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[[File:Айя-София3.JPG|thumb|262px|The [[Ottomans]] were officially from [[Hanafi]]-[[Sunni]] [[Islamic schools and branches|branch of Islam]], the names of two sons of [[Fatimah]] and [[Ali]] were inscribed inside all of their mosques. An example of this is the writings of ''[[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]] and [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn]], two grandchildren of [[Muhammad]] by the calligrapher [[Kazasker Mustafa İzzed Effendi]] with [[Islamic calligraphy]]'' in [[Ayasofya Museum]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].]]
[[File:Айя-София3.JPG|thumb|262px|The [[Ottomans]] were officially from [[Hanafi]]-[[Sunni]] [[Islamic schools and branches|branch of Islam]], the names of two sons of [[Fatimah]] and [[Ali]] were inscribed inside all of their mosques. An example of this is the writings of ''[[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]] and [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn]], two grandchildren of [[Muhammad s.a.w]] by the calligrapher [[Kazasker Mustafa İzzed Effendi]] with [[Islamic calligraphy]]'' in [[Ayasofya Museum]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].]]


'''Alī ibn Abī Tālib''' ({{lang-ar|عَـلِي ابـن أَﺑِﻲ طَـالِـب}}, 599 – 661 [[Common Era|ACE]]) was an early{{efn|Assuming that [[Islam]] started with Muhammad. [[Muslim]]s believe that Islam did not start with him, but that it represents even previous [[Prophet]]s, such as [[Jesus in Islam|Jesus]], [[David in Islam|David]], [[Moses in Islam|Moses]], [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham]], [[Noah in Islam|Noah]] and [[Adam in Islam|Adam]].<ref name="Esposito1998">{{cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Islam: The Straight Path (3rd ed.) |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-511234-4 |pages=9, 12}}</ref><ref name="Esposito2002b">Esposito (2002b), pp. 4–5.</ref><ref name="Peters2003">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F.E. |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |year=2003 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0-691-11553-2 |page=9}}</ref>}} [[Islam]]ic leader. [[Ali]] is revered by [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Muslim]]s as the last of the four [[Rashidun|Rightly Guided Caliphs]], and as a foremost religious authority on the [[Qur'an]] and ''[[Fiqh]]'' (Islamic jurisprudence). [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] Muslims consider him the First [[Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)|Imam]] appointed by the [[Prophets of Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] and the first rightful [[caliph]]. Ali was the cousin of Muhammad, and after marriage to [[Fatimah]] he also became Muhammad's son-in-law. His descendants through Fatimah are revered today in [[Shia Islam]] as [[Imam]]s, [[Sharif]]s or [[Sayyid]]s.
'''Alī ibn Abī Tālib''' ({{lang-ar|عَـلِي ابـن أَﺑِﻲ طَـالِـب}}, 599 – 661 [[Common Era|ACE]]) was an early{{efn|Assuming that [[Islam]] started with Muhammad. [[Muslim]]s believe that Islam did not start with him, but that it represents even previous [[Prophet]]s, such as [[Jesus in Islam|Jesus]], [[David in Islam|David]], [[Moses in Islam|Moses]], [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham]], [[Noah in Islam|Noah]] and [[Adam in Islam|Adam]].<ref name="Esposito1998">{{cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Islam: The Straight Path (3rd ed.) |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-511234-4 |pages=9, 12}}</ref><ref name="Esposito2002b">Esposito (2002b), pp. 4–5.</ref><ref name="Peters2003">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F.E. |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |year=2003 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0-691-11553-2 |page=9}}</ref>}} [[Islam]]ic leader. [[Ali]] is revered by [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Muslim]]s as the last of the four [[Rashidun|Rightly Guided Caliphs]], and as a foremost religious authority on the [[Qur'an]] and ''[[Fiqh]]'' (Islamic jurisprudence). [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] Muslims consider him the First [[Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)|Imam]] appointed by the [[Prophets of Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] and the first rightful [[caliph]]. Ali was the cousin of Muhammad, and after marriage to [[Fatimah]] he also became Muhammad's son-in-law. His descendants through Fatimah are revered today in [[Shia Islam]] as [[Imam]]s, [[Sharif]]s or [[Sayyid]]s.

