Jump to content

Phillip Allen Sharp: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Added citations, included brief research summary, changed headings/structure, updated awards, honors, and some activities.
Line 23: Line 23:
}}
}}


'''Phillip Allen Sharp''' (born June 6, 1944) is an [[United States of America|American]] [[geneticist]] and [[molecular biology|molecular biologist]] who co-discovered [[RNA splicing]]. He shared the 1993 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] with [[Richard J. Roberts]] for "the discovery that [[gene]]s in [[eukaryote]]s are not contiguous strings but contain [[intron]]s, and that the splicing of [[messenger RNA]] to delete those introns can occur in different ways, yielding different [[protein]]s from the same DNA sequence".
'''Phillip Allen Sharp''' (born June 6, 1944) is an [[United States of America|American]] [[geneticist]] and [[molecular biology|molecular biologist]] who co-discovered [[RNA splicing]]. He shared the 1993 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] with [[Richard J. Roberts]] for "the discovery that [[gene]]s in [[eukaryote]]s are not contiguous strings but contain [[intron]]s, and that the splicing of [[messenger RNA]] to delete those [[introns]] can occur in different ways, yielding different [[protein]]s from the same DNA sequence".<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/|title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993|date = |accessdate = 12 November 2014|website = Nobelprize.org|publisher = Nobel Media|last = |first = }}</ref>


== Research ==
Sharp’s current research focuses on small RNAs and other types of [[non-coding RNAs]]. His laboratory works to identify the target [[mRNAs]] of [[microRNAs]] (miRNAs), and has discovered a class of miRNAs that are produced from sequences adjacent to [[transcription]] start sites. His laboratory also studies how miRNA gene regulation functions in angiogenesis and cellular stress.
==Biography==
==Biography==
Sharp was born in [[Falmouth, Kentucky]], the son of Kathrin (Colvin) and Joseph Walter Sharp.<ref>http://www.woodheadfuneralhome.com/memsol.cgi?user_id=23549</ref> He studied at [[Union College (Kentucky)|Union College]] and majored in chemistry and mathematics. He completed his Ph.D. in chemistry at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]] in 1969. After completing his Ph.D., he worked at the [[California Institute of Technology]] until 1971, where he studied [[plasmid]]s and, later, [[gene expression]] in human cells at the [[Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory]] under [[James Dewey Watson]].
Sharp was born in [[Falmouth, Kentucky]], the son of Kathrin (Colvin) and Joseph Walter Sharp.<ref>http://www.woodheadfuneralhome.com/memsol.cgi?user_id=23549</ref> Sharp married Ann Holcombe in 1964. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/sharp-bio.html|title = Phillip A. Sharp - Biographical|date = |accessdate = 12 November 2014|website = Nobelprize.org|publisher = Nobel Media AB|last = |first = }}</ref>


Sharp studied at [[Union College (Kentucky)|Union College]] and majored in chemistry and mathematics, afterwards completing his Ph.D. in chemistry at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]] in 1969.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://web.mit.edu/sharplab/cv.html|title = Curriculum Vitae - Phillip A. Sharp, Ph.D.|date = |accessdate = 12 November 2014|website = Sharp Lab|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> Following his Ph.D., he did his postdoctoral training at the [[California Institute of Technology]] until 1971, where he studied [[plasmid]]s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url = http://web.mit.edu/sharplab/shortbio.html|title = Short Bio - Phillip A. Sharp|date = |accessdate = 12 November 2014|website = Sharp Lab|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> Later, he studied [[gene expression]] in human cells at the [[Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory]] as a senior scientist under [[James Dewey Watson]].<ref name=":1" />
⚫
In 1974, he was offered a position at [[MIT]] by biologist [[Salvador Luria]]. He was director of MIT's Center for Cancer Research (now the [[Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research]]) from 1985 to 1991; head of the Biology department from 1991 to 1999; and director of the [[McGovern Institute for Brain Research]] from 2000 to 2004. He is currently a professor of Biology and has been an [[Institute Professor]] since 1999; he is also a member of the Koch Institute. Sharp co-founded Biogen (now part of [[Biogen Idec]]), [[Alnylam Pharmaceuticals]], and [[Magen Biosciences]], and serves on the boards of all three companies.<ref>Biogen Idec, Inc. (2008). “Proxy statement for annual meeting of stockholders to be held
on June 19, 2008 at 9:00 A.M., local time″, 7.</ref> He is an editorial advisor to [[Xconomy]], and is a member of the Board of Scientific Governors at [[The Scripps Research Institute]].


