Parma Calcio 1913

Parma

Full name	Parma Football Club S.p.A.
Nickname(s)	I Crociati (The Crusaders) I Gialloblù (The Yellow and Blues) I Ducali (The Duchy Men) Gli Emiliani (The Emilians)
Founded	16 December 1913 (16 December 1913), as Parma Foot Ball Club
Ground	Stadio Ennio Tardini, Parma, Italy
Capacity	21,473
President	Pietro Doca
Head coach	Roberto Donadoni
League	Serie A
2013–14	Serie A, 6th
Website	Club website
Home colours Away colours Third colours

Parma Football Club (formerly Parma Associazione Calcio), commonly referred to as just Parma, is an Italian professional football club based in Parma, Emilia–Romagna that will compete in Serie A in the 2014-15 season, having finished in sixth position last season. Founded as Parma Foot Ball Club in December 1913, the club has played its home matches in the 27,906-seat Stadio Ennio Tardini, often referred to as simply Il Tardini, since 1923.

Although Parma has never won a domestic league title and never competed for major trophies until the 1990s, it has won three Italian Cups, one Supercoppa Italiana, two UEFA Cups, one European Super Cup and one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. Bankrolled by Calisto Tanzi, the club won these eight trophies between 1992 and 2002, a period in which it achieved its best ever league finish – as runners-up in the 1996–97 season – and threatened the dominance of the league's established powers: Juventus, Milan and Internazionale, the only Italian sides to have had more success in European competition than Parma.

More recently, club's ambitions have been more limited. Financial troubles were brought about in late 2003 by the Parmalat scandal which caused the parent company to collapse and resulted in the club operating in controlled administration until January 2007. The club has traditionally played attractive football and developed players through the club's academy. Despite the recent downturn in success, the club is an associated member and one of nine Italian clubs that are part of the European Club Association, a representative collection of Europe's most elite clubs, formed after the dissolution of the G-14.

History

Main article: History of Parma F.C.

Early years (1913–1968)

Parma

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Location of Parma in Italy

A club was founded in July 1913 as Verdi Foot Ball Club in honour of the centenary of famous opera composer Giuseppe Verdi, who was born in the province of Parma. It adopted yellow and blue as its colours. In December of the same year, Parma Foot Ball Club was formed from many of the original club's players and began wearing white shirts emblazoned with a black cross. Parma began playing league football during the 1919–20 season after the end of World War I. Construction of a stadium, the Stadio Ennio Tardini, began two years later. Parma became a founder member of Serie B after finishing as runners-up in the Prima Divisione in the 1928–29 season. The club would remain in Serie B for three years before being relegated and changing its name to Associazione Sportiva Parma in 1931. In the 1935–36 season, Parma became a founding member of Serie C, where the club stayed until winning promotion back to Serie B in 1943. Italian football was then brought to a halt as the Second World War intensified, although the team did make an appearance in the Campianto Alta Italia in 1944.

Following the restart of organised football, Parma spent three years in Serie B, then split into two regional divisions, before again being relegated in 1948–49 to Serie C. The side would spend another five seasons in Serie C before an eleven-year spell in Serie B that included the achievement of ninth position in 1954–55, a club record at that time. This was an era in which the club's players generally held down other jobs or were still in education and where the town's amateur rugby union and volleyball sides, Rugby Parma F.C. 1931 and Ferrovieri Parma, proved more popular among the more privileged. Parma made its debut in European competition during the 1960–61 season, defeating Swiss side AC Bellinzona in the Coppa delle Alpi, but relegation to Serie C followed in 1964–65 season. Parma spent just one season in Serie C before a second successive relegation, this time to Serie D, in 1966.

Re-birth and improvement (1968–1989)

The club was in turmoil and was ordered into liquidation by the Court of Parma in 1968, changing its name to Parma Football Club that year. In 1969, another local team, Associazione Calcio Parmense, won promotion to Serie D. On 1 January 1970, A.C. Parmense adopted the sporting licence of the liquidated club which had been formed in 1913. This meant that it had the right to use the crociato shirts, the badge and the city's name. This brought about a change of luck in both financial and sporting terms, as the side was crowned Serie D champions and spent three years in Serie C before promotion to Serie B; however, it was a short stay. The team was relegated back to Serie C in their second season in the division. A return to Serie B did not materialise until the end of the 1970s and the club again lasted only one season in the second division of Italian football.

Under the management of Cesare Maldini, Parma once again returned to Serie B after winning their division in 1984 with victory on the final day over Sanremo; Juventus-bound Stefano Pioli scored the only goal of the game. The Ducali again only spent a year in Serie B, finishing third from bottom and succumbing to relegation as a consequence. Arrigo Sacchi did, however, manage to return the club to Serie B in 1986 after a single season in the third tier. The side enjoyed good success that season in missing out on promotion to Italy's top tier by just three points and eliminating A.C. Milan from the Coppa Italia, a result that convinced owner Silvio Berlusconi to hire Sacchi as the new manager of the Rossoneri. Sacchi's replacement, Zdeněk Zeman, was fired after just seven matches and replaced by Giampieri Vitali, who secured two consecutive mid-table finishes.

