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| rowspan=2 |'''<big>[[Dwayne Johnson]]</big>'''<br />Born 1972<br /><small>''({{Age|1972|2|5}} years old)''</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/barackobama |title=Barack Obama |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/barack-obama |title=Barack Obama |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?96805-103/life-portrait-barack-obama|title=Life Portrait of Barack Obama {{!}} C-SPAN.org|website=www.c-span.org|language=en-us|access-date=2019-12-23}}</ref> |
| rowspan=2 |'''<big>[[Dwayne Johnson]]</big>'''<br />Born 1972<br /><small>''({{Age|1972|2|5}} years old)''</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/barackobama |title=Barack Obama |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/barack-obama |title=Barack Obama |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?96805-103/life-portrait-barack-obama|title=Life Portrait of Barack Obama {{!}} C-SPAN.org|website=www.c-span.org|language=en-us|access-date=2019-12-23}}</ref> |
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| rowspan=2 | [[Business career of Donald Trump|<br />Actor/Entertainer]]<br /><small>([[The Trump Organization#Leadership under Donald Trump|1996–2020]])<br />''(No prior elected office)''</small> |
| rowspan=2 | [[Business career of Donald Trump|<br />Actor/Entertainer]]<br /><small>([[The Trump Organization#Leadership under Donald Trump|1996–2020]])<br />''(No prior elected office)''</small> |
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| [[Future Party (United States)|Fururist]] |
| [[Future Party (United States)|Fururist]] |
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| [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] |
| [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] |
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| rowspan=2 | [[Joe Mama]] |
| rowspan=2 | [[Joe Mama]] |
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| [[2024 United States presidential election| |
| [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]] |
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Revision as of 13:53, 9 January 2020
This article is part of a series on the |
Politics of the United States |
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The president of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States, indirectly elected to a four-year term by the people through the Electoral College. The officeholder leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.
Since the office was established in 1789, 44 men have served as president. The first, George Washington, won a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms in office (the only president to have done so) and is therefore counted as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States; the 45th and current president is Donald Trump (since January 20, 2017). There are currently four living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was George H. W. Bush, on November 30, 2018.
The presidency of William Henry Harrison, who died 31 days after taking office in 1841, was the shortest in American history. Franklin D. Roosevelt served the longest, over twelve years, before dying early in his fourth term in 1945. He is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected president more than twice and no one who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected may be elected more than once.[1]
Of those who have served as the nation's president, four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding, and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley and John F. Kennedy), and one resigned (Richard Nixon, facing impeachment). John Tyler was the first vice president to assume the presidency during a presidential term, and set the precedent that a vice president who does so becomes the fully functioning president with his own presidency, as opposed to a caretaker president. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution put Tyler's precedent into law in 1967. It also established a mechanism by which an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency could be filled. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill a vacancy under this provision when he selected Gerald Ford for the office following Spiro Agnew's resignation in 1973. The following year, Ford became the second to do so when he chose Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him after he acceded to the presidency. As no mechanism existed for filling an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency prior to 1967, the office was left vacant until filled through the next ensuing presidential election and subsequent inauguration.
Throughout most of its history, American politics has been dominated by political parties. The Constitution is silent on the issue of political parties, and at the time it came into force in 1789, there were no parties. Soon after the 1st Congress convened, factions began rallying around dominant Washington administration officials, such as Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. Greatly concerned about the capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. He was, and remains, the only U.S. president never affiliated with a political party.[2]
Presidents
Subsequent public office
Three presidents held another U.S. federal office after serving as president.
