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Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика (Russian)
Motto: 
Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!
Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!
"Workers of the world, unite!
Anthem: 
Государственный гимн Советского Союза
Gosudarstvennyy gimn Sovetskogo Soyuza
"State Anthem of the Soviet Union"
Location of East Russia (green)
CapitalOmsk
54°59′N 73°22′E / 54.983°N 73.367°E / 54.983; 73.367
Largest cityNovosibirsk
Official language
Ethnic groups
(2021)
Religion
(2023)
Demonym(s)Russian
GovernmentFederal Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist soviet republic under an authoritarian dictatorship
Vladimir Putin
• Premier
Dmitry Medvedev
Valentina Matviyenko
Vyacheslav Volodin
LegislatureSupreme Soviet
• Upper house
Congress of People's Deputies
• Lower house
Soviet of the Union
Formation
882
1157
1282
16 January 1547
2 November 1721
15 March 1917
30 December 1922
• Secession
12 June 1980
Area
• Total
13,100,000 km2 (5,100,000 sq mi) (2nd)
• Water (%)
5
Population
• 2022 estimate
99,306,353 (16th)
• Density
8.4/km2 (21.8/sq mi) (187th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $5.056 trillion[1] (6th)
• Per capita
Increase $35,310[1] (60th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $3.862 trillion[1] (7th)
• Per capita
Increase $13,006[1] (72nd)
Gini (2020)Steady 36.0[2]
medium
HDI (2022)Increase 0.821[3]
very high (56th)
CurrencyEast Russian ruble (₽) (RUB)
Time zoneUTC+2 to +12
Driving sideright
Calling code+7
ISO 3166 codeRU
Internet TLD
Russian Federation
Российская Федерация (Russian)
Anthem: 
Патриотическая песня
Patrioticheskaya pesnya
"The Patriotic Song"
  Location of West Russia
CapitalMoscow
55°45′N 37°37′E / 55.750°N 37.617°E / 55.750; 37.617
Largest citySaint Petersburg
59°56′N 30°18′E / 59.933°N 30.300°E / 59.933; 30.300
Official
and national language		Russian[4]
Recognised regional languages35 regional official languages[5]
Ethnic groups
(2021)[6]
Religion
(2023)[8][9]
  • 24% no religion
  • 9% Islam
  • 2% other (including Buddhism)[7]
  • 4% undeclared
Demonym(s)Russian
GovernmentFederal semi-presidential republic
• President
Boris Nadezhdin
Nikolay Rybakov
Ksenia Sobchak
Viktoria Abramchenko
Pyotr Serkov
LegislatureFederal Assembly
• Upper house
Federation Council
• Lower house
State Duma
Formation
882
1157
1282
16 January 1547
2 November 1721
15 March 1917
30 December 1922
12 June 1980
12 December 1991
12 December 1993
• Denounced claims over East Russia
28 December 1996
Area
• Total
3,969,100 km2 (1,532,500 sq mi)[10] (7th)
• Water (%)
8[11] (including swamps)
Population
• 2022 estimate
209,336,053 (5th)
• Density
8.4/km2 (21.8/sq mi) (187th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $10.939 trillion[1] (5th)
• Per capita
Increase $69,069[1] (15th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $6.862 trillion[1] (5th)
• Per capita
Increase $33,256[1] (33rd)
Gini (2018)Steady 30.0[12]
medium
HDI (2021)Increase 0.925[13]
very high (19th)
CurrencyWest Russian ruble (₽) (RUB)
Time zoneUTC+2 to +12
Driving sideright
Calling code+7
ISO 3166 codeRU
Internet TLD
United States of America
Motto: "In God We Trust"[14]
Other traditional mottos:[15]
Anthem: "Hail, Columbia"[16]
Orthographic map of the U.S. in North America
World map showing the U.S. and its territories
Location of the United States
CapitalWashington, D.C.
38°54′N 77°00′W / 38.900°N 77.000°W / 38.900; -77.000
Largest cityNew York City
40°43′N 74°0′W / 40.717°N 74.000°W / 40.717; -74.000
Official languagesNone at the federal level[a]
National languageEnglish (de facto)
Ethnic groups
(2020)[17][18][19]
By race:
By origin:
Religion
(2022)[20]
Demonym(s)American[b][21]
GovernmentFederal presidential constitutional republic
• President
Mike Pence
Carly Fiorina
Ted Cruz
Nancy Pelosi
John Roberts
LegislatureCongress
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
House of Representatives
Independence 
from Great Britain
July 4, 1776 (1776-07-04)
March 1, 1781 (1781-03-01)
September 3, 1783 (1783-09-03)
June 21, 1788 (1788-06-21)
May 5, 1992 (1992-05-05)
Area
• Total area
3,796,742 sq mi (9,833,520 km2)[22] (3rd[c])
• Water (%)
7.0[23] (2018)
• Total land area
3,531,905 sq mi (9,147,590 km2) (3rd)
Population
• Estimate
Neutral increase 234,914,895[24] (5th)
• Density
87/sq mi (33.6/km2) (185th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $26.950 trillion[25] (2nd)
• Per capita
Increase $80,412[25] (9th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $26.950 trillion[25] (1st)
• Per capita
Increase $80,412[25] (7th)
Gini (2020)Negative increase 39.4[d][26]
medium
HDI (2021)Increase 0.939[3]
very high (12th)
CurrencyU.S. dollar ($) (USD)
Time zoneUTC−4 to −12, +10, +11
• Summer (DST)
UTC−4 to −10[e]
Date formatmm/dd/yyyy[f]
Driving sideright[g]
Calling code+1
ISO 3166 codeUS
Internet TLD.us[27]
Federal Republic of Germany
Bundesrepublik Deutschland (German)
Motto: Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit
  • "Unity and Justice and Freedom"
Anthem: Deutschlandlied[h]
"Song of Germany"
Location of West Germany (green) in Europe
Location of West Germany (green) in Europe
CapitalBonn
50°44′N 7°6′E / 50.733°N 7.100°E / 50.733; 7.100
Largest cityHamburg
Official languagesGerman
Demonym(s)German
GovernmentFederal parliamentary republic
• President
Joachim Gauck
Frank-Walter Steinmeier
