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Daisaku Ikeda

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Daisaku Ikeda
File:Daisaku Ikeda 1961.jpg
President of Sōka Gakkai International
Assumed office
26 January 1975
Honorary President of Sōka Gakkai
Assumed office
24 April 1979
President of Sōka Gakkai
In office
3 May 1960 – 23 April 1979
Preceded byJosei Toda
Succeeded byHiroshi Hōjō (北条浩)
Personal details
Born (1928-01-02) 2 January 1928 (age 96)
Ōta, Tokyo, Japan
SpouseKaneko Ikeda (池田香峯子)
ChildrenHiromasa Ikeda (池田博正)
Takahiro Ikeda (池田尊弘) Official Website
Alma materFuji Junior College (present-day Tokyo Fuji University)[1]

Daisaku Ikeda (池田 大作, Ikeda Daisaku, born January 2, 1928, Japan) is the founder and current president of Sōka Gakkai International (SGI), the international offshoot of Sōka Gakkai, a Nichiren Buddhist lay association which has more than 12 million members in 190 countries around the world [2].Daisaku Ikeda is a Buddhist leader, peacebuilder, a prolific writer, poet, educator and founder of a number of cultural, educational and peace research institutions around the world.As third president of the Soka Gakkai (value-creating society) and founder of the Soka Gakkai International, Daisaku Ikeda has developed and inspired what may be the largest, most diverse international lay Buddhist association in the world today. Based on the 700-year-old tradition of Nichiren Buddhism, the movement is characterized by its emphasis on individual empowerment and social engagement to advance peace, culture and education.[3]

Biography

Daisaku Ikeda was born in Tokyo, Japan, on January 2, 1928, the fifth of eight children in a family of seaweed farmers. Ikeda grew up in an age when Japan's militarist regime was driving the nation inexorably to war. In 1937, the year full-scale hostilities broke out between Japan and China, Ikeda's eldest brother, Kiichi, was drafted, to be followed by three other brothers as the years passed. Kiichi was killed in the war, but his description of his disgust at the Japanese military's treatment of the Chinese people left a lasting impression on Ikeda.[4]

Ikeda was a young teenager in the 1940s when Japan entered World War II. His family home was twice destroyed in air raids and he experienced firsthand the devastation of the March 9-10, 1945, firebombing of Tokyo in which 100,000 people were killed.

In the chaos of postwar Japan, Ikeda encountered Josei Toda (1900-58), head of the lay Buddhist organization Soka Gakkai, who had opposed the policies of the wartime government and had suffered persecutions and a two-year imprisonment as a result. Toda was in the process of rebuilding the Soka Gakkai, which he had founded together with fellow educator Tsunesaburo Makiguchi (1871-1944) in 1930 and which had been all but destroyed by the militarist government during the war. Toda was deeply convinced that the philosophy of Nichiren Buddhism, with its focus on the profound potential of the individual human being, would be the key to bringing about a social transformation within Japan.[5]

Ikeda joined the Soka Gakkai in 1947. He devoted himself to supporting Toda and his vision, completing his education under the tutelage of Toda, who became his mentor in life. He assisted Toda following the collapse of his businesses during the war, and then played a central role in helping achieve a monumental increase in the Soka Gakkai's membership, from just 3,000 households in 1951 to 750,000 by 1957.[6]

Soka Gakkai President

In May 1960, two years after Toda's death, Ikeda, then 32, succeeded him as president of the Soka Gakkai. One of Ikeda's first initiatives after assuming the presidency was to undertake a trip abroad in order to encourage Soka Gakkai members living overseas. In the USA, and in the numerous other countries he visited in the next few years, Ikeda established an organizational structure to encourage and facilitate more frequent interaction between the members. Within his first four years as president, he had traveled to North and South America, Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Oceania, starting to lay the foundations for an overseas organization that today has members in 192 countries and territories.

It was also during these overseas trips that he began planning the foundation of a series of research and other institutions dedicated to academic and cultural exchange and peace research. These include the Institute of Oriental Philosophy (1962), the Min-On Concert Association (1963), the Tokyo Fuji Art Museum (1983), the Ikeda Center for Peace, Learning, and Dialogue (formerly, the Boston Research Center for the 21st Century, 1993) and the Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research (1996).[7]

Both Toda and his mentor, Makiguchi, had been educators working to implement Makiguchi's theory of value-creating pedagogy, and one of Ikeda's initiatives was to establish a system of schools that would give physical form to the ideals of his predecessors. Junior and Senior Soka High Schools were founded in Tokyo in 1968, followed by the establishment of Soka University in 1971 and Soka University of America in 2001. The establishment of these schools, which are open to all students and offer no religious instruction, was the first major step in an ongoing endeavor to develop a humanistic educational system, one that Ikeda has described as the culminating undertaking of his life.[8]

In 1964 Ikeda began writing his serialized novel, The Human Revolution, which details the struggles of his mentor, Josei Toda, to reconstruct the Soka Gakkai after his release from prison at the end of World War II. It opens with a concise, scathing condemnation of war and militarism that offers a clear context for the movement's objectives: "Nothing is more barbarous than war. Nothing is more cruel . . . . Nothing is more pitiful than a nation being swept along by fools."

