Mack Rides
File:Mack Rides logo.svg | |
Company type | Private, family-owned |
---|---|
Industry | Amusement park |
Founded | 1780 |
Founder | Paul Mack |
Headquarters | Waldkirch, Baden-Württemberg, Germany |
Area served | Worldwide |
Products | Roller coasters, water rides and other amusement rides |
Owner | Mack family |
Subsidiaries | Europa-Park |
Website | www |
Mack Rides GmbH & Co KG,[1] also known simply as Mack Rides, is a German company that designs and constructs amusement rides, based in Waldkirch, Baden-Württemberg. It is one of the world's oldest amusement industry suppliers, and builds many types of rides, including flat rides, dark rides, log flumes, tow boat rides and roller coasters.[2] The family that owns Mack Rides also owns Europa-Park.[3]
History
1780s–1950s
Mack Rides traces its roots back to 1780 when Paul Mack, a young entrepreneur, started building carriages and stagecoaches. The Mack Company began building organ wagons and caravans for travelling showmen in 1880, commencing the company's involvement in the amusement industry. Its first wooden roller coaster was built in 1921, the first car ride in 1936, and the first wooden bobsled ride in 1951. By 1952 Mack Rides started increasing its exports of rides to the U.S. market.[2]
1950s–present
Europa-Park is run by the Mack family. Franz Mack (1921–2010) in 1958 took over the family firm, Mack GmbH & Co (now Mack Rides), together with his brothers. With his son Roland (b. 1949), he visited the United States in 1972 and was inspired to open a theme park in Germany, as an exhibition site for his company's products.[citation needed]
At first the park was to be located in Breisach. It was named "Europa-Park" after Breisach's nearby Europaweiher, a small artificial lake that commemorates a historical pilot poll in Breisach held in 1950, in which 95.6% of voters were in favour of European unification. The Breisach site was deemed unsuitable because of flooding hazard, and the project was moved 30 km north, where the Macks bought the park of the historical Balthasar castle in Rust.[citation needed]
Europa-Park opened in 1975 with an area of 16 hectares. It had 250,000 visitors in its first year, 700,000 in the second, then passed one million in 1978.[citation needed]
List of roller coasters
As of February 2022, Mack Rides has built 156 roller coasters around the world.[4]
Name | Model | Park | Country | Opened | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Run A Way Mine Train | Powered Coaster | Gold Reef City | South Africa | Unknown | Operating | [5] |
Turmbahn | Unknown | Tivoli Gardens | Denmark | 1938 | Removed | [6] |
Meteor | Unknown | Sportland Pier Freedom Land USA Sportland Pier |
United States | 1966 1963 to 1965 1960 to 1961 |
Removed | [7] [8] [9] |
Apache Whirlwind | Powered Coaster | Frontier Village Amusement Park | United States | 1976 | Removed | [10] |
Wizard's Cavern Formerly Love Bugs Formerly Broadway Trip |
Unknown | Casino Pier Canadian National Exhibition Palisades Amusement Park Cedar Point Fun Forest Amusement Park |
United States | 1979 1972 to 1978 1966 to 1971 1964 to 1965 1962 to 1962 |
Removed | [11] [12] [13] & [14] [15] [16] |
Blauer Enzian | Powered Coaster | Gröna Lund | Sweden | 1980 | Removed | [17] |
Tokaido | Powered Coaster | Ankara Luna Park | Turkey | 1980 | Operating | [18] |
Thunder Run Formerly Blauer Enzian |
Powered Coaster | Canada's Wonderland | Canada | 1981 | Operating | [19] |
Flying Fish Formerly Space Station Zero |
Powered Coaster | Thorpe Park | United Kingdom | 1983 | Operating | [20] & [21] |
Alpenexpress Enzian Formerly Grottenblitz |
Powered Coaster | Europa-Park | Germany | 1984 | Removed | [22] |
Schweizer Bobbahn | Bobsled | Europa-Park | Germany | 1985 | Operating | [23] |
Grottenblitz | Powered Coaster | Heide Park | Germany | 1985 | Operating | [24] |
Odinexpressen | Powered Coaster | Tivoli Gardens | Denmark | 1985 | Removed | [25] |
Little Eagle | Unknown | Broadway Grand Prix Myrtle Beach Pavilion |
United States | Unknown 1986 to 2006 |
Removed | [26] [27] |
Scorpion Express Formerly Runaway Train |
Powered Coaster | Chessington World of Adventures | United Kingdom | 1987 | Closed | [28] |
Gruvbanan Formerly Berg-o-dal-banan |
Powered Coaster | Skara Sommarland | Sweden | 1987 | Operating | [29] |
Reptilian Formerly Avalanche |
Bobsled | Kings Dominion | United States | 1988 | Operating | [30] |
Electro Formerly Capitale Express |
Unknown | Méga Parc | Canada | 1988 | Operating | [31] |
Avalanche | Bobsled | Blackpool Pleasure Beach | United Kingdom | 1988 | Operating | [32] |
Eurosat - CanCan Coaster Formerly Eurosat |
Gravity Coaster | Europa-Park | Germany | 1989 | Operating | [33] |
Blauer Enzian | Powered Coaster | Freizeit-Land Geiselwind | Germany | 1989 | Operating | [34] |
Idän Pikajuna | Powered Coaster | Tykkimäki | Finland | 1989 | Operating | [35] |
Pikajuna Formerly City Express |
Powered Coaster | Linnanmäki | Finland | 1990 | Operating | [36] |
Munich Autobahn | Bobsled | Kobe Portopialand | Japan | 1991 | Removed | [37] |
Rexplorer Formerly Explorer |
Powered Coaster | Mirabilandia | Italy | 1992 | Operating | [38] |
Runaway Mine Train | Powered Coaster | Alton Towers | United Kingdom | 1992 | Operating | [39] |
Gold Mine Train | Powered Coaster | Nigloland | France | 1992 | Operating | [40] |
Spreeblitz Formerly Le Dragon des Sortilèges |
Powered Coaster | Spreepark Mirapolis |
