP Tally". www.barrons.com. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  78. ^ Alam, Shahidul. "In Bangladesh, protests are no longer about the quota system". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  79. ^ "Universities outside Dhaka also heat up with quota movement". Daily Sun. 15 July 2024.
  80. ^ "Private university students join Quota Reform Movement protests". The Daily Star. 15 July 2024.
  81. ^ "Kōṭā āndōlana: Muktiyōd'dhā kōṭā bahāla karē hā'ikōrṭēra rāẏē sthitābasthā āpila bibhāgēra" কোটা আন্দোলন: মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটা বহাল করে হাইকোর্টের রায়ে স্থিতাবস্থা আপিল বিভাগের [Quota Movement: Muktijoddha upheld the status quo Appellate Division in the judgment of the High Court]. BBC News বাংলা (in Bengali). 10 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  82. ^ Alam, Julhas (16 July 2024). "Violent clashes over government jobs quota system leave scores injured in Bangladesh". AP News.
  83. ^ "What's behind Bangladesh's violent quota protests?". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera. 16 July 2024. Archived from the original on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  84. ^ "Cancellation of 30pc quota for freedom fighters' children in civil service illegal: HC". The Daily Star. 5 June 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  85. ^ "2024 Bangladesh Quota Reform Movement – The Diplomat". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  86. ^ "Violent clashes over government jobs quota system leave scores injured in Bangladesh". ABC News. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  87. ^ "Teachers' protest over pension scheme: No classes, exams at DU for third straight day". The Daily Star. 3 July 2024.
  88. ^ "Deadly unrest over job quotas grips Bangladesh". BBC. No. 17 July 2024.
  89. ^ "Quotas in govt jobs: Protesters won't back down despite SC status quo". The Daily Star. 11 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  90. ^ "100 Injured as Bangladesh Students Clash in Job Quota Protests".
  91. ^ "BCL, quota protesters clash".
  92. ^ "100 injured as Bangladesh student groups clash over job quotas". CNA. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  93. ^ "Bangladesh: Students protest jobs reserved for war heroes' children". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  94. ^ "Blockade to continue tomorrow as students left Shahbagh after 8hrs". Prothomalo. 10 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  95. ^ "What's behind Bangladesh's violent quota protests?". Al Jazeera.
  96. ^ "কোটা পুনর্বহালের প্রতিবাদে ৬ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে বিক্ষোভ". thedailycampus.com.
  97. ^ "Why are students protesting in Bangladesh?". The Indian Express. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  98. ^ "Anti-quota students enforce 'Bangla Blockade', announce one-point demand". 7 July 2024.
  99. ^ "Third day of Bangla Blockade: Students rally at Shahbagh for quota reform". Dhaka Tribune. 10 July 2024.
  100. ^ a b "কোটা সংস্কার আন্দোলনে বুধবার সারাদিন যা হয়েছে". BBC News বাংলা (in Bengali). 10 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  101. ^ "কুমিল্লায় কোটা আন্দোলনকারীদের ওপর পুলিশের হামলা, দুই সাংবাদিক আহত" [Police attacks quota protesters in Cumilla, two journalist injured]. Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  102. ^ "Quota protesters lift Shahbagh blockade after four hours". The Financial Express. 7 July 2024.
  103. ^ "Quota reform: Students again block Shahbagh intersection". Dhaka Tribune. 12 July 2024.