Success and insolvency (1989–2004)

File:Malesani.jpg

Alberto Malesani

Nevio Scala was appointed as head coach in 1989. Scala's Parma secured a historic promotion in 1990 to Serie A with a 2–0 Derby del Grana win over A.C. Reggiana 1919. and investment from parent company Parmalat helped to improve the team's fortunes and the club made its debut in UEFA competition in 1991. Scala led the club to its first four major honour. The first of these was the Coppa Italia in 1991–92, beating Juventus 2–1 over two legs. The following year came the first international triumph in a 3–1 victory in the Cup Winners' Cup over Belgian side Antwerp at Wembley. Later that year, the side was successful in the UEFA Super Cup, overcoming Milan 2–1 on aggregate, but lost the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final 1–0 against Arsenal. Scala's final success with Parma was in another two-legged final against Juventus: Dino Baggio scored twice to give Parma a 2–1 aggregate win, but Juventus exacted revenge in the Coppa Italia final. Replaced by Carlo Ancelotti, Scala departed in 1996 and was a popular coach for the trophies he won and because the team played attractive football in the tradition of the club.

Claudio Ranieri (2007 photograph) managed Parma during the latter half of the 2006–07 season.

Ancelotti overhauled the team and guided it to a record second place in 1997. Parma consequently made their debut in the Champions League the following year. Alberto Malesani was installed as coach in 1998 and the club completed a rare cup double in his first season, winning the Coppa Italia final against Fiorentina on the away goals rule and the UEFA Cup against Marseille at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow with a 3–0 victory before Supercoppa Italiana victory over league champions Milan followed in August 1999. In 2000, Hernán Crespo was sold to Lazio for a world record transfer fee and Malesani departed. Under replacement Renzo Ulivieri, the club lost the Coppa Italia final to Fiorentina. Under Pietro Carmignani in 2002, Parma won a third Coppa Italia trophy against Juventus (but would slip to defeat in the 2002 Supercoppa Italiana) and finished outside the top 6 for the first time since promotion in 1990. This success earned them a tag as one of the "Seven Sisters". In April 2004, the club was declared insolvent following the financial meltdown of Parmalat.

Second re-birth (2004–present)

The club re-formed as Parma Football Club in June 2004 and the 2004–05 season saw Parma plummet to their lowest finish in Serie A – despite a second consecutive 23-goal haul from Gilardino, who was then sold for €24m – as managers came and went. Parma ended the following season, their first without European competition since 1991, in tenth, but returned in 2006 after the Calciopoli scandal. On 24 January 2007, Tommaso Ghirardi bought the club out of administration and became the owner and president of Parma F.C. Manager Claudio Ranieri helped the team avoid relegation to Serie B on the final day of the 2006–07 season following his February appointment; however, under a succession of managers, Parma's battle with relegation the following year was not successful, consigning the club to Serie B after eighteen years in the top flight.

Francesco Guidolin won promotion back to Serie A at the first attempt with a second-place finish and led the side to eighth on its return to Serie A in 2009–10, narrowly missing out on qualification for the Europa League before leaving for Udinese. In May 2010, Guidolin swapped jobs with Pasquale Marino, who was sacked by Ghirardi in April 2011 when Parma was caught in another relegation dogfight. Under Marino's replacement, Franco Colomba, Parma escaped the threat of relegation with two games to spare. In January 2012, Colomba was replaced by Roberto Donadoni following a winless run that culminated in a 5-0 loss to Inter and the new coach led the team to eighth position in a Serie A club record 7-match winning run. In 2014, Donadoni guided Parma to sixth in Serie A and a third consecutive top ten finish, but a return to Europe for the first time since 2007 was barred due to the late payment of a tax bill. On 19 December 2014, Tommaso Ghirardi sold his controlling stake in the club to Cypriot-Russian company Dastraso Holding Limited.

Colours and badge

The text "Parma A.C." sit atop a pennant featuring two halves: a black cross on a white background on the left and yellow and blue vertical stripes on the right.

The old Parma A.C. logo, used until the name change to Parma F.C. in 2004

The team is characterised by having used two different colour schemes in recent memory and at its inception. Originally, the club wore yellow and blue chequered shirts in honour of the city's traditional colours, which date back to 1545 when the Duchy of Parma was established, but white shirts with a black cross on the chest were introduced after the First World War, drawing inspiration from Juventus' colours, following a name change. White continued to be worn as the main colour of the home kits for much of the remainder of the century, although often complemented with yellow, blue or both, rather than black. The club did, however, experiment in the 1950s with blue shirts and blue and yellow striped shirts. The cross shirts were restored and worn until bankruptcy in 1968, when white shirts with off-centre blue and yellow vertical bands were worn, but the cross returned from 1970 until 1983 when a yellow and blue-sleeved white shirt was introduced and used for 8 years.