Unaffiliated (2) Federalist (1) Democratic-Republican (4) Democratic (15) Whig (4) Republican (19) National Union (2) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Presidency[a] | President | Prior office[b] | Party[c] | Election | Vice President | |||
1 | April 30, 1789 [d] – March 4, 1797 |
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George Washington 1732–1799 (Lived 67 years) [3][4][5] |
Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army (1775–1783) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color" | | Unaffiliated [2] |
1788–89 | John Adams [e][f] |
1792 | ||||||||
2 | March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801 |
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John Adams 1735–1826 (Lived 90 years) [6][7][8] |
1st vice president of the United States (1789–1797) |
style="background-color:Template:Federalist Party/meta/color" | | Federalist | 1796 | Thomas Jefferson [g] |
3 | March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809 |
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Thomas Jefferson 1743–1826 (Lived 83 years) [9][10][11] |
2nd vice president of the United States (1797–1801) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic- Republican |
1800 | Aaron Burr March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1805 |
1804 | George Clinton March 4, 1805 – March 4, 1809 | |||||||
4 | March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817 |
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James Madison 1751–1836 (Lived 85 years) [12][13][14] |
5th United States secretary of state (1801–1809) |
rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic- Republican |
1808 | George Clinton March 4, 1809 – April 20, 1812 (Died in office) |
Office vacant (Balance of Clinton's term) | ||||||||
1812 | Elbridge Gerry March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814 (Died in office) | |||||||
Office vacant (Balance of Gerry's term) | ||||||||
5 | March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825 |
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James Monroe 1758–1831 (Lived 73 years) [15][16][17] |
7th United States secretary of state (1811–1817) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic- Republican |
1816 | Daniel D. Tompkins |
1820 | ||||||||
6 | March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829 |
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John Quincy Adams 1767–1848 (Lived 80 years) [18][19][20] |
8th United States secretary of state (1817–1825) |
style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic- Republican |
1824 | John C. Calhoun |
7 | March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1837 |
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Andrew Jackson 1767–1845 (Lived 78 years) [21][22][23] |
U.S. senator from Tennessee (1797–1798 & 1823–1825) |
rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | 1828 | John C. Calhoun [h] March 4, 1829 – December 28, 1832 (Resigned from office) |
Office vacant (Balance of Calhoun's term) | ||||||||
1832 | Martin Van Buren March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837 | |||||||
8 | March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841 |
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Martin Van Buren 1782–1862 (Lived 79 years) [24][25][26] |
8th vice president of the United States (1833–1837) |
style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | 1836 | Richard M. Johnson |
9 | March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841 (Died in office) |
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William Henry Harrison 1773–1841 (Lived 68 years) [27][28][29] |
United States minister to Colombia (1828–1829) |
style="background-color:Template:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Whig | 1840 | John Tyler (Succeeded to presidency) |
10 | April 4, 1841 [i] – March 4, 1845 |
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John Tyler 1790–1862 (Lived 71 years) [30][31][32] |
10th vice president of the United States (1841) |
style="background-color:Template:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Whig April 4, 1841 – September 13, 1841 |
Office vacant | |
style="background-color:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color" | | Unaffiliated September 13, 1841 – March 4, 1845 [j] | |||||||
11 | March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849 |
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James K. Polk 1795–1849 (Lived 53 years) [33][34][35] |
9th governor of Tennessee (1839–1841) |
style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | 1844 | George M. Dallas |
12 | March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850 (Died in office) |
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Zachary Taylor 1784–1850 (Lived 65 years) [36][37][38] |
Major general of the 1st Infantry Regiment United States Army (1846–1849) (No prior elected office) |
style="background-color:Template:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Whig | 1848 | Millard Fillmore (Succeeded to presidency) |
13 | July 9, 1850 [k] – March 4, 1853 |
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Millard Fillmore 1800–1874 (Lived 74 years) [39][40][41] |
12th vice president of the United States (1849–1850) |
style="background-color:Template:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Whig | Office vacant | |
14 | March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857 |
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Franklin Pierce 1804–1869 (Lived 64 years) [42][43][44] |
Brigadier general of the 9th Infantry United States Army (1847–1848) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | 1852 | William R. King March 4 – April 18, 1853 (Died in office) |
Office vacant (Balance of King's term) | ||||||||
15 | March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861 |
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James Buchanan 1791–1868 (Lived 77 years) [45][46][47] |
United States minister to the Court of St James's (1853–1856) |
style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | 1856 | John C. Breckinridge |
16 | March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865 (Assassinated) |