  104. ^ "কোটা আন্দোলনের ভিডিও করায় শিক্ষার্থীকে তুলে নিয়ে বেধড়ক পিটুনি". banglanews24.com (in Bengali). 12 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  105. ^ "রাজশাহীতে ছুটির দিনেও রেলপথ অবরোধ করে বিক্ষোভ করেছে শিক্ষার্থীরা". Pratham Alo (in Bengali). 13 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  106. ^ "'মামলা দিয়ে শিক্ষার্থীদের আন্দোলনে বাধা দেওয়ার চেষ্টা'". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 13 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  107. ^ প্রতিবেদক (14 July 2024). "রাষ্ট্রপতিকে দেওয়া স্মারকলিপিতে যা বলেছেন আন্দোলনকারীরা". Prothomalo (in Bengali). Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  108. ^ "ফেসবুকে পদত্যাগের পোস্ট দিয়ে মুছে ফেললেন ছাত্রলীগ নেতা শ্রাবন". Somoy Tv (in Bengali). 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  109. ^ প্রতিবেদক, নিজস্ব (15 July 2024). "ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ক্যাম্পাসে মোবাইলে ইন্টারনেট সেবা বন্ধ". Prothomalo (in Bengali). Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  110. ^ প্রতিনিধি (15 July 2024). "চট্টগ্রাম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে রাতে কোটা সংস্কার আন্দোলনকারীদের বিক্ষোভে হামলা". Prothomalo (in Bengali). Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  111. ^ "'BCL attacks' hurt 13 CU students". Prothom Alo. 15 July 2024.
  112. ^ "Six killed as clashes erupt all over". 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  113. ^ "Chhatra League men allegedly attack quota reform protesters in Jessore". Dhaka Tribune. 15 July 2024.
  114. ^ a b "Quota protesters announce new programmes for tomorrow as over 320 injured across country in alleged BCL attacks". The Business Standard. 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  115. ^ "Quota reform movement: Clash breaks out at DU Shahidullah Hall". Prothom Alo. 15 July 2024.
  116. ^ "BCL activists lock into clash with quota protesters at DU". www.banglanews24.com. 15 July 2024.
  117. ^ "Two journos injured in 'BCL attack' at DU". The Business Standard. 15 July 2024.
  118. ^ "BCL unleashes fury on quota protesters". The Daily Star. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  119. ^ "Chhatra League activists storm DMCH premises in search of protesters". daily-sun. July 2024.
  120. ^ Saad, Muntakim; Hossain, Sajjad (16 July 2024). "Panic at DMCH emergency as 'BCL men' swoop on demonstrators". The Daily Star.
  121. ^ "DU clash: Injured quota reform protesters attacked again at DMCH". Dhaka Tribune. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  122. ^ "6 RU students injured in 'attack' by BCL activists". The Business Standard. 15 July 2024.
  123. ^ "কুবিতে বৈষম্য বিরোধী আন্দোলনের সমন্বয়কে মারধরের প্রতিবাদে মানববন্ধন". www.dainikamadershomoy.com (in Bengali). 16 July 2024.
  124. ^ "Quota reform protesters announce fresh program". Dhaka Tribune. 15 July 2024.
  125. ^ "Midnight chaos as BCL attacks sit-in at JU". The Daily Star. 16 July 2024.
  126. ^ "Dozens of quota reform protesters injured in night of violence at JU". Dhaka Tribune. 16 July 2024.
  127. ^ "'BCL attacks' JU students with firearms at midnight; students take shelter at VC residence". The Business Standard. 16 July 2024.
  128. ^ "Police blame quota reform activists for causing mayhem at JU". The Business Standard. 16 July 2024.
  129. ^ "Student in Rangpur killed during clash between police and protesters". The Daily Star. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  130. ^ "Attack reported inside Farmgate metro rail station".
  131. ^ "Farmgate Metro Station: Clash between protesters, BCL reported; authorities deny". The Daily Star. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  132. ^ "রাজধানীর বিভিন্ন সড়ক অবরোধ করে শিক্ষার্থীদের বিক্ষোভ". Channel 24 (Bangladeshi TV channel). 16 July 2024.
  133. ^ "Students protesting on the streets of the capital, clashes in Badda". Independent Television (Bangladesh). 16 July 2024.
  134. ^ "এবার রাস্তায় নামলো বেসরকারি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষার্থীরা". Somoy TV (in Bengali). 16 July 2024.
