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Parliamentary constituencies in South East England

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The region[1] of South East is divided into 84 parliamentary constituencies which is made up of 23 Borough Constituencies and 61 County Constituencies. Since the general election of December 2019,[2] 74 are represented by Conservative MPs, 8 by Labour MPs, 1 by a Liberal Democrat MP, and 1 by a Green MP.

Constituencies

Further information: 2019 United Kingdom general election

  † Conservative   # Independent   ‡ Labour   ¤ Liberal Democrat   ♣ Green Party

Constituency [nb 1] Electorate[3] Majority[4][nb 2] Member of Parliament[4] Nearest opposition[4] County County Location Constituency Map
Aldershot BC 72,617 16,698 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Leo Docherty† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Howard Kaye‡ Hampshire
Arundel and South Downs CC 81,726 22,521 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Andrew Griffith† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Alison Bennett¤ West Sussex
Ashford CC 89,553 24,029 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Damian Green† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Dara Farrell‡ Kent
Aylesbury CC 86,665 17,373 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Rob Butler† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Liz Hind‡ Buckinghamshire
A medium constituency stretching from the centre to the southwest of the county.
Banbury CC 90,116 16,813 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Victoria Prentis† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Suzette Watson‡ Oxfordshire
Basingstoke BC 82,928 14,198 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Maria Miller† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Kerena Marchant‡ Hampshire
Beaconsfield CC 77,720 15,712 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Joy Morrissey† bgcolor="Template:Independent politician/meta/color" |  Dominic Grieve# Buckinghamshire
A medium constituency, located in the far south of the county.
Bexhill and Battle CC 81,963 26,059 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Huw Merriman† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | Christine Bayliss‡ East Sussex
Bognor Regis and Littlehampton CC 77,446 22,503 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Nick Gibb† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Alan Butcher‡ West Sussex
Bracknell CC 78,978 19,829 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  James Sunderland† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Paul Bidwell‡ Berkshire
A large constituency in the south of the county.
Brighton, Kemptown BC 69,833 8,061 bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Lloyd Russell-Moyle‡ bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Joe Miller† East Sussex
Brighton, Pavilion BC 79,057 19,940 bgcolor="Template:Green Party of England and Wales/meta/color" |  Caroline Lucas♣ bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Adam Imanpour‡ East Sussex .
Buckingham CC 83,146 20,411 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Greg Smith† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Stephen Dorrell¤ Buckinghamshire
A large constituency, stretching from the centre to the north of the county.
Canterbury CC 80,203 1,836 bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Rosie Duffield‡ bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Anna Firth† Kent
Chatham and Aylesford CC 71,642 18,540 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Tracey Crouch† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Vince Maple‡ Kent
Chesham and Amersham CC 72,542 16,223 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Dame Cheryl Gillan† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Dan Gallagher¤ Buckinghamshire
A medium constituency in the southest of the county.
Chichester CC 85,499 21,490 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Gillian Keegan† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Kate O'Kelly¤ West Sussex
Crawley BC 74,207 8,360 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Henry Smith† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Peter Lamb‡ West Sussex
Dartford CC 82,209 19,160 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Gareth Johnson† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Sacha Gosine‡ Kent
Dover CC 76,355 12,278 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Natalie Elphicke† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Charlotte Cornell‡ Kent
East Hampshire CC 76,478 19,696 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Damian Hinds† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  David Buxton¤ Hampshire
East Surrey CC 83,148 23,914 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Claire Coutinho† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Alex Ehmann¤ Surrey
East Worthing and Shoreham CC 75,194 7,441 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Tim Loughton† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Lavinia O'Connor‡ West Sussex
Eastbourne BC 79,307 4,331 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Caroline Ansell† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Stephen Lloyd¤ East Sussex
Eastleigh BC 83,880 15,607 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Paul Holmes† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Lynda Murphy¤ Hampshire
Epsom and Ewell BC 81,138 17,873 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Chris Grayling† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Steve Gee¤ Surrey
Esher and Walton BC 81,184 2,743 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Dominic Raab† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Monica Harding¤ Surrey
Fareham CC 78,337 26,086 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Suella Braverman† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Matthew Randall‡ Hampshire
Faversham and Mid Kent CC 73,403 21,976 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Helen Whately† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Jenny Reeves‡ Kent
Folkestone and Hythe CC 88,272 21,337 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Damian Collins† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Laura Davison‡ Kent
Gillingham and Rainham 73,549 15,119 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Rehman Chishti† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Andy Stamp‡ Kent
Gosport BC 73,541 23,278 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Caroline Dinenage† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Tom Chatwin‡ Hampshire
Gravesham 73,242 15,581 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Adam Holloway† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Lauren Sullivan‡ Kent
Guildford CC 77,729 3,337 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Angela Richardson† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Zöe Franklin¤ Surrey
Hastings and Rye CC 80,524 4,043 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Sally-Ann Hart† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Peter Chowney‡ East Sussex
Havant BC 72,103 21,792 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Alan Mak† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Rosamund Knight‡ Hampshire
Henley CC 76,646 14,053 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  John Howell† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Laura Coyle¤ Oxfordshire
Horsham CC 86,730 21,127 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Jeremy Quin† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Louise Potter¤ West Sussex
Hove BC 74,313 17,044 bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Peter Kyle‡ bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Robert Nemeth† East Sussex
Isle of Wight CC 113,021 23,737 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Bob Seely† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Richard Quigley‡ Isle of Wight
Lewes CC 71,053 2,457 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Maria Caulfield† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Oli Henman¤ East Sussex
Maidenhead CC 76,668 18,846 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Theresa May† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Joshua Reynolds¤ Berkshire