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Abraham Lincoln 1809–1865 (Lived 56 years) [48][49][50] |
U.S. representative for Illinois's 7th District (1847–1849) |
Republican (National Union) [l] |
1860 | Hannibal Hamlin March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1865 | |
style="background-color:Template:National Union Party (United States)/meta/color" | | 1864 | Andrew Johnson March 4 – April 15, 1865 (Succeeded to presidency) | ||||||
17 | April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869 |
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Andrew Johnson 1808–1875 (Lived 66 years) [51][52][53] |
16th vice president of the United States (1865) |
style="background-color:Template:National Union Party (United States)/meta/color" | | National Union April 15, 1865 – c. 1868 |
Office vacant | |
style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic c. 1868 – March 4, 1869 [m] | |||||||
18 | March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877 |
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Ulysses S. Grant 1822–1885 (Lived 63 years) [54][55][56] |
Commanding general of the U.S. Army (1864–1869) (No prior elected office) |
rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 1868 | Schuyler Colfax March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1873 |
1872 | Henry Wilson March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875 (Died in office) | |||||||
Office vacant (Balance of Wilson's term) | ||||||||
19 | March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881 |
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Rutherford B. Hayes 1822–1893 (Lived 70 years) [57][58][59] |
29th & 32nd governor of Ohio (1868–1872 & 1876–1877) |
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 1876 | William A. Wheeler |
20 | March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881 (Assassinated) |
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James A. Garfield 1831–1881 (Lived 49 years) [60][61][62] |
U.S. representative for Ohio's 19th District (1863–1881) |
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 1880 | Chester A. Arthur (Succeeded to presidency) |
21 | September 19, 1881 [n] – March 4, 1885 |
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Chester A. Arthur 1829–1886 (Lived 57 years) [63][64][65] |
20th vice president of the United States (1881) |
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | Office vacant | |
22 | March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889 |
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Grover Cleveland 1837–1908 (Lived 71 years) [66][67][68] |
28th governor of New York (1883–1885) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | 1884 | Thomas A. Hendricks March 4 – November 25, 1885 (Died in office) |
Office vacant (Balance of Hendricks's term) | ||||||||
23 | March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893 |
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Benjamin Harrison 1833–1901 (Lived 67 years) [69][70][71] |
U.S. senator from Indiana (1881–1887) |
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 1888 | Levi P. Morton |
24 | March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897 |
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Grover Cleveland 1837–1908 (Lived 71 years) [66][67][68] |
22nd president of the United States (1885–1889) |
style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | 1892 | Adlai Stevenson |
25 | March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901 (Assassinated) |
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William McKinley 1843–1901 (Lived 58 years) [72][73][74] |
39th governor of Ohio (1892–1896) |
rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 1896 | Garret Hobart March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899 (Died in office) |
Office vacant (Balance of Hobart's term) | ||||||||
1900 | Theodore Roosevelt March 4 – September 14, 1901 (Succeeded to presidency) | |||||||
26 | September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909 |
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Theodore Roosevelt 1858–1919 (Lived 60 years) [75][76][77] |
25th vice president of the United States (1901) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | Office vacant September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905 | |
1904 | Charles W. Fairbanks March 4, 1905 – March 4, 1909 | |||||||
27 | March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913 |
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William Howard Taft 1857–1930 (Lived 72 years) [78][79][80] |
42nd United States secretary of war (1904–1908) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 1908 | James S. Sherman March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912 (Died in office) |
Office vacant (Balance of Sherman's term) | ||||||||
28 | March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921 |
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Woodrow Wilson 1856–1924 (Lived 67 years) [81][82][83] |
34th governor of New Jersey (1911–1913) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | 1912 | Thomas R. Marshall |
1916 | ||||||||
29 | March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923 (Died in office) |
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Warren G. Harding 1865–1923 (Lived 57 years) [84][85][86] |
U.S. senator from Ohio (1915–1921) |
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 1920 | Calvin Coolidge (Succeeded to presidency) |
30 | August 2, 1923 [o] – March 4, 1929 |
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Calvin Coolidge 1872–1933 (Lived 60 years) [87][88][89] |
29th vice president of the United States (1921–1923) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | Office vacant August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925 | |
1924 | Charles G. Dawes March 4, 1925 – March 4, 1929 | |||||||
31 | March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933 |
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Herbert Hoover 1874–1964 (Lived 90 years) [90][91][92] |
3rd United States secretary of commerce (1921–1928) (No prior elected office) |