  135. ^ "মিরপুরে বিইউবিটি ও বাংলা কলেজ শিক্ষার্থীদের সড়ক অবরোধ". jagonews24.com (in Bengali). 10 January 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  136. ^ "Quota protests: Private university students block major roads in Dhaka". unb.com.bd. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  137. ^ "Private university students join quota reform movement".
  138. ^ "Private univ students block roads in Dhaka seeking quota reform". dainikshiksha.com. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  139. ^ "Students block railway line in Dhaka". Prothom Alo. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  140. ^ "Quota protest: IIUC students block Ctg-Dhaka highway, railway". The Daily Star. 16 July 2024.
  141. ^ "Students block several points on Dhaka-Barishal Highway". Daily Sun. 16 July 2024.
  142. ^ "Quota reform movement: Students block Rajshahi-Dhaka highway". United News of Bangladesh. 16 July 2024.
  143. ^ "Quota reform protesters block Dhaka-Tangail highway, disrupting traffic". Dhaka Tribune. 16 July 2024.
  144. ^ "Secondary schools, colleges closed indefinitely". The Daily Star. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  145. ^ প্রতিবেদক, বিশেষ (16 July 2024). "সারা দেশে সব স্কুল–কলেজে ক্লাস বন্ধ ঘোষণা". Prothomalo (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  146. ^ "Thursday's HSC, equivalent exams postponed". The Financial Express. 16 July 2024.
  147. ^ "All public, private universities closed indefinitely". The Business Standard. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  148. ^ রিপোর্ট, স্টার অনলাইন (16 July 2024). "সারা দেশে সব বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় বন্ধ ঘোষণা, হল ছাড়ার নির্দেশনা". The Daily Star Bangla (in Bengali).
  149. ^ "Bangladesh shuts universities, colleges indefinitely after protests turn deadly". Hindustan Times. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  150. ^ "UGC: All public, private universities closed indefinitely". Dhaka Tribune. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  151. ^ "Quota Reform Movement: 6 Dead in Clashes, Symbolic Funeral to Be Held Tomorrow". Bangla Blockade. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  152. ^ "BNP-like-minded parties chased each other with police, threw bricks". The Daily Ittefaq. 17 July 2024.
  153. ^ "Quota Reform Movement: PM to address nation Wednesday evening". daily-sun. July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  154. ^ "Quota reform: Won't accept order to vacate DU halls, says coordinator Sarjis". Prothomalo. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  155. ^ "Police greenlighted to clear university halls, no leniency will be given: DB chief Harunor". Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  156. ^ "Nationwide "Complete Shutdown" Announced by Anti-Discrimination Student Movement". Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  157. ^ প্রতিবেদক, নিজস্ব (17 July 2024). "শনির আখড়ায় শিক্ষার্থীদের সঙ্গে পুলিশের সংঘর্ষ, গুলিতে আহত ৬". Prothomalo (in Bengali). Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  158. ^ "PM Hasina to address the nation". 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  159. ^ "PM vows judicial probe of quota protest deaths". www.thereport.live. 17 July 2024.
  160. ^ "Police clash with BRAC University students". The Business Standard. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  161. ^ "Police clash with BRAC University students, lob tear gas shells at campus". The Daily Star. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  162. ^ "10 injured as police fire rubber bullets at BRAC University". The Daily Observer. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  163. ^ a b "Mirpur-10 Fire Causes Metro Rail Shutdown | Fire incident near Mirpur-10 station disrupts metro rail service". The Daily Star. 18 July 2024.
  164. ^ "Bangladesh police have killed about More 30 Students". NAIS.com. 18 July 2024.
  165. ^ "Bangladesh imposes 'shoot-on-sight' order amid deadly protests — Understanding the quota system at the root of conflict". Livemint. 20 July 2024.