The text "Parma F.C." sit atop a pennant featuring two halves: a black cross on a white background on the left and yellow and blue vertical stripes on the right.

Parma's crest until 2012

After decades in the lower divisions, Parma was promoted to Serie A in 1990, where the side immediately became a major force in the battle for major trophies, on many notable occasions in direct opposition to Juventus, who would become fierce rivals of Parma's. This rivalry and the influence of Parmalat led to the demotion of the white shirts to the away kit, so the side wore yellow and blue hooped shirts at home for six seasons between 1998 and 2004, and navy blue shirts often worn as third choice in this period. This was a time of great success for the club, thus the shirts have become synonymous with Parma, often still called the Gialloblu (Yellow and Blues) today, despite a recent reversion to the traditional white shirts emblazoned with a cross caused by parent company Parmalat's collapse and the clubs subsequent re-foundation as Parma Football Club. Yellow and blue are normally Parma's away kit colours, used in various combinations since 2004, such as vertical stripes, hoops, crosses or as solid colour designs.

File:Parma F.C. Centenary Badge.png

Parma's centenary badge

Parma's logo changed in 2005 to reflect the name change from Parma A.C. to Parma F.C., but the logo otherwise remained the same, encompassing the city colours of yellow and blue and the club's traditional black cross set on a white background, and has not changed much in years, although it was dramatically overhauled to feature a prancing bull for one season in 2000–01 before it was criticised and discontinued in favour of the old badge. A new badge with broadly similar features was introduced for the 2014–15 season following the use of a commemorative centenary badge for the 2013–14 campaign.

Grounds

Main articles: Stadio Ennio Tardini and Centro Sportivo di Collecchio

Stadio Ennio Tardini, Parma's home stadium

Parma initially had no permanent home and used the Piazza d'Armi, where two wooden posts constituted the frame of each goal. In December 1914, the club began to use land between the Via Emilia, the Eridania refinery and the Ferraguti factory, but it was sold, so the club returned to the Piazza d'Armi before transferring to the Tre Pioppi, the first fenced-off pitch in the city. Parma moved into their current stadium, the Stadio Ennio Tardini, in 1923, although the stadium has since been overhauled and altered drastically from the vision of Ennio Tardini, under whose auspices the stadium was to be built, but who died before completion of the venue. Much of the renovation took place after the club's first promotion to Serie A at the start of the 1990s. The stadium's usable capacity stands at 27,906, but only 23,045 are authorised to enter at once following the 2009 death of Vicenza fan Eugene Bortolon in the Curva Sud.

Expansion or renovation plans are often discussed at the highest level of the club's hierarchy and the Comune di Parma, but no project has received unanimous support. This is partly because the football club rent the stadium and often have interests which conflict with those of the municipal authority. The tenancy expires in 2031. One project which both club and council had agreed on was the potential redevelopment for Italy's potential hosting of Euro 2016. The bid was eventually unsuccessful, but included plans for an improved 31,397 all-seater stadium. An alternative to the development of the Tardini is the construction of a new stadium. Recent reports suggest the stadium is unfit for use in UEFA competitions due to the inadequacy of its seating. Either way, the state of stadium ownership in Italy, where only Juventus own their stadium, is widely viewed as unsatisfactory.

The first team trains and plays most of its home friendly matches at the Centro Sportivo di Collecchio in Collecchio, which is located 15.4 kilometres to the south-west of the stadium. Three of Parma's youth teams – the under-20s, the under-17s and the under-16s – play their home matches in the same complex. The under-15s and below train at Campi Stuard.

Support

The coat of arms of the House of Farnese – creators of the Duchy of Parma – whose colours are the inspiration for many of the club's kits

The supporters of Parma are seen as placid fans, something for which they are derided. Traditionally, they have been seen as fans who enjoy the spectacle of football and are less partisan, although they have been more characterised by impatience of late. In Northeast Italy, the team is the fifth best supported, behind Internazionale, Juventus, A.C. Milan and Bologna, the first three of which are not based in that region. They are represented by three main groups: il Centro di Coordinamento dei Parma Club (which represents most of the fanbase), l'Associazione Petitot and the club's ultras, Boys Parma, which was established on 3 August 1977 by young fans wanting to split from the Centro di Coordinamento and to encourage meetings with opposition fans. The Boys Parma occupy the northern end of the home stadium, La Curva Nord, directly opposite to where the away fans sit in the south stand. In 2008, the Curva Nord was renamed in honour of Boys Parma 1977 member Matteo Bagnaresi, who died when he was run over on the way to the Tardini by a coach which was carrying the opposition Juventus fans. In a not uncommon practice, the number 12 shirt has been reserved for the Parma fans, meaning no player is registered to play with that number on his kit for the club. The implication is that the supporters, particularly those of the famous Curva Nord, are the twelfth man. The last player to be registered with the number was Gabriele Giroli for the 2002–03 season. Parma's club anthem is Il grido di battaglia, which means The Battle Cry. For 2011–12, Parma had 7,559 season ticket holders.