Germany | 1992 | Closed | [41] [42] |
Kansas City-Express Formerly Blauer Enzian |
Powered Coaster | Fränkisches Wunderland Movie Park Germany Tivoli Karolinelund |
Germany | 1993 1987 to 1991 Unknown |
Removed | [43] [44] [45] |
Bobbahn Formerly Schweizer Bobbahn |
Bobsled | Heide Park | Germany | 1994 | Operating | [46] |
Gran Montserrat | Unknown | Parque Espana-Shima Spain Village | Japan | 1994 | Operating | [47] |
Wild Mouse | Wilde Maus | Nagashima Spa Land | Japan | 1996 | Operating | [48] & [49] |
Wild Mouse | Wilde Maus | Magic Land | Egypt | 1996 | Removed | [50] |
Runaway Train | Powered Coaster | Elitch Gardens | United States | 1996 | Removed | [51] |
Euro-Mir | Spinning Coaster | Europa-Park | Germany | 1997 | Operating | [52] |
Dragen | Powered Coaster | Legoland Billund | Denmark | 1997 | Operating | [53] |
Blauer Enzian | Powered Coaster | Toshimaen | Japan | 1997 | Removed | [54] |
Gletscherblitz | Powered Coaster | Steinwasen Park | Germany | 1998 | Operating | [55] |
Journey to Atlantis | Water Coaster | SeaWorld Orlando | United States | 1998 | Operating | [56] |
Speedy Bob | Wilde Maus | Bobbejaanland | Belgium | 1998 | Operating | [57] & [58] |
Taunusblitz | Wilde Maus | Taunus Wunderland | Germany | 1999 | Operating | [59] |
Matterhorn Blitz | Wilde Maus | Europa-Park | Germany | 1999 | Operating | [60] |
The Fly | Wilde Maus | Canada's Wonderland | Canada | 1999 | Operating | [61] |
Wild Mouse | Wilde Maus | Hersheypark | United States | 1999 | Operating | [62] |
Ghost Chasers Formerly Mad Manor Formerly Tom and Jerry's Mouse in the House |
Wilde Maus | Movie Park Germany | Germany | 2000 | Operating | [63] |
Spatiale Expérience | Gravity Coaster | Nigloland | France | 1998 | Operating | [64] |
Water Rollercoaster Poseidon | Water Coaster | Europa-Park | Germany | 2000 | Operating | [65] |
Bob Express | Powered Coaster | Bobbejaanland | Belgium | 2000 | Operating | [66] |
Goofy's Sky School Formerly Mulholland Madness |
Wilde Maus | Disney California Adventure | United States | 2001 | Operating | [67] |
Trace Du Hourra | Bobsled | Parc Astérix | France | 2001 | Operating | [68] |
Technic Coaster | Wilde Maus | Legoland California | United States | 2001 | Operating | [69] |
Das Große LEGO Rennen Formerly Project X - Test Strecke |
Wilde Maus | Legoland Deutschland | Germany | 2002 | Operating | [70] |
Ricochet | Wilde Maus | Carowinds | United States | 2002 | Operating | [71] |
Apple Zapple Formerly Ricochet |
Wilde Maus | Kings Dominion | United States | 2002 | Operating | [72] |
X-treme Racers | Wilde Maus | Legoland Billund | Denmark | 2002 | Operating | [73] |
Scooby-Doo Spooky Coaster | Wilde Maus | Warner Bros. Movie World | Australia | 2002 | Closed | [74] |
SuperSplash | SuperSplash | TusenFryd | Norway | 2003 | Operating | [75] |
Galaxie Express | Powered Coaster | Space Center | Germany | 2003 | Removed | [76] |
Sand Serpent Formerly Cheetah Chase Formerly Wild Maus Formerly Izzy |
Wilde Maus | Busch Gardens Tampa Busch Gardens Williamsburg |
United States | 2004 1996 to 2003 |
Removed | [77] [78] |
Draak | Powered Coaster | Plopsaland | Belgium | 2004 | Operating | [79] |
Tulireki | E-Motion Coaster | Linnanmäki | Finland | 2004 | Operating | [80] |
Journey to Atlantis | Water Coaster | SeaWorld San Diego | United States | 2004 | Operating | [81] |
Atlantica SuperSplash | SuperSplash | Europa-Park | Germany | 2005 | Operating | [82] |
Dynamite Express | Powered Coaster | Drievliet | Netherlands | 2005 | Operating | [83] |
Reaper, Drop ride to doom! | E-Motion Coaster | Amsterdam Dungeon | Netherlands | 2005 | Removed | [84] |
Montanha Russa | Water Coaster | Aquashow Family Park | Portugal | 2006 | Operating | [85] |
Pegasus - The YoungStar Coaster | YoungSTAR Coaster | Europa-Park | Germany | 2006 | Operating | [86] |
Expreso Minero | Powered Coaster | Parque Plaza Sesamo | Mexico | 2006 | Operating | [87] |
Schlitt'Express | Wilde Maus | Nigloland | France | 2007 | Operating | [88] |
Journey to Atlantis | SuperSplash | SeaWorld San Antonio | United States | 2007 | Operating | [89] |
Sierra Sidewinder | Spinning Coaster | Knott's Berry Farm | United States | 2007 | Operating | [90] |
Armada Invencible Formerly Caribbean Splash |
SuperSplash | Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village | Taiwan | 2008 | Operating | [91] |
Götterblitz | YoungSTAR Coaster | Familypark | Austria | 2008 | Operating | [92] |
The Dark Knight | Wilde Maus | Six Flags Great Adventure | United States | 2008 | Operating | [93] |
The Dark Knight | Wilde Maus | Six Flags Great America | United States | 2008 | Operating | [94] |
The Dark Knight | Wilde Maus | Six Flags Mexico Six Flags New England |
Mexico | 2009 2008 |
Operating | [95] [96] |
Eurospeed Formerly Rothaarblitz |
Powered Coaster | Europark Panorama Park |
France | 2009 1982 to 2007 |
Operating | [97] [98] |
blue fire Megacoaster powered by GAZPROM | Launch Coaster | Europa-Park | Germany | 2009 | Operating | [99] |
Vértigo Formerly Speedy Bob |
Wilde Maus | Parque de Atracciones de Madrid Bobbejaanland |
Spain | 2009 1998 to 2008 |
Operating | [100] [57] |
Correcaminos Bip, Bip | YoungSTAR Coaster | Parque Warner Madrid | Spain | 2009 | Operating | [101] |
Young Star Coaster | YoungSTAR Coaster | Chimelong Paradise | China | 2010 | Operating | [102] |
Space Fantasy - The Ride Formerly Kyary Pamyu Pamyu XR Ride |
Spinning Coaster | Universal Studios Japan | Japan | 2010 | Operating | [103] |
