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* General Central Service, Group A
* General Central Service, Group A
* [[Indian Audits and Accounts Service]], Group A
* [[Indian Audits and Accounts Service]], Group A
* Indian Corporate Law Service,Group A<ref>http://www.civilservice.in/Doubts/What-is-Indian-Corporate-Law-Services-ICLS-How-to-join-apply-ICLS.aspx</ref>
* Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group A
* Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group A
* Indian Cost Accounts Service, Group A
* Indian Cost Accounts Service, Group A

Revision as of 02:20, 28 April 2013

"Indian Civil Service" redirects here. The term may also refer to Imperial Civil Service, the Indian civil services during the British Raj.
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The Civil Services of India (Hindi: भारतीय प्रशासनिक सेवा) (known simply as the Civil Services) refer to the civil service and the permanent bureaucracy of the Government of India. The civil service system is the backbone of the administrative machinery of the country.[1]

In the parliamentary democracy of India, the ultimate responsibility for running the administration rests with the elected representatives of the people which are the ministers. The ministers are accountable to the legislature, elected by the people on the basis of universal adult franchise. The ministers are thus indirectly responsible to the people. But the handful of ministers cannot be expected to deal personally with the manifold problems of modern administration. Thus the ministers lay down the policy and it is for the civil servants to carry out this policy.

The executive decisions are implemented by the Indian civil servants. A civil servant is any person who is a citizen of India appointed by the Government to any civil service or post in connection with the affairs of the Union and includes a civilian in a Defence Service. The members of civil service serve at the pleasure of the President of India and Article 311 of the constitution protects them from politically motivated or vindictive action. Civil servants are employees of the Government of India; however, not all employees of the Government are civil servants. As of 2010, there are total 6.4 million civil servants in India.[2] Civil servants in a personal capacity are paid from the Civil List. Senior civil servants may be called to account by Parliament.

History

The present modern civil services of India is mostly followed on the pattern of the Imperial Civil Service of the British India. It was formed after Independence of India in 1947 from the British India. It was Sardar Patel's vision that the Civil Service should strengthen cohesion and national unity. He wanted a strong and vibrant federal administrative system in which the All India Services would play an important role. True to his conviction, the Civil Services have provided the framework for the administration of the country. The values of integrity, impartiality and merit remain the guiding principles of Indian civil services.

Constitution

The constitution provides for more All India Civil Services branches to be set up by giving the power to the Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Parliament of India) to resolve by a two-thirds majority to establish new all-India services. The Indian Forest Service, Indian Administrative Service and Indian Police Service are the three services set up under this constitutional provision.

Power, Purpose and Responsibilities

The responsibility of the civil services is running the administration of India effectively and efficiently. It is believed that the administration of a vast and diverse country like India requires efficient management of its natural, economic and human resources. The country is managed through a number of Central Government agencies in accordance with the policy directions given by the ministries.

The members of the civil services represent as administrators in the central government and state government; emissaries in the foreign missions/embassies; as tax collectors and revenue commissioners; as civil service commissioned police officers; as permanent respresentative(s) and employees in the United Nations and its agencies and as Chairman, Managing Director, full-time functional Director/Member of the Board of Management of various Public Sector Undertakings/ Enterprises, Corporations, Banks and financial institutions. Civil servants are employed to various agencies of India and can also be appointed as advisors or special duty officers or private secretaries to ministers of the Union and the State Government.

All appointments in the rank of Joint Secretary to Government of India and above, other major appointments, empanelment and extension of tenure is done by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet. However, all appointments in the rank below Joint Secretary in the federal government is done by the Civil Services Board.

Governance

Head of the Civil Service

The highest ranking civil servant is the Chief of the Cabinet Secretariat of Republic of India who is also the Cabinet Secretary. He is ex-officio Chairman of the Civil Services Board; the chief of the Indian Administrative Service and head of all civil services under the rules of business of the Government of India. He also holds the 11th position in the Order of Precedence of India.

The position holder is accountable for ensuring that the Civil Service is equipped with the skills and capability to meet the everyday challenges it faces and that civil servants work in a fair and decent environment.

