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Anton Schwarzkopf

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Anton Schwarzkopf
Born(1924-07-08)July 8, 1924[1]
DiedJuly 30, 2001(2001-07-30) (aged 77)[1]
NationalityGerman
Occupation(s)President, Schwarzkopf Industries GmbH
Years active1954–1995
Known forDesigning roller coasters
Notable workRevolution, Shockwave, The Mindbender, Olympia Looping, Whizzer, Shuttle Loop

Anton Schwarzkopf (8 July 1924 – 30 July 2001) was a German engineer of amusement rides, and founder of the Schwarzkopf Industries Company, which built numerous amusement rides and large roller coasters for both amusement parks and traveling funfairs.

Early years

Anton Schwarzkopf was introduced into the industry with his father's involvement with the design of specialized trailers used to transport circus equipment. Around 1954, the company transitioned into creating amusement rides.

Career

In 1957, Anton Schwarzkopf built his first attraction, the Düsenspirale, a roller coaster that traveled around Germany with funfair showman Löffelhardt. In 1960, he took over his father's company, leading to the creation of his first full scale steel roller coaster, The Wildcat, in 1964. In 1970, the first Jet Star II was built for German showman Rick. This ride was the first of many built by the company to feature an electric spiral lift hill. But 1976, Schwarzkopf, along with ride engineer Werner Stengel, created one of their most ground breaking attractions, the famous Revolution roller coaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain in California, the first steel roller coaster ever fitted with a vertical loop. This led to the looping roller coaster becoming one of Schwarzkopf's signature attractions, with a few notable examples following soon after: King Kobra at Kings Dominion in Virginia in 1977, both the world's first Shuttle Loop and launched roller coaster, Shockwave at Six Flags Over Texas in 1978, Schwarzkopf's first double loop roller coaster, and the Looping Star in Germany, the first traveling looping roller coaster, which also opened in 1978.

Shockwave, Schwarzkopf's first double loop roller coaster.

Schwarzkopf Industries grew rapidly with the vast support of various customers praising the company's creations. Throughout the 1970s and notably the 80s, the company became quite a popular name at carnivals, particularly those in Western Europe, producing a number of extremely large transportable rides during this time, including Alpina Bahn in 1983, Dreier Looping (Roughly "Triple Loop" in English) in 1984, Thriller in 1986, and Olympia Looping (Designed by Schwarzkopf but built by BHS) in 1989, all of which premiered in Germany. Outside of Germany, the company was represented by the Intamin firm, and as a result, many older rides credited to Intamin were actually designed and created by Schwarzkopf. Unfortunately, Anton Schwarzkopf's prowess as a businessman was relatively lacking, and his company suffered through several bankruptcies, resulting in the scrapping of many designs and deals with parks. Thriller was the last ride to built by the company before it shut in the mid-late 80's, with portions of the ride being completed by BHS, who, along with Zierer, constructed a few Schwarzkopf designs in the late 80's, including the Bavarian Mountain Railroad roller coasters and the before mentioned Olympia Looping.

Although Schwarzkopf is most famous for roller coasters, the company also produced a number of popular flat rides, including the Bayern Kurve, the Enterprise, and the Monster.

Anton Schwarzkopf retired from the industry in 1995, and died on 30 July 2001, after suffering from Parkinson's disease for many years.

Legacy

There are a number of notable people from the amusement industry who have either worked with or have relations to Anton Schwarzkopf. His brother, Franz Schwarzkopf, was also a ride designer at around the same time as Anton, and designed many staples of the both amusement parks and carnivals alike, such as the Wave Swinger. Anton's son Wieland Schwarzkopf became involved with the industry as well, starting out at Schwarzkopf and later starting his own business in 1984. Wieland's company mostly provided parts and services for his father's rides, but had a few of its own attractions, such as the Sound Factory, a short-lived version of the popular Monster ride with looping cars. Werner Stengel got his start with the Schwarzkopf company and later went on to become one of the most prestigious designers of roller coasters and amusement rides. He was still heavily involved with most of Schwarzkopf's attractions. Hubert Gerstlauer, founder and namesake of Gerstlauer Amuesment Rides GmbH, was an employee of Schwarzkopf before starting his own company in 1982. Gerstlauer's manufacturing is still done at the former Schwarzkopf facility in Münsterhausen, Bavaria.

Despite their age and shrinking numbers, Schwarzkopf rides are still very popular with both guests and operators alike. Many Schwarzkopf attractions have become icons of the parks they are located at, such as Revolution at Six Flags Magic Mountain and Whizzer at Six Flags Great America, both of which have received the American Coaster Enthusiasts "Coaster Landmark" award. Roller coaster enthusiasts often praise Schwarzkopf roller coasters for their smoothness, notable intensity (often thanks to the more circular loop design, which, at certain points, can often exert well over 5, if not sometimes 6, Gs of force on the rider), and overall beauty.

