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Many of Stone's films focus on controversial American political issues during the late 20th century, and as such were considered contentious at the times of their releases. They often combine different camera and film formats within a single scene, as demonstrated in ''[[JFK (film)|JFK]]'', ''[[Natural Born Killers]]'', and ''[[Nixon (film)|Nixon]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=James Riordan|date=September 1996|title=Stone: A Biography of Oliver Stone|page=377 |publisher=New York: Aurum Press|isbn= 1-85410-444-6}}</ref>
Many of Stone's films focus on controversial American political issues during the late 20th century, and as such were considered contentious at the times of their releases. They often combine different camera and film formats within a single scene, as demonstrated in ''[[JFK (film)|JFK]]'', ''[[Natural Born Killers]]'', and ''[[Nixon (film)|Nixon]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=James Riordan|date=September 1996|title=Stone: A Biography of Oliver Stone|page=377 |publisher=New York: Aurum Press|isbn= 1-85410-444-6}}</ref>
Critics have accused Stone of promoting [[conspiracy theories].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=101830&page=1|title=Oliver Stone Draws Fire for 'Revolt' Theory|last=News|first=A. B. C.|date=2006-01-06|website=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515204956/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=101848&page=1|archive-date=May 15, 2015|dead-url=no|access-date=2019-02-15|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/oliver-stone-finds-in-snowden-a-real-government-conspiracy/|title=Oliver Stone finds in 'Snowden' a real government conspiracy|date=2016-09-13|website=The Seattle Times|access-date=2018-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/entertainment/in-snowden-oliver-stone-depicts-the-nsa-leaker-as-pure-hero/|title=In 'Snowden,' Oliver Stone depicts the NSA leaker as pure hero|website=Chicago Sun-Times|access-date=2018-12-16|date=September 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2008/10/wmovie200810|title=If You Liked "Nixon" . . .|last=Purdum|first=Todd|website=The Hive|access-date=2018-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/stephen-colbert-oliver-stone-putin-624893|title=Oliver Stone tells Stephen Colbert that Vladimir Putin has been "insulted" and "abused"|date=2017-06-13|website=Newsweek|access-date=2018-12-16}}</ref>
Critics have accused Stone of promoting conspiracy theories.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=101830&page=1|title=Oliver Stone Draws Fire for 'Revolt' Theory|last=News|first=A. B. C.|date=2006-01-06|website=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515204956/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=101848&page=1|archive-date=May 15, 2015|dead-url=no|access-date=2019-02-15|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/oliver-stone-finds-in-snowden-a-real-government-conspiracy/|title=Oliver Stone finds in 'Snowden' a real government conspiracy|date=2016-09-13|website=The Seattle Times|access-date=2018-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/entertainment/in-snowden-oliver-stone-depicts-the-nsa-leaker-as-pure-hero/|title=In 'Snowden,' Oliver Stone depicts the NSA leaker as pure hero|website=Chicago Sun-Times|access-date=2018-12-16|date=September 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2008/10/wmovie200810|title=If You Liked "Nixon" . . .|last=Purdum|first=Todd|website=The Hive|access-date=2018-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/stephen-colbert-oliver-stone-putin-624893|title=Oliver Stone tells Stephen Colbert that Vladimir Putin has been "insulted" and "abused"|date=2017-06-13|website=Newsweek|access-date=2018-12-16}}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==

Revision as of 16:45, 15 July 2019

For the English cricketer, see Olly Stone.

Oliver Stone
Stone at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con
Born
William Oliver Stone

(1946-09-15) September 15, 1946 (age 78)
New York City, New York, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Alma materYale University
New York University (BFA)
Occupation(s)Film director, screenwriter, film producer, author
Years active1971–present
Spouse(s)
Najwa Sarkis
​
​
(m. 1971; div. 1977)​

Elizabeth Burkit Cox
​
​
(m. 1981; div. 1993)​

Sun-jung Jung
​
(m. 1996)​
Children3, including Sean Stone
Military career
Allegiance United States
BranchUnited States Army
Years1967–1968
WarVietnam War
AwardsBronze Star, Purple Heart Medal(2), Air Medal, Army Commendation Medal, National Defense Service Medal, Vietnam Service Medal, Vietnam Campaign Medal, Combat Infantry Badge

William Oliver Stone (born September 15, 1946) is an American filmmaker, writer[1][2][3] and conspiracy theorist.[4][5][6]

Stone won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay as writer of Midnight Express (1978). He also wrote the acclaimed gangster movie Scarface (1983). Stone achieved prominence as director/writer of the war drama Platoon (1986), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Director and the film received Best Picture. Platoon was the first in a trilogy of films based on the Vietnam War, in which Stone served as an infantry soldier. He continued the series with Born on the Fourth of July (1989)—for which Stone won his second Best Director Oscar—and Heaven & Earth (1993). Stone's other notable works include the Salvadoran Civil War-based drama Salvador (1986); the financial drama Wall Street (1987) and its 2010 sequel Money Never Sleeps; the Jim Morrison biographical film The Doors (1991); the satirical black comedy crime film Natural Born Killers (1994); and a trilogy of films based on the American Presidency—JFK (1991), Nixon (1995) and W. (2008). His latest film is Snowden (2016).