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 1928 | Charles Curtis |
32 | March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945 (Died in office) |
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Franklin D. Roosevelt 1882–1945 (Lived 63 years) [93][94][95] |
44th governor of New York (1929–1932) |
rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | 1932 | John N. Garner March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941 [p] |
1936 | ||||||||
1940 | Henry A. Wallace January 20, 1941 – January 20, 1945 | |||||||
1944 | Harry S. Truman January 20 – April 12, 1945 (Succeeded to presidency) | |||||||
33 | April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953 |
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Harry S. Truman 1884–1972 (Lived 88 years) [96][97][98] |
34th vice president of the United States (1945) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | Office vacant April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949 | |
1948 | Alben W. Barkley January 20, 1949 – January 20, 1953 | |||||||
34 | January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961 |
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Dwight D. Eisenhower 1890–1969 (Lived 78 years) [99][100][101] |
Supreme Allied Commander Europe (1949–1952) (No prior elected office) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 1952 | Richard Nixon |
1956 | ||||||||
35 | January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 (Assassinated) |
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John F. Kennedy 1917–1963 (Lived 46 years) [102][103][104] |
U.S. senator from Massachusetts (1953–1960) |
style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | 1960 | Lyndon B. Johnson (Succeeded to presidency) |
36 | November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969 |
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Lyndon B. Johnson 1908–1973 (Lived 64 years) [105][106][107] |
37th vice president of the United States (1961–1963) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | Office vacant November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965 | |
1964 | Hubert Humphrey January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1969 | |||||||
37 | January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974 (Resigned) |
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Richard Nixon 1913–1994 (Lived 81 years) [108][109][110] |
36th vice president of the United States (1953–1961) |
rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 1968 | Spiro Agnew January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973 (Resigned from office) |
1972 | ||||||||
Office vacant October 10 – December 6, 1973 | ||||||||
Gerald Ford December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974 (Succeeded to presidency) | ||||||||
38 | August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977 |
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Gerald Ford 1913–2006 (Lived 93 years) [111][112][113] |
40th vice president of the United States (1973–1974) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | Office vacant August 9 – December 19, 1974 | |
Nelson Rockefeller December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977 | ||||||||
39 | January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981 |
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Jimmy Carter Born 1924 (99 years old) [114][115][116] |
76th governor of Georgia (1971–1975) |
style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | 1976 | Walter Mondale |
40 | January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989 |
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Ronald Reagan 1911–2004 (Lived 93 years) [117][118][119] |
33rd governor of California (1967–1975) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 1980 | George H. W. Bush |
1984 | ||||||||
41 | January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 |
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George H. W. Bush 1924–2018 (Lived 94 years) [120][121][122] |
43rd vice president of the United States (1981–1989) |
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 1988 | Dan Quayle |
42 | January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001 |
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Bill Clinton Born 1946 (78 years old) [123][124][125] |
40th & 42nd governor of Arkansas (1979–1981 & 1983–1992) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | 1992 | Al Gore |
1996 | ||||||||
43 | January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009 |
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George W. Bush Born 1946 (78 years old) [126][127][128] |
46th governor of Texas (1995–2000) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 2000 | Dick Cheney |
2004 | ||||||||
44 | January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017 |
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Barack Obama Born 1961 (63 years old) [129][130][131] |
U.S. senator from Illinois (2005–2008) |
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Democratic | 2008 | Joe Biden |
2012 | ||||||||
45 | January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021 |
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Donald Trump Born 1946 (78 years old) [132][133] |
President and Chairman of The Trump Organization (1971–2017) (No prior elected office) |
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Republican | 2016 | Mike Pence |
46 | January 20, 2021 – January 20, 2029 |
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Dwayne Johnson Born 1972 (52 years old) [134][135][136] |
Actor/Entertainer (1996–2020) (No prior elected office) |
style="background-color:Template:Justice Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Fururist | 2020 | Joe Mama |
2024 |
President | Presidency[a] | Subsequent service | |
---|---|---|---|
John Quincy Adams | 6 | 1825–1829 | U.S. representative from Massachusetts (1831–1848) |
Andrew Johnson | 17 | 1865–1869 | U.S. senator from Tennessee (1875) |
William Howard Taft | 27 | 1909–1913 | Chief Justice of the United States (1921–1930) |
Two presidents campaigned unsuccessfully for other U.S. state or federal elective offices after serving as president.