Twist | Spinning Coaster | Le Pal | France | 2011 | Operating | [104] |
Wilde Maus Formerly Zig Zag |
Wilde Maus | Freizeit-Land Geiselwind Sommerland Syd Attractiepark Toverland Walygator Parc |
Germany | 2011 2010 2004 2003 |
Removed | [105] [106] [107] [108] |
Skatteøen | Water Coaster | Djurs Sommerland | Denmark | 2011 | Operating | [109] |
Tiger Express Formerly Flying Dutchman Gold Mine |
Wilde Maus | La Mer de Sable Walibi Holland |
France | 2011 2000 to 2010 |
Operating | [110] [111] |
Great Lego Race Formerly Project X Formerly Jungle Coaster |
Wilde Maus | Legoland Florida Legoland Windsor |
United States | 2011 2004 to 2009 |
Operating | [112] [113] |
Vilde Mus | Wilde Maus | Bakken | Denmark | 2012 | Operating | [114] |
Manta | Launch Coaster | SeaWorld San Diego | United States | 2012 | Operating | [115] |
Arctic Blast | Powered Coaster | Ocean Park Hong Kong | Hong Kong | 2012 | Operating | [116] |
Great Lego Race Formerly Project X |
Wilde Maus | Legoland Malaysia | Malaysia | 2012 | Operating | [117] |
Dwervelwind Formerly d'wervelwind |
Spinning Coaster | Attractiepark Toverland | Netherlands | 2012 | Operating | [118] |
Storm | Mega Coaster | Etnaland | Italy | 2013 | Operating | [119] |
Coast Rider | Wilde Maus | Knott's Berry Farm | United States | 2013 | Operating | [120] |
Storm Coaster | Water Coaster | Sea World | Australia | 2013 | Operating | [121] |
Dragon | Launch Coaster | Sochi Park Adventureland | Russia | 2014 | Operating | [122] |
Sharolet | Wilde Maus | Sochi Park Adventureland | Russia | 2014 | Operating | [123] |
Wild Mouse | Wilde Maus | Antibes Land Walygator Parc Expoland |
France | 2014 2008 to 2013 1996 to 2007 |
Operating | [124] [125] [126] |
Walrus Splash | SuperSplash | Chimelong Ocean Kingdom | China | 2014 | Operating | [127] |
Polar Explorer | Water Coaster | Chimelong Ocean Kingdom | China | 2014 | Operating | [128] |
Alpina Blitz | Mega Coaster | Nigloland | France | 2014 | Operating | [129] |
Helix | Launch Coaster | Liseberg | Sweden | 2014 | Operating | [130] |
Battle of Blue Fire | Launch Coaster | Quancheng Euro Park | China | 2014 | Operating | [131] |
ARTHUR | Inverted Powered Coaster | Europa-Park | Germany | 2014 | Operating | [132] |
Velikoluksky Miasokombinat | Launch Coaster | Wonder Island | Russia | 2015 | Operating | [133] |
Turbulence | Spinning Coaster | Adventureland | United States | 2015 | Operating | [134] |
Miniwah | Powered Coaster | Freizeitpark Plohn | Germany | 2015 | Operating | [135] |
Flash Formerly Lightning |
Hyper Coaster | Lewa Adventure | China | 2016 | Operating | [136] |
Lost Gravity | BigDipper | Walibi Holland | Netherlands | 2016 | Operating | [137] |
Flight of the Hippogriff | YoungSTAR Coaster | Universal Studios Hollywood | United States | 2016 | Operating | [138] |
Dragon Express | Spinning Coaster | Oriental Neverland | China | 2016 | Operating | [139] |
Pulsar | PowerSplash | Walibi Belgium | Belgium | 2016 | Operating | [140] |
Cobra's Curse | Spinning Coaster | Busch Gardens Tampa | United States | 2016 | Operating | [141] |
Ba-a-a-Express | Children's Roller Coaster | Europa-Park | Germany | 2016 | Operating | [142] |
Spider-Man: Doc Ock's Revenge | Spinning Coaster | IMG Worlds of Adventure | United Arab Emirates | 2016 | Operating | [143] |
Velociraptor | Launch Coaster | IMG Worlds of Adventure | United Arab Emirates | 2016 | Operating | [144] |
Capitol Bullet Train | Launch Coaster | Motiongate Dubai | United Arab Emirates | 2017 | Operating | [145] |
Dragon Gliders | Inverted Powered Coaster | Motiongate Dubai | United Arab Emirates | 2017 | Operating | [146] |
Star Trek: Operation Enterprise | Launch Coaster | Movie Park Germany | Germany | 2017 | Operating | [147] |
DC Rivals HyperCoaster | Hyper Coaster | Warner Bros. Movie World | Australia | 2017 | Operating | [148] |
Dancing Oscar | Spinning Coaster | Shinhwa Theme Park | South Korea | 2017 | Operating | [149] |
Slinky Dog Dash | Launch Coaster | Disney's Hollywood Studios | United States | 2018 | Operating | [150] |
Icon | Launch Coaster | Blackpool Pleasure Beach | United Kingdom | 2018 | Operating | [151] |
Time Traveler | Xtreme Spinning Coaster | Silver Dollar City | United States | 2018 | Operating | [152] |
Hyper Coaster | Hyper Coaster | Land of Legends Theme Park | Turkey | 2018 | Operating | [153] |
Launch Coaster | Launch Coaster | Colourful Yunnan Happy World | China | 2018 | Operating | [154] |
Tiger Leaping Gorge | SuperSplash | Colourful Yunnan Happy World | China | 2018 | Operating | [155] |
Kraken's Revenge | Water Coaster | Desaru Coast Adventure Waterpark | Malaysia | 2018 | Operating | [156] |
Power Splash | PowerSplash | Happy Valley Shenzhen | China | 2019 | Operating | [157] |
Dynamite | BigDipper | Freizeitpark Plohn | Germany | 2019 | Operating | [158] |
Copperhead Strike | Launch Coaster | Carowinds | United States | 2019 | Operating | [159] |
Steam Racers | Launch Coaster | Wuxi Sunac Land | China | 2019 | Operating | [160] |
Gods of Egypt - Battle for Eternity | Powered Coaster | Lionsgate Entertainment World | China | 2019 | Operating | [161] |
Mælkevejen | Powered Coaster | Tivoli Gardens | Denmark | 2019 | Operating | [162] |
Max & Moritz | Powered Coaster | Efteling | Netherlands | 2020 | Operating | [163] |
DUPLO Dino Coaster | Children's Roller Coaster | Legoland Windsor Resort | United Kingdom | 2020 | Operating | [164] |