List of roller coasters


As of 2019, Schwarzkopf has built 149 roller coasters around the world.[2]

Name Model Park Country Opened Status Ref
JetStar Jet Star Parque de la Ciudad Argentina Argentina Unknown Removed [3]
Katapulta Katapult Selva Mágica Mexico Mexico Unknown Removed [4]
Super 8 Wildcat 54m Fyns Tivoli Denmark Denmark Unknown Removed [5]
Rollercoaster
Formerly Traumlandbahn
Formerly Münchner Bahn
Münchner Bahn Future World
Movie Park Germany
Beekse Bergen
Thailand Thailand Unknown
1987 to 1991
Removed [6]
[7]
[8]
Jet-Star II Jet Star 2 Wiener Prater Austria Austria Unknown Removed [9]
Jumbo Jet Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet Six Flags Great Adventure
Canadian National Exhibition
United States United States Unknown Removed [10]
[11]
Big Bend Speed Racer / Extended Jumbo Jet Six Flags St. Louis
Six Flags Over Texas
United States United States Unknown
1971 to 1979
Removed [12]
[13]
Greased Lightnin'
Formerly Tidal Wave
Shuttle Loop Six Flags Discovery Kingdom
California's Great America
United States United States Unknown
1977 to 2002
Removed [14]
[15]
Runaway Train Alpenblitz II Ocean Beach Amusement Park United Kingdom United Kingdom Unknown Removed [16]
Alpenblitz Alpenblitz II Gorky Park Russia Russia Unknown Removed [17]
City Jet City Jet / Jet 400 Shaheen's Fun-O-Rama Park United States United States Unknown Removed [18]
Jet Star Jet Star Serengeti Park Germany Germany Unknown Removed [19]
City Jet City Jet / Jet 400 All Star Adventures
Gillian's Wonderland Pier
Steel Pier
United States United States Unknown
1976 to 2004
Unknown
Removed [20]
[21]
[22]
Unknown
Formerly Tornado
Jet Star 2 Beto Carrero World
Playcenter São Paulo
Brazil Brazil Unknown
1982
Removed [23]
[24]
Düsenspirale Unknown Wiener Prater Austria Austria 1964 Removed [25]
Super 8 Wildcat 65m Liseberg Sweden Sweden 1966 Removed [26]
WildCat Wildcat 65m Six Flags New England United States United States 1968 Removed [27]
Skovtrolden Unknown Tivoli Gardens Denmark Denmark 1969 Removed [28]
Jet Star Jet Star Palisades Amusement Park United States United States 1969 Removed [29]
7 Picos Wildcat 54m Parque de Atracciones de Madrid Spain Spain 1969 Removed [30]
Jet Star Jet Star Casino Pier United States United States 1970 Removed [31]
Jet Star City Jet / Jet 400 Drievliet Netherlands Netherlands 1970 Removed [32]
Jet Star Jet Star Parque de Atracciones de Madrid Spain Spain 1970 Removed [33]
Wild Cat Wildcat 45m Luna Park Australia Australia 1970 Removed [34]
Achterbahn Wildcat 65m Spreepark Germany Germany 1970 Removed [35]
Jet Star Jet Star Great Adventure Amusement Park United States United States 1971 Removed [36]
Super 8 Wildcat 65m Kölner Tivoli Germany Germany 1971 Removed [37]
Wildcat Wildcat 54m Fantasy Island United States United States 1972 Removed [38]
Super Big Gulp Jet Star 2 Playland Canada Canada 1972 Removed [39]
Jumbo Jet Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet Great Adventure Amusement Park United States United States 1973 Removed [40]
Schussboomer Wildcat 54m Worlds of Fun United States United States 1973 Removed [41]
Gebirgsbahn
Formerly Bob 1
Formerly Bobbahn 1
Unknown Phantasialand Germany Germany 1975 Removed [42]
City Jet City Jet / Jet 400 Morey's Piers United States United States 1975 Removed [43]
Jet 400 City Jet / Jet 400 Jolly Roger at the Pier United States United States 1975 Removed [44]
Whizzer
Formerly Willard's Whizzer
Speed Racer / Extended Jumbo Jet Six Flags Great America United States United States 1976 Operating [45]
Whizzer
Formerly Willard's Whizzer
Speed Racer / Extended Jumbo Jet California's Great America United States United States 1976 Removed [46]
Jet Star 2 Jet Star 2 Lagoon
Riverfront Park
United States United States 1976
1974
Operating [47]
[48]
Achtbaan Wildcat 45m Bobbejaanland Belgium Belgium 1976 Removed [49]
Alpen Blitz Alpenblitz II Six Flags Great Adventure United States United States 1976 Removed [50]
Jumbo Jet Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet Morey's Piers United States United States 1976 Removed [51]
New Revolution
Formerly Revolution
Formerly La Revolución
Formerly Great American Revolution
Unknown Six Flags Magic Mountain United States United States 1976 Operating [52]
Jet Set Jet Star Funtown Pier United States United States 1977 Removed [53]
SooperDooperLooper Looping Speedracer Hersheypark United States United States 1977 Operating [54]
Grand Canyon Bahn Alpenblitz II Phantasialand Germany Germany 1978 Removed [55]