Rivalries

Main articles: Derby del Grana and Derby d'Emilia

Parma maintains rivalries with regional and national clubs; some of these are keenly fought local derbies. Historically, Derby del Grana (or, less commonly, Derby dell'Enza) opponents Reggiana and Derby d'Emilia opponents Bologna have been the club's bitterest rivals. The ill-feeling with Reggiana comes from a traditional city rivalry between Parma and Reggio Emilia; Bologna and Parma are Emilia-Romagna's two most decorated clubs, winning the region's only domestic titles: 7 Serie A titles and 5 Coppe Italia. Two other local derbies are the Derby dei Ducati, which is contested with neighbours Modena, and the Derby del Ducato, which is played against Piacenza. Despite their relative obscurity, Lombardian side Cremonese and Tuscan outfit Carrarese, to Parma's north and south, respectively, are both seen as rivals too. Of these local derbies, only the Derby d'Emilia is played regularly because only Bologna play in Serie A alongside Parma.

Juventus is considered a great rival of Parma largely due to their recent duels, which include Parma's 1995 UEFA Cup victory, its first and third Coppa Italia triumphs, Supercoppa Italiana defeats in 1995 and 2002, and its 1995 domestic cup final defeat to The Old Lady. These six matches comprise nearly half of the fourteen major finals Parma has participated in. Ironically, Parma's colours have their origins in those Juventus wears, and the switch from white and black to a yellow and blue home kit in the late 1990s took place in order to distance and distinguish Parma from Juventus. Parma maintain keenly fought rivalries with Vicenza and Genoa.

In Italy, it is common for clubs to be twinned in an arrangement called gemellaggi. This is a practice uncommon elsewhere. Parma enjoy amicable relations with Empoli in an arrangement that dates back to a game played in foggy conditions in 1984 that ended in the Parma fans congratulating those of Empoli on their win when the full-time whistle was blown without the Azzurri fans' knowledge. Perhaps a more current bond is felt towards the fans of Sampdoria.

Ownership and finances

Parma F.C. S.p.A.

Company type	S.p.A.
Revenue	€83.185M (2012–13)
Operating income	(€21.253M) (2012–13)
Net income	(€3.224M) (2012–13)
Total assets	€212.539M (2012–13)
Total equity	€23.255M (2012–13)
Number of employees	101
Parent	Eventi Sportivi S.p.A.

On 19 December 2014, Tommaso Ghirardi sold his 66.55% controlling stake in Eventi Sportivi S.p.A. to Dastraso Holding Ltd, a company based in Cyprus and owned by Cypriots and Russians. He had majority-owned the club since January 2007, having been sold it for less than €3m by Enrico Bondi in the wake of Parmalat's financial crisis.

The club is a limited liability company that is wholly owned by parent company Eventi Sportivi S.p.A.. Prior to the club's sale in 2014, Ghirardi owned roughly 70% of Eventi Sportivi; Alberto Rossi and Alberto Volpi each bought 5% of Eventi Sportivi on 21 July 2011 for a combined €7.5M to reduce Ghirardi's ownership to that approximate figure. Other shareholders are Vice-President Diego Penocchio (who has a 5% personal shareholding and 5% through Ormis S.p.A., another mechanics company), Banca Monte Parma (less than 5%) and Marco Ferrari (5%). Under Ghirardi, five further directors were appointed, including Pietro Leonardi, to maintain a boardroom majority (six to five).

The club is one of the members of the European Club Association, which was formed after the dissolution of the G-14, a smaller international group of Europe's most elite clubs of which Parma was not a part.

In September 2012, La Gazzetta dello Sport reported the club had the fourteenth highest annual salary bill in Italian football, paying €21.2M to 25 players, although these reported figures are generally underestimates, as they only include the basic salaries of the first-team squad; the club reported the figure to be €38.1M for the previous season (89% of non-transfer revenue; UEFA recommends this to be below 70%). From the 2010–11 season, Serie A clubs have collective television rights rather than individually negotiated rights for the first time since 1998–99, mimicking the world's most commercially successful league: the Premier League. The domestic rights to broadcast live matches for 2011–13 were sold for €1.748bn to Sky Italia and RAI, among others, and MP & Silva bought the worldwide rights for €181.5M for 2010–12. These figures resulted in higher broadcasting revenues for Parma, with larger clubs suffering from the centralisation of the selling of rights, although clubs do not receive an equal share and Parma's support, recent and historical results, and the city's size, count against them in the assessment of exact shares. The club has three offices: one at the Stadio Ennio Tardini, one at the Centro Sportivo di Collecchio and one in Shanghai.