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The Ottomans were officially from Hanafi-Sunni branch of Islam, the names of two sons of Fatimah and Ali were inscribed inside all of their mosques. An example of this is the writings of Hasan and Husayn, two grandchildren of Muhammad s.a.w by the calligrapher Kazasker Mustafa İzzed Effendi with Islamic calligraphy in Ayasofya Museum, Istanbul, Turkey.

Alī ibn Abī Tālib (Arabic: عَـلِي ابـن أَﺑِﻲ طَـالِـب, 599 – 661 ACE) was an early[a] Islamic leader. Ali is revered by Sunni Muslims as the last of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs, and as a foremost religious authority on the Qur'an and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). Shi'a Muslims consider him the First Imam appointed by the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the first rightful caliph. Ali was the cousin of Muhammad, and after marriage to Fatimah he also became Muhammad's son-in-law. His descendants through Fatimah are revered today in Shia Islam as Imams, Sharifs or Sayyids.

His father was Abu Talib and his mother was Fatima bint Asad, but he was raised in the household of Muhammad, who himself was raised by Abu Talib, Muhammad's uncle. When Muhammad reported receiving a divine revelation, Ali was the first child to accept his message and first to convert to Islam at the age of 12, dedicating his life to the cause of Islam.[4][5][6]

In Muslim culture, Ali is respected for his courage, knowledge, belief, honesty to Islam, deep loyalty to Muhammad, equal treatment of all Muslims and generosity in forgiving his defeated enemies, and therefore is central to mystical traditions in Islam such as Sufism. Ali retains his stature as an authority on Quranic exegesis, Islamic jurisprudence and religious thought.[7] Ali holds a high position in almost all Sufi orders which trace their lineage through him to Muhammad. Ali's influence has been important throughout Islamic history.

Family tree (graphical)

Kilab ibn MurrahFatimah bint Sa'd
Banu Azd
Qusai ibn KilabHubba bint Hulail
Banu Khuza'a
Abd Manaf ibn QusaiAtikah bint Murrah
Banu Hawazin
Salma bint Amr
Banu Najjar		Hashim ibn 'Abd ManafQaylah bint Amr
Banu Khuza'a
Fatimah bint Amr
Banu Makhzum		Abdul-Muttalib ibn HashimAsad ibn Hashim
Abu Talib ibn Abd al-MuttalibFatimah bint Asad
Abdullah ibn Abdul-MuttalibTalib ibn Abi TalibAqeel ibn Abi TalibFakhitah bint Abi Talib
Muhammad Ibn AbdullahJa'far ibn Abi TalibJumanah bint Abi Talib
Fatimah al-Zahra bint MuhammadAli ibn Abi Talib

Family tree (textual)

Paternal grand father: Shaiba ibn Hashim ('Abdul Muttalib ibn Hashim), see Family tree of Shaiba ibn Hashim
Paternal grand mother: Fatimah bint Amr
Father: Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib
Mother: Fatima bint Asad
Brother: Ja`far ibn Abī Tālib
Nephew: Awn ibn Ja'far —
Nephew: Abdullah ibn Ja'far — married Zaynab bint Ali
Grand Nephews: Aun ibn Abdillah and Muhammad ibn Abdillah — died at the Battle of Karbala
Brother: Aqeel ibn Abi Talib
Nephew: Muslim ibn Aqeel — died before the Battle of Karbala
Grand Nephews: Muhammad ibn Muslim and Ibraheem ibn Muslim — died before the Battle of Karbala
Brother: Talib ibn Abu Talib
Sister: Fakhitah bint Abi Talib
Sister: Jumanah bint Abi Talib
Paternal uncle: Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib
Paternal uncle: Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib — father of Muhammad
Paternal aunt: Aminah bint Wahb — mother of Muhammad
Cousin: Muhammad
Cousin's daughters: Fatimah, Zainab bint Muhammad, Ruqayyah bint Muhammad, Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad
Cousin's sons: Qasim ibn Muhammad, Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad, Ibrahim ibn Muhammad
Himself: Ali