⚫
In 1974, he was offered a position at [[MIT]] by biologist [[Salvador Luria]].<ref name=":1" /> He was director of MIT's Center for Cancer Research (now the [[Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research]]) from 1985 to 1991; head of the Biology department from 1991 to 1999; and director of the [[McGovern Institute for Brain Research]] from 2000 to 2004.<ref name=":0" /> He is currently a professor of Biology and member of the Koch Institute, and has been an [[Institute Professor]] since 1999.<ref name=":0" /> Sharp co-founded Biogen (now part of [[Biogen Idec]]), [[Alnylam Pharmaceuticals]], and [[Magen Biosciences]], and has served on the boards of all three companies.<ref>Biogen Idec, Inc. (2008). “Proxy statement for annual meeting of stockholders to be held on June 19, 2008 at 9:00 A.M., local time″, 7.</ref>
⚫
==Honors==

⚫
==Awards and Honors==
[[File:Phillip A Sharp.jpg|300px|thumb|Phillip Sharp with [[George W. Bush]], at the [[National Medal of Science]] awards in 2006.]]
[[File:Phillip A Sharp.jpg|300px|thumb|Phillip Sharp with [[George W. Bush]], at the [[National Medal of Science]] awards in 2006.]]
In 1988 he was awarded the [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] from [[Columbia University]] together with [[Thomas R. Cech]]. And in 1999 he received the [[Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences]] of the [[American Philosophical Society]].<ref name="franklinscience_recipients">{{cite web|url=http://www.amphilsoc.org/prizes/franklinscience |title=Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences Recipients |publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]] |accessdate=27 November 2011}}</ref>
In addition to the Nobel Prize, Sharp has won several notable awards, including the 2004 [[National Medal of Science]],<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.jsp?recip_id=5100000000428|title = The President's National Medal of Science Recipient Details - Phillip A. Sharp|date = |accessdate = 12 November 2014|website = National Science Foundation|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> the 1999 [[Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences]] of the [[American Philosophical Society]],<ref name="franklinscience_recipients">{{cite web|url=http://www.amphilsoc.org/prizes/franklinscience |title=Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences Recipients |publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]] |accessdate=27 November 2011}}</ref> and the 1988 [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] from [[Columbia University]] together with [[Thomas R. Cech]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/research/horwitz-prize/prize-awardees|title = The Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize for Biology or Biochemistry|date = |accessdate = 12 November 2014|website = Columbia University Medical Center|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>


Sharp is an elected member of several academic societies, including the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.amacad.org/multimedia/pdfs/alphalist.pdf|title = Alphabetical Index of Active Members|date = 5 November 2013|accessdate = 12 November 2014|website = American Academy of Arts and Sciences|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]],<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://membercentral.aaas.org/fellows|title = Fellows|date = |accessdate = 12 November 2014|website = American Association for the Advancement of Science|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> the [[National Academy of Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/50570.html|title = Phillip A. Sharp|date = |accessdate = 12 November 2014|website = National Academy of Sciences|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> and the [[Institute of Medicine]] of the National Academies.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0000050570|title = Directory: IOM Member - Phillip A. Sharp, Ph.D.|date = |accessdate = 12 November 2014|website = Institute of Medicine of the National Academies|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> In 2011, he was elected a [[Foreign Member of the Royal Society]] of London.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/foreign-members/| title = Royal Society|publisher= Royal Society|accessdate = 2010-03-20}}</ref> In 2012, he was elected the president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.aaas.org/news/phillip-sharp-molecular-biologist-and-nobel-laureate-chosen-serve-aaas-president-elect|title = Phillip A. Sharp, Molecular Biologist and Nobel Laureate, Chosen to Serve as AAAS President-Elect|last = AAAS.org Staff Report|first = |date = 13 March 2012|work = American Association for the Advancement of Science|accessdate = 12 November 2014}}</ref>
⚫
[[Pendleton County, Kentucky]] — Sharp's birthplace — named its current middle school after him.