Screamin' Demon Wildcat 54m Poconos' Magic Valley and Winona Five Falls United States United States 1978 Removed [56]
Wild Rider Wildcat 54m Six Flags Great Adventure United States United States 1978 Removed [57]
Mind Bender Unknown Six Flags Over Georgia United States United States 1978 Operating [58]
Shock Wave Unknown Six Flags Over Texas United States United States 1978 Operating [59]
Montezooma's Revenge Shuttle Loop Knott's Berry Farm United States United States 1978 Operating [60]
City Jet City Jet / Jet 400 Kid's World United States United States 1978 Removed [61]
Wildcat Wildcat 65m Cedar Point United States United States 1979 Removed [62]
Looping Star Looping Star Bobbejaanland Belgium Belgium 1979 Removed [63]
Alpenblitz Alpenblitz II Bobbejaanland Belgium Belgium 1979 Removed [64]
Shuttle Loop Shuttle Loop Yokohama Dreamland Japan Japan 1979 Removed [65]
Achterbahn Wildcat 45m Spreepark Germany Germany 1979 Removed [66]
Jumbo Jet Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet Coney Island
Steeplechase Park
United States United States 1980
1972 to 1979
Removed [67]
[68]
Jet Star Jet Star Särkänniemi Amusement Park Finland Finland 1980 Removed [69]
Shuttle Loop Shuttle Loop Nagashima Spa Land Japan Japan 1980 Operating [70]
Katapult Katapult Morey's Piers United States United States 1980 Removed [71]
Nessie Looping Racer Hansa Park Germany Germany 1980 Operating [72]
Scorpion Silverarrow Busch Gardens Tampa United States United States 1980 Operating [73]
Jumbo Jet
Formerly Radar
Wildcat 54m Ölands Djur & Nöjespark
Gröna Lund
Sweden Sweden 1981
1965 to 1981
Removed [74]
[75]
Oasis Express Unknown Kuwait Entertainment City Kuwait Kuwait 1981 Closed [76]
Double Loop Unknown Kobe Portopialand Japan Japan 1981 Removed [77]
Psyké Underground
Formerly Turbine
Formerly Sirocco
Shuttle Loop Walibi Belgium Belgium Belgium 1982 Operating [78]
Looping Star Looping Star Nagashima Spa Land Japan Japan 1982 Operating [79]
Jet Star II Jet Star 2 Gröna Lund Sweden Sweden 1982 Removed [80]
Zyklon City Jet / Jet 400 Gardaland Italy Italy 1982 Removed [81]
Wild Cat Wildcat 54m Parque de la Ciudad Argentina Argentina 1982 Removed [82]
Aconcagua Unknown Parque de la Ciudad Argentina Argentina 1983 Removed [83]
Alpen Blitz Alpenblitz II Parque de la Ciudad Argentina Argentina 1983 Removed [84]
Colossus the Fire Dragon Double Looping Lagoon United States United States 1983 Operating [85]
Tig'rr Coaster
Formerly Jet Star
Jet Star Indiana Beach
Holiday Beach
United States United States 1984
1976 to 1983
Operating [86]
[87]
Wild Cat Wildcat 65m Keansburg Amusement Park United States United States 1984 Removed [88]
Jet Star Unknown Atlas Park United Kingdom United Kingdom 1984 Removed [89]
Mindbender Unknown Galaxyland Amusement Park Canada Canada 1985 Operating [90]
Wildcat Wildcat 65m Washington State Fair United States United States 1985 Operating [91]
Silver Bullet
Formerly Looping Star
Looping Star Frontier City
Jolly Roger Amusement Park
State Fair of Texas
United States United States 1986
1984 to 1985
1980 to 1983
Operating [92]
[93]
[94]
Alpenblitz Alpenblitz II Movie Park Germany Germany Germany 1986 Removed [95]
Black Hole Jet Star Avonturenpark Hellendoorn Netherlands Netherlands 1986 Removed [96]
Raptor Attack
Formerly Rat Ride
Wildcat 45m Lightwater Valley United Kingdom United Kingdom 1987 Operating [97]
Lisebergbanan Unknown Liseberg Sweden Sweden 1987 Operating [98]
Jetline
Formerly Berg- och Dalbanan
Unknown Gröna Lund Sweden Sweden 1988 Operating [99]
Viper
Formerly Jet Scream
Looping Star Six Flags AstroWorld
Six Flags St. Louis
United States United States 1989
1981 to 1988
Removed [100]
[101]
Golden Loop
Formerly White Lightnin'
Shuttle Loop Gold Reef City
Carowinds
South Africa South Africa 1989
1977 to 1988
Operating [102]
[103]
Alpen Blitz Alpenblitz II Playcenter São Paulo Brazil Brazil 1989 Removed [104]
Shuttle Loop Shuttle Loop Oyama Yuenchi Japan Japan 1990 Removed [105]
Turbo Mountain
Formerly Geronimo
Jet Star 2 Adventure World
Luna Park
Australia Australia 1991
1982 to 1988
Removed [106]
[107]
Speed Bobsleigh
Formerly Jet Star II
Jet Star 2 Nasu Highland Park
Hanshin Park
Japan Japan 1992
1977 to 1979
Removed [108]
[109]
Katapult Katapult Linnanmäki Finland Finland 1992 Removed [110]
Lasso Loop
Formerly Katapult
Katapult OK Corral
Parque de Atracciones de Madrid
Splash Zone Water Park
France France 1993
1990 to 1993