  166. ^ প্রতিবেদক, নিজস্ব. "আন্দোলনকারীদের সঙ্গে কোটা সংস্কারের ব্যাপারে নীতিগতভাবে আমরা একমত: আইনমন্ত্রী". Prothomalo (in Bengali). Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  167. ^ Drury, Flora; Ethirajan, Anbarasan (18 July 2024). "Bangladesh issues high security alert as deadly protests escalate". BBC. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  168. ^ "State TV set ablaze, death toll rises as student protests roil Bangladesh". France 24. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  169. ^ Bhattacherjee, Kallol (18 July 2024). "Bangladesh TV goes off air as anti-quota protesters set fire to TV station; mobile internet blocked". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  170. ^ বিটিভি ভবনে হামলা, ভাঙচুর–অগ্নিসংযোগ, সম্প্রচার বন্ধ. Prothom Alo. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  171. ^ "বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংকের ওয়েবসাইট হ্যাকড". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 19 July 2024.
  172. ^ "BCL website hacked, ministry websites inaccessible". Daily Sun. 18 July 2024.
  173. ^ "Widespread telecoms disruptions in Bangladesh as student protests spike". Reuters. 19 July 2024.
  174. ^ Blooms, India. "Bangladesh snaps internet services as anti-quota protests turn violent killing 39".
  175. ^ "রাজধানীতে সব ধরনের সভা-সমাবেশ ও মিছিল নিষিদ্ধ করেছে ডিএমপি". Daily Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  176. ^ "পরবর্তী নির্দেশ না দেওয়া পর্যন্ত সারা দেশে ট্রেন চলাচল বন্ধ". Daily Prothom Alo. 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  177. ^ "দেশজুড়ে বন্ধ ইন্টারনেট পরিষেবা, অগ্নিগর্ভ বাংলাদেশে বাড়ছে হতাহতের সংখ্যা, বাড়ছে উদ্বেগ". aajkaal.in. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  178. ^ "মুখে কালো কাপড় বেঁধে রাজশাহী প্রযুক্তি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষকদের প্রতিবাদ". Daily Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  179. ^ "ভৈরবে থানা ঘেরাও করলেন আন্দোলনকারীরা, গুলি, আহত শতাধিক". Daily Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  180. ^ "রাজধানীর উত্তরা, মোহাম্মদপুর, বাড্ডাসহ বিভিন্ন এলাকায় আন্দোলনকারীদের সঙ্গে পুলিশের সংঘর্ষ". Prothomalo (in Bengali). 19 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  181. ^ "Bangladesh police arrest senior opposition leader, ban rallies in Dhaka amid deadly unrest". France 24. 19 July 2024.
  182. ^ "দেশে কারফিউ সেনা মোতায়েন প্রধানমন্ত্রীর স্পেন সফর বাতিল". dw.com (in Bengali). Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  183. ^ "কোটা আন্দোলনে ঢাকাসহ সারাদেশে ব্যাপক সংঘর্ষ, কারফিউ জারি - BBC News বাংলা" (in Bengali). 20 July 2024. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  184. ^ মোস্তফা, মোহাম্মদ (13 July 2024). "যৌক্তিক আন্দোলনকে প্রশ্নবিদ্ধ করে কথা বললে তা হতাশ করে" [Questioning a Rational Movement is Frustrating]. Prothomalo (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  185. ^ "অভিযোগ নাহিদ ইসলামের 'চোখ বেঁধে তুলে নিয়ে নির্যাতন'". Daily Inqilab (in Bengali). 22 July 2024.
  186. ^ "'চোখ বেঁধে তুলে নিয়ে নির্যাতনের' অভিযোগ কোটা সংস্কার আন্দোলনের নাহিদ ইসলামের". BBC (in Bengali). 22 July 2024.
  187. ^ "Bangladesh's top court rolls back some job quotas after deadly protests".
  188. ^ "Bangladesh's top court scales back 'discriminatory' job quota system after deadly protests".
