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Belair National Park

Coordinates: 35°00′47″S 138°39′21″E / 35.01306°S 138.65583°E / -35.01306; 138.65583
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Belair National Park
South Australia
View from the Waterfall Hike
Belair National Park is located in South Australia
Belair National Park
Belair National Park
Nearest town or cityAdelaide, South Australia
Coordinates35°00′47″S 138°39′21″E / 35.01306°S 138.65583°E / -35.01306; 138.65583
Established1891[2]
Area8.35 km2 (3.2 sq mi)[1]
Visitation358,619 (in 2003)[3]
Managing authoritiesDepartment of Environment and Water
WebsiteBelair National Park
See alsoProtected areas of South Australia

Belair National Park (formerly known as the National Park and as Belair Recreation Park) is a protected area in Belair, South Australia, 9 kilometres (5.6 miles) southeast of Adelaide city centre; it covers an area of 835 hectares (2,060 acres). It was proclaimed in 1891 and was the first national park in South Australia, second in Australia (after Sydney's Royal National Park which was proclaimed in 1879) and the tenth in the world.[4] The national park lies within the Adelaide Hills and Mitcham council area, and forms part of a chain of protected areas located along the Adelaide Hills Face Zone. The national park is administered by the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources.

Naming

For most of its existence, it has been known as the 'National Park'. Between the years 1972 and 1991 it was known as the 'Belair Recreation Park'. In 1991, the Belair Recreation Park was abolished and the land that it occupied was constituted as a national park and given the name “Belair National Park”.[5][6]

History

Belair was originally inhabited by the Kaurna Aboriginal people. The area was called Pradli, which means “baldness”, because the appearance of the area when looking south from the Adelaide Plains was “bald like the moon.”[7] The first Europeans to set foot in the area were crewmen from the Coromandel in 1837.[7] The first European to settle in the area was a squatter, E. Nicholas Foott, who in 1839 dug a well and built a stone cottage, spending £500 despite not holding a title to the land.[8] In 1840, South Australian governor George Gawler set the land aside for a government farm,[7] forcing Foott to leave the land, though he was paid £300 for his improvements to the land (he later became a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly).[8]

Old Government House, a historic building in Belair National Park.

Governor Grey arrived in May 1841, with a remit to cut Government expenditure and raise revenue, and announced in the Gazette of 15 July of the intended sale by auction of the land. This, however, did not take place, and in the depression of 1841–1842 a dozen or so unemployed men and their families were allowed to settle there temporarily. In June 1844, four sections at the western end (874, 875, 878 and 882) totalling about 400 acres (160 ha) were sold. In 1848 a cottage, long since demolished, was erected alongside the creek as a residence for the farm manager, and for occasional use by the Governor. In 1858 a residence, complete with swimming pool, was built as a "summer house" for the Governor, Sir Richard MacDonnell (served 1855–1862), and used by his successors Sir Anthony Musgrave (1873–1877), and Sir William Jervois (1877–1883), until the more imposing edifice at Marble Hill was completed in 1880. Now known as Old Government House, the building is heritage-listed.

From 1874 to 1884 the Government Farm was managed by William Cook (1815–1897), father of Edith Agnes Cook. His eldest daughter Katherine wrote an article on that period of the farm's history[9] for the South Australian Archives.[10] His predecessor was Ebenezer Jarvis (c. 1829–1897), who left to take a post as manager of Government House, Adelaide. Two great bushfires occurred during their time; in 1866/1867 and 1877, when many old trees were destroyed.[11] Proposals in 1881 to sell off parts of small portions of the land were opposed by Walter Gooch, James Page and the Australian Natives Association, which led in 1883 to an Act of Parliament prohibiting its sale. In 1888 further agitation by Gooch, Arthur Falconer Robin (1867–1906) and Samuel Dixon of the Royal Society of South Australia led to a parliamentary decision that the Government Farm be established as a public park, and after some delays the National Park Act received the Governor's assent in January 1892.[12] Another person given partial credit was William Henry Selway of the Field Naturalists' Section of the Royal Society.[13]

A nine-hole golf course was constructed in the southwest corner of the park in 1934 in an attempt by the state government to raise money for the park's maintenance during the Great Depression.[14] The course was expanded to 18 holes in 1941, redeveloped in the 1970's, and sold to a private operator in 1982. The Belair Park Country Club ran the course until it went into administration in January 2018.[15] The state government proposed to repurpose part of the golf course and build a seven-pitch soccer field for the Sturt Lions Football Club, but this proposal met with backlash from the local community during the public consultation period, with more than 8,000 people signing a petition opposing the development.[14][16] The day after the consultation period ended, Environment Minister David Speirs announced that the plan would not go ahead,[17] and in October 2021, the government announced that high-impact development in the former golf course would be banned and that parts of the land would be re-vegetated and returned to the rest of the park.[16]

In 1985, the Belair National Park was declared as a state heritage area under the South Australian Heritage Act 1978-1980.[4][18] In 1987, the nearby National Park railway station was closed.