Storm Chaser | Spinning Coaster | Paultons Park | United Kingdom | 2021 | Operating | [165] |
Twin Spin | Spinning Coaster | Enchanted Kingdom | Philippines | 2021 | Operating | [166] |
Krampus Expédition | Water Coaster | Nigloland | France | 2021 | Operating | [167] |
The Ride to Happiness | Xtreme Spinning Coaster | Plopsaland | Belgium | 2021 | Operating | [168] |
Blu Power | PowerSplash | Tetysblu Theme Park | Kazakhstan | 2021 | Operating | [169] |
Rockin' Blu | Spinning Coaster | Tetysblu Theme Park | Kazakhstan | 2021 | Operating | [170] |
Flight of the Hippogriff | YoungSTAR Coaster | Universal Studios Beijing | China | 2021 | Operating | [171] |
Jurassic Flyers | Inverted Powered Coaster | Universal Studios Beijing | China | 2021 | Operating | [172] |
Steel Taipan | Launch Coaster | Dreamworld | Australia | 2021 | Operating | [173] |
Blue Fire | Launch Coaster | Xuzhou Paradise | China | 2021 | Operating | [174] |
Giant Digger | Launch Coaster | Lotte's Magic Forest | South Korea | 2022 | Operating | [175] |
Giant Splash | PowerSplash | Lotte's Magic Forest | South Korea | 2022 | Operating | [176] |
T-Rex Family Coaster | Powered Coaster | Djurs Sommerland | Denmark | 2022 | Operating | [177] |
Carrara | Powered Coaster | Mandoria | Poland | 2022 | Operating | [178] |
Beyond the Cloud | Launch Coaster | Suzhou Amusement Land Forest World | China | 2022 | Operating | [179] |
Aquaman: Power Wave | PowerSplash | Six Flags Over Texas | United States | 2023 | Operating | [180] |
Unknown | Water Coaster | Happy Valley Xi'an | China | 2023 | Under construction | [181] |
Unknown | BigDipper | Sun World Bà Nà Hills | Vietnam | 2023 | Under construction | [182] |
Hyperia | Hyper Coaster | Thorpe Park Resort | United Kingdom | 2024 | Under construction | [183] |
Voltron | Stryker Coaster | Europa-Park | Germany | 2024 | Under construction | [184] |
Unknown | Water Coaster | Le Pal | France | 2024 | Under construction | [185] |
Unknown | Racing Launch Coaster | Universal's Epic Universe | United States | 2025 | Under construction | [186] |
Unknown | Unknown | Universal's Epic Universe | United States | 2025 | Under construction | |
Unknown | Stryker Coaster | Fantasiana | Austria | 2025 | Under construction | [187] |
Unknown | PowerSplash | Sunac Cultural Tourism City | China | TBD | Under construction | [188] |
Unknown | Hyper Coaster | Sunac Cultural Tourism City | China | TBD | Under construction | [189] |
Unknown | PowerSplash | Bollywood Parks Dubai | UAE | Unknown | In storage | [190] |
Unknown | Hyper Coaster | Bollywood Parks Dubai | UAE | Unknown | In storage | [191] |
List of other attractions
Name | Model | Park | Country | Opened | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whale Adventures – Northern Lights | Interactive Boat Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 2010 | Operating | |
Tiroler Log Flume | Log Flume | Europa-Park | Germany | 1978 | Operating | |
Pirate Adventure | Free-Flow Boat Ride | Drayton Manor Theme Park | United Kingdom | 1990 | Closed | |
Atlantis Submarine Voyage | Submarine Dark Ride | Legoland Windsor | United Kingdom | 2011 | Operating | |
Around the World in 80 Days | Dark Ride | Alton Towers | United Kingdom | 1981 | Removed | |
Battle Galleons | Interactive Boat Ride | Alton Towers | United Kingdom | 2008 | Operating | |
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: The Ride | Dark Ride | Alton Towers | United Kingdom | 2006 | Removed | |
Duel - The Haunted House Strikes Back! | Dark Ride | Alton Towers | United Kingdom | 2003 | Removed | |
Marauder's Mayhem | Tea Cups | Alton Towers | United Kingdom | 1986 | Operating | |
In the Night Garden Magical Boat Ride | Free-Flow Boat Ride | Alton Towers | United Kingdom | 2014 | Operating | |
The Flume | Log Flume | Alton Towers | United Kingdom | 1981 | Removed | |
Battle Boats | Interactive Boat Ride | Sea World | Australia | 2010 | Operating | [192] |
Loggers Leap | Log Flume | Thorpe Park | United Kingdom | 1989 | Removed | |
Rocky Express | Sea Storm Ride | Thorpe Park | United Kingdom | 1989 | Closed | |
River Battle | Interactive Boat Ride | Dollywood | United States | 2008 | Removed | [193] |
Tiger Rock | Log Flume | Chessington World of Adventures | United Kingdom | 1987 | Operating | [194] |
Safari Skyway | Monorail | Chessington World of Adventures | United Kingdom | 1986 | Removed | |
Seastorm | Sea Storm Ride | Chessington World of Adventures | United Kingdom | 1995 | Operating | |
Sea Dragons | Spinning Boat Ride | Chessington World of Adventures | United Kingdom | 2004 | Operating | |
Tomb Blaster | Interactive Dark Ride | Chessington World of Adventures | United Kingdom | 2002 | Operating | |
Dudley Do-Right's Ripsaw Falls | Log Flume | Universal's Islands of Adventure | United States | 1999 | Operating | [195] |
Storm Force Accelatron | Tea Cups | Universal's Islands of Adventure | United States | 2000 | Operating | [196] |
Cannonball Express | Musik Express | Great Escape | United States | 1974 | Operating | |
Musik Express | Superbob/Musik Express | Lagoon | United States | 1982 | Operating | |
Aqua Twist | Twist 'n' Splash | La Ronde | Canada | 2013 | Operating | [197] |
Flash: Speed Force | Music Express | Six Flags Magic Mountain | United States | 2014 | Operating | |
The Penguin | Twist 'n' Splash | Six Flags Discovery Kingdom | United States | 2014 | Operating | |
Tsunami Soaker | Twist 'n' Splash | Six Flags St. Louis | United States | 2014 | Operating | |