On September 8, 1968, during an address to some 20,000 members of the Soka Gakkai's student division, Ikeda called for the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations and outlined steps toward achieving this. At the time, China was still perceived as an enemy nation by many within Japan and was isolated within the international community. Ikeda's proposal drew condemnation, but it also caught the attention of those, both in China and in Japan, who were interested in restoring relations between the two countries, including Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai.[9]

Ikeda also began to engage in dialogue with political figures during the 1970s. This was a time of deep tensions between the superpowers, with the threat of nuclear annihilation hanging over humanity. During 1974 and 1975, he visited China, the USSR and the USA, meeting with Zhou Enlai, Soviet Premier Aleksey Kosygin and US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in turn, in an effort to break deadlock and open channels of communication in order to help prevent the outbreak of war.

One of the hallmarks of Ikeda's peace philosophy is his commitment to dialogue. He has met and exchanged views with representatives of cultural, political, educational and artistic fields from around the world. Many of these meetings have led to the publication of collaborative dialogues seeking common ground on a diverse range of topics--history, economics, peace studies, astronomy and medicine, to name a few. Among the individuals with whom Ikeda has published dialogues are the British historian Arnold Toynbee, former Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev, theologian Harvey J. Cox, futurist Hazel Henderson, Brazilian champion of human rights Austregésilo de Athayde, Chinese literary giant Jin Yong and Indonesian Muslim leader Abdurrahman Wahid.

Ikeda's activities during the 1970s demonstrated that his vision of the role of Nichiren Buddhism in society--its imperative for people's happiness--is not bound by a narrow sense of religiosity. For Ikeda, Nichiren's Buddhism is the philosophical basis for an active engagement with the global and societal challenges of the modern world.[10]

SGI President

On January 26, 1975, Soka Gakkai representatives from 51 countries and territories gathered on the island of Guam where the Soka Gakkai International (SGI) was established, with Ikeda as its founding president. The site of some of the bloodiest fighting of World War II, Guam was symbolically chosen as the site of this meeting to launch a new movement for peace.

Since that time, the SGI has developed into a broad global network with affiliated, independent SGI organizations in 93 countries and territories. As well as teaching the practice and philosophy of Nichiren Buddhism, local SGI organizations promote the causes of peace, culture and education in their respective societies, while the organization has also developed large-scale international public exhibitions on such issues as building a culture of peace, nuclear abolition, sustainable development and human rights.[11]


In 1983, Ikeda began writing peace proposals, which he has continued to publish annually on the anniversary of the SGI's founding, January 26. These proposals offer a perspective on issues facing humanity, suggesting solutions and responses grounded in Buddhist philosophy. They include specific agendas for strengthening the United Nations, including boosting the capacity for civil society involvement, which Ikeda regards as essential to the establishment of a peaceful world. The proposals frequently illustrate the crucial importance of dialogue as a means to break through deadlock in world affairs.

In addition to his own wartime experiences, the starting point for Ikeda's championing of peace is the declaration calling for the abolition of nuclear weapons made by Josei Toda in 1957, the year before his death. Toda denounced nuclear weapons as the embodiment of evil, insisting that their use must be condemned, not from the standpoint of ideology, nationality or ethnic identity, but from the universal dimension of humanity and our inalienable right to live. Ikeda has ceaselessly dedicated himself to spreading this message around the globe, raising awareness and building a grassroots movement which works for the abolition of these most inhumane weapons.


In 1974, Ikeda accepted an invitation to deliver a lecture at the University of California, Los Angeles. The following year he delivered a lecture at Moscow State University entitled "A New Road to East-West Cultural Exchange." On the same occasion he accepted an honorary doctorate from the university. These events signaled the beginning of a growing international recognition for his contributions to cultural exchange and the promotion of education and peace. During the 1980s and 1990s, Ikeda accepted invitations to speak at some 30 universities throughout Asia, America and Europe. His lectures explore the themes of education, cultural exchange and peace, grounded in his Buddhist perspective and considered within the particular cultural, intellectual and historical context of the country concerned. To date, Ikeda has been awarded with over 300 honorary doctorates and professorships from institutions around the world. His writings on peace are currently used in university-level course materials in countries as diverse as Argentina and the United States. Over 20 research institutes have been dedicated to the study of his philosophy.[12]