Name[3] Dates Notes
N. R. Pillai 1950 to 1953 He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service. He is the first head of the civil service since Independence of India and is also the first from the state of Kerala to hold this post.
Y. N. Sukthankar 1953 to 1957 He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service.
M. K. Vellodi 1957 to 1958 He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service. He later served as Chief Minister of Hyderabad State.
Vishnu Sahay 1958 to 1960 He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service.
B. N. Jha 1960 to 1961 He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service.
Vishnu Sahay 1961 to 1962 He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service.
S. S. Khera 1962 to 1964 He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service. He is the first Sikh to become Cabinet secretary. He was known for use of tanks against rioters in meerut riots of 1947.
Dharam Vira 1964 to 1966 He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service.
D. S. Joshi 1966 to 1968 He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service.
B. Sivaraman 1969 to 1970 He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service.
T. Swaminathan 1970 to 1972 He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service.
B. D. Pande 1972 to 1977 He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service. He is the longest serving Cabinet Secretary ever in history of Independent India.
N. K. Mukarji 1977 to 1980 He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service and the last ICS officer to become head of the civil service of Independent India.
S. S. Grewal 1980 to 1981 He is the first IAS to be appointed to this post.
C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao 1981 to 1985 He belongs to the IAS (AP:1949 batch).
P. K. Kaul 1985 to 1986 He belongs to the IAS (UP:1951 batch).
B. G. Deshmukh 1986 to 1989
T. N. Seshan 1989 to 1989 He belongs to the IAS (TN:1955 batch).
V. C. Pande 1989 to 1990 He belongs to the IAS (RJ:1955 batch).
Naresh Chandra 1990 to 1992 He belongs to the IAS (RJ:1956 batch).
S. Rajgopal 1992 to 1993
Zafar Saifullah 1993 to 1994 He belongs to the IAS (KA:1958 batch). He was the first and the only Muslim to have ever been appointed Cabinet Secretary of India.
Surendra Singh 1994 to 1996 He belongs to the IAS (UP:1959 batch).
T. S. R. Subramaniam 1996 to 1998 He belongs to the IAS (UP:1961 batch).
Prabhat Kumar 1998 to 2000 He belongs to the IAS (UP:1963 batch).
T. R. Prasad 2000 to 2002 He belongs to the IAS (AP:1963 batch).
Kamal Pande 2002 to 2004 He belongs to the IAS (UL:1965 batch).
B. K. Chaturvedi 2004 to 2007 He belongs to the IAS (UP:1966 batch).
K. M. Chandrasekhar 2007 to 2011 He belongs to the IAS (KL:1970 batch).
Ajit Seth 2011 to Present He belongs to the IAS (UP:1974 batch).

Values and Codes

Values

A member of the civil service in discharge of his/her functions is to be guided by maintaining absolute integrity, allegiance to the constitution and the law of the nation, patriotism, national pride, devotion to duty, honesty, impartiality and transparency.[4]

Codes

The Government of India promotes values and a certain standard of ethics of requiring and facilitating every civil servant[4]:

  • To discharge official duty with responsibility, honesty, accountability and without discrimination.
  • To ensure effective management, leadership development and personal growth.
  • To avoid misuse of official position or information.
  • To serve as instruments of good governance and foster social economic development.

Construction

The Civil Services of India can be classified into two types - the All India Services and the Central Civil Services (Group A and B). The recruits are university graduates (or above) selected through a rigorous system of examinations, called the Civil Services Examination (CSE) conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).

All India Civil Services (AIS)

All appointments to All India Civil Services are made by the President of India.

Central Civil Services (CCS)

The Central Civil Services are concerned with the administration of the Union Government.

Group A[5]

All appointments to Civil Services, Group A are made by the President of India.

  • Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Services, Group A
  • Archaeological Service, Group A
  • Botanical Survey of India, Group A
  • Central Engineering (Civil) Service, Group A
  • Geological Survey of India, Group A
  • Central Engineering (Electrical and Mechanical) Service, Group A
  • Central Engineering Service (Roads), Group A
  • Central Health Service, Group A
  • Central Information Service
  • Central Legal Service (Grades I)
  • Central Secretariat Official Language Service, Group A
  • Central Power Engineering Service, Group A
  • Central Revenues Chemical Service, Group A
  • Central Secretariat Service, Group A
  • Central Trade Service, Group A
  • Central Water Engineering Service, Group A
  • Company Law Board Service, Group A
  • Directorate General of Civil Aviation DGCA, Group A
  • Directorate General of Mines Safety, Group A
  • Delhi and Andaman and Nicobar Islands Civil Service, Grade I.
  • General Central Service, Group A
  • Indian Audits and Accounts Service, Group A
  • Indian Corporate Law Service,Group A[6]
  • Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group A
  • Indian Cost Accounts Service, Group A
  • Indian Defense Accounts Service, Group A
  • Indian Defence Estates Service, Group A
  • Indian Economic Service, Group A

Group B[7]

All appointments to Group B are made by the authorities specified by a general or special order of the President.