A medium-sized constituency located in the south east of the county.
Maidstone and The Weald CC 76,109 21,772 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Helen Grant† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Dan Wilkinson‡ Kent
Meon Valley CC 75,737 23,555 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Flick Drummond† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Lewis North¤ Hampshire
Mid Sussex CC 85,146 18,197 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Mims Davies† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Robert Eggleston¤ West Sussex
Milton Keynes North CC 91,545 6,255 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Mark Lancaster† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Charlynne Pullen‡ Buckinghamshire
A medium constituency, to the far north of the county.
Milton Keynes South BC 96,363 6,944 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Iain Stewart† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Hannah O'Neill‡ Buckinghamshire
A medium constituency in the north of the county.
Mole Valley CC 74,665 12,041 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Sir Paul Beresford† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Paul Kennedy¤ Surrey
New Forest East CC 73,549 25,251 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Julian Lewis† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Julie Hope‡ Hampshire
New Forest West CC 70,869 24,403 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Sir Desmond Swayne† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Jack Davies¤ Hampshire
Newbury CC 83,414 16,047 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Laura Farris† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Lee Dillon¤ Berkshire
A medium-sized constituency, located to the north of the centre of the county. It is entirely bounded by other constituencies in the county.
North East Hampshire CC 78,954 20,211 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Ranil Jayawardena† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Graham Cockarill¤ Hampshire
North Thanet CC 72,756 17,189 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Sir Roger Gale† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Coral Jones‡ Kent
North West Hampshire CC 83,083 26,308 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Kit Malthouse† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Luigi Gregori¤ Hampshire
Oxford East BC 78,303 17,832 bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Anneliese Dodds‡ bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Louise Staite† Oxfordshire
Oxford West and Abingdon CC 76,951 8,943 bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Layla Moran¤ bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  James Fredrickson† Oxfordshire
Portsmouth North BC 71,299 15,780 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Penny Mordaunt† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Amanda Martin‡ Hampshire
Portsmouth South BC 74,186 5,363 bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Stephen Morgan‡ bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Donna Jones† Hampshire
Reading East BC 77,152 5,924 bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Matt Rodda‡ bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Craig Morley† Berkshire
A medium-to-large constituency, located in the southeast of the county.
Reading West CC 74,137 4,117 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Alok Sharma† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | Rachel Eden‡ Berkshire
A small constituency, located in the centre of the county, to the east of two other small constituencies.
Reigate BC 74,242 18,310 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Crispin Blunt† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Susan Gregory‡ Surrey
Rochester and Strood CC 82,056 17,072 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Kelly Tolhurst† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Teresa Murray‡ Kent
Romsey and Southampton North CC 68,228 10,872 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Caroline Nokes† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Craig Fletcher¤ Hampshire
Runnymede and Weybridge CC 74,888 18,270 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Ben Spencer† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Robert King‡ Surrey
Sevenoaks CC 71,757 20,818 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Laura Trott† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Gareth Willis¤ Kent
Sittingbourne and Sheppey CC 83,917 24,479 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Gordon Henderson† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Clive Johnson‡ Kent
Slough BC 86,818 13,640 bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | Tan Dhesi‡ bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Kanwal Toor Gill† Berkshire
A small constituency, located in the centre of the county to the south of two equally small constituencies.
South Thanet CC 73,223 10,587 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Craig Mackinlay† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Rebecca Gordon-Nesbitt‡ Kent
South West Surrey CC 79,096 8,817 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Jeremy Hunt† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Paul Follows¤ Surrey
Southampton Itchen BC 72,299 4,498 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Royston Smith† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Simon Letts‡ Hampshire
Southampton, Test BC 70,116 6,213 bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Alan Whitehead‡ bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Steve Galton† Hampshire
Spelthorne BC 70,929 18,393 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Kwasi Kwarteng† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Pavitar Mann‡ Surrey
Surrey Heath CC 81,349 18,349 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Michael Gove† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Alasdair Pinkerton¤ Surrey
Tonbridge and Malling CC 79,278 26,941 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Tom Tugendhat† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Richard Morris¤ Kent
Tunbridge Wells CC 74,823 14,645 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Greg Clark† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Ben Chapelard¤ Kent
Wantage CC 90,867 12,653 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  David Johnston† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Richard Benwell¤ Oxfordshire
Wealden CC 82,998 25,655 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Nus Ghani† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Chris Bowers¤ East Sussex
Winchester CC 75,582 985 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Steve Brine† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" |  Paula Ferguson¤ Hampshire
Windsor CC 75,038 20,079 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Adam Afriyie† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Julian Tisi¤ Berkshire
A small constituency, situated in the centre of the county to the west of two similarly-sized constituencies.
Witney CC 83,845 15,177 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Robert Courts† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Charlotte Hoagland¤ Oxfordshire
Woking CC 75,424 9,767 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Jonathan Lord† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Will Forster¤ Surrey
Wokingham CC 83,953 7,383 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Sir John Redwood† bgcolor="Template:Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color" | Phillip Lee¤ Berkshire
A small constituency, situated in the centre of the county to the west of two similarly-sized constituencies.
Worthing West BC 78,585 14,823 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Sir Peter Bottomley† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Rebecca Cooper‡ West Sussex
Wycombe CC 78,093 4,214 bgcolor="Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Steve Baker† bgcolor="Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" |  Khalil Ahmed‡ Buckinghamshire
A small-to-medium-sized constituency, situated in the southwest of the county.