Many of Stone's films focus on controversial American political issues during the late 20th century, and as such were considered contentious at the times of their releases. They often combine different camera and film formats within a single scene, as demonstrated in JFK, Natural Born Killers, and Nixon.[7] Critics have accused Stone of promoting conspiracy theories.[4][8][9][10][11]

Early life

Stone was born September 15, 1946, in New York City, the son of a French woman named Jacqueline (née Goddet)[12] and Louis Stone (born Louis Silverstein), a stockbroker.[13] He grew up in Manhattan and Stamford, Connecticut. His parents met during World War II, when his father was fighting as a part of the Allied force in France.[14] His American-born father was Jewish and his French-born mother was Roman Catholic, both non-practicing.[15] Stone was raised in the Episcopal Church,[16][17] and now practices Buddhism.[18]

Stone attended Trinity School in New York City before his parents sent him away to The Hill School, a college-preparatory school in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. His parents were divorced abruptly while he was away at school (1962) and this, because he was an only child, marked him deeply. Stone's mother was often absent and his father made a big impact on his life; father-son relationships were to feature heavily in Stone's films perhaps because of this.[19]

He often spent parts of his summer vacations with his maternal grandparents in France, both in Paris and La Ferté-sous-Jouarre in Seine-et-Marne. Stone also worked at 17 in the Paris mercantile exchange in sugar and cocoa – a job that proved inspirational to Stone for his film Wall Street. He speaks French fluently.[20] Stone graduated from The Hill School in 1964.

Stone was admitted into Yale University, but left in June 1965 at age 18[14][21] to teach high school students English for six months in Saigon at the Free Pacific Institute in South Vietnam.[22] Afterwards, he worked for a short while as a wiper on a United States Merchant Marine ship in 1966, traveling from Asia to Oregon across the rough Pacific Ocean in January.[23] He returned to Yale, where he dropped out a second time (in part due to working on an autobiographical novel A Child's Night Dream, published 1997 by St. Martin's Press).[24]

U.S. Army

In April 1967, Stone enlisted in the United States Army and requested combat duty in Vietnam. From September 16, 1967 to April 1968, he served in Vietnam with 2nd Platoon, B Company, 3rd Battalion, 22nd Infantry Regiment, 25th Infantry Division and was twice wounded in action.[22] He was then transferred to the 1st Cavalry Division participating in long range patrols before being transferred again to drive for a motorized infantry unit of the division until November 1968.[25] For his service, his military awards include the Bronze Star with "V" Device for valor, the Purple Heart with Oak Leaf Cluster to denote two awards, the Air Medal, the Army Commendation Medal, the National Defense Service Medal, the Vietnam Service Medal, the Vietnam Campaign Medal and the Combat Infantryman Badge.

Writing and directing career

1970s

Stone in February 1987

Stone graduated from New York University with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in film in 1971, where his professors included director and fellow NYU alumnus Martin Scorsese.[26] The same year, he had a small acting role in the comedy The Battle of Love's Return.[27] Stone made a short, well received 12-minute film Last Year in Viet Nam. He worked as a taxi driver, film production assistant, messenger, and salesman before making his mark in film as a screenwriter in the late 1970s, in the period between his first two films as a director: horror films Seizure and The Hand.

In 1979, Stone was awarded his first Oscar, after adapting true-life prison story Midnight Express into a hit film of the same name for British director Alan Parker (the two would later collaborate on a 1996 movie of stage musical Evita). Stone's screenplay for Midnight Express was widely criticized for its inaccuracies in portraying the events described in the book and vilifying the Turkish people. The original author, Billy Hayes, around whom the film is set, spoke out against the film, protesting that he had many Turkish friends while in jail.[28] Stone later apologized to Turkey for over-dramatizing the script, while not repudiating the film's stark brutality or the reality of Turkish prisons.[29]

1980s

Stone wrote further features, including Brian De Palma's drug lord epic Scarface, loosely inspired by his own addiction to cocaine, which he successfully kicked while working on the screenplay.[30] He also pennedYear of the Dragon (co-written with Michael Cimino) featuring Mickey Rourke, before his career took off as a writer-director in 1986. Like his contemporary Michael Mann, Stone is unusual in having written or co-written most of the films he has directed. In 1986, Stone directed two films back to back: the critically acclaimed but commercially unsuccessful Salvador, shot largely in Mexico, and his long in-development Vietnam project Platoon, shot in the Philippines.

