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! IPA !! Hindi !! Urdu !! English equivalent
! IPA !! Hindi !! Urdu !! English equivalent
|-
|-
|<big> b</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
| ब || ب || align="left"| a'''b'''ash
| ब || ب || align="left"| a'''b'''ash
|-
|-
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| ढ || ڈھ || align="left"| gua'''rdh'''ouse
| ढ || ڈھ || align="left"| gua'''rdh'''ouse
|-
|-
|<big> dʒ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|dʒ}}</big>
| ज || ج || align="left"| he'''dg'''e
| ज || ج || align="left"| he'''dg'''e
|-
|-
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| झ || جھ || align="left"| he'''dgeh'''og
| झ || جھ || align="left"| he'''dgeh'''og
|-
|-
|<big> f</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
| फ़ || ف || align="left"| '''f'''ood
| फ़ || ف || align="left"| '''f'''ood
|-
|-
|<big> ɡ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
| ग || گ || align="left"| a'''g'''ate
| ग || گ || align="left"| a'''g'''ate
|-
|-
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| घ || گھ || align="left"| pi'''gh'''eaded
| घ || گھ || align="left"| pi'''gh'''eaded
|-
|-
|<big> h</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
| ः || rowspan=2| ح || align="left"| '''h'''ead (final only)
| ः || rowspan=2| ح || align="left"| '''h'''ead (final only)
|-
|-
|<big> ɦ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɦ}}</big>
| ह || align="left"| a'''h'''ead
| ह || align="left"| a'''h'''ead
|-
|-
|<big> j</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
| य || ي || align="left"| '''y'''ak
| य || ي || align="left"| '''y'''ak
|-
|-
|<big> ɟ, ɟʱ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɟ}}, ɟʱ</big>
| align="left" colspan=4| (sometimes seen for [dʒ, dʒʱ])
| align="left" colspan=4| (sometimes seen for [dʒ, dʒʱ])
|-
|-
|<big> k</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
| क || ک || align="left"| s'''c'''an
| क || ک || align="left"| s'''c'''an
|-
|-
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| ख || کھ || align="left"| '''c'''an
| ख || کھ || align="left"| '''c'''an
|-
|-
|<big> l</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
| ल || ل || align="left"| '''l'''eaf
| ल || ل || align="left"| '''l'''eaf
|-
|-
|<big> m</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
| म || م || align="left"| '''m'''uch
| म || م || align="left"| '''m'''uch
|-
|-
|<big> n</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
| न || ن || align="left"| '''n'''ot
| न || ن || align="left"| '''n'''ot
|-
|-
|<big> ɳ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɳ}}</big>
| ण || ڻ || align="left"| bu'''rn'''er <br>(Sanskrit; often [n])
| ण || ڻ || align="left"| bu'''rn'''er <br>(Sanskrit; often [n])
|-
|-
|<big> ŋ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
| ं || - || align="left"| ba'''n'''k
| ं || - || align="left"| ba'''n'''k
|-
|-
|<big> p</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
| प || پ || align="left"| s'''p'''an
| प || پ || align="left"| s'''p'''an
|-
|-
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| फ || پھ || align="left"| '''p'''an
| फ || پھ || align="left"| '''p'''an
|-
|-
|<big> q</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|q}}</big>
| क़ || ق || align="left"| a ''k'' in the throat <br>(Urdu; often [k] in Hindi)
| क़ || ق || align="left"| a ''k'' in the throat <br>(Urdu; often [k] in Hindi)
|-
|-
|<big> r</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big>
| र || ر || align="left"| trilled ''r''
| र || ر || align="left"| trilled ''r''
|-
|-
|<big> ɽ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɽ}}</big>
| ड, ड़ || ڑ || align="left"| US: la''rd''er
| ड, ड़ || ڑ || align="left"| US: la''rd''er
|-
|-
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| ढ, ढ़ || ڑھ || align="left"| as {{IPA|[ɽ]}} plus ''h''
| ढ, ढ़ || ڑھ || align="left"| as {{IPA|[ɽ]}} plus ''h''
|-
|-
|<big> s</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
| स || س || align="left"| '''s'''ue
| स || س || align="left"| '''s'''ue
|-
|-
|<big> ʂ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʂ}}</big>
| ष || – || align="left"| wo'''rsh'''ip <br>(Sanskrit; often [ʃ])
| ष || – || align="left"| wo'''rsh'''ip <br>(Sanskrit; often [ʃ])
|-
|-
|<big> ʃ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
| श || ش || align="left"| '''sh'''oe
| श || ش || align="left"| '''sh'''oe
|-
|-
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| थ || تھ || align="left"| '''t'''able
| थ || تھ || align="left"| '''t'''able
|-
|-
|<big> ʈ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʈ}}</big>
| ट || ٹ || align="left"| a'''rt'''
| ट || ٹ || align="left"| a'''rt'''
|-
|-
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| ठ || ٹھ || align="left"| a'''rt-h'''istorian
| ठ || ٹھ || align="left"| a'''rt-h'''istorian
|-
|-
|<big> tʃ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|tʃ}}</big>
| च || چ || align="left"| ca'''tch'''
| च || چ || align="left"| ca'''tch'''
|-
|-
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| छ || چھ || align="left"| '''ch'''oose
| छ || چھ || align="left"| '''ch'''oose
|-
|-
|<big> ʋ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʋ}}</big>
| व || و || align="left"| between ''w'' and ''v''
| व || و || align="left"| between ''w'' and ''v''
|-
|-
|<big> x</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big>
| ख़ || خ || align="left"| Ba'''ch''' <br>{{nowrap|(Urdu; often [kʰ] in Hindi)}}
| ख़ || خ || align="left"| Ba'''ch''' <br>{{nowrap|(Urdu; often [kʰ] in Hindi)}}
|-
|-
|<big> ɣ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɣ}}</big>
| ग़ || غ || align="left"| like a French ''r'' <br>(Urdu; often [ɡ] in Hindi)
| ग़ || غ || align="left"| like a French ''r'' <br>(Urdu; often [ɡ] in Hindi)
|-
|-
|<big> z</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
| ज़ || ز || align="left"| '''z'''en
| ज़ || ز || align="left"| '''z'''en
|}
|}
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| ऐ, पै || align="left"| ''y'''e'''ll''
| ऐ, पै || align="left"| ''y'''e'''ll''
|-
|-
|<big> ə</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big>
| अ, प || بَ || align="left"| ''n'''u'''t''
| अ, प || بَ || align="left"| ''n'''u'''t''
|-
|-
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| ई, पी || ی || align="left"| ''f'''ee'''t''
| ई, पी || ی || align="left"| ''f'''ee'''t''
|-
|-
|<big> ɪ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɪ}}</big>
| इ, पि || بِ || align="left"| ''d'''i'''ll''
| इ, पि || بِ || align="left"| ''d'''i'''ll''
|-
|-
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| ऊ, पू || align="left"| ''l'''oo'''t''
| ऊ, पू || align="left"| ''l'''oo'''t''
|-
|-
|<big> ʊ</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʊ}}</big>
| उ, पु || بُ || align="left"| ''l'''oo'''k''
| उ, पु || بُ || align="left"| ''l'''oo'''k''
|-
|-