Buccaneer Battle | Interactive Boat Ride | Six Flags Great America | United States | 2009 | Operating | |
Expreso Musical | Music Express | Six Flags México | Mexico | Unknown | Operating | |
Carnaval Festival | Dark Ride | Efteling | Netherlands | 1984 | Operating | |
Monsieur Cannibale | Tea Cups | Efteling | Netherlands | 1988 | Operating | |
Expedition Nautilus | Twist 'n' Splash | Attractiepark Slagharen | Netherlands | 2013 | Operating | |
Wild West Adventure | Free-Flow Boat Ride | Attractiepark Slagharen | Netherlands | 2001 | Operating | |
Wild Waterval | Log Flume | Avonturenpark Hellendoorn | Netherlands | 1982 | Operating | |
Backstroke | Log Flume | Attractiepark Toverland | Netherlands | 2004 | Operating | |
Crazy River | Log Flume | Walibi Holland | Netherlands | 1994 | Operating | |
Rimbula River | Free-Flow Boat Ride | Wildlands Adventure Zoo Emmen | Netherlands | 2016 | Operating | |
Koffietassen | Tea Cups | Bellewaerde | Belgium | 1989 | Operating | |
De Boomstammetjes | Log Flume | Plopsaland | Belgium | 1989 | Operating | |
Koffiekopjes | Tea Cups | Plopsaland | Belgium | 2003 | Operating | |
Kaatje zoekt Eendje | Tow Boat Ride | Plopsaland | Belgium | 2001 | Operating | |
Storm op Zee | Sea Storm Ride | Plopsaland | Belgium | 2001 | Operating | |
De Tractors | Unknown | Plopsaland | Belgium | 2002 | Operating | |
Wickie The Battle | Interactive Boat Ride | Plopsaland | Belgium | 2013 | Operating | |
Flash Back | Log Flume | Walibi Belgium | Belgium | 1995 | Operating | |
Angkor | Interactive Boat Ride | PortAventura Park | Spain | 2014 | Operating | |
Alligator Baie | Interactive Boat Ride | Le Pal | France | 2014 | Operating | |
The Quest for Chi | Interactive Boat Ride | Legoland Florida | United States | Unknown | Operating | |
Käpt'n Nicks Piratenschlacht | Interactive Boat Ride | Legoland Deutschland | Germany | 2007 | Operating | |
Pirate Splash Battle | Interactive Boat Ride | Legoland Billund | Denmark | Unknown | Operating | |
Tom & Huck's River Blast | Interactive Boat Ride | Silver Dollar City | United States | 2010 | Operating | |
ToPiLauLa-Schlacht | Interactive Boat Ride | Heide Park | Germany | 2010 | Operating | |
The Pirate Revenge | Twist 'n' Splash | Fantasilandia | Chile | 2014 | Operating | |
SpongeBob's Splash Bash | Twist 'n' Splash | Blackpool Pleasure Beach | United Kingdom | 2011 | Operating | |
Battle of the Pirates | Twist 'n' Splash | Chimelong Ocean Kingdom | China | Unknown | Operating | |
Pirates Attack | Interactive Boat Ride | Fraispertuis City | France | 2011 | Operating | |
Wasserschlacht im Reich des T-Rex | Interactive Boat Ride | Rasti-Land | Germany | 2007 | Operating | |
Storm in a Teacup | Tea Cups | Thorpe Park | United Kingdom | 1986 | Operating | |
Alton Towers Dungeon | Dark Ride | Alton Towers | United Kingdom | 2019 | Operating | |
Grampy Rabbit's Sailing Club | Spinning Boat Ride | Paultons Park | United Kingdom | 2018 | Operating | |
Snoopy's Junction | Train Ride | Kings Island | United States | 1982 | Operating | |
Abenteuer Atlantis | Interactive Dark Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 2007 | Operating | |
Geisterschloss | Dark Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 1982 | Operating | |
Madame Freudenreichs Curiosités | Dark Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 1994 | Operating | |
Piccolo Mondo | Dark Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 1982 | Operating | |
Schlittenfahrt Schneeflöckchen | Dark Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 1998 | Operating | |
Der fliegende Holländer | Spinning Boat Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 1982 | Operating | |
Feria Swing | Matterhorn | Europa-Park | Germany | 1994 | Operating | |
Jungfrau-Gletscherflieger | Polyp | Europa-Park | Germany | 1989 | Operating | |
Koffiekopjes | Tea Cups | Europa-Park | Germany | 1985 | Operating | |
Roter Baron | Spinning Plane Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 1980 | Operating | |
Sheep Rock | Spinning Boat Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 2016 | Operating | |
Spinning Dragons | Spinning Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 2016 | Operating | |
Jim Knopf - Reise durch Lummerland | Tracked Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 1977 | Operating | |
Lada-Autodrom | Tracked Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 1987 | Operating | |
Silverstone-Piste | Tracked Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 1975 | Operating | |
Wichtelhausen | Tracked Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 1975 | Operating | |
Jolly Buccaneer | Spinning Boat Ride | Drayton Manor Theme Park | United Kingdom | 1992 | Operating | |
Elfenfahrt | Free-Flow Boat Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 1979 | Operating | |
Euro-Tower | Observation Tower | Europa-Park | Germany | 1983 | Operating | |
Phantom Fantasia | Dark Ride | Thorpe Park | United Kingdom | 1983 | Removed | |
The Backyardians' Pirate Treasure | Spinning Boat Ride | Blackpool Pleasure Beach | United Kingdom | 1999 | Operating | |
Marionetten-Bootsfahrt | Free-Flow Boat Ride | Europa-Park | Germany | 1992 | Operating | |
Tales Of The Coast | Free-Flow Boat Ride | Pleasurewood Hills | United Kingdom | 1983 | Removed | |
Fisketuren | Spinning Boat Ride | Liseberg | Sweden | 1988 | Operating | |
Kaffekoppen | Tea Cups | Liseberg | Sweden | 1985 | Operating | |