President | Presidency[a] | Office sought unsuccessfully | |
---|---|---|---|
John Quincy Adams | 6 | 1825–1829 | Governor of Massachusetts (1833) |
Andrew Johnson | 17 | 1865–1869 | U.S. senator from Tennessee (1870) |
U.S. representative from Tennessee (1872) |
Many presidents have campaigned unsuccessfully for another term as president. Five did so after a gap of at least one term since they served:
President | Presidency[a] | Office sought unsuccessfully | |
---|---|---|---|
Martin Van Buren | 8 | 1837–1841 | President of the United States (1844) |
President of the United States (1848) | |||
Millard Fillmore | 13 | 1850–1853 | President of the United States (1856) |
Ulysses S. Grant | 18 | 1869–1877 | President of the United States (1880) |
Theodore Roosevelt | 26 | 1901–1909 | President of the United States (1912) |
Herbert Hoover | 31 | 1929–1933 | President of the United States (1940) |
See also
- Acting president of the United States
- Founding Fathers of the United States
- List of presidents of the Continental Congress
- List of vice presidents of the United States
Notes
- ^ a b c d The presidents are numbered according to uninterrupted periods of time served by the same person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Upon the resignation of 37th president Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford became the 38th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Nixon's second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. Grover Cleveland was both the 22nd president and the 24th president because his two terms were not consecutive. A vice president who temporarily becomes acting president under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution is not counted, because the president remains in office during such a period.
- ^ Listed here is the most recent office (either with a U.S. state or the federal government) held by the individual prior to becoming president.
- ^ Three presidents are counted above with multiple political affiliations: John Tyler (Whig, Unaffiliated), Abraham Lincoln (Republican, National Union), and Andrew Johnson (National Union, Democratic).
- ^ Due to logistical delays, instead of being inaugurated on March 4, 1789, the date scheduled for operations of the federal government under the new Constitution to begin, Washington's first inauguration was held 1 month and 26 days later. As a result, his first term was only 1,404 days long (as opposed to the usual 1,461), and was the shortest term for a U.S. president who served a full term.
- ^ Political parties had not been anticipated when the Constitution was drafted in 1787 and ratified in 1788, nor did they exist at the time of the first presidential election in 1788–89. When they did develop, during Washington's first term, Adams joined the faction that became the Federalist Party. The elections of 1792 were the first ones in the United States that were contested on anything resembling a partisan basis.
- ^ Due to logistical delays, Adams assumed the office of Vice President 1 month and 17 days after the March 4, 1789 scheduled start of operations of the new government under the Constitution. As a result, his first term was only 1,413 days long, and was the shortest term for a U.S. vice president who served a full term.
- ^ The 1796 presidential election was the first contested American presidential election and the only one in which a president and vice president were elected from opposing political parties. Federalist John Adams was elected president, and Jefferson of the Democratic-Republicans was elected vice president.
- ^ John Calhoun, formerly a Democratic-Republican, founded the Nullifier Party in 1828 to oppose the Tariff of 1828 and advance the cause of states' rights, but was brought on as Andrew Jackson's running mate in the 1828 presidential election in an effort to broaden the democratic coalition led by Jackson.
- ^ John Tyler was sworn in as president on April 6, 1841.
- ^ John Tyler, a former Democrat, ran for vice president on the Whig Party ticket with Harrison in 1840. Tyler's policy priorities as president soon proved to be opposed to most of the Whig agenda, and he was expelled from the party in September 1841.
- ^ Millard Fillmore was sworn in as president on July 10, 1850.
- ^ When he ran for reelection in 1864, Republican Abraham Lincoln formed a bipartisan electoral alliance with War Democrats by selecting Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate, and running on the National Union Party ticket.
- ^ Democrat Andrew Johnson ran for vice president on the National Union Party ticket with Republican Abraham Lincoln in 1864. Later, while president, Johnson tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union banner. Near the end of his presidency, Johnson rejoined the Democratic Party.
- ^ Chester A. Arthur was initially sworn in as president on September 20, 1881, and then again on September 22.
- ^ Calvin Coolidge was initially sworn in as president on August 3, 1923, and then again on August 21.
- ^ The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution (ratified on January 23, 1933) moved Inauguration Day from March 4 to January 20, beginning in 1937. As a result, Garner's first term in office was 1 month and 12 days shorter than a normal term.
References
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External links
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