  189. ^ "Bangladesh Protests: Bangladesh's Supreme Court scraps most job quotas that triggered deadly protests". The Hindu.
  190. ^ "Bangladesh top court scraps most quotas that caused deadly unrest". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  191. ^ "Bangladesh protests: Top court scraps most job quotas after violent unrest".
  192. ^ "Bangladesh Quota Row: Students Pause Protest For 48-Hour, Demand Govt To Lift Curfew". The Times of India. 22 July 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  193. ^ "Govt issues circular cutting all job quotas to 7 per cent".
  194. ^ "Govt issues notification on reformed quota system in public service | News". BSS. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  195. ^ Correspondent, Staff (24 July 2024). "Quota in govt jobs: New system applicable for all grades". The Daily Star. Retrieved 24 July 2024. {{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  196. ^ "Govt issues notification on reformed quota system in public service". July 2024.
  197. ^ "Malaysia evacuates 123 citizens from violence-hit Bangladesh". Associated Press. 23 July 2024.
  198. ^ "Broadband internet is back in Bangladesh after quota protest disruption for 5 days". Bdnews24.com. 23 July 2024.
  199. ^ "Bangladesh Student Leader Extends Protest Suspension For 48 More Hours". Barron's. 23 July 2024.
  200. ^ Paul, Ruma (24 July 2024). "Bangladesh factories, banks reopen as curfew is eased after protests taper off". Reuters. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  201. ^ Alam, Julhas (24 July 2024). "Bangladesh crawls back to normalcy after violent clashes that killed nearly 200 people". The Associated Press. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  202. ^ "Bangladesh relaxes curfew as unrest recedes". Hindustan Times. Agence France-Presse. 25 July 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  203. ^ "Protest erupts at Dhaka University over PM's quota remarks". Dhaka Tribune. 15 July 2024.
  204. ^ a b "Quota protesters call for procession at DU". Daily Sun. 15 July 2024.
  205. ^ "PM's Quota Remark: Late-night protests rock DU, other universities". The Daily Star. 15 July 2024.
  206. ^ "PM's comment: DU students return to halls after protest". The Daily Star. 15 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  207. ^ "Students demand PM withdraw comment on quota reform protesters". Dhaka Tribune. 15 July 2024.
  208. ^ "Quota protesters call demo at 12pm, BCL calls sit-in at 3pm". Prothom Alo. 15 July 2024.
  209. ^ "Why are hundreds of students protesting in Bangladesh?". The Times of India.
  210. ^ "Quota protest: Razakar slogan sparks controversy". Somoy TV. 15 July 2024.
  211. ^ "They don't feel ashamed to call themselves Rajakars: PM". The Business Standard. 15 July 2024.
  212. ^ Das, Anupreeta; Hasnat, Saif (21 July 2024). "Bangladesh Scales Back Policy on Public-Sector Hiring That Sparked Unrest". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  213. ^ "Bangladesh's top court scales back government jobs quota after deadly unrest that has killed scores". Washington Post. 21 July 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  214. ^ "Quota reform: RU Chhatra League leaders room vandalized, 20 motorcycles torched". Dhaka Tribune. 16 July 2024.
  215. ^ "Students announce 'ban' on politics in 11 DU halls". The Business Standard.
  216. ^ "BCL leaders beaten up, forced out of most DU halls overnight". The Daily Star. 17 July 2024.
  217. ^ "15 Chhatra League activists allegedly thrown from six-storey building". Dhaka Tribune.
  218. ^ "6 killed as violence spreads". The Daily Star. 17 July 2024.
  219. ^ "কোটা সংস্কার আন্দোলন: সংঘর্ষে নিহত ৬". RTV (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  220. ^ a b "সারাদেশে সহিংসতায় নিহত ১১" [11 killed in violence across the country]. RTV (in Bengali). Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  221. ^ "রাজধানীতে নিহত একজনের পরিচয় মিলেছে, বের হয়েছিলেন কাজে" [The identity of a person killed in the capital has been found, he went out to work]. Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). 16 July 2024.