LegislatureBundestag, Bundesrat[i]
Area
• Total
248,717 km2 (96,030 sq mi)[29] (63rd)
• Water (%)
1.27[30]
Population
• Q3 2023 estimate
Neutral increase 47,607,016[31]
• Density
236/km2 (611.2/sq mi) (58th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $5.537 trillion[32] (5th)
• Per capita
Increase $66,037[32] (18th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $4.462 trillion[32] (3rd)
• Per capita
Increase $52,823[32] (19th)
Gini (2022)Positive decrease 28.8[33]
low
HDI (2021)Increase 0.942[3]
very high (9th)
CurrencyEuro (€) (EUR)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format
  • Day, month, year
  • Year, month, day
Driving sideright
Calling code+49
ISO 3166 codeDE
Internet TLD.de
German Democratic Republic
Deutsche Demokratische Republik (German)
Motto: Lass uns Vereinen
"Let us unite"
Anthem: Auferstanden aus Ruinen
"Risen from Ruins"
Location of East Germany in Europe
Location of East Germany in Europe
StatusAssociated state with West Germany
Capital
and largest city
East Berlin
52°31′N 13°24′E / 52.517°N 13.400°E / 52.517; 13.400
Official languages
Demonym(s)
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary republic
• President
Lothar de Maizière
• Premier
Peter-Michael Diestel
LegislatureVolkskammer
Area
• Total
108,875 km2 (42,037 sq mi)[34] (106th)
• Water (%)
1.27[35]
Population
• Q3 2023 estimate
Neutral increase 37,607,016[36]
• Density
236/km2 (611.2/sq mi) (58th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $2.537 trillion[32] (15th)
• Per capita
Increase $56,037[32] (29th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $1.462 trillion[32] (16th)
• Per capita
Increase $42,823[32] (25th)
Gini (2022)Positive decrease 28.8[33]
low
HDI (2021)Increase 0.942[3]
very high (9th)
CurrencyEuro (€) (EUR)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format
  • Day, month, year
  • Year, month, day
Driving sideright
Calling code+49
ISO 3166 codeDE
Internet TLD.de
Union of India
Bhārat Sangh
(see other regional names)
Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"[37]
Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana" (Hindi)
"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"
Royal anthem: "God Save the King"
Image of a globe centred on India, with India highlighted.
Territory controlled by India shown in dark green; territory claimed but not controlled shown in light green
CapitalNew Delhi
28°36′N 77°12′E / 28.600°N 77.200°E / 28.600; 77.200
Largest cityMumbai
Official languages
Recognised national languagesNone.[41]
Recognised regional languages
Native languages447 languages[m]
Religion
(2011)
Demonym(s)
GovernmentFederal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
Charles III
M. V. Suchindra Kumar
Smriti Irani
Jagdeep Dhankhar
Om Birla
Uday Umesh Lalit
LegislatureUnion Assembly
• Upper house
House of Councillors
• Lower house
Lok Sabha
Independence 
from the United Kingdom
• Dominion
15 August 1947
27 January 1950
Area
• Total
3,287,263[46] km2 (1,269,219 sq mi)[n] (7th)
• Water (%)
9.6
Population
• 2023 estimate
Neutral increase 1,428,627,663[48] (1st)
• 2011 census
Neutral increase 1,210,854,977[49][50] (2nd)
• Density
424.6/km2 (1,099.7/sq mi) (30th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $13.119 trillion[51] (4th)
• Per capita
Increase $54,708[51] (30th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $10.739 trillion[51] (5th)
• Per capita
Increase $53,102[51] (19th)
Gini (2019)Negative increase 35.7[52]
medium
HDI (2021)Increase 0.919[3]
very high (22nd)
CurrencyIndian rupee (₹) (INR)
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
DST is not observed.
Date format
Driving sideleft[53]
Calling code+91
ISO 3166 codeIN
Internet TLD.in (others)
Republic of China
中華民國 (Chinese)
Zhōnghuá Mínguó (Pinyin)
Anthem: 
義勇軍進行曲
Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ
"March of the Volunteers"
Flag anthem:
中華民國國旗歌
Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guóqígē
"National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China"
  Location of China
  Territory claimed but not controlled
CapitalBeijing
39°55′N 116°23′E / 39.917°N 116.383°E / 39.917; 116.383
Largest city
by urban population		Shanghai
Official languagesStandard Chinese (de facto)
Official script
Traditional Chinese
Ethnic groups
(2020)[54]
Religion
(2020)[55]
Demonym(s)Chinese
GovernmentUnitary semi-presidential republic
• President
Tsao Le-chi
Su Hui
• Premier
Lai Ching-te
LegislatureNational Assembly
• Upper house
Control Yuan
• Lower house
Legislative Yuan
Formation
c. 2070 BCE
221 BCE
1 January 1912
24 October 1945[p]
Area
• Total
14,700,000 km2 (5,700,000 sq mi)[q][58] (2nd)
• Water (%)
4.0[r]
Population
• 2023 estimate
Neutral decrease 1,409,670,000[60] (2nd)
• Density
145[61]/km2 (375.5/sq mi) (83rd)
GDP (PPP)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $35.042 trillion[62] (1st)
• Per capita
Increase $72,485[62] (15th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $19.701 trillion[s][62] (3rd)
• Per capita
Decrease $32,339[62] (30th)
Gini (2020)Negative increase 34.1[63]
medium
HDI (2021)Increase 0.926[64]
very high (18th)
CurrencyNew Chinese yuan (¥)[t] (CNY)
Time zoneUTC+8 (CST)
DST is not observed.
Date format
Driving sideright (mainland)
left (Hong Kong and Macau)
Calling code+86 (mainland)
+852 (Hong Kong)
+853 (Macau)
ISO 3166 codeCN
Internet TLD
Great Asian War
Part of the Collapse of the Japanese Empire