Descendants

Wife: Fatimah — daughter of Muhammad, see Family tree of Muhammad[8]
Daughter: Zaynab bint Ali — survived the Battle of Karbala
Daughter: Umm Kulthum bint Ali then her cousins Awn and Muhammad[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]
Grandson: Zayd ibn Umar, who was famously known as Ibn Al-Khalīfaṫayn (Arabic: ابـن الـخَـلِـيـفَـتَـيـن)
Son: Muhsin ibn Ali — died before birth (Shia) or during infancy (Sunni)
Son: Hasan ibn Ali — Caliph,[20] died by poison during the reign of Muawiyah
Grandson: Qasim ibn Hasan — died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Meesam ibn Hasan died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Abdullah ibn Hasan died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Sayyid al-Hasan al-Muthanna[21]
Grandson: Zaid ibn Hasan
Granddaughter: Fatimah bint al-Hasan
Great grandson: Abdallah ibn Hasan al-Muthanna
Great-great grandson: Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya
Son: Husayn ibn Ali — died at the Battle of Karbala, see also Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali
Granddaughter: Sakina bint Husayn original name Fatimah al-Kubra ("Fatimah the Elder) —[22] survived the Battle of Karbala, see also Daughters of Husayn ibn Ali
Granddaughter: Ruqayyah original name Sukayna bint Husayn (Arabic: رُقَـيَّـة‎) (b. AH 56)
Granddaughter: Fatimah as-Sughra( Fatimah the Younger") (b. AH 45) (Mother:Layla)
Grandson: Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn — died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn — died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Zayn al-Abidin — survived the Battle of Karbala
Great grandson: Muhammad al-Baqir
Great grandson: Zayd ibn Ali
Wife: Umamah bint Zainab bint Muhammad
Son: Hilal, died in Khorasan in 64 AH[23]
Awn, died in Khorasan, 64 A.H.[23]
Muhammad al-Awsat (The middle Muhammad)[24]
Wife: Umm ul-Banin — which means mother of many sons, her real name was Fatimah bint Hizam al-Qilabiyyah
Son: Al-Abbas ibn Ali — died at the Battle of Karbala, married Lubaba bint Ubaydillah[25]
Grandson: Ubaydullah ibn al-Abbas
Grandson: Al-Fadl ibn al-Abbas — died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Qasim ibn al-Abbas — died at the Battle of Karbala
Son: Abdullah ibn Ali — died at the Battle of Karbala
Son: Jafar ibn Ali — died at the Battle of Karbala
Son: Musa ibn Ali — died at the Battle of Karbala
Daughter: Ruqayyah —[24] departed to the Indian subcontinent after the Battle of Karbala
Wife: Leila bint Masoud
Son: Ubaid Allah bin Ali[26]
Son: Abi Bakr bin Ali[25]
Wife: Khawlah bint Ja'far
Son: Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
Wife: Asma bint Umays
Son: Yahya bin Ali,[24] died in 61 AH
Son: Muhammad al-Asghar —[24] died at the Battle of Karbala
Stepdaughter: Umm Kulthum bint Abi Bakr
Stepson: Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
Stepson: Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr
Other(s):[24]
Son: Umar
Daughter: Ramlah al-Kubra (The eldest Ramlah)
Daughter: Umm Al-Hasan
Daughter: Umm Hani
Daughter: Maymūnah
Daughter: Zainab as-Sughra (The youngest Zainab)
Daughter: Umm Kulthum
Daughter: Fatimah
Daughter: Umamah
Daughter: Khadijah
Daughter: Umm al-Kiram
Daughter: Umm Salmah
Daughter: Umm Ja'far
Daughter: Jumanah
Daughter: Nafeesah

Descendants (graphical)

The Sayyid Aljabery family of southern Iraq are descendants of Ali from his son Imam Husayn. The Bukhari of Pakistan are Syed descendends of Ali, and includes 9 of the 12 Shia imams. The Idrisid and Alaouite dynasties of Morocco claim to be descended from Ali and Fatimah. The descendants of Ali include the Hashemite royal families of Jordan[27] various Somali clans,[28] the Husseini family of Lebanon, the Hiraki family of Syria and Egypt, the Alaouite royal family of Morocco and the Ashrafs of the city of Harar, Mashwanis and Alvi Awan families of Pashtuns in Pakistan. Other prominent descendants include: Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, Abdullah al-Aftah ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Ali al-Uraidhi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Muhammad ibn Qasim (al-Alawi), Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq (Al-Dibaj), Yahya ibn Umar, Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi and Ibn Dihya al-Kalby.