Players

First-team squad

As of 1 September 2014.

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
1	GK	ITA	Alex Cordaz
2	DF	ITA	Mattia Cassani
4	DF	POR	Pedro Mendes
5	FW	ALG	Abdelkader Ghezzal
6	DF	ITA	Alessandro Lucarelli (captain)
7	MF	FRA	Jonathan Biabiany
8	MF	ITA	José Mauri
9	FW	ITA	Nicola Pozzi
10	FW	ALG	Ishak Belfodil
11	DF	ITA	Paolo De Ceglie (on loan from Juventus)
13	DF	MKD	Stefan Ristovski
14	MF	ITA	Daniele Galloppa
15	DF	ITA	Andrea Costa
17	FW	ITA	Raffaele Palladino
18	MF	ITA	Massimo Gobbi
19	DF	BRA	Felipe

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
20	MF	MAR	Soufiane Bidaoui
21	MF	ITA	Francesco Lodi (on loan from Catania)
22	GK	ITA	Alessandro Iacobucci
23	FW	UZB	Ivan Nagaev (on loan from Lokomotiv Tashkent)
27	DF	ITA	Fabiano Santacroce
29	DF	ITA	Gabriel Paletta
30	MF	GHA	Afriyie Acquah
31	MF	KEN	McDonald Mariga
33	DF	ITA	Andrea Rispoli
40	MF	SEN	Badara Sarr
70	MF	BRA	Lucas Souza
80	MF	CHI	Cristóbal Jorquera
83	GK	ITA	Antonio Mirante
88	FW	ITA	Massimo Coda
92	GK	CRO	Marijan Ćorić
99	FW	ITA	Antonio Cassano

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
26	MF	ITA	Gianluca Musacci (at Frosinone)
48	FW	ITA	Alberto Cerri (at Virtus Lanciano)
60	MF	SRB	Filip Janković (at Catania)
—	GK	ITA	Francesco Anacoura (at Pro Vercelli)
—	GK	SVK	Pavol Bajza (at Crotone)
—	GK	ITA	Ivan Cacchioli (at L'Aquila)
—	GK	ITA	Alessandro Piacenti (at Vigor Lamezia)
—	GK	ITA	Mirko Pigliacelli (at Frosinone)
—	GK	ITA	Matteo Pisseri (at Juve Stabia)
—	GK	ITA	Nicola Ravaglia (at Cosenza)
—	GK	ITA	Mirko Ronchi (at Ascoli Picchio)
—	GK	ITA	Andrea Rossini (at Lupa Roma)
—	GK	ITA	Stefano Russo (at Salernitana)
—	DF	ITA	Errico Altobello (at Messina)
—	DF	ITA	Angelo Bencivenga (at Foggia)
—	DF	ITA	Dario Castaldo (at Lumezzane)
—	DF	ITA	Paolo Dametto (at Prato)
—	DF	ITA	Cristian Dell'Orco (at Ascoli Picchio)
—	DF	FRA	Abdelaye Diakité (at Teramo)
—	DF	ITA	Matteo Di Gennaro (at Renate)
—	DF	ITA	Alessandro Favalli (at Cremonese)
—	DF	MAR	Zouhair Feddal (at Palermo)
—	DF	ITA	Gianmarco Ferrari (at Crotone)
—	DF	SWE	Carlos García Ambrosiani (at Jönköpings until 1 December 2014)
—	DF	ITA	Abel Gigli (at Crotone)
—	DF	ITA	Alberto Giuliatto (at Venezia)
—	DF	ITA	Matteo Legittimo (at S.P.A.L.)
—	DF	ITA	Giordano Maccarone (at L'Aquila)
—	DF	ITA	Marco Paolini (at San Marino)
—	DF	ITA	Andrea Rossi (at Latina)
—	DF	ITA	Cristiano Spirito (at Vigor Lamezia)
—	DF	ITA	Giuseppe Pacini (at Tuttocuoio)
—	DF	ITA	Giuseppe Prestia (at Oțelul Galați)
—	DF	GRE	Lazaros Fotias (at Zakynthos)
—	MF	BFA	Yves Benoit Bationo (at Nîmes)
—	MF	ITA	Daniele Bazzoffia (at Olhanense)