Platoon brought Stone's name to a much wider audience. It also finally kickstarted a busy directing career, which saw him making nine films over the next decade. Alongside some negative reaction, Platoon won many rave reviews (Roger Ebert later called it the ninth best film of the 1980s), large audiences, and Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director. In 2007, a film industry vote ranked it at number 83 in an American Film Institute "AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies" poll of the previous century's best American movies. British TV channel Channel 4 voted Platoon as the sixth greatest war film ever made.[31]

Platoon was the first of three films Stone has made about the Vietnam War: the others were Born on the Fourth of July and Heaven & Earth, each dealing with different aspects of the war. Platoon is a semi-autobiographical film about Stone's experience in combat; Born on the Fourth of July is based on the autobiography of US Marine turned peace campaigner Ron Kovic; Heaven & Earth is based on the memoir When Heaven and Earth Changed Places, in which Le Ly Hayslip recalls her life as a Vietnamese village girl drastically affected by the war and who finds another life in the USA.

Stone also directed the acclaimed Wall Street, which won Michael Douglas an Academy Award for Best Actor as a ruthless Wall Street corporate raider, and Talk Radio, based on Eric Bogosian's Pulitzer-nominated play.

1990s

The Doors, released in 1991, received criticism from former Doors keyboardist Ray Manzarek during a question and answer session at Indiana University East in 1997. During the discussion, Manzarek stated that he sat down with Stone about The Doors and Jim Morrison for over 12 hours. Patricia Kennealy-Morrison—a well known rock critic and author—was a consultant on the movie, in which she also has a cameo appearance, but she writes in her memoir Strange Days: My Life With and Without Jim Morrison (Dutton, 1992) that Stone ignored everything she told him and proceeded with his own version of events. From the moment the movie was released, she blasted it as untruthful and inaccurate.[32] The other surviving former members of the band, John Densmore and Robby Krieger, also cooperated with the filming of Doors, but Krieger distanced himself from the work before the film's release. However, Densmore thought highly of the film, and in fact celebrated its DVD release on a panel with Oliver Stone.

During this same period, Stone directed one of his most ambitious, controversial and successful films to date: JFK, that depicts the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. In 1991, Stone showed JFK to Congress on Capitol Hill, which helped lead to passage of the Assassination Materials Disclosure Act[33] of 1992. The Assassination Records Review Board (created by Congress to lessen, but not end the secrecy surrounding Kennedy's assassination) discussed the film, including Stone's observation at the end of the film, about the dangers inherent in government secrecy.[34] Stone published an annotated version of the screenplay, in which he cites references for his claims, shortly after the film's release.

I make my films like you're going to die if you miss the next minute. You better not go get popcorn.[35]

1994 saw the release of Stone's satire of the modern media, Natural Born Killers. Originally based on a screenplay by Quentin Tarantino, critics recognized its portrayal of violence and the intended satire on the media. Before it was released, the MPAA gave the film a NC-17 rating; this caused Stone to cut four minutes of film footage in order to obtain an R rating (he eventually released the unrated version on VHS and DVD in 2001).

Stone went on to direct the 1995 Richard Nixon biopic Nixon, which was nominated for Oscars for script, John Williams' score, Joan Allen as Pat Nixon and Anthony Hopkins' portrait of the title role. Stone followed Nixon with the 1997 road movie/film noir, U Turn, and 1999's Any Given Sunday, a film about power struggles within and without an American football team.

2000s

Stone and Argentina's President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, January 14, 2009

After a period from 1986 to 1999, where he released a new film at least every 1–2 years, Stone slowed down in the 2000s, though still finding some success.

In 2004, Stone directed the critically savaged Alexander. He later radically re-edited his biographical film of Alexander the Great into a two-part, 3-hour 37-minute film Alexander Revisited: The Final Cut, which became one of the highest-selling catalog items from Warner Bros.[36] He further refined the film and in 2014 released the two-part, 3-hour 26-minute Alexander: The Ultimate Cut. After Alexander, Stone went on to direct World Trade Center, based on the true story of two PAPD policemen who were trapped in the rubble and survived the September 11 attacks.

In 2007, Stone was intended to direct his fourth Vietnam War film Pinkville, about a Pentagon investigation into the My Lai massacre of Vietnamese civilians. The film was to have been made for United Artists,[37] but the company officially cancelled the production start due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. Shortly after the strike, Stone went on to write and direct the George W. Bush biopic W., that chronicles the controversial President's childhood, relationship with his father, struggles with his alcoholism, rediscovery of his Christian faith, and continues the rest of his life up until the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

2010s

Oliver Stone with Rino Barillari in "Piazza dé Ricci" exit of the restaurant "Pierluigi" in Rome – September 25, 2012

In 2010, Stone returned to the theme of Wall Street for the sequel Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps.[38] In 2012, Stone directed Savages, based on a novel by Don Winslow.

In 2014, Stone announced that his Martin Luther King project, which he had worked on for three years, was aborted by the producing studios, Warner Bros. and DreamWorks, following the objection of King's estate to his screenplay, which deals with King's adultery. Later Stone commented in a BBC interview: "These are not rumours; these are facts and Hoover had the tapes."[39]

In 2015, he was presented with an honorific award at the Sitges Film Festival. His most recent film is Snowden, starring Joseph Gordon-Levitt as whistleblower Edward Snowden. Snowden finished filming in May 2015 and was released on September 16, 2016.