⚫
[[Pendleton County, Kentucky]] — Sharp's birthplace — named its current middle school after him.
⚫
In Oct 2010 Sharp participated in the [[USA Science and Engineering Festival]]'s Lunch with a Laureate program where middle and high school students will get to engage in an informal conversation with a Nobel Prize–winning scientist over a brown-bag lunch.<ref>{{Wayback |date=20100421005023 |url=http://www.usasciencefestival.org/2010festival/schoolprograms/lunchwithalaureate |title=Lunch with a Laureate }}. usasciencefestival.org (2010)</ref> Sharp is also a member of the [[USA Science and Engineering Festival]]'s Advisory Board.<ref>Furthermore, Sharp participates in the Distinguished Lecture Series of the annual [[Research Science Institute]] (RSI), a summer research program for high school students held at MIT. [http://www.usasciencefestival.org/about/advisors Advisors]. usasciencefestival.org</ref> In 2011, he was listed at #5 on the [[MIT150]] list of the top 150 innovators and ideas from [[MIT]]. Sharp has served on the Faculty Advisory Board of the MIT Harvard Research Journal and MIT Student Research Association.

In 2011 he was elected a [[Foreign Member of the Royal Society]] of London.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/foreign-members/| title = Royal Society|publisher= Royal Society|accessdate = 2010-03-20}}</ref>


== Other Activities ==
==Private life==
⚫
In Oct 2010 Sharp participated in the [[USA Science and Engineering Festival]]'s Lunch with a Laureate program where middle and high school students will get to engage in an informal conversation with a Nobel Prize–winning scientist over a brown-bag lunch.<ref>{{Wayback |date=20100421005023 |url=http://www.usasciencefestival.org/2010festival/schoolprograms/lunchwithalaureate |title=Lunch with a Laureate }}. usasciencefestival.org (2010)</ref> Sharp is also a member of the [[USA Science and Engineering Festival]]'s Advisory Board.<ref>Furthermore, Sharp participates in the Distinguished Lecture Series of the annual [[Research Science Institute]] (RSI), a summer research program for high school students held at MIT. [http://www.usasciencefestival.org/about/advisors Advisors]. usasciencefestival.org</ref> In 2011, he was listed at #5 on the [[MIT150]] list of the top 150 innovators and ideas from [[MIT]].<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/galleries/top_50?pg=47|title = MIT 150: The Top 50|last = |first = |date = |work = boston.com|accessdate = 12 November 2014}}</ref>
Sharp married Ann Holcombe in 1964. They have three daughters.


He is an editorial advisor to [[Xconomy]],<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.xconomy.com/about/#The%20Xconomists|title = About|date = |accessdate = 12 November 2014|website = xconomy.com|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> and is a member of the Board of Scientific Governors at [[The Scripps Research Institute]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.scripps.edu/about/leadership/governors.html|title = Board of Scientific Governers|date = |accessdate = 12 November 2014|website = The Scripps Research Institute|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> He has also served on the Faculty Advisory Board of the MIT-Harvard Research Journal and MIT Student Research Association.<ref name=":0" />
==Awards And Nominations==
'''Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine'''
*1993
'''Double Helix Medal'''
* 2006: [http://doublehelixmedals.cshl.edu/history.html CSHL Double Helix Medal Honoree]
'''RNA Society Lifetime Achievement Award'''
* 2013