  222. ^ "3 killed amid quota protests in Ctg". The Business Standard. 16 July 2024.
  223. ^ "Quota reform protest violence: 6 killed across the country". The Daily Star. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  224. ^ "Man killed near Dhaka College identified as student". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  225. ^ "Student killed in Dhaka amid quota reform protests". The Business Standard. 16 July 2024.
  226. ^ "Six people killed in violent student protests in Bangladesh". ABC News. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  227. ^ "Quota protestor dies after being chased and drowned in Madaripur lake". News Age. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  228. ^ "পুলিশের সঙ্গে সংঘর্ষে নিহত রেসিডেনসিয়াল কলেজের শিক্ষার্থী ফারহান". RTV (in Bengali). Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  229. ^ "উত্তরা, বাড্ডা ও সাভারে সংঘর্ষে নিহত ৪" [4 killed in clashes in Uttara, Badda and Savar]. RTV (in Bengali). Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  230. ^ a b "সারা দেশে সংঘর্ষে অন্তত দশ জনের মৃত্যু" [At least ten people died in clashes across the country]. BBC Bangla (in Bengali). Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  231. ^ a b c d "30 major establishments burned down during 2-day anti-quota protest". Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha. 24 July 2024.
  232. ^ "Quota protest: Police property severely damaged". Dhaka Tribune. 24 July 2024.
  233. ^ a b "Bangladesh curfews, internet blackout batter economy amid quota protests". Al Jazeera. 23 July 2024.
  234. ^ "BNP denounces BCL's attack on anti-quota protestors". The Business Standard. 16 July 2024.
  235. ^ "ক্ষমতাসীনদের উসকানিমূলক বক্তব্যের কারণেই এই সংকট: বাম গণতান্ত্রিক জোট". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 16 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  236. ^ "Quota protest: 30 eminent citizens condemn loss of lives in clashes, demand probe". The Business Standard. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  237. ^ "শিক্ষার্থীদের আন্দোলনে বলপ্রয়োগের নিন্দা টিআইবির". Banik Barta (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  238. ^ "US embassy issues alert for its citizens in Bangladesh". daily-sun. 17 July 2024.
  239. ^ "Demonstration Alert - U.S. Embassy Dhaka, Bangladesh (July 18, 2024)". U.S. Embassy in Bangladesh. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  240. ^ "'I don't want to go to Dhaka University anymore': Author Zafar Iqbal comments amidst ongoing student protests". The Daily Star. 16 July 2024.
  241. ^ "Online bookshops ban Zafar Iqbal over 'controversial' statement". New Age. 17 July 2024.
  242. ^ "Dr Zafar Iqbal declared unwanted at SUST - - observerbd.com". Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  243. ^ a b Hasib, Nurul Islam (16 July 2024). "US condemns attack on quota reform protesters in Bangladesh". bdnews24.com.
  244. ^ "Quota reform protests: Dhaka disappointed by Washington's unverified claims". Dhaka Tribune. 16 July 2024.
  245. ^ "Congressman Andy Kim's Statement Condemning Violence against Student Protestors in Bangladesh". kim.house.gov. 19 July 2024.
  246. ^ "Student protests in Bangladesh, July 2024: FCDO Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State's statement". www.gov.uk. 18 July 2024.
  247. ^ "'তাজা প্রাণগুলো চলে যাচ্ছে', বাংলাদেশ নিয়ে দুঃখপ্রকাশ করে আর কী কী বললেন মমতা?". The Indian Express Bangla (in Bengali). 21 July 2024.
  248. ^ "UN Chief Antonio Guterres expresses concern over violence in Bangladesh". Business Standard. 15 July 2024.
  249. ^ "Quota reform movement: UN urges govt to ensure students' safety". The Daily Star. 17 July 2024.
  250. ^ "Daily Press Briefing by the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General". United Nations. 22 July 2024.