The central tenet of Ikeda's thought is the fundamental sanctity of life, a value which he sees as the key to lasting peace and human happiness. In his view, global peace relies ultimately on a self-directed transformation within the life of the individual, rather than on societal or structural reforms alone. While this route may be long, he believes it is the only way to build a lasting culture of peace.[13]

This idea is expressed most succinctly in a passage in his best-known work, The Human Revolution, his novelization of the Soka Gakkai's history and ideals: "A great inner revolution in just a single individual will help achieve a change in the destiny of a nation and, further, will enable a change in the destiny of all humankind."[14]

Accomplishments

Ikeda is a prolific writer, peace activist and interpreter of Nichiren Buddhism.[citation needed] His interests include photography, art, philosophy, and music. He has signed the Earth Charter. He has traveled to more than 50 countries to hold discussions with political, cultural, and educational figures, as well as to teach, support, and encourage SGI practitioners.

Topics he has addressed include the transformative value of religion, the universal sanctity of life,[15] social responsibility, and sustainable progress and development.

As head of SGI, Ikeda has founded several institutions, such as the Sōka University, Sōka schools, the International Committee of Artists for Peace,[n 1] the Min-On Concert Association,[n 2] the Tokyo Fuji Art Museum (TFAM),[n 3] the Institute of Oriental Philosophy (IOP),[n 4] and the Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research.[n 5]

In addition, he has guided Sōka Gakkai's support of, and involvement in, the New Komeito Party (Kōmeitō), a Japanese political party which, as of 2007, is part of a coalition with the Liberal Democratic Party. Ikeda has also initiated a wide range of grassroots exchange programs,[16][17][18] and delivered speeches at a number of institutions of higher learning around the world, including Harvard University, the Institut de France, Beijing University, and Moscow State University. The Gandhi, King, Ikeda exhibition showcases the peace activism of Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr, and Ikeda.[19] Another exhibition is Dialogue with Nature showcasing Ikeda's photographs.[20][21] He has also sponsored a documentary film about the environment, A Quiet Revolution.

Ikeda's many children's books have been animated into anime.[22] [23]

He is an honorary member of the Club of Rome.[24]

Honorary doctorates and professorships

Ikeda received his 300th degree from the University of Massachusetts Boston on November 21, 2010.[25] He has said that "The academic honors I have accepted have all been on behalf of the members of SGI around the world."[26] His pursuit to promote peace through humanism over the past 60 years has been recognised worldwide, for which he has received over 340 academic honours.[26]

Other awards

Personal life

Ikeda lives in Tokyo with his wife, Kaneko (born 1932), whom he married on May 3, 1952. He has three sons, Hiromasa (born 1953; Vice-president of Sōka Gakkai),[46] Shirohisa (1955–1984), and Takahiro (born 1958).

Books

  • Compassionate Light in Asia with Jin Yong
  • The Human Revolution (12 volumes):Human Revolution in SGI
  • The New Human Revolution (30+ Volumes, this is an ongoing series)
  • Choose Life: A Dialogue with Arnold J. Toynbee
  • Dawn After Dark with René Huyghe
  • Before It Is Too Late with Aurelio Peccei
  • Human Values in a changing world with Bryan Wilson
  • A Lifelong Quest for Peace with Linus Pauling
  • Dialogue of World Citizens with Norman Cousins
  • Choose Peace with Johan Galtung
  • Planetary Citizenship with Hazel Henderson
  • Moral Lesson of the Twentieth Century with Mikhail Gorbachev
  • A Quest for Global Peace: Rotblat and Ikeda on War, Ethics, and the Nuclear Threat with Joseph Rotblat
  • Global Civilization: A Buddhist-Islamic Dialogue With Majid Tehranian
  • Toward Creating an Age of Humanism with John Kenneth Galbraith
  • Dialogical Civilization with Tu Weiming
  • My Recollections
  • One By One
  • For the Sake of Peace
  • A Youthful Diary
  • The Living Buddha
  • Buddhism, the First Millennium
  • The Flower of Chinese Buddhism
  • The Wisdom of the Lotus Sutra (6 volumes)
  • On Peace, Life and Philosophy with Henry Kissinger
  • Human Rights on the 21st Century with Austregesilo de Athayde
  • Revolutions: to green the environment, to grow the human heart with M.S. Swaminathan
  • Unlocking the Mysteries of Birth and Death: A Buddhist View of Life
  • Life: An Enigma, a Precious Jewel
  • Humanity at the Crossroads with Karan Singh
  • The Snow Country Prince (children's book)
  • The Cherry Tree (children's book)
  • The Princess and the Moon (children's book)
  • Over the Deep Blue Sea (children's book)
  • Kanta and the Deer (children's book)
  • The Way of Youth: Buddhist Common Sense for Handling Life's Questions (with a foreword by Duncan Sheik)
  • Planetary Citizenship with Hazel Henderson
  • Songs of Peace: Rendezvous with Nature (Photographs) (Tokyo: Sōka Gakkai, 2005)
  • "A Dialogue Between East and West: Looking to a Human Revolution" with Ricardo Diez-Hochleitner
  • Ode to the Grand Spirit — A dialogue — with Chingiz Aitmatov
  • 'La fuerza de la Esperanza; Reflexiones sobre la paz y los derechos humanos en el tercer milenio' (dialogue between Argentine Nobel Peace laureate Dr. Adolfo Pérez Esquivel and Daisaku Ikeda) (Buenos Aires, Emecé, 2011)