Revision as of 05:03, 15 July 2010

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindi and Urdu pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Hindi-Urdu phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Hindustani.

Consonants
IPA Hindi Urdu English equivalent
b ब ب abash
bʱ भ بھ abhor
c, cʰ (sometimes seen for [tʃ, tʃʰ])
d̪ द د ado (closer to French d)
d̪ʱ ध دھ adhere
ɖ ड ڈ guard
ɖʱ ढ ڈھ guardhouse
dʒ ज ج hedge
dʒʱ झ جھ hedgehog
f फ़ ف food
ɡ ग گ agate
ɡʱ घ گھ pigheaded
h ः ح head (final only)
ɦ ह ahead
j य ي yak
ɟ, ɟʱ (sometimes seen for [dʒ, dʒʱ])
k क ک scan
kʰ ख کھ can
l ल ل leaf
m म م much
n न ن not
ɳ ण ڻ burner
(Sanskrit; often [n])
ŋ ं - bank
p प پ span
pʰ फ پھ pan
q क़ ق a k in the throat
(Urdu; often [k] in Hindi)
r र ر trilled r
ɽ ड, ड़ ڑ US: larder
ɽʱ ढ, ढ़ ڑھ as [ɽ] plus h
s स س sue
ʂ ष – worship
(Sanskrit; often [ʃ])
ʃ श ش shoe
t̪ त ت stable (closer to French t)
t̪ʰ थ تھ table
ʈ ट ٹ art
ʈʰ ठ ٹھ art-historian
tʃ च چ catch
tʃʰ छ چھ choose
ʋ व و between w and v
x ख़ خ Bach
(Urdu; often [kʰ] in Hindi)
ɣ ग़ غ like a French r
(Urdu; often [ɡ] in Hindi)
z ज़ ز zen
Vowels
IPA Hindi Urdu English equivalent
aː आ, पा آ, با Spanish or French a to English bra
eː ए, पे ے between yell and Yale
ɛː ऐ, पै yell
ə अ, प بَ nut
iː ई, पी ی feet
ɪ इ, पि بِ dill
oː ओ, पो و old
ɔː औ, पौ law
uː ऊ, पू loot
ʊ उ, पु بُ look
 ̃ ँ nasal vowel
([ãː], [õː], etc.)


Suprasegmentals
IPA
ˈ stress
(placed before stressed syllable)
ː doubled consonant

Notes

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