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
—	MF	ITA	Luca Berardocco (at Crotone)
—	MF	ITA	Andrea Casarini (at Savona)
—	MF	ITA	Cosimo Chiricò (at Ascoli Picchio)
—	MF	ITA	Federico Di Francesco (at Cremonese)
—	MF	ITA	Andrea Dragonetti (at Salernitana)
—	MF	ITA	Francesco Finocchio (at Pisa)
—	MF	ITA	Manuel Giandonato (at Salernitana)
—	MF	ITA	Antonio Grillo (at Salernitana)
—	MF	ITA	Antonio Maglia (at Vigor Lamezia)
—	MF	ITA	Michele Moroni (at Cremonese)
—	MF	ITA	Stefano Morrone (at Pisa)
—	MF	ITA	Domenico Mungo (at Pistoiese)
—	MF	ITA	Gianni Munari (at Watford)
—	MF	ITA	Cristian Pedrinelli (at Renate)
—	MF	ITA	Gabriele Puccio (at Vigor Lamezia)
—	MF	ITA	Stefano Rossini (at Vigor Lamezia)
—	MF	ITA	Mattia Sandrini (at Real Vicenza)
—	MF	ITA	Andrea Scicchitano (at Santarcangelo)
—	MF	ITA	Mattia Sprocati (at Crotone)
—	MF	TUN	Nabil Taïder (at Lokomotiv Sofia)
—	MF	HUN	Dániel Tőzsér (at Watford)
—	MF	ITA	Pietro Tripoli (at Pistoiese)
—	MF	ITA	Gianluca Turchetta (at Matera)
—	FW	PAN	Jorman Aguilar (at Olhanense)
—	FW	ARG	Juan Antonio (at FeralpiSalò)
—	FW	ITA	Daniele Bernasconi (at L'Aquila)
—	FW	ITA	Leandro Campagna (at Melfi)
—	FW	ITA	Camillo Ciano (at Crotone)
—	FW	ITA	Mauro Cioffi (at Vllaznia)
—	FW	ITA	Riccardo Cocuzza (at Renate)
—	FW	BRA	Denilson Gabionetta (at Salernitana)
—	FW	ITA	Gianluca Lapadula (at Teramo)
—	FW	URU	Gonzalo Mastriani (at Olhanense)
—	FW	ITA	Gianvito Misuraca (at Pisa)
—	FW	ITA	Vito Falconieri (at Pavia)
—	FW	ITA	Gianpiero Tozzi (at Aprilia)

At Gubbio

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
—	DF	ITA	Alberto Galuppo
—	DF	ITA	Pietro Manganelli
—	MF	ITA	Daniele Casiraghi
—	MF	ITA	Tommaso Domini

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
—	MF	ITA	Massimo Loviso
—	FW	ITA	Michele Bentoglio
—	FW	ITA	Alessandro Luparini

At Paganese

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
—	DF	ITA	Tommaso Cancelloni
—	DF	ITA	Angelo Tartaglia
—	MF	ITA	Pietro Baccolo

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
—	MF	ITA	Francesco Deli
—	FW	ITA	Cristiano Bussi
—	FW	ITA	Giuseppe Caccavallo

At Gorica

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
—	DF	SVN	Matija Širok
—	DF	SVN	Alen Jogan
—	DF	ITA	Marco Modolo
—	DF	ITA	Lorenzo Pasqualini

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
—	DF	BRA	Ronaldo Vanin
—	MF	NGA	Ezekiel Henty
—	MF	SVN	Amedej Vetrih
—	FW	ITA	Daniele Gragnoli

Passive Co-ownership

Only sold from Parma were listed

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
—	GK	ITA	Francesco Anacoura (with Juventus)
—	GK	ITA	Diego Manzoni (with Genoa)
—	GK	BRA	Caio Secco (with Crotone)
—	DF	ITA	Federico Davighi (with Novara)
—	DF	ITA	Thomas Fabbri (with Cesena)
—	DF	SEN	Dembel Sall (with Bari)

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
—	MF	ITA	Simone Palermo (with Cremonese)
—	MF	CRO	Tomislav Šarić (with Crotone)
—	MF	ITA	Emiliano Storani (with Ascoli Picchio)
—	FW	ITA	Andrea Brighenti (with Cremonese)
—	FW	FRA	Grégoire Defrel (with Cesena)
—	FW	ITA	Miloš Malivojević (with Vicenza)

Co-ownership deals expire 30 June 2015.

Other under contract players

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
—	GK	ITA	Matteo Bibba
—	GK	ITA	Stefano Addario
—	GK	CAN	Robert Stillo
—	DF	ITA	Mauro Cerquetani
—	DF	ITA	Simone Ciciotti
—	DF	ITA	Andrea Giallombardo
—	DF	AUS	Calvin Lovric
—	DF	FRA	Sem Ogolong
—	DF	FIN	Jonas Portin
—	DF	ITA	Alessandro Vecchi
—	MF	ITA	Nicola Alvaro
—	MF	GHA	Godfred Adofo
—	MF	ITA	Alessio Aracu
—	MF	ITA	Matteo Bellucci
—	MF	ITA	Giovanni Catalano
—	MF	ITA	Matteo Ciuffetti