On May 22, 2017, various industry papers reported that Stone was going to direct a television series about the Guantanamo detention camp.[40][41][42][43] Daniel Voll was credited with creating the series. Harvey Weinstein's production company is financing the series. Stone is reported to be scheduled to direct every episode of the first season. However, Stone announced he would quit the series after sexual misconduct allegations surfaced against Weinstein in October 2017.[44]

Documentaries

Stone with Hugo Chávez at the Venice International Film Festival, July 9, 2009 for the screening of South of the Border

Stone made three documentaries on Fidel Castro: Comandante (2003), Looking for Fidel, and Castro in Winter (2012). He made Persona Non Grata, a documentary on Israeli-Palestinian relations, interviewing several notable figures of Israel, including Ehud Barak, Benjamin Netanyahu, and Shimon Peres, as well as Yasser Arafat, leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization.

In 2009, Stone completed a feature-length documentary, South of the Border about the rise of populist governments in Latin America, featuring seven presidents: Hugo Chávez of Venezuela, Bolivia's Evo Morales, Ecuador's Rafael Correa, Cuba's Raúl Castro, the Kirchners of Argentina, Brazil's Lula da Silva, and Paraguay's Fernando Lugo (all of whom hold negative views of US foreign policy in South America). Stone hoped the film would get the rest of the Western world to rethink socialist policies in South America, particularly as it was being applied by Venezuela's Hugo Chávez. Chávez joined Stone for the premiere of the documentary at the Venice International Film Festival in September 2009.[45] Stone defended his decision not to interview Chávez's opponents, stating that oppositional statements and TV clips were scattered through the documentary and that the documentary was an attempt to right a balance of heavily negative coverage. He praised Chávez as a leader of a movement for social transformation in Latin America (the Bolivarian Revolution), along with the six other presidents in the film. The documentary was also released in several cities in the United States and Europe in the mid-2010.[46][47]

In 2012, the documentary miniseries Oliver Stone's Untold History of the United States premiered on Showtime, Stone co-wrote, directed, produced, and narrated the series, having worked on it since 2008 with co-writers American University historian Peter J. Kuznick and British screenwriter Matt Graham.[48] The 10-part series is supplemented by a 750-page companion book of the same name, also written by Stone and Kuznick, released on October 30, 2012 by Simon & Schuster.[49] Stone described the project as "the most ambitious thing I've ever done. Certainly in documentary form, and perhaps in fiction, feature form."[50] The project received positive reviews from former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev,[51] The Guardian journalist Glenn Greenwald,[52] and reviewers from IndieWire,[53] San Francisco Chronicle,[54] and Newsday.[55] Hudson Institute adjunct fellow historian Ronald Radosh accused the series of historical revisionism,[56] while journalist Michael C. Moynihan accused the book of "moral equivalence" and said nothing within the book was "untold" previously.[57] Stone defended the program's accuracy to TV host Tavis Smiley by saying "This has been fact checked by corporate fact checkers, by our own fact checkers, and fact checkers [hired] by Showtime. It's been thoroughly vetted ... these are facts, our interpretation may be different than orthodox, but it definitely holds up."[58]

Stone at the 2017 Sarajevo Film Festival

Stone was interviewed in Boris Malagurski's documentary film The Weight of Chains 2 (2014), which deals with neoliberal reforms in the Balkans.[59]

On March 5, 2014, Stone and teleSUR premiered the documentary film Mi Amigo Hugo (My Friend Hugo), a documentary about Venezuela's late President, Hugo Chávez, one year after his death. The film was described by Stone as a "spiritual answer" and tribute to Chávez.[60] At the end of 2014 according to a Facebook post Stone said he had been in Moscow to interview (former Ukrainian president) Viktor Yanukovych, for a "new English language documentary produced by Ukrainians". Foreign Policy called the documentary "beyond redemption, a work of cinematic malpractice that marks him as a 'useful idiot'".[61]

Two years later in 2016, Stone released Ukraine on Fire. In the documentary, Stone argued that Russia was justified in invading Crimea. Newsweek stated that "The less said about that orgy of alternative facts, the better".[61]

Stone's series of interviews with Russian president Vladimir Putin over the span of two years was released as The Putin Interviews, a four-night television event on Showtime on June 12, 2017.[62] The segments have been described as an advocacy project toward President Putin.[61] On June 13, Stone and Professor Stephen F. Cohen joined John Batchelor in New York to record an hour of commentary on The Putin Interviews. Stone also appeared on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert in a controversial interview about the film.[63]

Other work

In 1993, Stone produced a miniseries for ABC Television called Wild Palms. In a cameo, Stone appears on a television in the show discussing how the theories in his film JFK had been proven correct (the series took place in a hypothetical future, 2007). That same year, he also spoofed himself in the comedy hit Dave, espousing an (accurate) conspiracy theory about the film President's replacement by a near-identical double. In 1997, Stone published A Child's Night Dream (St. Martin's Press), a semiautobiographical novel first written in 1966–1967.