Kaninresan | Free-Flow Boat Ride | Liseberg | Sweden | 2001 | Operating | |
Den Flyvende Kuffert | Dark Ride | Tivoli Gardens | Denmark | 1993 | Operating | |
Minen | Free-Flow Boat Ride | Tivoli Gardens | Denmark | 2003 | Operating | |
Tekopparna | Tea Cups | Gröna Lund | Sweden | 2008 | Operating | |
Kahvikuppikaruselli | Tea Cups | Linnanmäki | Finland | 2002 | Operating | |
Floßfahrt | Tow Boat Ride | Heide Park | Germany | 1978 | Operating | |
Käpt'ns Törn | Free-Flow Boat Ride | Heide Park | Germany | 1997 | Operating | |
Wildwasserbahn | Log Flume | Heide Park | Germany | 1980 | Operating | |
Oldtimer | Tracked Ride | Heide Park | Germany | 1978 | Operating | |
Koggenfahrt | Spinning Boat Ride | Heide Park | Germany | 1982 | Removed | |
Sea Storm | SeaStorm | Fantasy Island | United Kingdom | 2017 | Operating |
References
- ^ "Mack Rides GmbH & Co KG". Mack Rides. October 11, 2004. Archived from the original on January 23, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
- ^ a b "Europa-Park Special". Rust, Germany: Mack International. 2012: 36.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ MacDonald, Brady (24 January 2012). "Wing-dipping Manta coaster coming to SeaWorld San Diego in May". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
- ^ Mack Rides - rcdb.com
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Run A Way Mine Train (Gold Reef City)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Turmbahn (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Meteor (Sportland Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Meteor (Freedom Land USA)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Meteor (Sportland Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Apache Whirlwind (Frontier Village Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Wizard's Cavern (Casino Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Love Bugs (Canadian National Exhibition)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Love Bugs (Palisades Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Broadway Trip (Palisades Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Broadway Trip (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Broadway Trip (Fun Forest Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Tokaido (Ankara Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Thunder Run (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Flying Fish (Thorpe Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Flying Fish (Thorpe Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpenexpress Enzian (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Schweizer Bobbahn (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Grottenblitz (Heide Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Odinexpressen (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Little Eagle (Broadway Grand Prix)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Little Eagle (Myrtle Beach Pavilion)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Scorpion Express (Chessington World of Adventures)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Gruvbanan (Skara Sommarland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Avalanche (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Electro (Méga Parc)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Avalanche (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Eurosat - CanCan Coaster (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian (Freizeit-Land Geiselwind)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Idän Pikajuna (Tykkimäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Pikajuna (Linnanmäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Munich Autobahn (Kobe Portopialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Rexplorer (Mirabilandia)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Runaway Mine Train (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Gold Mine Train (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Spreeblitz (Spreepark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Le Dragon des Sortilèges (Mirapolis)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Kansas City-Express (Fränkisches Wunderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian (Tivoli Karolinelund)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Bobbahn (Heide Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Gran Montserrat (Parque Espana-Shima Spain Village)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse (Magic Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Runaway Train (Elitch Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Euro-Mir (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Dragen (Legoland Billund)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Blauer Enzian (Toshimaen)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Gletscherblitz (Steinwasen Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Journey To Atlantis (SeaWorld Orlando)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ a b Marden, Duane. "Speedy Bob (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Speedy Bob (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Taunusblitz (Taunus Wunderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Matterhorn Blitz (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Fly (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse (Hersheypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Ghost