Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 30°37′11″N 114°15′27″E / 30.6196°N 114.2576°E / 30.6196; 114.2576
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{{Expand Chinese|date=January 2020}}
{{Expand Chinese|date=January 2020}}
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{{Infobox retail market
{{Infobox retail market
| retail_market_name = Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market<br/>{{nobold|{{lang|zh-Hans|武汉华南海鲜批发市场}}}}
| retail_market_name = Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market<br/>{{nobold|{{lang|zh-Hans|武汉华南海鲜批发市场}}}}

Revision as of 06:00, 31 January 2020

Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market
武汉华南海鲜批发市场
LocationJianghan, Wuhan, Hubei, China
Coordinates30°37′11″N 114°15′27″E / 30.6196°N 114.2576°E / 30.6196; 114.2576
Closing date1 January 2020
Number of tenants1,000+
Total retail floor area50,000+ square meters
Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market
Simplified Chinese武汉华南海鲜批发市场
Traditional Chinese武漢華南海鮮批發市場
Literal meaningWuhan South China Seafood Wholesale Market
Map

The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market (Chinese: 武汉华南海鲜批发市场),[1][2] also known as the Huanan Seafood Market,[3] is a live animal and seafood market in Jianghan District, Wuhan, Hubei province, China. The market gained media attention after the World Health Organization was notified on 31 December 2019 of an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan. Of the initial 41 people hospitalised with the pneumonia, that had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by 2 January 2020, two-thirds had been exposed to the market. The market was closed on 1 January 2020.[1][4][5] 33 out of 585 animal specimens taken from the market showed evidence of 2019-nCoV.[6]

Facility and operations

The market occupies over 50,000 square meters and has over 1,000 tenants.[7][8] It is the largest seafood wholesale market in Wuhan and Central China,[9][10] with its western zone known for its wild animals.[11] The market is located within a couple blocks of the Hankou railway station.[12]

Late 2019, the market passed city official inspections, according to The Wall Street Journal.[6] However, Time reported it to have had "unsanitary" conditions.[13] Its lanes are narrow and the stalls close together, where livestock were kept in close proximity to dead. It was common to see dead animals skinned in the open.[14]

Items sold

Although Huanan Market is known as a seafood market,[15] it was primarily known for the sale of bushmeat (ye wei in Chinese) and other exotic animals due to the demand for such animals for consumption.[7][15] A sales notice posted by one vendor on the popular Chinese review site 'Dazhong Dianping' listed prices for 112 items including a number of wild animals.[16][3][17] The South China Morning Post reported on 29 January 2020, that the market had a section selling around "120 wildlife animals across 75 species".[18]

According to media reports, besides seafood,[15] items sold at the market included:

  1. ^ In the circulated price list, the item described as "koala" is "树熊" (lit. 'tree bear'), which may instead refer to a kind of beaver.[12] Koalas are not found in China except in captivity.

Coronavirus outbreak

Main article: 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak
Further information: Timeline of the 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak

In December 2019, an outbreak of a pneumonia cluster occurred in Wuhan. Preliminary investigation found most of the cases of pneumonia were linked to visitors and tenants working at the market.[27] The market's location near Hankou railway station may have contributed to the spread of the virus.[28]

By 2 January 2020, a new strain of coronavirus, designated (2019-nCoV) was confirmed in an initial 41 people hospitalised with the pneumonia, two-thirds of who had direct exposure to the market.[1][4][29][30] The earliest date for first symptoms was reported as 1 December 2019, in a person who did not have any exposure to the market or to the remaining affected 40 people.[4][31][32] In total, 13 of the 41 people had no link with the market, a significant figure according to infectious diseases specialist Daniel Lucey.[4][31][32]

As coronaviruses (like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) mainly circulate among animals and with a link between the pneumonia outbreak and the market being established, it was suspected that the virus may have been passed from an animal to humans (zoonosis).[33][34] Snakes or bats have been suggested to be the source of the virus, especially considering the variety of wild animals sold at the market.[5][19][35][36][37] It was later announced that the virus is contagious between humans,[5][38] and has been detected in other cities and regions in China and countries outside of China.[5][39][40] A review published on 24 January 2020, noted that market was not associated with any of the cases outside China.[41]

In a pursuit to discover the origin of the 2019-nCoV, samples from the market's animals were taken between 1 January and 12 January 2020.[11] In late January 2020, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention revealed that the virus was found in 33 out of 585 of those animal specimens,[6][19][42] 31 of which came from the area of the market where wildlife was particularly found.[11]