==Selected publications==
==Selected publications==

Revision as of 18:44, 12 November 2014

This article is about the American geneticist. For other people, see Philip Sharp.
Phillip Allen Sharp
Sharp in 2009
Born (1944-06-06) June 6, 1944 (age 80)
Falmouth, Kentucky
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUnion College
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
SpouseAnn Holcombe
AwardsNAS Award in Molecular Biology (1980)
Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (1988)
Dickson Prize (1991)
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1993)
National Medal of Science (2004)
Scientific career
FieldsBiologist
InstitutionsCaltech
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
MIT
Doctoral studentsAndrew Fire

Phillip Allen Sharp (born June 6, 1944) is an American geneticist and molecular biologist who co-discovered RNA splicing. He shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Richard J. Roberts for "the discovery that genes in eukaryotes are not contiguous strings but contain introns, and that the splicing of messenger RNA to delete those introns can occur in different ways, yielding different proteins from the same DNA sequence".[1]

Research

Sharp’s current research focuses on small RNAs and other types of non-coding RNAs. His laboratory works to identify the target mRNAs of microRNAs (miRNAs), and has discovered a class of miRNAs that are produced from sequences adjacent to transcription start sites. His laboratory also studies how miRNA gene regulation functions in angiogenesis and cellular stress.

Biography

Sharp was born in Falmouth, Kentucky, the son of Kathrin (Colvin) and Joseph Walter Sharp.[2] Sharp married Ann Holcombe in 1964. They have three daughters.[3]

Sharp studied at Union College and majored in chemistry and mathematics, afterwards completing his Ph.D. in chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1969.[4] Following his Ph.D., he did his postdoctoral training at the California Institute of Technology until 1971, where he studied plasmids.[5] Later, he studied gene expression in human cells at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory as a senior scientist under James Dewey Watson.[5]

In 1974, he was offered a position at MIT by biologist Salvador Luria.[5] He was director of MIT's Center for Cancer Research (now the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research) from 1985 to 1991; head of the Biology department from 1991 to 1999; and director of the McGovern Institute for Brain Research from 2000 to 2004.[4] He is currently a professor of Biology and member of the Koch Institute, and has been an Institute Professor since 1999.[4] Sharp co-founded Biogen (now part of Biogen Idec), Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, and Magen Biosciences, and has served on the boards of all three companies.[6]

Awards and Honors

Phillip Sharp with George W. Bush, at the National Medal of Science awards in 2006.

In addition to the Nobel Prize, Sharp has won several notable awards, including the 2004 National Medal of Science,[7] the 1999 Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences of the American Philosophical Society,[8] and the 1988 Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University together with Thomas R. Cech.[9]

Sharp is an elected member of several academic societies, including the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,[10] the American Association for the Advancement of Science,[11] the National Academy of Sciences,[12] and the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.[13] In 2011, he was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London.[14] In 2012, he was elected the president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.[15]

Pendleton County, Kentucky — Sharp's birthplace — named its current middle school after him.

Other Activities

In Oct 2010 Sharp participated in the USA Science and Engineering Festival's Lunch with a Laureate program where middle and high school students will get to engage in an informal conversation with a Nobel Prize–winning scientist over a brown-bag lunch.[16] Sharp is also a member of the USA Science and Engineering Festival's Advisory Board.[17] In 2011, he was listed at #5 on the MIT150 list of the top 150 innovators and ideas from MIT.[18]

He is an editorial advisor to Xconomy,[19] and is a member of the Board of Scientific Governors at The Scripps Research Institute.[20] He has also served on the Faculty Advisory Board of the MIT-Harvard Research Journal and MIT Student Research Association.[4]