Clockwise from top left:
  • National Protection Army paratroopers in 1955
  • National Protection Navy ship on the shores of the Jiangsu River
  • Long Yun, the Generalissimo and Chairman of the National Liberation Front inspects his troops
Date26 July 1956 – 3 June 1962
(5 years, 10 months, 1 week and 1 day)
Location
China • Burma • Indochina
Result

NLF-led Allied victory

Belligerents
Commanders and leaders
Strength
    • Total:
    • 8,920,953
    • In 1956:
    • 755,000
    • In 1958:
    • 3,580,200
    • In 1959:
    • 4,585,753
    • Total:
    • 4,100,000
    • In 1956:
    • 600,000
    • In 1958:
    • 1,015,000
    • In 1959:
    • 1,124,900
    • Puppet states and collaborators:
    • 900,000–1,006,086 (1959)
Philippine Republic
Motto: Libertad, Justicia, e Igualidad
"Liberty, Justice, and Equality"
Anthem: Lupang Hinirang
"Chosen Land"
CapitalMalolos
14°50′N 120°48′E / 14.833°N 120.800°E / 14.833; 120.800
Largest cityManila
14°35′N 120°58′E / 14.583°N 120.967°E / 14.583; 120.967
Official languages
Recognized regional languages19 languages[65]
National sign language
Filipino Sign Language
Other recognized languages[u]English and Arabic
Ethnic groups
(2010[67])
Religion
(2015)[67]
Demonym(s)Filipino
(neutral)
Filipina
(feminine)

Pinoy
(colloquial neutral)
Pinay
(colloquial feminine)

Philippine
(adjective for certain common nouns)
GovernmentFederal parliamentary constitutional republic
• President
Lito Atienza
Emmanuel Pacquiao
Theresia Hontiveros
Lorna Regina Legarda
Alejandro Gesmundo
LegislatureNational Assembly
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
House of Representatives
Independence 
from Spain
June 1, 1823
• Republic
June 30, 1856
September 12, 1891
Area
• Total
300,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi)[68][69] (69th–72nd)
• Water (%)
0.61[70] (inland waters)
Population
• Estimate
114,163,719 (12th)
• Density
33.6/km2 (87.0/sq mi) (185th)
GDP (PPP)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $23.967 trillion[71] (3rd)
• Per capita
Increase $80,412[71] (8th)
GDP (nominal)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $23.967 trillion[71] (3rd)
• Per capita
Increase $80,412[71] (7th)
Gini (2021)Positive decrease 38.2[72]
medium
HDI (2021)Increase 0.925[73]
very high (19th)
CurrencyPhilippine peso (₱) (PHP)
Time zoneUTC+08:00 (PhST)
Driving sideright[74]
Calling code+63
ISO 3166 codePH
Internet TLD.ph
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