Closure

On 1 January 2020, in response to the initial outbreak of the pneumonia cluster, health authorities closed the market to perform investigations, clean and disinfect the place.[1][34]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Hui, David S.; I Azhar, Esam; Madani, Tariq A.; Ntoumi, Francine; Kock, Richard; Dar, Osman; Ippolito, Giuseppe; Mchugh, Timothy D.; Memish, Ziad A.; Drosten, Christian; Zumla, Alimuddin; Petersen, Eskild (2020). "The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China". International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 91. Elsevier BV: 264–266. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009. ISSN 1201-9712.
  2. ^ "Wuhan pneumonia: how the search for the source of the mystery illness unfolded". South China Morning Post. 22 January 2020. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "On the menu at Wuhan virus market: Rats and live wolf pups". CNA. 22 January 2020. Archived from the original on 22 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d Huang, Chaolin; Wang, Yeming; Li, Xingwang; Ren, Lili; Zhao, Jianping; Hu, Yi; Zhang, Li; Fan, Guohui; Xu, Jiuyang; Gu, Xiaoying; Cheng, Zhenshun (24 January 2020). "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China". The Lancet. 0. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. ISSN 0140-6736. Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d "Overview of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) - Summary of relevant conditions | BMJ Best Practice". bestpractice.bmj.com. January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ a b c d Page, Jeremy (27 January 2020). "Virus Sparks Soul-Searching Over China's Wild Animal Trade". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  7. ^ a b c "Why wild animals are a key ingredient in China's coronavirus outbreak". bangkokpost.com. 23 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  8. ^ "Archived copy" 华南海鲜批发市场西区有十几家贩卖野味的商户. cb.com.cn (in Chinese). 22 January 2020. Archived from the original on 22 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ "Archived copy" 武汉人一年至少吃掉15亿元海鲜 "生吃的"最受欢迎. news.foodmate.net (in Chinese (China)). 17 September 2012. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ^ "Archived copy" 武汉华南海鲜市场：不入虾协商贩甭想做生意_网易商业报道. biz.163.com (in Chinese (China)). 25 July 2005. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^ a b c Schnirring, Lisa (27 January 2020). "Experts: nCoV spread in China's cities could trigger global epidemic". CIDRAP. Retrieved 28 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ a b c "Wuhan virus: a visual explainer". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  13. ^ "Here's What It's Like in Wuhan, the City at the Center of Coronavirus". Time. Retrieved 23 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ Woodward, Aylin (24 January 2020). "The outbreaks of both the Wuhan coronavirus and SARS started in Chinese wet markets. Photos show what the markets look like". Business Insider. Retrieved 25 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ a b c d "The West Blames the Wuhan Coronavirus on China's Love of Eating Wild Animals. The Truth Is More Complex". Time. 24 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  16. ^ a b c d e f South China Morning Post (23 January 2020). Why wild animals are a key ingredient in China's coronavirus outbreak. Bangkok Post Public
  17. ^ "Outrageous menu from Wuhan's market shows live deer, peacocks, wolf pups & over 100 wild animals on sale". Mothership.sg. 23 January 2020. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  18. ^ Li, Peter J. (29 January 2020). "Wuhan coronavirus another reason to ban China's wildlife trade forever". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 30 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ^ a b c d e f g "Snakes Could Be the Original Source of the New Coronavirus Outbreak in China". Scientific American. 22 January 2020. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  20. ^ a b c Schnirring, Lisa (8 January 2020). "Virologists weigh in on novel coronavirus in China's outbreak". CIDRAP. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  21. ^ Campbell, Charlie (24 January 2020). "The West Blames the Wuhan Coronavirus on China's Love of Eating Wild Animals". Time. Retrieved 25 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  22. ^ a b c Perper, Rosie. "China banned live animal sales in Wuhan, after a food market selling wolves and civet cats was linked to a deadly virus". Business Insider. Retrieved 25 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ^ a b "Here's What It's Like in Wuhan, the City at the Center of Coronavirus". Time. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  24. ^ 网传武汉华南市场“大众畜牧野味”所涉摊位已闭店. The Beijing News (in Chinese (China)). 21 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  25. ^ a b Shih, Gerry; Sun, Lena H. (8 January 2020). "Specter of possible new virus emerging from central China raises alarms across Asia". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 8 January 2020 suggested (help)
  26. ^ Guo, Haitao; Gao, Shou-Jiang; Conversation, The (23 January 2020). "Snakes could be the source of the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  27. ^ "Novel Coronavirus – China". World Health Organization. 13 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  28. ^ Garrett, Laurie. "What it will take to stop the Wuhan coronavirus". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  29. ^ Keevil, William; Lang, Trudie; Hunter, Paul; Solomon, Tom (24 January 2020). "Expert reaction to first clinical data from initial cases of new coronavirus in China". Science Media Centre. Retrieved 24 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  30. ^ "New-type coronavirus causes pneumonia in Wuhan: expert". xinhuanet.com 2020. 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  31. ^ a b Barton, Antigone (25 January 2020). "UPDATE Wuhan coronavirus – 2019-nCoV Q&A #6: An evidence-based hypothesis". Science Speaks: Global ID News. Retrieved 27 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  32. ^ a b Cohen, Jon; 2020 (26 January 2020). "Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally". Science | AAAS. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020. {{cite web}}: |last2= has numeric name (help)
  33. ^ "Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)". CDC. 23 January 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  34. ^ a b "Promed Post – ProMED-mail". ProMED-mail. Archived from the original on 22 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  35. ^ Ji, Wei; Wang, Wei; Zhao, Xiaofang; Zai, Junjie; Li, Xingguang (22 January 2020). "Homologous recombination within the spike glycoprotein of the newly identified coronavirus may boost cross-species transmission from snake to human". Journal of Medical Virology. n/a (n/a). doi:10.1002/jmv.25682. ISSN 1096-9071. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  36. ^ Callaway, Ewen; Cyranoski, David (23 January 2020). "Why snakes probably aren't spreading the new China virus". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00180-8. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  37. ^ Multeni, Megan (23 January 2020). "No, the Wuhan Virus Is Not a 'Snake Flu'". Wired. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  38. ^ "China confirms human-to-human transmission of Wuhan virus as WHO emergency group meets". CNA. 21 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
  39. ^ "Virus prompts temperature checks, extra cleaning at airports". ABC News. 24 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  40. ^ Kuo, Lily (24 January 2020). "China virus: ten cities locked down and Beijing festivities scrapped". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  41. ^ Gralinski, Lisa E.; Menachery, Vineet D. (2020). "Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV". Viruses. 12 (2): 135. doi:10.3390/v12020135.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  42. ^ Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda (22 January 2020). "Emerging Viruses without Borders: The Wuhan Coronavirus". Viruses. 12 (2): 130. doi:10.3390/v12020130.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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