1985 to 1989
Removed [111]
[112]
[113]
Montaña Rusa
Formerly Wildcat
Formerly Mountain Express
Wildcat 65m Bosque Mágico
Magic Landing
Six Flags Magic Mountain
Mexico Mexico 1993
1984 to 1990
1973 to 1982
Removed [114]
[115]
[116]
Cascabel 2.0
Formerly Cascabel
Formerly Laser Loop
Shuttle Loop La Feria Chapultepec Magico
Kennywood
Mexico Mexico 1994
1980 to 1990
Closed [117]
[118]
Coleoz'Arbres
Formerly Jet Star
Jet Star Bagatelle France France 1994 Removed [119]
Montanha Russa Wildcat 54m Mirabilandia Brazil Brazil 1994 Removed [120]
Cannonball Express
Formerly Enigma
Formerly Super Figure Eight
Formerly Jumbo 5
Jumbo V Pleasurewood Hills
Funland Park
Meli Park
United Kingdom United Kingdom 1995
late 80s to 1995
1984 to late 80s
Operating [121]
[122]
[123]
Cyclone Wildcat 54m Sandspit Cavendish Beach
Rocky Point Park
Canada Canada 1996
1984 to 1995
Operating [124]
[125]
Silberpfeil Katapult Skyline Park Germany Germany 1997 Removed [126]
Nightmare at Crack Axle Canyon
Formerly Nightmare at Phantom Cave
Formerly Starchaser
Jet Star Great Escape
Six Flags Darien Lake
Kentucky Kingdom
Beech Bend
United States United States 1999
1996 to 1998
1987 to 1995
Unknown
Removed [127]
[128]
[129]
[130]
Katapul
Formerly Thunderlooper
Formerly King Kobra
Shuttle Loop Hopi Hari
Alton Towers
Jolly Roger Amusement Park
Kings Dominion
Brazil Brazil 1999
1990 to 1996
1987 to 1989
1977 to 1986
Operating [131]
[132]
[133]
[134]
Montaña Rusa
Formerly Zambezi Zinger
Speed Racer / Extended Jumbo Jet Parque Del Café
Worlds of Fun
Colombia Colombia 1999
1973 to 1997
Operating [135]
[136]
Comet II
Formerly Montagnes Russes
Wildcat 65m State Fair of Texas
Old Indiana Fun-n-Water Park
La Ronde
United States United States 1999
1985 to 1996
1967 to 1984
Removed [137]
[138]
[139]
Nostalgische Achterbahn
Formerly Achterbahn
Wildcat 65m Skyline Park Germany Germany 1999 Operating [140] & [141]
Jet Star Jet Star Luna Park La Palmyre
Morey's Piers
Knoebels Amusement Park & Resort
France France 2000
1993 to 1999
1977 to 1992
Operating [142]
[143]
[144]
Tornado
Formerly Glissade
Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet Selva Mágica
La Feria Chapultepec Magico
Busch Gardens Williamsburg
Mexico Mexico 2002
1993 to 2001
1975 to 1985
Operating [145]
[146]
[147]
Jet Star 2 Jet Star 2 Vaikų Pasaulis
Gorky Park
Lithuania Lithuania 2002 Closed [148]
[149]
Jumbo Jet Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet Xinghai Square China China 2003 Removed [150]
Greezed Lightnin'
Formerly Viper
Formerly Tidal Wave
Shuttle Loop Kentucky Kingdom
Six Flags Over Georgia
Six Flags Great America
United States United States 2003
1995 to 2001
1978 to 1991
Removed [151]
[152]
[153]
Alpina Bobs
Formerly Cortina Bob
Jet Star Holly Park
Wiener Prater
France France 2003
1969 to 1993
Removed [154]
[155]
Big Roller Coaster
Formerly Andalusia Railroad
Unknown Wonder Island
Kure Portopialand
Russia Russia 2004
1991 to 1997
Operating [156]
[157]
Jet Star Jet Star Luna Park Poland Poland 2004 Removed [158]
Jumbo Jet Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet Amigoland
Walibi Belgium
France France 2005
1978 to 1991
Operating [159]
[160]
Unknown Wildcat Unknown Fun Park Fyn Denmark Denmark 2005 In storage [161]
Unknown
Formerly Greezed Lightnin'
Shuttle Loop Joyland Amusement Park
Six Flags AstroWorld
United States United States 2006
1978 to 2005
In storage [162]
[163]
Quimera
Formerly Montaña Triple Loop
Formerly Montaña Infinitum
Formerly Magnum Force
Formerly Triple Loop Coaster
Unknown La Feria Chapultepec Magico
Flamingo Land
Sunway Lagoon
Mexico Mexico 2007
2000 to 2005
1997 to 1999
Closed [164] & [165]
[166]
[167]
[168]
Wildcat
Wild Cat
Formerly Die Wildkatze
Wildcat 54m Adventure Park USA
Williams Grove Amusement Park
Steel Pier
Playland Park
Busch Gardens Williamsburg
United States United States 2007
2001 to 2005
1994 to 1999
1984 to 1991
1976 to 1983
Operating [169]
[170]
[171]
[172]
[173]
Knightmare
Formerly BMRX
Formerly Bavarian Mountain Railroad
Unknown Camelot Theme Park
Kobe Portopialand
United Kingdom United Kingdom 2007
1987 to 2006
Removed [174]
[175]
Alpen Blitz Alpenblitz II Queens Land India India 2007 Operating [176]
Avalanche
Formerly Wildcat
Wildcat 54m Jolly Roger Amusement Park
Bell's Amusement Park
United States United States 2008
1974 to 1997
Removed [177]
[178]
Roller Coaster
Formerly Ripper
Formerly Jet Star
Jet Star Lazarevskoye Park
Thrill-Ville USA
Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk
Russia Russia 2008
1993 to 2007
1972 to 1991
Operating [179]
[180]
[181]
Tsunami
Formerly Zonga
Formerly Texas Tornado
Formerly Taz's Texas Tornado
Formerly Thriller
Unknown Isla San Marcos Parque Temático
Six Flags Discovery Kingdom
Six Flags AstroWorld
Gröna Lund
Mexico Mexico 2008
2003 to 2004
1998 to 2000
1996
In storage [182]
[183]
[184]
[185]
Jet Star Jet Star Aventura Park
Aventura Park
Spreepark
Peru Peru 2009
2002 to 2008
1970 to 2001
Removed [186]
[187]
[188]
Jet Star 3 Jet Star 2 Lunapark Robland
Parken Zoo
Poland Poland 2009
2001 to 2008
Operating [189]
[190]
Tornado
Formerly Space Mountain
Formerly New Beast
Formerly Alton Beast
Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet Salitre Magico
Divertido
Alton Towers
Colombia Colombia 2010
1998 to 2004
1992 to 1997
Removed [191]
[192]
[193]
Vertigo
Formerly Looping Star
Looping Star Zoomarine
Luneur Park
Plutón Park
Parque de Atracciones de Madrid
OK Corral
Southport Pleasureland
Freizeitpark Kirchhorst
Italy Italy 2010
2002 to 2007
2000 to 2001
1992 to 1998
1988 to 1991
1985 to 1987
1979 to 1984
Operating [194]
[195]
[196]
[197]
[198]
[199]
[200]
Brontojet
Formerly Slitherin'
Formerly Viper
City Jet / Jet 400 Movieland Park
Loudoun Castle
Lightwater Valley
Italy Italy 2010
2002 to 2004
1996 to 2001
Operating [201]
[202]
[203]
Gwazi
Formerly Looping Star
Formerly Thunder Loop Express
Looping Star Lion Park Resort
Holnemvolt Park
Loudoun Castle
Dreamland
Botswana Botswana 2011
2001 to 2009
1995 to 1998
Operating [204]
[205]
[206]
[207]
Wildcat Wildcat 65m North Georgia State Fair United States United States 2011 Operating [208]
Rocket
Formerly Black Hole
Formerly Black Hole II
Formerly New Black Hole
Jet Star 2 Furuvik
Alton Towers
Sweden Sweden 2011
1983 to 2005
Operating [209]
[210]
Looping Star Silverarrow Rand Show South Africa South Africa 2012 Operating [211]
Frozen City Jet / Jet 400 Attrapark
Attrapark
Sokolniki Park
Russia Russia 2013
2010 to 2013
2003 to 20110
Removed [212]
[213]
[214]
Roller Coaster
Formerly Super 8
Wildcat 54m Central Park
Chelyuskintsev Park
Chelyuskintsev Park
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 2013
2009 to 2012
1974 to 2008
Operating [215]
[216]
[217]
Bullet
Formerly Wiener Looping
Shuttle Loop Selva Mágica
Flamingo Land
Boardwalk and Baseball
Wiener Prater
Mexico Mexico 2013
1991 to 2005
1984 to 1990
1982
Operating [218]
[219]
[220]
[221]
Unknown Wildcat 54m City Games Iraq Iraq 2013 Operating [222]
Death Train
Formerly Katapult
Katapult Marah Land
Mirabilandia
Oman Oman 2016
2006
Closed [223]
[224]
Jumbo Jet Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet Chelyuskintsev Park
Dreamland
Beoland
Malmö Folkets Park
Palace Playland
Cedar Point
Belarus Belarus 2015
2010 to 2014
2003 to 2006
1985 to 1989
Unknown
1972 to 1978
Operating [225]
[226]
[227]
[228]
[229]
[230]
Wildcat
Formerly Rails
Formerly Wild Rails
Wildcat 65m Jolly Roger Amusement Park
Valleyfair
Cedar Point
United States United States 2015
1999 to 2001
1979 to 1998
1970 to 1978
Operating [231] & [232]
[233]
[234]
Looping Star
Formerly Lisebergs Loopen
Looping Star Ita Park
Playcenter São Paulo
Liseberg
Brazil Brazil 2016
1996 to 2012
1980 to 1995
Operating [235]
[236]
[237]
Big Blue
Formerly Twist and Shout
Formerly Looping Star
Formerly Tower of Terror
Silberpfeil
Silverarrow Fun Park Mirnovec
Loudoun Castle
Dreamland
Camelot Theme Park
Ocean Beach Amusement Park
OK Corral
Croatia Croatia 2017
2003 to 2010
2001 to 2002
1989 to 2000
1986 to 1988
1980 to 1985
Operating [238]
[239]
[240]
[241]
[242]
[243]
Bobsleigh
Formerly Course De Bobsleigh
Formerly Jumbo Jet
City Jet / Jet 400 Parc de la Vallée
Nigloland
Drayton Manor
France France 2018
1995 to 2017
1981 to 1983
Operating [244]
[245]
[246]
Alpen-Coaster
Formerly Himalayabahn
Wildcat 54m Zoo Safaripark Stukenbrock
Schwaben Park
Germany Germany 2018
1989 to 2015
Removed [247]
[248]
Olympia Looping Unknown Wiener Prater
Wiener Prater
Austria Austria 2018
2016
Removed [249]
[250]
Looping Star
Formerly Thunder Loop
Formerly Looping Star
Formerly Superachtbaan Looping Star
Looping Star Parko Paliatso Luna Park
Attractiepark Slagharen
Cyprus Cyprus 2018
1979 to 2016
Operating [251]
[252]
Jet Jet Star Babyland-Amiland France France 2019 Closed [253]
Teststrecke
Formerly Laser
Formerly Colossus
Double Looping Wiener Prater
Dorney Park
Playcenter São Paulo
Austria Austria 2019
1986 to 2008
1981 to 1986
Removed [254]
[255]
[256]