Fatimah bint Muhammad (Family tree)Ali al Murtaza
ibn Abi Talib		Khawlah bint Ja'far
Hasan al-Mujtabāal-HusaynMuhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
MuhammadZaydQāsimHasan al-Mu'thannāAbu BakrFātimah bint HasanAli Zayn
al-Abedin		AliAbu Hashim
HasanYahyaMuhammadAbd AllahTalhaHasanAbu Bakr
(Family tree)
Hasan (Alavids)MaymūnahUmm al-Husayn[29]AliMuhammad ibn Abu Bakr
AbdallahDaudHasanIbrahimJā`farMuhammadHasanAl-Qasim ibn Muhammad
{{{#}}}
SulaymanAliIsmailHasanAliMuhammad al-BaqirUmm Farwah bint al-Qasim
Sulaymanids
of Yemen
and Mecca		Husayn
Sahib Fakhkh		Ibrahim
Tabataba		HasanHusayn'Umar al-AshrafZayd ibn AliJā`far al-Ṣādiq
Muhammadal-Qasim ar-RassiUbayd AllahYahyaIdris
Imams
of Yemen		Hasan al-UtrushHasanHusayn
Musa al-DjawnYahyaIbrahimIdris I of MoroccoMuhammad al-Nafs al-ZakiyyaSulaymanJā`farIsa
IbrahimAliAbd AllahIdrisids of
Morocco and
Hammudids
of Spain		Sharifs
of Morocco		Sulaymanids
of the Maghrib		Sharifs
of Sus		Yahya ibn Umar ibn Yahya ibn Husayn ibn Zayd al-Kūfī
Yusuf
al-Ukhaidhir		Husayn
al-Ukhaidhir		Ismāʿīl ibn Jā`farAbdullah al-AftahMusa
al-Kazim		IshakMuhammad al-Dibaj
Banu al-UkhaidhirMusaSalihSulaymanMuhammad ibn IsmāʿīlMuhammad ibn AbdullahAli
al-Rida		AhmadAli al-Uraidhi
Muhammad ibn YusufBanu Katada of Mecca & Banu FulaytaBanu Salih
of Ghana		Sulaymanid
Sharifs		Hidden Ismāʿīli ImāmsMuhammad
al-Jawad
Yusuf ibn MuhammadFatimid caliphsAli al-HadiMusa al-Mubarraqa
Ismāʿīl ibn YusufMuhammadMustaaliNizār Hasan
al-Askari		MuhammadJā`far
Hassan ibn IsmāʿīlAl-Hafizal-AmirImams of AlamutMuhammad
al-Mahdi
Ahmad ibn HassanHafizisal-TayyibAgha Khans
Abu'l-Muqallid Jā`far[30]

Lineage of Husayn ibn Ali

This is a simplified family tree of Husayn ibn Ali. People in italics are considered by the majority of Shia and Sunni Muslims to be Ahl al-Bayt (People of the House). Twelver Shia also see the 4th to 12th Imams as Ahl al-Bayt (Ali is an imam in Mustaali but no number is assigned for this position, and Hasan ibn Ali is not an Imam in Nizari Imamah).


{{familytree |boxstyle=background:Azure;| | | | |p1|y|p2| | |p3|y|p4| |p5|p1=Sumānah|p2=Muhammad al-Taqi
great-great-great-great-
grandson
9th Twelver Imāmah|p3=Unknown|p4=Ahmad al-Wafi
great-great-great-great-grandson
8th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah|p5=Other issue}

Muhammad
grandfather
(family tree)
Fatimah
mother
Muhsin ibn Ali
brother		Husayn ibn Ali
3rd Twelver/Zaidiyyah and 2nd Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah		Umm Kulthum bint Ali
sister		Zaynab bint Ali
sister
{{{#}}}-
Shahrbanu
wife		Layla bint Abi Murrah al-Thaqafi
wife		Umm Ishaq bint Talhah
wife
Fatimah as-Sughra
daughter		Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn
son		Sukayna bint Husayn
daughter		Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn
son		Fatimah bint Husayn
daughter
Mother of ‘UmarAli ibn Husayn
son
4th Twelver/Zaidiyyah and 3rdMustaali/Nizari Imāmah		Jayda al-SindhiUmar ibn Husayn
son
‘Umar al-AshrafMuhammad al-Baqir
grandson
5th Twelver and 4th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah		Zayd ibn Ali
grandson
5th Zaidiyyah Imāmah		Abu Bakr ibn Husayn
son
‘AlīHamidah KhatunJa'far al-Sadiq
great-grandson
6th Twelver and 5th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah		Zaynab bint Husayn
daughter
al-ḤasanMusa al-Kadhim
great-great-grandson
7th Twelver Imāmah		Isma'il ibn Jafar
great-great-grandson
6th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah		UnknownUmm Kulthum bint Husayn
daughter
Ummul Banīn Najmah
al-Nāṣir al-KabīrAli ar-Ridha
great-great-great-grandson
8th Twelver Imāmah		Muhammad ibn Ismail
great-great-great-grandson
7th and the last Sevener Imāmah and 7th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah		Fatima
Ali al-Hadi
great-great-great-great-great-grandson
10th Twelver Imāmah		Other issueMuhammad at-Taqi
great-great-great-great-great-grandson
9th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah		Unknown
Hasan al-Askari
great-great-great-great-great-great-grandson
11th Twelver Imāmah		Rabi Abdullah
great-great-great-great-great-great-grandson
10th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah
Muhammad al-Mahdi
great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandson
12th and final Twelver Imāmah