On September 15, 2008, Stone was named the Artistic Director of New York University's Tisch School of the Arts Asia in Singapore.[64]

Personal life

Family

Oliver Stone and his wife in Tehran. 2018 Fajr International Film Festival

Stone has been married three times, first to Najwa Sarkis on May 22, 1971. They divorced in 1977. He then married Elizabeth Burkit Cox, an assistant in film production, on June 7, 1981.[65][66] They had two sons, Sean Stone/Ali (b. 1984) and Michael Jack (b. 1991). Sean appeared in some of his father's films while a child. Sean Stone currently works for the Russia state media company Russia Today. Oliver and Elizabeth divorced in 1993. Stone is currently married to Sun-jung Jung from South Korea, and the couple have a daughter, Tara (b. 1995).[67] Stone and Sun-jung live in Los Angeles.[68]

Religion and humanism

Stone is mentioned in Pulitzer Prize-winning American author Lawrence Wright's book Going Clear: Scientology, Hollywood, and the Prison of Belief as having been a member of Scientology for about a month, saying "It was like going to college and reading Dale Carnegie, something you do to find yourself."[69] In 1997, Stone was one of 34 celebrities to sign an open letter to then-German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, published as a newspaper advertisement in the International Herald Tribune, which protested against the treatment of Scientologists in Germany and compared it to the Nazis' oppression of Jews in the 1930s.[70] In 2003, Stone was a signatory of the third Humanist Manifesto.[71]

In 1999, Stone was arrested and pleaded guilty to alcohol and drug charges. He was ordered into a rehabilitation program. He was arrested again on the night of May 27, 2005 in Los Angeles for possession of an undisclosed illegal drug.[72][73] He was released the next day on a $15,000 bond.[73] In August 2005, Stone pleaded no contest and was fined $100.[74]

Sexual assault allegations

In 2017, former Playboy model Carrie Stevens alleged that in 1991, Stone had "walked past me and grabbed my boob as he waltzed out the front door of a party."[75]

The allegation Stevens made surfaced after Stone announced he would no longer direct The Weinstein Company's television series Guantanamo following the revelation of the Harvey Weinstein sexual misconduct allegations.[75] Stone also drew criticism for defending Weinstein, saying

I'm a believer that you wait until this thing gets to trial. I believe a man shouldn't be condemned by a vigilante system. It's not easy what he's going through, either. During that period he was a rival. I never did business with him and didn't really know him. I've heard horror stories on everyone in the business, so I'm not going to comment on gossip. I'll wait and see, which is the right thing to do.[76]

Later both Patricia Arquette and Melissa Gilbert came forward to say he had acted inappropriately towards both of them.[77][78]

Political views

Stone with Greek politician Alexis Tsipras and Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Žižek, July 8, 2013

Stone has been described as having leftist political views.[61][79][80][81][61][82] He has also drawn attention for his opinions on controversial world leaders such as Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin and Hugo Chávez.[61][83] In Showtime's The Putin Interviews, Stone called Joseph Stalin "the most famous villain in history, next to Adolf [Hitler]", who "left a horrible reputation, and stained the [Communist] ideology forever ... it's mixed with blood, and terror."[84]

Latin America

Stone has had an interest in Latin America since the 1980s, when he directed Salvador, and later returned to make his documentary South of the Border about the left-leaning movements that had been taking hold in the region. He has expressed the view that these movements are a positive step toward political and economic autonomy for the region.[85] He has shown support for Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez and admires the Colombian militant group FARC.[86]

Stone has criticized the U.S.–supported Operation Condor, a state terror operation that carried out assassinations and disappearances in support of South America's right-wing dictatorships in Argentina (see Dirty War), Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.[87]

Middle East

Stone called Saudi Arabia a major destabilizer in the Middle East. He also criticized the foreign policy of the United States, saying: "We made a mess out of Iraq, Syria, Libya, but it doesn't matter to the American public. It's okay to wreck the Middle East."[88]

U.S. presidential politics

According to Entertainment Weekly, Stone voted for Barack Obama as President of the United States in both the 2008 and 2012 elections, instead of John McCain and Mitt Romney, the GOP candidates for the presidency.[89] Stone was quoted as saying at the time: "I voted for Obama because ... I think he's an intelligent individual. I think he responds to difficulties well ... very bright guy ... far better choice yes."[90] In 2012, Stone endorsed Ron Paul for the Republican nomination for President, citing his support for a non-interventionist foreign policy.[91] He said that Paul is "the only one of anybody who's saying anything intelligent about the future of the world."[92] then later: "I supported Ron Paul in the Republican primary ... but his domestic policy ... made no sense!"[90] In March 2016, Stone wrote on the Huffington Post his support for Vermont U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders for the 2016 Democratic nomination.[93] In September 2016, Stone said he was voting for Green Party candidate Jill Stein for President.[94]