List of other attractions

  • Giant wheel - a 41.5-meter Ferris Wheel at Six Flags Great Adventure and Cedar Point.
  • Orbit (Enterprise) - Six Flags Great America, formerly the Orleans Orbit upon opening of Marriott's Great America. Operated from 1976 to 2016.
  • Orbit (Enterprise) - California's Great America.
  • Wheelie (Enterprise) - Six Flags Over Georgia, Operated from 1977-2012. Removed to make room for SkyScreamer, Now at Funspot in Orlando.
  • Enterprise - Attractiepark Slagharren.
  • Bayern Kurve - Kennywood.
  • Berserker (Bayern Kurve) - California's Great America.
  • Centrifuge (Calypso III) - California's Great America.
  • Fiddler's Fling (Calypso III) - Six Flags Great America.
  • The Lobster (Monster III) - Six Flags Great America.
  • A Shuttleboat ride (name?) at Bobbejaanland, defunct.
  • Apollo (Apollo 14) - Attractiepark Slagharren, one of two originally built at the park, both were converted to swing rides at some point and one of the sides ended up at Loudoun Castle.
  • Octopus (Monster II) - Attractiepark Slagharren.
  • Sky Tower (Zepplin II) - Attractiepark Slagharren, later converted into an observation tower.
  • Monorail - Attractiepark Slagharren.
  • Riesenrad (Ferris Wheel 50m) - Famous Oktoberfest Ferris Wheel, owned by showman Willenborg.