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
—	MF	ITA	Gianmaria Cucurnia
—	MF	ITA	Luigi Del Giudice
—	MF	ITA	Manuel La Rosa
—	MF	ITA	Andrea Marteddu
—	MF	ITA	Gabriele Paonessa
—	MF	MNE	Irfan Šahman
—	MF	ITA	Mirko Velardi
—	MF	BRA	Vicente
—	FW	FRA	Brice Bonelli
—	FW	LTU	Tomas Danilevičius
—	FW	ITA	Carmine De Sena
—	FW	ITA	Giuseppe De Vincentis
—	FW	ITA	Nicolò Lolli
—	FW	ITA	Alberto Ricter
—	FW	ITA	Simone Smacchia
—	FW	GUI	Bongoura Thiam

Retired numbers

See also: Retired numbers in football

12 – Since the 2002–03 season, Curva Nord of the Stadio Ennio Tardini, as a sign of recognition towards the fans who sit in the Curva Nord, considered the 12th man in the pitch.

Academy

For information on Parma's youth teams, see Parma F.C. Academy.

Former players

For details of former players, see List of Parma F.C. players and Category:Parma F.C. players.

Club captains

For a list of club captains, see List of Parma F.C. players#Club captains.

Player records

For player records, including player awards, see Parma F.C. statistics and records.

Club officials

Board room

• President: Pietro Doca
• Managing director: Pietro Leonardi
• Technical director: Antonello Preiti
• Club secretary: Alessio Paini
• Team manager: Alessandro Melli

Coaching staff

• Head coach: Roberto Donadoni
• Assistant coach: Luca Gotti
• Fitness coaches: Giovanni Andreini, Niccolò Prandelli
• Goalkeeping coach: Luca Bucci
• Technical coach: Mario Bortolazzi
• Youth team head coach: Fausto Pizzi

Presidential history

Parma has had numerous presidents over the course of its history; here is a complete list of them:

Name Years Violi, Porcelli and Spaggiari 1913–14 Carlo Melli and Alberto Poletti 1914–15 Ing. Tedeschi 1919–20 Conte L. Lusignani 1920–21 Ennio Tardini 1921–23 Gabbi 1923–24 Giuseppe Muggia and Amoretti 1924–25 Aldo Ortali 1925–26 Giovanni Canali 1926–28 Emilio Grossi 1928–29 Giuseppe Amoretti 1929–30 Cesare Minelli 1930–35 Emilio Grossi 1935–36 Filippo Bonati 1936–37 Nino Medioli 1937–38 Medardo Ghini 1938–40 Giuseppe Scotti 1940–43 Giorgio Zanichelli 1945–46 Raimondo Bortesi 1946–47 Amerigo Ghirardi 1947–48

Name Years Bruno Avanzini 1948–51 Bonifazio Lupi di Soragna 1951–53 Umberto Agnetti, Del Frate, Campanini and Viani 1953–54 Fabrizio Cartolari 1954–58 Giuseppe Agnetti 1958–65 Walter Molinari 1965–66 Gino Camorali 1966–67 Vittorio Blarzino 1967–68 Zanichelli and Pizzighoni 1968–69 Ermes Foglia 1969–73 Arnaldo Musini 1973–76 Ernesto Ceresini 1976–90 Fulvio Ceresini 1990 Giorgio Pedraneschi 1990–96 Stefano Tanzi 1996–04 Enrico Bondi 2004 Guido Angiolini 2004–06 Enrico Bondi 2006–07 Tommaso Ghirardi 2007–2014 Pietro Doca 2014 Fabio Giordano 2014–present

Managerial history

Main article: List of Parma F.C. managers

Below is a list of Parma managers since the end of the First World War until the present day.

Name Nationality Years Violi, Porcelli, Spaggiari 1919–20 Percy Humphrey 1920–21 Adolf Riebe 1921–23 Guido Ara 1923–24 Gabbi, Forlivesi 1924–25 Carlo Achatzi 1925–26 Ghini, Stuardt 1926–27 Emilio Grossi 1927–28 Raoul Violi 1928–29 Emilio Grossi 1929–30 Armand Halmos 1930–31 Emilio Grossi 1931–32 Crotti 1932–33 Tito Mistrali 1933–36 Alfredo Mattioli 1936–37 Elvio Banchero 1937–38 Pál Szalaj 1938–39 József Wereb 1939–40 Sam Trevors 1940–42 Italo Defendi 1942–43 Giuseppe Carlo Ferrari 1945–46 Renato Cattaneo, Lombatti, Frione, Mistrali 1946–47 Bruno Dentelli, Giovanni Mazzoni, Dietrich, Tagliani 1947–48 Renato Cattaneo, Giuberti, Mistrali, Giuseppe Carlo Ferrari, Lombatti, Carlo Rigotti 1948–49