Speaking at the San Sebastián film festival, Stone said that many Americans had become disillusioned with Barack Obama's policies, having originally thought he would be "a man of great integrity." He said: "On the contrary, Obama has doubled down on the (George W.) Bush administration policies," and "has created ... the most massive global security surveillance state that's ever been seen, way beyond East Germany's Stasi".[95]

In April 2018, Stone attended a press conference at the Fajr Film Festival in Tehran, where he likened President Donald Trump to "Beelzebub", the biblical demonic figure.[88]

Iran and Holocaust controversy

Oliver Stone in Tehran. 2018 Fajr International Film Festival

In an interview with The Times newspaper on July 25, 2010, Stone claimed that America does not know "the full story" on Iran and complained about Jewish "domination" in parts of the U.S. media and foreign policy, notably his view that Adolf Hitler was misunderstood due to Jewish control of the media. When Stone was asked why so much of an emphasis has been placed on the Holocaust, as opposed to the 20-plus million casualties of the Soviet Union, for example, suffered in World War II, he stated that the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) was an overly powerful Jewish lobby within the U.S. The remarks were heavily criticized by Jewish groups, including the Simon Wiesenthal Center. Abraham Foxman of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) said, "Oliver Stone has once again shown his conspiratorial colors with his comments about 'Jewish domination of the media' and control over U.S. foreign policy. His words conjure up some of the most stereotypical and conspiratorial notions of undue Jewish power and influence."[96]

Yuli Edelstein, the speaker of Israel's Knesset and the leading Soviet refusenik, described Stone's remarks as what "could be a sequel to The Protocols of the Elders of Zion",[97] and the American Jewish Committee,[98] as well as from Israel's Diaspora Affairs and Public Diplomacy Minister.[97]

A day later, Stone stated:

In trying to make a broader historical point about the range of atrocities the Germans committed against many people, I made a clumsy association about the Holocaust, for which I am sorry and I regret. Jews obviously do not control media or any other industry. The fact that the Holocaust is still a very important, vivid and current matter today is, in fact, a great credit to the very hard work of a broad coalition of people committed to the remembrance of this atrocity—and it was an atrocity.[99]

Two days later, Stone issued a second apology to the ADL, which was accepted. "I believe he now understands the issues and where he was wrong, and this puts an end to the matter," Foxman said.[100]

WikiLeaks

Oliver Stone is a vocal supporter of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. Stone signed a petition in support of Assange's bid for political asylum in June 2012.[101] In August 2012, he penned a New York Times op-ed with filmmaker Michael Moore on the importance of WikiLeaks and free speech.[102] Stone visited Assange in the Ecuadorian Embassy in April 2013 and commented, "I don't think most people in the US realize how important WikiLeaks is and why Julian's case needs support." He also criticized the documentary We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks and the film The Fifth Estate, saying "Julian Assange did much for free speech and is now being victimised by the abusers of that concept".[103]

In June 2013, Stone and numerous other celebrities appeared in a video showing support for Chelsea Manning.[104][105]

Ukraine

In December 2014, Stone made statements supporting the Russian government's narrative on Ukraine, portraying the 2014 Ukrainian revolution as a CIA plot. He also refutes the claim that former Ukrainian president (who was ousted as a result of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution) Viktor Yanukovych, was responsible for the killing of protesters as claimed by the new Ukrainian government, and was the legitimate president forced to leave Ukraine by "well-armed, neo-Nazi radicals". He said that in "the tragic aftermath of this coup, the West has maintained the dominant narrative of ’Russia in Crimea’ whereas the true narrative is ’USA in Ukraine’".[106][107][108][109][110][111] The University of Toronto's Stephen Velychenko, the author of several books on Ukrainian history, and James Kirchick of The Daily Beast criticized Stone's comments and plans for a film.[112][113]

Promotion of conspiracy theories

Stone’s interest in conspiracy theories goes beyond creating fictional films on the subject and has expanded into promoting conspiracy theories in books, public appearances, and documentaries. Some of these ideas include:

  • According to ABC News: “Conspiracy theorist/filmmaker Oliver Stone believes the mediocrity of Hollywood movies, and the fact that the industry is controlled by a handful of huge corporations, may have been a driving factor for Osama bin Laden and his minions.”[4]
  • Stone also used a common conspiracist concept – a “New World Order” - to describe media companies: “That's what the new world order is… They control culture, they control ideas. And I think the revolt of September 11th was about 'Fuck you! Fuck your order—' "[5]
  • Stone has also suggested a link between 9/11 and the controversies of the 2000 election: "Does anybody make a connection between the 2000 election and the events of September 11th? … Look for the thirteenth month!"[5]
  • Stone contributed a chapter to the 2012 book Last Word: My Indictment of the CIA in the Murder of JFK by Mark Lane and published by Skyhorse Publishing.[6] Skyhorse has published numerous other conspiracy theory books, some including forewords or an introduction by Stone,[114] namely The JFK Assassination,[115] Reclaiming Parkland: Tom Hanks, Vincent Bugliosi, and the JFK Assassination in the New Hollywood,[116] and JFK: The CIA, Vietnam, and the Plot to Assassinate John F. Kennedy[117] which features a quote from Stone on the newest edition's cover: "Blows the lid right off our 'Official History.'"[118]
  • In a June 2017 interview with The Nation to promote his documentary on Putin, Stone rejected the consensus findings of the United States’ intelligence agencies that Russia sought to influence the 2016 election. He accused the CIA, FBI, and NSA of fabricating evidence: “They cooked this intelligence.” Stone then shifted the discussion to Israel and Saudi Arabia instead: “The influence on the election from the Russians to me is absurd to the naked eye. Israel has far more influence on American elections through AIPAC. Saudi Arabia has influence through money… Sheldon Adelson and the Koch brothers have much more influence on American elections… And the prime minister of Israel comes to our country and addresses Congress to criticize the president’s policy in Iran at the time—that’s pretty outrageous.”[119]
  • Amidst other criticisms of Stone’s documentary series and accompanying book The Untold History of the United States, Daily Beast contributor Michael Moynihan notes the reliance on untrustworthy sources, such as Victor Marchetti, an antisemitic conspiracy theorist published in Holocaust denial journals. Moynihan writes further on the project’s conspiracist themes: “There are hints at dark forces throughout the book: business interests controlled by the Bush family that were (supposedly) linked to Nazi Germany, a dissenting officer in the CIA found murdered after disagreeing with a cabal of powerful neoconservatives, suggestions that CIA director Allen Dulles was a Nazi sympathizer.”[120]
  • A review of Untold History at The Huffington Post by filmmaker Robert Orlando, a self-described fan of Stone’s films, named “two flawed assumptions that underlie their master theory. First is the notion that the central conflict of the 20th century can be laid at the feet of a right-wing military conspiracy… Stone’s second flawed assumption in Untold History is that capitalism coordinated the military-industrial complex’s agenda.”[121]

Award and nominations

Academy Awards

Year Category Film Result
1979 Best Adapted Screenplay Midnight Express Won
1987 Best Director Platoon Won
Best Picture Won
Best Original Screenplay Nominated
Salvador Nominated
1990 Best Picture Born on the Fourth of July Nominated (shared with A. Kitman Ho)
Best Director Won
Best Adapted Screenplay Nominated (shared with Ron Kovic)
1992 Best Picture JFK Nominated (shared with A. Kitman Ho)
Best Director Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Nominated (shared with Zachary Sklar)
1996 Best Original Screenplay Nixon Nominated (shared with Stephen J. Rivele
Christopher Wilkinson)

Filmography

The cast of Snowden speaking at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con International in San Diego, California.
Year Film Dir. Wri. Pro. Academy Awards Golden Globe Awards BAFTA Awards Golden Raspberry Awards
Nominations Wins Nominations Wins Nominations Wins Nominations Wins
1973 Sugar Cookies No No Yes
1974 Seizure Yes Yes No
1978 Midnight Express No Yes No 4 2 2 6 3 3
1981 The Hand Yes Yes No
1982 Conan the Barbarian No Yes No 1 1
1983 Scarface No Yes No 3 1
1985 Year of the Dragon No Yes No 2 5
1986 Salvador Yes Yes Yes 2
8 Million Ways to Die No Yes No
Platoon Yes Yes No 8 4 4 3 3 2
1987 Wall Street Yes Yes No 1 1 1 1 1 1
1988 Talk Radio Yes Yes No
1989 Born on the Fourth of July Yes Yes Yes 8 2 5 4 2
1990 Blue Steel No No Yes
Reversal of Fortune No No Yes 2 1 3 1
1991 The Doors Yes Yes No
JFK Yes Yes No 8 2 4 1 2 2
1992 Zebrahead No No Yes
South Central No No Yes
1993 Heaven & Earth Yes Yes Yes 1 1
Wild Palms No No Yes
The Joy Luck Club No No Yes 1
1994 Natural Born Killers Yes Yes No 1
The New Age No No Yes
1995 Nixon Yes Yes Yes 4 1 1
Indictment: The McMartin Trial No No Yes
1996 Freeway No No Yes
Evita No Yes No 4 1 2 3 8
The People vs. Larry Flynt No No Yes 2 3 2
Killer: A Journal of Murder No No Yes
1997 U Turn Yes Yes No 2
Cold Around the Heart No No Yes
Gravesend No No Yes
1998 Savior No No Yes
1999 Any Given Sunday Yes Yes Yes
The Corruptor No No Yes
2001 The Day Reagan Was Shot No No Yes
2003 Persona Non Grata Yes No No
Comandante Yes No No
2004 Alexander Yes Yes No 6
Looking for Fidel Yes Yes No
2006 World Trade Center Yes No No
2008 W. Yes No No
2009 South of the Border Yes No No
2010 Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps Yes No Yes 1
2012 Savages Yes Yes No
Oliver Stone's Untold History of the United States Yes Yes Yes
2016 Snowden Yes Yes No 1
All Governments Lie No No Yes
2017 The Putin Interviews Yes Yes Yes
Total 43 14 33 22 20 7 17 1