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Assuming that Islam started with Muhammad. Muslims believe that Islam did not start with him, but that it represents even previous Prophets, such as Jesus, David, Moses, Abraham, Noah and Adam.[1][2][3]

References

  1. ^ Esposito, John (1998). Islam: The Straight Path (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 9, 12. ISBN 978-0-19-511234-4.
  2. ^ Esposito (2002b), pp. 4–5.
  3. ^ Peters, F.E. (2003). Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians. Princeton University Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-691-11553-2.
  4. ^ Tabatabaei 1979, p. 191
  5. ^ Ashraf 2005, p. 14
  6. ^ Diana, Steigerwald. "Alī ibn Abu Talib". Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world. Vol. 1. MacMillan. ISBN 978-0-02-865604-5.
  7. ^ Madelung 1997, p. 309 and 310
  8. ^ Books, Happy. "Family Tree of Ali ibn Abi Taalib". Happy Books. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
  9. ^ Shustari, Qazi Nurullah. Majalis ul-Mo’mineen. pp. 85–89.
  10. ^ al-Murtaza, Sharif. Al-Shaafi. p. 116.
  11. ^ Al-Hadid, Hibatullah. Sharh Nahj ul-Balagha. Vol. 3. p. 124.
  12. ^ Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir. Bihar al-Anwar. p. 621.
  13. ^ Ardabili, Muqaddas. Hadiqat al-Shi‘a. p. 277.
  14. ^ Shustari, Qazi Nurullah. Masa'ib un-Nawasib. p. 170.
  15. ^ Al-Amili, Zayn al-Din al-Juna'i. "Lawahiq-al-'Aqd". Masalik al-Ifham fi Sharh Shara-il-Islam. Vol. 1.
  16. ^ Qumi, Abbas. Muntahi al-Aamal. Vol. 1. p. 186.
  17. ^ Shahidi, Sayyed Ja'far. Life of Fatemeh Zahra(SA). pp. 263–265.
  18. ^ Baqir, Muhammad. Mir'at ul-Uqool. Vol. 21. p. 199.
  19. ^ Al-Tusi, Nasir Al-Din. Al-Mabsoot. Vol. 4. p. 272.
  20. ^ Tabatabae (1979), page 194 Archived 2008-03-29 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ http://en.wikishia.net/view/Al-Hasan_al-Muthanna
  22. ^ The Sunshine Book, By Dr. S. Manzoor Rizvi; p323;
  23. ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2011-03-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  24. ^ a b c d e Harouf.com [harouf.com/SiratAhlelbeit/EmamAli1.htm harouf.com/SiratAhlelbeit/EmamAli1.htm]. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. ^ a b Al-Tabari, pp. 178–179
  26. ^ 1-ابوبكربن علي(شهادت او مشكوك است). 2-جعفربن علي. 3-عباس بن علي(ابولفضل) 4-عبدالله بن علي. 5-عبدالله بن علي العباس بن علي. 6-عبدالله بن الاصغر. 7-عثمان بن علي. 8-عمر بن علي. 9-محمد الاصغر بن علي. 10-محمدبن العباس بن علي."
  27. ^ Family tree of King Abdullah of Jordan
  28. ^ Johnson, John William (1996). Heelloy: Modern Poetry and Songs of the Somali. Indiana University Press. p. 23. ISBN 1874209812.
  29. ^ Al-Yasin, Shaykh Radi. "1". Sulh al-Hasan. Jasim al-Rasheed. Qum: Ansariyan Publications. p. 4.
  30. ^ Madelung, "Al-Ukhaydir," p. 792
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