Weed invasion

Invasive weed Hypericum perforatum in the Park

The first European people traversed the Belair area in 1837. In 1840, Governor Gawler raised a government farm on which sick horses and bullocks from government departments could be agisted. In 1881, a proposal was put forward for small agricultural holdings and also, the national park was dedicated, making it the first National Park in South Australia. Many exotic and non-indigenous plants were introduced and are now found in the park as weeds. Numerous native plants, such as Cootamundra wattle, have become environmental weeds after being introduced into areas outside their natural range.

The Belair National Park has suffered major disturbance to its natural ecosystems and natural vegetation communities through the accidental invasion of non-indigenous plants as well as the deliberate introduction of exotic and non-indigenous plants to certain zones within the park. In spite of these problems, several remnant stands of rare native plant species endemic to the Mt Lofty Ranges can be found there in season, mostly along tracks in less visited areas of the park's walking trail system. Both Donkey Orchids and Spider Orchids are among several diminutive flowers usually seen late winter each year.

Geography

Belair National Park is situated 13 km south east of Adelaide city centre in South Australia, in the suburb of Belair, and is one of the few remaining areas of relatively undisturbed native vegetation in the Adelaide Hills.[7][19]

Walking Trails

The end of the Waterfall Hike
Tunnel at Belair National Park
Mating odonata in Belair National Park
Koala in Belair National Park

[20]

Wood Duck Dawdle

A short circuit around Playford Lake.

Lorikeet Loop Walk

A 3 km circuit walk from the main car park to the Adventure Playground.

Valley Loop Walk

A 3 km circuit walk to Long Gully.

Microcarpa Walk

A 4 km circuit departing from near Playford Lake.

Waterfall Hike

A 6.5 km circuit that visits the park's waterfalls and travels to the higher areas away from the recreation areas.

Yurrebilla Trail

The first 5 km of the Yurrebilla Trail is in the national park. It begins at the Belair railway station and continues toward the Lower Waterfall before departing the park at the Sheoak Road boundary.

Belairs national park signifies South Australia's commitment to preserving the natural areas for both conservation and recreation.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Belair National Park.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Belair National Park.

References

  1. ^ a b "Terrestrial Protected Areas of South Australia (refer 'DETAIL' tab )". CAPAD 2016. Australian Government, Department of the Environment (DoE). 2016. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  2. ^ "History". Belair National Park website. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (South Australia). 6 February 2014. Archived from the original on 11 February 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  3. ^ "Visitor Use" (PDF). Belair National Park Management Plan, p. 38. Department for Environment and Heritage. 6 February 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  4. ^ a b "Belair National Park state heritage area". Government of South Australia. Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  5. ^ "Belair National Park state heritage area (fact sheet)" (PDF). Government of South Australia. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  6. ^ "National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 Part III: Reconstitution of Certain Reserves as National Parks; Proclamation by the Governor" (PDF). South Australian Government Gazette. Government of South Australia. 20 June 1991. p. 1920. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  7. ^ a b c d "Belair National Park". National Parks and Wildlife Service South Australia. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  8. ^ a b "Belair National Park". Flinders Ranges Research. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  9. ^ "Out among the People". The Advertiser (Adelaide). Vol. LXXXVI, no. 26538. South Australia. 25 October 1943. p. 4. Archived from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  10. ^ "Death Of Miss Harriet Cook". The Advertiser (Adelaide). Vol. LXXXVI, no. 26571. South Australia. 2 December 1943. p. 2. Archived from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ "The Government Farm". Adelaide Observer. Vol. XXXIX, no. 2102. South Australia. 14 January 1882. p. 35. Archived from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ J. B. Cleland, in National Park and Reserves, Bernard C. Cotton ed., Government Printer, Adelaide 1953
  13. ^ "Long Public Career". The News (Adelaide). Vol. IX, no. 1, 382. South Australia. 19 December 1927. p. 11. Archived from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ a b Sutton, Malcolm (22 February 2021). "Soccer pitch at former Belair Golf Course site failing to draw local support". ABC News. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  15. ^ "Belair National Park Golf Course at point of no return — and no one knows what to do with it next". HillsValley Weekly Messenger. 12 March 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  16. ^ a b Etheridge, Michelle (22 October 2021). "Golf course at Belair National Park to be returned to low-impact sports and revegetation". The Advertiser. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  17. ^ Sutton, Malcolm (7 May 2021). "Large developments off the table at former Belair Golf Course as 'rug pulled out' from soccer club". ABC News. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  18. ^ Hopgood, Don (16 September 1985). "SOUTH AUSTRALIAN HERITAGE ACT, 1978-1980 Designation of State Heritage Area" (PDF). The South Australian Government GAzette. Government of South Australia. pp. 905–906. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019. All that land being sections 599, 675, and 1037 in the hundred of Adelaide as shown in the plan as a State Heritage Area.
  19. ^ "Belair National Park state heritage area". Department for Environment and Water. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  20. ^ "10 things to see and do at Belair National Park". www.environment.sa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
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