  251. ^ GDC (24 July 2024). "Bangladesh Army General Waker-uz-Zaman Could Face Western Sanctions And International Criminal Court For Deploying UN-marked Vehicles To Shoot Protesters". Global Defense Corp. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  252. ^ "UN human rights chief urges govt to engage with student protesters". Prothom Alo. 17 July 2024.
  253. ^ "EU envoy: Everyone wants to see a quick resolution of present situation". Dhaka Tribune. 18 July 2024.
  254. ^ "We want to see a quick resolution of present situation: EU envoy". The Daily Star. 18 July 2024.
  255. ^ "Bangladesh: Security Forces Target Unarmed Students". HRW. 22 July 2024.
  256. ^ "AISA Stands with Student Protestors in Bangladesh". AISA. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  257. ^ "AIP condemns violence against students in Bangladesh, urge safety for Indian nationals". Rising Kashmir. 20 July 2024.
  258. ^ "Bangladesh: Witness testimony, video and photographic analysis confirm police used unlawful force against protesters". Amnesty International. 17 July 2024.
  259. ^ "Amnesty International strongly denounce attacks on quota reform protesters". Prothom Alo. 16 July 2024.
  260. ^ "Bangladesh: PEN International condemns violence and calls for protection of journalists as protests escalate". IFEX (organization). 21 July 2024.
  261. ^ "Bangladesh: PEN International condemns violence and calls for protection of journalists as protests escalate". PEN International. 19 July 2024.
  262. ^ "Bangladesh: Attacks and killings of peaceful student protesters strongly condemned". FIDH. 18 July 2024.
  263. ^ "Deadly protests in Bangladesh: RSF demands authorities shed light on death of journalist Mehedi Hasan". Reporters Without Borders. 19 July 2024.
  264. ^ "#KeepItOn: Bangladesh's government must restore internet access, ensure connectivity during student protests". Access Now. 19 July 2024.
  265. ^ Press Trust of India (18 July 2024). "Student body protests in Kolkata over Bangladesh violence against quota system". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 19 July 2024.
  266. ^ Mitra, Sweta (19 July 2024). "পদ্মাপারের আঁচ এবার গঙ্গা পারেও, কোটা বিরোধী আন্দোলনকে সমর্থন AIDSO-র, হেনস্থা পুলিশের". Latest Bengali News, News in Bangla, বাংলা নিউজ – Kolkata24X7 (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 19 July 2024.
  267. ^ GARJON, AL EMRUN; ALAM, JULHAS; PATHI, KRUTIKA (19 July 2024). "Student body protests in Kolkata over Bangladesh violence against quota system". WJTV. Archived from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  268. ^ "Italy: Solidarity with the student protest in Bangladesh". Pacific Press Agency. 2024.
  269. ^ "Bangladeshi Winnipeggers fear for loved ones as violent clashes continue". CBC News. 20 July 2024.
  270. ^ "Qatar's Bangladeshi community protests government job quota system". Doha News. 22 July 2024.
  271. ^ "মালদ্বীপে বিক্ষোভ করা বাংলাদেশিদের ফেরত পাঠানো হবে". risingbd.com (in Bengali). 25 July 2024.
  272. ^ Wakin, Michael (22 July 2024). "UAE orders a trial of Bangladeshi nationals arrested for protesting their home government". Associated Press. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  273. ^ Gritten, David (22 July 2024). "UAE jails 57 Bangladeshis over protests against own government". BBC. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  274. ^ "UAE hands 57 Bangladeshis long-term jail terms for protests". Aljazeera. 22 July 2022.
  275. ^ "UAE: Unjust Convictions Follow Bangladesh Protests". HRW. 24 July 2024.
  276. ^ "Expats who protested at Thinadhoo to be deported". SSTV. 25 July 2024.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024_Bangladesh_quota_reform_movement&oldid=1236648889"