Selected publications

  • Petersen C.P., Bordeleau M.E., Pelletier J., Sharp P.A. (17 February 2006). "Short RNAs Repress Translation after Initiation in Mammalian Cells". Mol Cell. 21 (4): 533–42. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2006.01.031. PMID 16483934.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Miskevich F., Doench J.G., Townsend M.T., Sharp P.A., Constantine-Paton M. (15 April 2006). "RNA Interference of Xenopus NMDAR NR1 in vitro and in vivo". J Neurosci Methods. 152 (1–2): 65–73. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.08.010. PMID 16182372.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Hong J.H., Hwang E.S., McManus M.T., Amsterdam A., Tian Y., Kalmukova R., Mueller E., Benjamin T., Spiegelman B.M., Sharp P.A., Hopkins N., Yaffe M.B. (12 August 2005). "TAZ, a Transcriptional Modulator of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation". Science. 309 (5737): 1074–8. doi:10.1126/science.1110955. PMID 16099986.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Johnson D.M., Yamaji S., Tennant J., Srai S.K., Sharp P.A. (28 March 2005). "Regulation of Divalent Metal Transporter Expression in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Following Exposure to Non-haem Iron". FEBS Lett. 579 (9): 1923–9. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.02.035. PMID 15792797.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Neilson J.R., Sharp P.A. (April 2005). "Herpesviruses Throw a Curve Ball: New Insights into microRNA Biogenesis and Evolution". Nat Methods. 2 (4): 252–4. doi:10.1038/nmeth0405-252. PMID 15782215.
  • Lee K.B., Sharp P.A. (7 December 2004). "Transcription-dependent Polyubiquitination of RNA Polymerase II Requires Lysine 63 of Ubiquitin". Biochemistry. 43 (48): 15223–9. doi:10.1021/bi048719x. PMID 15568815.
  • Mansfield J.H., Harfe B.D., Nissen R., Obenauer J., Srineel J., Chaudhuri A., Farzan-Kashani R., Zuker M., Pasquinelli A.E., Ruvkun G., Sharp P.A., Tabin C.J., McManus M.T. (October 2004). "MicroRNA-responsive 'Sensor' Transgenes Uncover Hox-like and Other Developmentally Regulated Patterns of Vertebrate MicroRNA Expression". Nat. Genet. 36 (10): 1079–83. doi:10.1038/ng1421. PMID 15361871.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

See also

  1. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  2. ^ http://www.woodheadfuneralhome.com/memsol.cgi?user_id=23549
  3. ^ "Phillip A. Sharp - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d "Curriculum Vitae - Phillip A. Sharp, Ph.D." Sharp Lab. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  5. ^ a b c "Short Bio - Phillip A. Sharp". Sharp Lab. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  6. ^ Biogen Idec, Inc. (2008). “Proxy statement for annual meeting of stockholders to be held on June 19, 2008 at 9:00 A.M., local time″, 7.
  7. ^ "The President's National Medal of Science Recipient Details - Phillip A. Sharp". National Science Foundation. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  8. ^ "Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences Recipients". American Philosophical Society. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  9. ^ "The Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize for Biology or Biochemistry". Columbia University Medical Center. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  10. ^ "Alphabetical Index of Active Members" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 5 November 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  11. ^ "Fellows". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  12. ^ "Phillip A. Sharp". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  13. ^ "Directory: IOM Member - Phillip A. Sharp, Ph.D." Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  14. ^ "Royal Society". Royal Society. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  15. ^ AAAS.org Staff Report (13 March 2012). "Phillip A. Sharp, Molecular Biologist and Nobel Laureate, Chosen to Serve as AAAS President-Elect". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  16. ^ Template:Wayback. usasciencefestival.org (2010)
  17. ^ Furthermore, Sharp participates in the Distinguished Lecture Series of the annual Research Science Institute (RSI), a summer research program for high school students held at MIT. Advisors. usasciencefestival.org
  18. ^ "MIT 150: The Top 50". boston.com. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  19. ^ "About". xconomy.com. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  20. ^ "Board of Scientific Governers". The Scripps Research Institute. Retrieved 12 November 2014.

Template:Persondata

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phillip_Allen_Sharp&oldid=633558339"