Name Nationality Years Carlo Rigotti 1949–50 Giovanni Mazzoni, Boni, Mattioli 1950–51 Paolo Tabanelli 1951–53 Carlo Alberto Quario 1953–54 Ivo Fiorentini 1954–56 Oliveri, Giuberti 1956–57 Čestmír Vycpálek 1956–58 Guido Mazetti 1958–60 Mario Genta 1960–62 Canforini 1962–63 Diotallevi, Arnaldo Sentimenti 1963–64 Oliveri, Giuberti 1956–57 Bruno Arcari 1964–65 Ivano Corghi 1965–66 Dante Boni 1965–67 Giancarlo Vitali 1967–68 Dante Boni 1968–69 Giancarlo Vitali 1969–70 Stefano Angeleri 1970–72 Antonio Soncini 1972 Giorgio Sereni 1973–74 Renato Gei 1974–75 Giovanni Meregalli 1975–76 Tito Corsi 1976–77 Bruno Mora 1977 Gianni Corelli, Giorgio Visconti 1977–78 Graziano Landoni 1978 Cesare Maldini 1978–80 Domenico Rosati 1980–81 Giorgio Sereni 1981 Giancarlo Danova 1981–83

Name Nationality Years Bruno Mora 1983 Marino Perani 1983–85 Silvano Flaborea 1985 Pietro Carmignani 1985 Arrigo Sacchi 1985–87 Zdeněk Zeman 1987 Giampiero Vitali 1987–89 Nevio Scala 1989–96 Carlo Ancelotti 1996–98 Alberto Malesani 1998–01 Arrigo Sacchi 2001 Renzo Ulivieri 2001 Daniel Passarella 2001 Pietro Carmignani 2001–02 Cesare Prandelli 2002–04 Silvio Baldini 2004–05 Pietro Carmignani 2005 Mario Beretta 2005–06 Stefano Pioli 2006–07 Claudio Ranieri 2007 Domenico Di Carlo 2007–08 Héctor Cúper 2008 Andrea Manzo 2008 Luigi Cagni 2008 Francesco Guidolin 2008–10 Pasquale Marino 2010–11 Franco Colomba 2011–12 Roberto Donadoni 2012–

Honours

Parma has won eight major titles in their history, all coming in a period of ten years between 1992 and 2002. These honours make it the tenth most successful team in Italian football history in terms of the number of major trophies won, the fourth most successful team in European competition, after Milan, Juventus and Inter, and, along with Milan, the only club in Italy to have won more international than domestic honours.

National

Hernán Crespo (pictured in 2011) represented the club in two spells, winning three trophies and becoming the club's all-time record goalscorer.

• Coppa Italia:
  • Winners (3): 1991–92, 1998–99, 2001–02
  • Runners-up (2): 1994–95, 2000–01

• Supercoppa Italiana:
  • Winners (1): 1999
  • Runners-up (3): 1992, 1995, 2002

• Serie A:
  • Runners-up (1): 1996–97

• Serie B:
  • Runners-up (1): 2008–09

European

• UEFA Cup:
  • Winners (2): 1994–95, 1998–99

• European Super Cup:
  • Winners (1): 1993

• European Cup Winners' Cup:
  • Winners (1): 1992–93
  • Runners-up (1): 1993–94

Minor

• Prima Divisione:
  • Runners-up (1): 1928–29

• Seconda Divisione:
  • Winners (1): 1924–25

• Promozione:
  • Runners-up (1): 1919–20

• Serie C:
  • Winners (4): 1953–54, 1972–73, 1983–84, 1985–86
  • Runners-up (2): 1942–43, 1978–79

• Serie D:
  • Winners (1): 1969–70

• Coppa delle Alpi:
  • Winners (1): 1960–61

Bibliography

• Bellè, Gianfranco; Gandolfi, Giorgio (2003). 90 anni del Parma calcio 1913–2003 (in Italian). Parma: Azzali Editore. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
• Dunford, Martin (1 March 2011). The Rough Guide to Italy (10th ed.). Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84836-717-3. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
• Giulianotti, Richard (16 August 1999). Football: a sociology of the global game. Polity Press. ISBN 978-0-333-94612-1. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
• Melegari, Fabrizio, ed. (2007). Calciatori del Parma (I Crociati nelle figurine Panini) (in Italian). Modena: Panini Group. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
• Morrow, Stephen (30 September 2003). The people's game?: football, finance, and society. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-94612-1. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
• Sappino, Marco (2000). Dizionario del calcio italiano (in Italian). Vol. 2. Baldini & Castoldi. ISBN 978-88-8089-862-7. Retrieved 23 February 2012. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)

External links

• Official website Template:En icon Template:It icon
• Parma at Serie A Template:En icon Template:It icon
• Parma at Football Italia
• Parma at ESPN Soccernet