Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindi and Urdu pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Hindi-Urdu phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Hindustani.

Consonants IPA Hindi Urdu English equivalent b ब ب abash bʱ भ بھ abhor c, cʰ (sometimes seen for [tʃ, tʃʰ]) d̪ द د ado (closer to French d) d̪ʱ ध دھ adhere ɖ ड ڈ guard ɖʱ ढ ڈھ guardhouse dʒ ज ج hedge dʒʱ झ جھ hedgehog f फ़ ف food ɡ ग گ agate ɡʱ घ گھ pigheaded h ः ح head (final only) ɦ ह ahead j य ي yak ɟ, ɟʱ (sometimes seen for [dʒ, dʒʱ]) k क ک scan kʰ ख کھ can l ल ل leaf m म م much n न ن not ɳ ण ڻ burner (Sanskrit; often [n]) ŋ ं - bank p प پ span pʰ फ پھ pan q क़ ق a k in the throat (Urdu; often [k] in Hindi) r र ر trilled r ɽ ड, ड़ ڑ US: larder ɽʱ ढ, ढ़ ڑھ as [ɽ] plus h s स س sue ʂ ष – worship (Sanskrit; often [ʃ]) ʃ श ش shoe t̪ त ت stable (closer to French t) t̪ʰ थ تھ table ʈ ट ٹ art ʈʰ ठ ٹھ art-historian tʃ च چ catch tʃʰ छ چھ choose ʋ व و between w and v x ख़ خ Bach (Urdu; often [kʰ] in Hindi) ɣ ग़ غ like a French r (Urdu; often [ɡ] in Hindi) z ज़ ز zen

Vowels IPA Hindi Urdu English equivalent aː आ, पा آ, با Spanish or French a to English bra eː ए, पे ے between yell and Yale ɛː ऐ, पै yell ə अ, प بَ nut iː ई, पी ی feet ɪ इ, पि بِ dill oː ओ, पो و old ɔː औ, पौ law uː ऊ, पू loot ʊ उ, पु بُ look  ̃ ँ nasal vowel ([ãː], [õː], etc.) Suprasegmentals IPA ˈ stress (placed before stressed syllable) ː doubled consonant