Proposed boundary changes

The Boundary Commission for England submitted their final proposals in respect of the Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster Constituencies (the 2018 review) in September 2018. Although the proposals were immediately laid before Parliament they were not brought forward by the Government for approval. Accordingly, they did not come into effect for the 2019 election which took place on 12 December 2019, and which was contested using the constituency boundaries in place since 2010.

Under the terms of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011, the Sixth Review was based on reducing the total number of MPs from 650 to 600 and a strict electoral parity requirement that the electorate of all constituencies should be within a range of 5% either side of the electoral quota.

On 24 March 2020, the Minister of State for the Cabinet Office, Chloe Smith, issued a written statement to Parliament setting out the Government's thinking with regard to parliamentary boundaries.[5] Subsequently, the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020[6] was passed into law on 14 December 2020. This formally removed the duty to implement the 2018 review and set out the framework for future boundary reviews. The Act provided that the number of constituencies should remain at the current level of 650, rather than being reduced to 600, while retaining the requirement that the electorate should be no more than +/- 5% from the electoral quota.

The Act specified that the next review should be completed no later than 1 July 2023 and the Boundary Commission formally launched the 2023 Review on 5 January 2021.[7] The Commission have calculated that the number of seats to be allocated to the South East region will increase by 7 from 84 to 91.[8] This includes the Isle of Wight which will have two protected seats, compared to one at present.

See 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies for further details.

Results history

Primary data source: House of Commons research briefing - General election results from 1918 to 2019[9]

2019

The number of votes cast for each political party who fielded candidates in constituencies comprising the South East region in the 2019 general election were as follows:

Party Votes % Change from 2017 Seats Change from 2017
Conservative 2,512,866 54.0% Increase0.2% 74 Increase1
Labour 1,029,996 22.1% Decrease6.5% 8 0
Liberal Democrats 848,381 18.2% Increase7.7% 1 Decrease1
Greens 183,724 3.9% Increase0.8% 1 0
Brexit 12,868 0.3% new 0 0
Others 64,917 1.5% Decrease1.7% 0 0
Total 4,652,752 100.0 84

Percentage votes

South East votes percentage

Key:

CON - Conservative Party, including National Liberal Party up to 1966

LAB - Labour Party

LIB - Liberal Party up to 1979; SDP-Liberal Alliance 1983 & 1987; Liberal Democrats from 1992

UKIP/Br - UK Independence Party 2010 to 2017 (included in Other up to 2005 and in 2019); Brexit Party in 2019

Green - Green Party of England and Wales (included in Other up to 2005)

Seats

South East seats

Key:

CON - Conservative Party, including National Liberal Party up to 1966 (2010-2017 - includes The Speaker, John Bercow)

LAB - Labour Party

LIB - Liberal Party up to 1979; SDP-Liberal Alliance 1983 & 1987; Liberal Democrats from 1992

OTH - 2010-2019 - Green Party

See also

Notes

  1. ^ BC denotes borough constituency, CC denotes county constituency.
  2. ^ The majority is the number of votes the winning candidate receives more than their nearest rival.

External links

References

  1. ^ See NUTS 1 statistical regions of England
  2. ^ "2019 Election Results". BBC.
  3. ^ Baker, Carl; Uberoi, Elise; Cracknell, Richard (2020-01-28). "General Election 2019: full results and analysis". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ a b c "Constituencies A-Z - Election 2019". BBC News. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
  5. ^ "Update: Strengthening Democracy:Written statement - HCWS183". UK Parliament. Retrieved 2020-04-20.
  6. ^ "Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ "2023 Review launched | Boundary Commission for England". Retrieved 2021-01-08.
  8. ^ "2023 Review | Boundary Commission for England". Retrieved 2021-01-08.
  9. ^ Watson, Christopher; Uberoi, Elise; Loft, Philip (2020-04-17). "General election results from 1918 to 2019". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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