Notes

References

  1. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda Profile". Soka University. Retrieved 22 February 2013. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 15 (help)
  2. ^ "Soka Gakkai International".
  3. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda".
  4. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda".
  5. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda".
  6. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda".
  7. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda".
  8. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda".
  9. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda".
  10. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda".
  11. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda".
  12. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda".
  13. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda".
  14. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda".
  15. ^ "Stop the Killing", The World is Yours to Change, [by Daisaku Ikeda, Asahi Press, Tokyo, 2002]. Accessed April 29, 2013.
  16. ^ Ecological paradise, The Times of India
  17. ^ Survey of Youth Attitudes to Nuclear Weapons, Nuclear Power
  18. ^ UNHCR Recognises Importance of Faith for the Uprooted
  19. ^ Adam Gamble and Takesato Watanabe, A Public Betrayed: An Inside Look at Japanese Media Atrocities and Their Warnings to the West (Regnery Publishing, 2004).
  20. ^ Levi McLaughlin, Sōka Gakkai in Japan, PhD dissertation, Princeton University, 2009. This dissertation is mentioned here [1] (academia.edu).
  21. ^ Joam Evans Pim, ed., Toward a Nonkilling Paradigm, 8th World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates.
  22. ^ Educating kids through animated films, The Hindu
  23. ^ Chinese Part 1 – Dr. Daisaku Ikeda's animation stories – Malaysia ntv7
  24. ^ list of honorary members, Club of Rome.
  25. ^ 創価学会の池田名誉会長、海外からの称号300個に
  26. ^ a b c "Daisaku Ikeda Receives Honorary Degree from UMass Boston at Special Ceremony in Japan", University of Massachusetts Boston, 23 November 2010. Accessed 2 January 2010. Cite error: The named reference "umb2010" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  27. ^ "Honorary Degrees and Titles" (PDF), University of Macau. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  28. ^ a b c "Conferral Ceremony". Retrieved 2012-10-05.
  29. ^ Citation, University of Hong Kong, 2005. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  30. ^ "Honorary degree awarded U.N. Peace Award winner", University of Delaware Update vol. 19, no. 18, 3 February 2000. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  31. ^ Press release, University of Sydney, 7 October 2010. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  32. ^ Press release, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 16 October 2000. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  33. ^ "RUC and the world", Renmin University of China. Accessed 12 February 2013.
  34. ^ Cite error: The named reference siuc_recommendation was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  35. ^ Untitled page, Jiaying University. Accessed 12 February 2013.
  36. ^ "Yan'an University in Shaanxi, China, Confers Lifetime Professorship", Yan'an University. Accessed 12 February 2013.
  37. ^ "Rector traveled to Japan to present the respective certificates to of honorary doctorate", Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts and Artists, reproduced at World News, 26 March 2011.
  38. ^ "Monsieur Daisaku Ikeda, philosophe bouddhiste japonais, artisan de la paix, auteur et poète", Université Laval. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  39. ^ "the chancellor conferred an honorary doctorate of humanities to peace activist Dr Daisaku Ikeda", Universiti Malaya.
  40. ^ "OUM honors proponent of world peace and humanity", Open University Malaysia, 1 April 2010. Accessed 11 February 2011.
  41. ^ "Rector UPV nombra Doctor Honoris Causa al destacado líder pacifista japonés Daisaku Ikeda", Universia, 9 September 2010. Accessed 19 March 2012.
  42. ^ "Penganugerahan Doctor Honoris Causa untuk Prof. Dr. Daisaku Ikeda".
  43. ^ "Buckingham delegation visits Japan". Retrieved 2011-11-27.
  44. ^ "Shihab Ghanem receives Tagore Peace Award". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  45. ^ "Jamnalal Bajaj Awards Archive". Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation.
  46. ^ "Soka Gakkai Delegation Visits China". Soka Gakkai International. 2012-01-13. Retrieved 2013-11-06.

Further reading

  • Seager, Richard: Encountering the Dharma: Daisaku Ikeda, Sōka Gakkai, and the Globalization of Buddhism. University of California Press, 2006.
Preceded by President of Sōka Gakkai
1960–1979
Succeeded by
Hiroshi Hōjō

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