  • Income Tax Service, Group ‘B’
  • Indian Foreign Service, Group ‘B’ - (General Cadre, Grade I and General Cadre, Grade II only)
  • Central Secretariat Service, Group 'B' (Section and Assistants’ Grade officers only)
  • Indian Posts and Telegraphs Accounts and Finance Service, Group ‘B’ Telecommunication Wing.
  • Indian Posts & Telegraphs Accounts & Finance Service, Postal Wing, Group ‘B’
  • Indian Salt Service, Group ‘B’
  • India Meteorological Service, Group ‘B'
  • Central Secretariat Official Language Service, Group ‘B’
  • Central Secretariat Stenographers’ Service, (Grade I, Grade II and Selection Grade officers only)
  • Central Health Service, Group ‘B’
  • Botanical Survey of India, Group 'B'.
  • Geological Survey of India, Group 'B'.
  • Geological Survey of India, Group 'B'.
  • Survey of India, Group 'B'.
  • Zoological Survey of India, Group 'B'.
  • Central Electrical Engineering Service, Group 'B'.
  • Central Engineering Service, Group 'B'.
  • Central Power Engineering Service, Group ‘B’
  • Postal Superintendents’ Service, Group ‘B’
  • Postmasters’ Service, Group ‘B’
  • Telecommunication Engineering Service, Group ‘B’
  • Telegraphs Traffic Service, Group ‘B
  • Central Excise Service, Group ‘B’
  • Customs Appraisers Service, Group ‘B’- (Principal Appraisers and Head Appraisers)
  • Customs Preventive Service, Group ‘B’ – (Chief Inspectors)
  • Defence Secretariat Service
  • Union Territories Administrative Service
  • Union Territorries Police Service

State Civil Services (SCS/PCS)

The State Civil Services (also known as Provincial Civil Services) examinations and recruitments are conducted by the individual states of India. The state civil services deals with subjects such as land revenue, agriculture, forests, education etc. The officers of the state civil services are recruited by different States through the State Public Service Commissions. The categories of services to which candidates are selected through the state civil services (SCS) examination are as under:

  • State Civil Services, Class-II (SCS)
  • State Police Service, Class-II (SPS).
  • State Forest Service, Class-II(SFS).
  • Block Development Officer.
  • Tehsildar/Talukadar/Assistant Collector.
  • Excise and Taxation Officer.
  • District Employment Officer.
  • District Treasury Officer.
  • District Welfare Officer.
  • Assistant Registrar Cooperative Societies.
  • District Food and Supplies Controller/Officer.
  • Any other Class-I/Class-II service notified as per rules by the concerned State i. e. officers/lecturers/ assistant/associate professors/principals of Government Degree Colleges, Class I.

Employment by Agency

Federal Government executive branch civilian employment:

Independent agencies:

Main article: List of Indian agencies

Reforms and Changes

Main articles: Civil service reform in developing countries and Civil Service reform in India

As of 2011, in a duration of past three years over 450 chargesheets have been filed and a total of 943 cases are at different stages of investigation by CBI against civil servants.[8][9]

By a corporate consultancy firm based in Hong Kong in 2012, Indian bureaucracy is ranked and rated as the worst in Asia with a 9.21 rating out of 10.[10][11][12] A paper prepared in 2012 by the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions states that corruption is prevalent at all levels in civil services and it is institutionalized.[13][14]