Bibliography

  • Oliver Stone; Richard Boyle (1987). Oliver Stone's Platoon & Salvador. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-394-75629-5.
  • Oliver Stone; Zachary Sklar (1992). JFK: The Book of the Film : the Documented Screenplay. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-1-55783-127-9.
  • Oliver Stone (1998). A Child's Night Dream: A Novel. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-19446-8.
  • Oliver Stone (2001). Oliver Stone: Interviews. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-57806-303-1.
  • Mark Lane; Robert K. Tanenbaum; Oliver Stone (2012). Last Word: My Indictment of the CIA in the Murder of JFK. Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-62087-070-9.
  • Oliver Stone; Peter Kuznick (2012). The Untold History of the United States. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-1351-3.
  • Kieran Fitzgerald; Oliver Stone (2016). Snowden: Official Motion Picture Edition [Screenplay]. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5107-1971-2.
  • Oliver Stone, Robert Scheer (2017). The Putin Interviews. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. ISBN 978-1-5107-3343-5.

References

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  5. ^ a b c Friend, Tad (October 15, 2001). "Oliver Stone's Chaos Theory". ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  6. ^ a b Lane, Mark (November 2012). Last Word: My Indictment of the CIA in the Murder of JFK. Skyhorse. ISBN 9781620870709.
  7. ^ James Riordan (September 1996). Stone: A Biography of Oliver Stone. New York: Aurum Press. p. 377. ISBN 1-85410-444-6.
  8. ^ "Oliver Stone finds in 'Snowden' a real government conspiracy". The Seattle Times. September 13, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  9. ^ "In 'Snowden,' Oliver Stone depicts the NSA leaker as pure hero". Chicago Sun-Times. September 14, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  10. ^ Purdum, Todd. "If You Liked "Nixon" . . ". The Hive. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
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  44. ^ "Oliver Stone Clarifies Comments, Backs Out of 'Guantanamo' TV Series If Weinstein Co. Involved".
  45. ^ Richard Corliss (September 27, 2007). "South of the Border: Chávez and Stone's Love Story". Time. Retrieved September 8, 2009.
  46. ^ Stone: Film an intro to Chávez and his movement, by Ian James, Associated Press, May 29, 2010
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  62. ^ "Oliver Stone's Four-Hour Interview With Vladimir Putin to Premiere on Showtime". Retrieved May 1, 2017.
  63. ^ Merry, Stephanie. "Oliver Stone defended Vladimir Putin to Stephen Colbert. The audience laughed at him". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
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  65. ^ Stone, Oliver (2001). Oliver Stone: Interviews — Oliver Stone, Charles L. P. Silet — Google Books. ISBN 9781578063031. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
  66. ^ O'Donnell, Monica M. (1984). Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television – Monica M. O'Donnell – Google Books. ISBN 9780810320642. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
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  115. ^ DiEugenio, James (May 1, 2018). The JFK Assassination. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781510739840.
  116. ^ DiEugenio, James (September 20, 2016). Reclaiming Parkland: Tom Hanks, Vincent Bugliosi, and the JFK Assassination in the New Hollywood. Skyhorse. ISBN 9781510707771.
  117. ^ Prouty, L. Fletcher (April 2011). JFK: The CIA, Vietnam, and the Plot to Assassinate John F. Kennedy. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. ISBN 9781616082918.
  118. ^ "JFK". Skyhorse Publishing. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
  119. ^ Rampell, Ed (June 12, 2017). "Oliver Stone Talks to 'The Nation' About His New Documentary 'The Putin Interviews'". ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  120. ^ Moynihan, Michael (November 19, 2012). "Oliver Stone's Junk History of the United States Debunked". Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  121. ^ Orlando, Robert (September 17, 2014). "Untold (or Retold?) History : Oliver Stone's Showtime Series". Huffington Post. Retrieved February 15, 2019.

Further reading

  • Hamburg, Eric. Nixon: An Oliver Stone Film. Hyperion Books. ISBN 0-7868-8157-7
  • Riordan, James. Stone: The Biography. (1996)
  • Salewicz, Chris. Oliver Stone: the making of his movies. Orion. ISBN 0-7528-1820-1
  • Stone, Oliver. "A Child's Night Dream".
  • Scott, Ian and Henry Thompson. "The Cinema of Oliver Stone. Art, Authorship and Activism" (2016) Manchester University Press. ISBN 978 1 5261 0871 5
  • Wills, Garry (July 1997). "Dostoyevsky behind a camera : Oliver Stone is making great American novels on film". Movies. The Atlantic Monthly. 280 (1): 96–101.
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