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Hatam language

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Hatam
Native toPapua
RegionEastern Bird's Head
Native speakers
(16,000 cited 1993)[1]
Dialects
  • Moi (Moire)
  • Tinam
  • Miriei
  • Adihup
  • Uran
Language codes
ISO 639-3had
Glottologhata1243
ELPHatam
Approximate location where Hatam is spoken
Approximate location where Hatam is spoken
Hatam
Approximate location where Hatam is spoken
Approximate location where Hatam is spoken
Hatam
Approximate location where Hatam is spoken
Approximate location where Hatam is spoken
Hatam
Coordinates: 1°08′S 134°02′E / 1.14°S 134.04°E / -1.14; 134.04

Hatam (also spelled Hattam, Atam) is a divergent language of New Guinea. Apart from Mansim (Borai), formerly listed as a dialect, it is not closely related to any other language, and though Ross (2005) tentatively assigned it to the West Papuan languages, based on similarities in pronouns, Ethnologue and Glottolog list it as a language isolate[1] or small independent family.[2]

Phonology

The phonology of the Hatam language is listed below. In free form, both consonant and vowel phonemes can range to different sounds.[3]

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t c k
voiced b d ɟ ɡ
geminated pː tː kː
Nasal voiced m n ɲ ŋ
geminated mː nː
Fricative s h
Liquid ɾ
Approximant w j
Phoneme Allophones
/p/ [p, pʰ, pɸ, ɸ]
/t/ [t, tʰ]
/c/ [c, cʰ]
/k/ [k, kʰ, kx]
/ɡ/ [ɡ, k, ɡː]
/ɟ/ [ɟ, ɟː]
/d/ [d, t]
/b/ [b, p, bː]
/ɾ/ [ɾ, l, lː]
Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid ɛ ɔ
Open a
Phoneme Allophones
/i/ [i, ɪ, ə]
/ɛ/ [ɛ, e]
/a/ [ä, a, ɐ]
/ɔ/ [ɔ, o]

References

  1. ^ a b Hatam at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Glottolog was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Reesink, Ger P. (1999). A Grammar of Hatam: Bird's Head Peninsula Irian Jaya. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.: Pacific Linguistics: Series C, 146. pp. 9–13.
  • Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.

Further reading

  • Reesink, Ger P. (1999). A grammar of Hatam : Bird's Head Peninsula, Irian Jaya. Pacific Linguistics. Vol. Series C, 146. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University. hdl:1885/146620. ISBN 978-0-85883-497-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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