References

  1. ^ a b Pantenburg, Michael. "Schwarzkopf Coaster Net". Retrieved August 11, 2016.
  2. ^ Schwarzkopf - rcdb.com
  3. ^ Marden, Duane. "JetStar  (Parque de la Ciudad)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  4. ^ Marden, Duane. "Katapulta  (Selva Mágica)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  5. ^ Marden, Duane. "Super 8  (Fyns Tivoli)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  6. ^ Marden, Duane. "Rollercoaster  (Future World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  7. ^ Marden, Duane. "Traumlandbahn  (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  8. ^ Marden, Duane. "Münchner Bahn  (Beekse Bergen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  9. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet-Star II  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  10. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  11. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Canadian National Exhibition)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  12. ^ Marden, Duane. "Big Bend  (Six Flags St. Louis)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  13. ^ Marden, Duane. "Big Bend  (Six Flags Over Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  14. ^ Marden, Duane. "Greased Lightnin'  (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  15. ^ Marden, Duane. "Greased Lightnin'  (California's Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  16. ^ Marden, Duane. "Runaway Train  (Ocean Beach Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  17. ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpenblitz  (Gorky Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  18. ^ Marden, Duane. "City Jet  (Shaheen's Fun-O-Rama Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  19. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Serengeti Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  20. ^ Marden, Duane. "City Jet  (All Star Adventures)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  21. ^ Marden, Duane. "City Jet  (Gillian's Wonderland Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  22. ^ Marden, Duane. "City Jet  (Steel Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  23. ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Beto Carrero World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  24. ^ Marden, Duane. "Tornado  (Playcenter São Paulo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  25. ^ Marden, Duane. "Düsenspirale  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  26. ^ Marden, Duane. "Super 8  (Liseberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  27. ^ Marden, Duane. "WildCat  (Six Flags New England)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  28. ^ Marden, Duane. "Skovtrolden  (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  29. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Palisades Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  30. ^ Marden, Duane. "7 Picos  (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  31. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Casino Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  32. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Drievliet)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  33. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  34. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat  (Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  35. ^ Marden, Duane. "Achterbahn  (Spreepark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  36. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Great Adventure Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  37. ^ Marden, Duane. "Super 8  (Kölner Tivoli)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  38. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Fantasy Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  39. ^ Marden, Duane. "Super Big Gulp  (Playland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  40. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Great Adventure Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  41. ^ Marden, Duane. "Schussboomer  (Worlds of Fun)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  42. ^ Marden, Duane. "Gebirgsbahn  (Phantasialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  43. ^ Marden, Duane. "City Jet  (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  44. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet 400  (Jolly Roger at the Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  45. ^ Marden, Duane. "Whizzer  (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  46. ^ Marden, Duane. "Whizzer  (California's Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  47. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 2  (Lagoon)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  48. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 2  (Riverfront Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  49. ^ Marden, Duane. "Achtbaan  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  50. ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpen Blitz  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  51. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  52. ^ Marden, Duane. "New Revolution  (Six Flags Magic Mountain)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  53. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Set  (Funtown Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  54. ^ Marden, Duane. "Sooperdooperlooper  (Hersheypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  55. ^ Marden, Duane. "Grand Canyon Bahn  (Phantasialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  56. ^ Marden, Duane. "Screamin' Demon  (Poconos' Magic Valley and Winona Five Falls)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  57. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Rider  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  58. ^ Marden, Duane. "Mind Bender  (Six Flags Over Georgia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  59. ^ Marden, Duane. "Shock Wave  (Six Flags Over Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  60. ^ Marden, Duane. "Montezooma's Revenege  (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  61. ^ Marden, Duane. "City Jet  (Kid's World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  62. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  63. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  64. ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpenblitz  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  65. ^ Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop  (Yokohama Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  66. ^ Marden, Duane. "Achterbahn  (Spreepark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  67. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Coney Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  68. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Steeplechase Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  69. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Särkänniemi Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  70. ^ Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop  (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  71. ^ Marden, Duane. "Katapult  (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  72. ^ Marden, Duane. "Nessie Superrollercoaster  (Hansa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  73. ^ Marden, Duane. "Scorpion  (Busch Gardens Tampa)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  74. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Ölands Djur & Nöjespark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  75. ^ Marden, Duane. "Radar  (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  76. ^ Marden, Duane. "Oasis Express  (Kuwait Entertainment City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  77. ^ Marden, Duane. "Double Loop  (Kobe Portopialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  78. ^ Marden, Duane. "Psyké Underground  (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  79. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  80. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star II  (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  81. ^ Marden, Duane. "Zyklon  (Gardaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  82. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat  (Parque de la Ciudad)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  83. ^ Marden, Duane. "Aconcagua  (Parque de la Ciudad)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  84. ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpen Blitz  (Parque de la Ciudad)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  85. ^ Marden, Duane. "Colossus the Fire Dragon  (Lagoon)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  86. ^ Marden, Duane. "Tig'rr Coaster  (Indiana Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  87. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Holiday Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  88. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat  (Keansburg Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  89. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Atlas Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  90. ^ Marden, Duane. "Mindbender  (Galaxyland Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  91. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Washington State Fair)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  92. ^ Marden, Duane. "Silver Bullet  (Frontier City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  93. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  94. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (State Fair of Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  95. ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpenblitz  (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  96. ^ Marden, Duane. "Black Hole  (Avonturenpark Helendoorn)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  97. ^ Marden, Duane. "Raptor Attack  (Lightwater Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  98. ^ Marden, Duane. "Lisebergbanan  (Liseberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  99. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jetline  (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  100. ^ Marden, Duane. "Viper  (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  101. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Scream  (Six Flags St. Louis)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  102. ^ Marden, Duane. "Golden Loop  (Gold Reef City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  103. ^ Marden, Duane. "White Lightnin'  (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  104. ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpen Blitz  (Playcenter São Paulo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  105. ^ Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop  (Oyama Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  106. ^ Marden, Duane. "Turbo Mountain  (Adventure World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  107. ^ Marden, Duane. "Geronimo  (Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  108. ^ Marden, Duane. "Speed Bobsleigh  (Nasu Highland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  109. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star II  (Hanshin Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  110. ^ Marden, Duane. "Katapult  (Linnanmäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  111. ^ Marden, Duane. "Lasso Loop  (OK Corral)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  112. ^ Marden, Duane. "Katapult  (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  113. ^ Marden, Duane. "Katapult  (Splash Zone Water Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  114. ^ Marden, Duane. "Montaña Rusa  (Bosque Mágico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  115. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Magic Landing)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  116. ^ Marden, Duane. "Mountain Express  (Six Flags Magic Mountain)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  117. ^ Marden, Duane. "Cascabel 2.0  (La Feria Chapultepec Magico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  118. ^ Marden, Duane. "Laser Loop  (Kennywood)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  119. ^ Marden, Duane. "Coleoz'Arbres  (Bagatelle)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  120. ^ Marden, Duane. "Montanha Russa  (Mirabilandia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  121. ^ Marden, Duane. "Cannonball Express  (Pleasurewood Hills)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  122. ^ Marden, Duane. "Super Figure Eight  (Funland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  123. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo 5  (Meli Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  124. ^ Marden, Duane. "Cyclone  (Sandspit Cavendish Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  125. ^ Marden, Duane. "Cyclone  (Rocky Point Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  126. ^ Marden, Duane. "Silberpfeil  (Skyline Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  127. ^ Marden, Duane. "Nightmare at Crack Axle Canyon  (Great Escape)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  128. ^ Marden, Duane. "Nightmare at Phantom Cave  (Six Flags Darien Lake)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  129. ^ Marden, Duane. "Starchaser  (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  130. ^ Marden, Duane. "Starchaser  (Beech Bend)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  131. ^ Marden, Duane. "Katapul  (Hopi Hari)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  132. ^ Marden, Duane. "Thunderlooper  (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  133. ^ Marden, Duane. "King Kobra  (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  134. ^ Marden, Duane. "King Kobra  (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  135. ^ Marden, Duane. "Montaña Rusa  (Parque Del Café)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  136. ^ Marden, Duane. "Zambezi Zinger  (Worlds of Fun)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  137. ^ Marden, Duane. "Comet II  (State Fair of Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  138. ^ Marden, Duane. "Montagnes Russes  (Old Indiana Fun-n-Water Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  139. ^ Marden, Duane. "Montagnes Russes  (La Ronde)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  140. ^ Marden, Duane. "Nostalgische Achterbahn  (Skyline Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  141. ^ Marden, Duane. "Achterbahn  (Skyline Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  142. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Luna Park La Palmyre)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  143. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  144. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Knoebels Amusement Park & Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  145. ^ Marden, Duane. "Tornado  (Selvia Mágica)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  146. ^ Marden, Duane. "Tornado  (La Feria Chapultepec Magico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  147. ^ Marden, Duane. "Glissade  (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  148. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 2  (Vaikų Pasaulis)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  149. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 2  (Gorky Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  150. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Xinghai Square)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  151. ^ Marden, Duane. "Greezed Lightnin'  (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  152. ^ Marden, Duane. "Viper  (Six Flags Over Georgia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  153. ^ Marden, Duane. "Tidal Wave  (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  154. ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpina Bobs  (Holly Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  155. ^ Marden, Duane. "Cortina Bob  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  156. ^ Marden, Duane. "Big Roller Coaster  (Wonder Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  157. ^ Marden, Duane. "Andalusia Railroad  (Kure Portopialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  158. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  159. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Amigoland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  160. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  161. ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Fun Park Fyn)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  162. ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Joyland Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  163. ^ Marden, Duane. "Greezed Lightnin'  (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  164. ^ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49868179
  165. ^ https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/29/world/mexico-roller-coaster-derails-two-dead/index.html
  166. ^ Marden, Duane. "Quimera  (La Feria Chapultepec Magico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  167. ^ Marden, Duane. "Magnum Force  (Flamingo Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  168. ^ Marden, Duane. "Triple Loop Coaster  (Sunway Lagoon)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  169. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Adventure Park USA)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  170. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Williams Grove Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  171. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Steel Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  172. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat  (Playland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  173. ^ Marden, Duane. "Die Wildkatze  (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  174. ^ Marden, Duane. "Knightmare  (Camelot Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  175. ^ Marden, Duane. "BMRX  (Kobe Portopialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  176. ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpen Blitz  (Queens Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  177. ^ Marden, Duane. "Avalanche  (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  178. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Bell's Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  179. ^ Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster  (Lazarevskoye Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  180. ^ Marden, Duane. "Ripper  (Thrill-Ville USA)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  181. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  182. ^ Marden, Duane. "Tsunami  (Isla San Marcos Parque Temático)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  183. ^ Marden, Duane. "Zonga  (Six Flags Discovery Knigdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  184. ^ Marden, Duane. "Texas Tornado  (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  185. ^ Marden, Duane. "Thriller  (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  186. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Aventura Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  187. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Aventura Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  188. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Spreepark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  189. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 3  (Lunapark Robland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  190. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 3  (Parken Zoo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  191. ^ Marden, Duane. "Tornado  (Salitre Magico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  192. ^ Marden, Duane. "Space Mountain  (Divertido)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  193. ^ Marden, Duane. "New Beast  (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  194. ^ Marden, Duane. "Vertigo  (Zoomarine)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  195. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Luneur Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  196. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Plutón Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  197. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  198. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (OK Corral)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  199. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Southport Pleasureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  200. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Freizeitpark Kirchhorst)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  201. ^ Marden, Duane. "Brontojet  (Movieland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  202. ^ Marden, Duane. "Slitherin'  (Loudoun Castle)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  203. ^ Marden, Duane. "Viper  (Lightwater Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  204. ^ Marden, Duane. "Gwazi  (Lion Park Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  205. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Holnemvolt Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  206. ^ Marden, Duane. "Thunder Loop Express  (Loudoun Castle)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  207. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  208. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (North Georgia State Fair)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  209. ^ Marden, Duane. "Rocket  (Furuvik)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  210. ^ Marden, Duane. "Black Hole  (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  211. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Rand Show)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  212. ^ Marden, Duane. "Frozen  (Attrapark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  213. ^ Marden, Duane. "Frozen  (Attrapark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  214. ^ Marden, Duane. "Frozen  (Sokolniki Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  215. ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Central Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  216. ^ Marden, Duane. "Super 8  (Chelyuskintsev)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  217. ^ Marden, Duane. "Super 8  (Chelyuskintsev)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  218. ^ Marden, Duane. "Bullet  (Selva Mágica)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  219. ^ Marden, Duane. "Bullet  (Flamingo Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  220. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wiener Looping  (Boardwalk and Baseball)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  221. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wiener Looping  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  222. ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (City Games)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  223. ^ Marden, Duane. "Death Train  (Marah Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  224. ^ Marden, Duane. "Katapult  (Mirabilandia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  225. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Chelyuskintsev)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  226. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  227. ^ Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Beoland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  228. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Malmö Folkets Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  229. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Palace Playland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  230. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  231. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  232. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  233. ^ Marden, Duane. "Rails  (Valleyfair)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  234. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  235. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Ita Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  236. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Playcenter São Paulo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  237. ^ Marden, Duane. "Lisebergs Loopen  (Liseberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  238. ^ Marden, Duane. "Big Blue  (Fun Park Mirnovec)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  239. ^ Marden, Duane. "Twist and Shout  (Loudoun Castle)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  240. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  241. ^ Marden, Duane. "Tower of Terror  (Camelot Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  242. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Ocean Beach Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  243. ^ Marden, Duane. "Silberpfeil  (OK Corral)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  244. ^ Marden, Duane. "Circuit Bobsleigh  (Parc de la Vallée)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  245. ^ Marden, Duane. "Bobsleigh  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  246. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Drayton Manor)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  247. ^ Marden, Duane. "Alpen-Coaster  (Zoo Safaripark Stukenbrock)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  248. ^ Marden, Duane. "Himalayabahn  (Schwaben Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  249. ^ Marden, Duane. "Olympia Looping  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  250. ^ Marden, Duane. "Olympia Looping  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  251. ^ Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Parko Paliatso Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  252. ^ Marden, Duane. "Thunder Loop  (Attractiepark Slagharen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  253. ^ Marden, Duane. "Jet  (Babyland-Amiland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  254. ^ Marden, Duane. "Teststrecke  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  255. ^ Marden, Duane. "Laser  (Dorney Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  256. ^ Marden, Duane. "Colossus  (Playcenter São Paulo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.