On 28 November 2011, the Department of Personnel and Training (DOPT) of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions created a proposal to retire and remove incompetent, inefficient and unproductive All India Service officers after 15 years of service, instead of tolerating them to superannuate at the age of 60. Former Cabinet Secretary TSR Subramanian welcomed this move with caution saying, "Periodical weeding out is very good. But the process to determine who needs to be prematurely retired should be fair and transparent. There is a possibility that even good IAS and IPS officers may be targeted because of political reasons,". Former UPSC chairman PC Hota echoed his sentiments remarking that, "We need drastic remedies. The situation has become terrible. The other day an IAS officer in Delhi was arrested for disproportionate assets of Rs.31.5 million. She is just a 2000-batch IAS officer with 11 years of service. But at same time, the officers' service records should be analysed before a decision against him was taken".[15][16][17] The proposal has been accepted and rule 16(3) of the All India Services (death-cum-retirement benefits) Rules of 1958 was amended on 31 January 2012.[15][17][18]

In order to recruit better candidates for the various services, UPSC brought about changes in the Prelims stage of the Civil Services Examination in 2011 by abolishing the optional subject paper and introducing Civil Services Aptitute Test (CSAT). Further changes were made in the Mains stage of the exam from 2013 onwards.

Miscellaneous

Civil Service Day

The Civil Service Day is celebrated on 21 April every year.[19] The purpose for this day is to rededicate and recommit themselves to the cause of the people. It is observed by all Civil Services. This day gives civil servants the opportunity for introspection and thinking about future strategies to deal with the challenges being posed by the changing times.[20]

On this occasion, all officers of Central and State Governments are honoured for excellence in public administration by the Prime Minister of India. The 'Prime Minister Award for Excellence in Public Administration' is presented in three categories. Under this scheme of awards instituted in 2006, all the officers individually or as group or as organization are eligible.[20]

The award includes a medal, scroll and a cash amount of ₹100,000 (US$1,200). In case of a group, the total award money is ₹500,000 (US$6,000) subject to a maximum of ₹100,000 (US$1,200) per person. For an organization the cash amount is limited to ₹500,000 (US$6,000).[20]

See also

References

  1. ^ Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (8 June 2011). "The civil service system". New Delhi: Government of India. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  2. ^ Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (8 June 2010). "The year 2010 Civil Services Report: A Survey" (PDF). New Delhi: Government of India. Retrieved 10 February 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Cabinet Secretariat, Government of India (8 June 2011). "Complete List of Cabinet Secretaries since 1950". New Delhi: Government of India. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  4. ^ a b Misra, P.K. (4 August 2010). "The Role of civil services in India (Standard Note: DOPT/Government of India)" (PDF). Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
  5. ^ Complete Civil Service Schedule of the Civil Services Group A of India." Civil Service Group A - Government of India 1 January 2011.
  6. ^ http://www.civilservice.in/Doubts/What-is-Indian-Corporate-Law-Services-ICLS-How-to-join-apply-ICLS.aspx
  7. ^ Complete Civil Service Schedule of the Central Civil Services Group B of India." Central Civil Service Group B - Government of India 1 January 2011.
  8. ^ "453 IAS, IPS and civil servants chargesheeted in last 3 yrs". New Delhi: Indian Express. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  9. ^ "Over 400 central officers booked in last 3 yrs". New Delhi: Zee News. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  10. ^ "Indian bureaucrats worst in Asia, says PERC study". New Delhi: India Today. 12 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  11. ^ "Indian bureaucracy rated worst in Asia". New Delhi: CNN-IBN. 11 January 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  12. ^ "Indian bureaucracy rates worst in Asia: 2012". New Delhi: Deccan Herald. 11 January 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  13. ^ Sharma, Aman (14 April 2012). "Federal Government paper admits corruption at all levels in civil services". New Delhi: India Today. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  14. ^ "Background Paper for 2012 Civil Services Day: Discussions" (PDF). New Delhi: Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India). 14 April 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  15. ^ a b "Lazy and incompetent babus of the All India Services to retire early". New Delhi: India Today. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  16. ^ "Corruption taint may lead to compulsory retirement for babus". New Delhi: India Today. 21 April 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  17. ^ a b "Proposal to retire incompetent officers after 15-year service". New Delhi: Rediff News. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
  18. ^ "Govt of India notification for amending Rule 16(3) of the All India Service (DCRB) Rules, 1958" (PDF). Govt of India. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
  19. ^ "Civil Services Day". New Delhi: Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. 8 June 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
  20. ^ a b c "The Prime Minister's Awards for Excellence in Public Administration Award Scheme" (PDF). New Delhi: Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. 8 June 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2012.

Official

All India Civil Service

Central Civil Service

Others

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