Chasers (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Spatiale Expérience (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Poseidon (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Bob Express (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Goofy's Sky School (Disney California Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Trace Du Hourra (Parc Astérix)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Technic Coaster (Legoland California)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Das Große LEGO Rennen (Legoland Deutschland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Ricochet (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Apple Zapple (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "X-treme Racers (Legoland Billund)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Scooby-Doo Spooky Coaster (Warner Bros. Movie World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "SuperSplash (TusenFryd)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Galaxie Express (Space Center)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Sand Serpent (Busch Gardens Tampa)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Maus (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Draak (Plopsaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Tulireki (Linnanmäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Journey To Atlantis (SeaWorld San Diego)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Atlantica SuperSplash (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Dynamite Express (Drievliet)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Reaper, Drop ride to doom! (Amsterdam Dungeon)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Montanha Russa (Aquashow Family Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Pegasus (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Expreso Minero (Parque Plaza Sesamo)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Schlitt'Express (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Journey to Atlantis (SeaWorld San Antonio)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Sierra Sidewinder (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Armada Invencible (Formosan Aboriginal Culture)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Götterblitz (Familypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight (Six Flags México)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "The Dark Knight (Six Flags New England)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Eurospeed (Europark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Rothaarblitz (Panorama Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Blue Fire (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Vértigo (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Correcaminos Bip, Bip (Parque Warner Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Young Star Coaster (Chimelong Paradise)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Space Fantasy The Ride (Universal Studios Japan)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Twist (Le Pal)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Wilde Maus (Freizeit-Land Geiselwind)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Wilde Maus (Sommerland Syd)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Wilde Maus (Toverland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Zig Zag (Walygator Parc)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Skatteøen (Djurs Sommerland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Tiger Express (Mer de Sable)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Flying Dutchman Gold Mine (Walibi Holland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Great Lego Race (Legoland Florida)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Jungle Coaster (Legoland Windsor)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Vilde Mus (Bakken)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Manta (SeaWorld San Diego)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Arctic Blast (Ocean Park Hong Kong)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Great Lego Race (Legoland Malaysia)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Dwervelwind (Toverland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Storm (Etnaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Coast Rider (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Storm Coaster (Sea World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Dragon (Sochi Park Adventureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Sharolet (Sochi Park Adventureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse (Antibes Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Walygator Parc)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Mouse (Expoland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Walrus Splash (Chimelong Ocean Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Polar Explorer (Chimelong Ocean Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpina Blitz (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Helix (Lsieberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Battle of Blue Fire (Quancheng Euro Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "ARTHUR (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Velikoluksky Miasokombinat (Wonder Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Turbulence (Adventureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Miniwah (Freizeitpark Plohn)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Flash (Lewa Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Lost Gravity (Walibi Holland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Flight of the Hippogriff (Universal Studios Hollywood)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Dragon Express (Oriental Neverland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Pulsar (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Cobra's Curse (Busch Gardens Tampa)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Ba-a-a-Express (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Spider-Man Doc Ock's Revenge (IMG Worlds of Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Velociraptor (IMG Worlds of Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Capitol Bullet Train (Motiongate)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Dragon Gliders (Motiongate)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Star Trek: Operation Enterprise (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "DC Rivals HyperCoaster (Warner Bros. Movie World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Dancing Oscar (Shinhwa Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Slinky Dog (Disney's Hollywood Studios)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Icon (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Time Traveler (Silver Dollar City)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Land of Legends Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Launch Coaster (Colourful Yunnan Happy World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Tiger Leaping Gorge (Colourful Yunnan Happy World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Kraken's Revenge (Desaru Coast Adventure Waterpark)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Power Splash (Happy Valley Shenzhen)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Dynamite (Freizeitpark Plohn)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Steam Racers (Wuxi Sunac Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Gods of Egypt - Battle for Eternity (Lionsgate Entertainment World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Mælkevejen (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Max & Moritz (Efteling)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "DUPLO Dino Coaster (Legoland Windsor)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Storm Chaser (Paultons Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Twin Spin (Enchanted Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Krampus Expédition (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Plopsaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Blu Power (Tetysblu Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Rockin' Blu (Tetysblu Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Flight of the Hippogriff (Universal Studios Beijing)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Jurassic Flyers (Universal Studios Beijing)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Steel Taipan (Dreamworld)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Blue Fire (Xuzhou Paradise)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Giant Digger (Lotte World Adventure Busan - Magic Forest)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Giant Splash (Lotte World Adventure Busan - Magic Forest)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "T-Rex Family Coaster (Djurs Sommerland)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Carrara (Mandoria)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Beyond the Cloud (Suzhou Amusement Land Forest World)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Aquaman Power Wave (Six Flags Over Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Happy Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Sun World Bà Nà Hills)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Project Exodus (Thorpe Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Europa-Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Le Pal)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Universal Studios Epic Universe)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Fantasiana)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "unknown (Sunac Cultural Tourism City)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "unknown (Sunac Cultural Tourism City)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "unknown (Bollywood Parks Dubai)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ Marden, Duane. "unknown (Bollywood Parks Dubai)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
- ^ "Battle Sails (Sea World)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
- ^ "Let Battle commence!". Park World Online. 23 September 2008. Archived from the original on 5 January 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
- ^ "Dragon Falls (Chessington World Of Adventures)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
- ^ "Dudley Do-Right's Ripsaw Falls (Islands of Adventure)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
- ^ "Storm Force Accelatron (Islands of Adventure)". Parkz. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
- ^ Seifert, Jeffrey (2013). "2013 North American Park Preview" (PDF). Amusement Today. 17 (2): 6–7. Retrieved 14 August 2013.[permanent dead link]