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Mildred Dresselhaus

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Mildred Dresselhaus[1]
Mildred Dresselhaus at the White House in 2012
Born (1930-11-11) November 11, 1930 (age 94)
Brooklyn, New York
NationalityAmerican
CitizenshipU.S.
Alma materHunter College
Cambridge University
Harvard University
University of Chicago
Known forCarbon nanotubes
AwardsNational Medal of Science (1990)
IEEE Founders Medal (2004)
Harold Pender Award (2006)
Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize (2008)
Oersted Medal (2008)
Vannevar Bush Award (2009)
Enrico Fermi Award (2012)
Kavli Prize in Nanoscience (2012)
Presidential Medal of Freedom (2014)
Scientific career
FieldsApplied physics
InstitutionsCornell
MIT
Doctoral studentsGreg Timp

Mildred Dresselhaus[1] (born Mildred Spiewak on November 11, 1930 in Brooklyn, New York), known as the "queen of carbon science",[2] is the first female Institute Professor and professor emerita of physics and electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[3] Dresselhaus has won numerous awards including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the National Science Medal, the Enrico Fermi Award and the Vannevar Bush Award.

Biography

She was born Mildred Spiewak on November 11, 1930 in Brooklyn.

Dresselhaus received her high school degree at Hunter College High School, undergraduate degree at Hunter College in New York, and carried out postgraduate study at the University of Cambridge on a Fulbright Fellowship and Harvard University. She received a PhD from the University of Chicago in 1958. She then spent two years at Cornell University as a postdoc before moving to Lincoln Lab as a staff member. She became a visiting professor of electrical engineering at MIT in 1967, became a tenured faculty member in 1968, and became a professor of physics in 1983. In 1985, she was appointed the first female Institute Professor at MIT[4][5][6]

Dresselhaus was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1990 in recognition of her work on electronic properties of materials as well as expanding the opportunities of women in science and engineering.[7][8] and in 2005 she was awarded the 11th Annual Heinz Award in the category of Technology, the Economy and Employment.[9] In 2008 she was awarded the Oersted Medal. IEEE Medal of Honor - 2015

In 2000–2001, she was the director of the Office of Science at the U.S. Department of Energy. From 2003-2008, she was the chair of the governing board of the American Institute of Physics. She also has served as president of the American Physical Society, the first female president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and treasurer of the National Academy of Sciences. Dresselhaus has devoted a great deal of time to supporting efforts to promote increased participation of women in physics.

President Barack Obama greets 2010 Fermi Award recipients Dr. Mildred S. Dresselhaus and Dr. Burton Richter in the Oval Office, May 7, 2012
President Barack Obama greets Dr. Mildred S. Dresselhaus, third from right, and Dr. Burton Richter, right, May 7, 2012.

In 2012 Dresselhaus was co-recipient of the Enrico Fermi Award, along with Burton Richter.[10] On May 31, 2012, Dresselhaus was awarded the Kavli Prize[2] "for her pioneering contributions to the study of phonons, electron-phonon interactions, and thermal transport in nanostructures."[11]

In 2014, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.[12]

Dresselhaus is particularly noted for her work on graphite, graphite intercalation compounds, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and low-dimensional thermoelectrics. Her group has made frequent use of electronic band structure, Raman scattering and the photophysics of carbon nanostructures. Dresselhaus' former students include such notable materials scientists as Deborah Chung and notable physicists as Nai-Chang Yeh, Greg Timp, Mansour Shayegan, James S. Speck, Lourdes Salamanca Riba, and Ahmet Erbil.

There are several physical theories named after Dresselhaus. The Hicks-Dresselhaus Model (L. D. Hicks and Dresselhaus) [13] is the first basic model for low-dimensional thermoelectrics, which initiated the whole band field. The SFDD model (Riichiro Saito, Mitsutaka Fujita, Gene Dresselhaus, and Mildred Dresselhaus) [14] first predicted the band structures of carbon nanotubes. The Tang-Dresselhaus Theory (Shuang Tang and Dresselhaus) [15] has developed a methodology for studying narrow-band low dimensional materials systems, and is also the first theory on how to construct various Dirac-cone materials, including single-Dirac-cone materials, bi-Dirac-cone materials, tri-Dirac-cone materials, quasi-Dirac-cone materials, semi-Dirac-cone materials and exact-Dirac-cone materials. The Rashba-Dresselhaus Effect refers to the spin-orbital interaction effect modeled by Gene Dresselhaus, Mildred Dresselhaus's husband.

She is married to Gene Dresselhaus, a well-known theorist, and has four children and several grandchildren.

Honors and awards

Selected publications

References

  1. ^ a b Mildred Dresselhaus was elected in 1974 as a member of National Academy of Engineering in Electronics, Communication & Information Systems Engineering and Materials Engineering for contributions to the experimental studies of metals and semimetals, and to education.
  2. ^ a b Queen of Carbon Science, U.S. News & World Report. By Marlene Cimons, National Science Foundation. 27 July 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  3. ^ Natalie Angier (July 2, 2012). "Carbon Catalyst for Half a Century". New York Times. Retrieved 2012-07-03. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ "80th Birthday Celebration for Millie Dresselhaus". web.mit.edu. Retrieved 2015-04-18.
  5. ^ "SENATE CONFIRMS DRESSELHAUS AS DIRECTOR OF DOE OFFICE OF SCIENCE - Republican News - U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources". www.energy.senate.gov. Retrieved 2015-04-18.
  6. ^ "NSF and NSB Pay Tribute to Three Top American Scientists and Public Service Awardees at Annual Ceremony- All Images - US National Science Foundation (NSF) - US National Science Foundation (NSF)". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2015-04-18.
  7. ^ "Dresselhaus Wins Medal of Science" (Press release). MIT News Office. November 14, 1990. Retrieved 2007-05-30.
  8. ^ "National Science Foundation - The President's National Medal of Science". Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  9. ^ "The Heinz Awards, Mildred Dresselhaus profile".
  10. ^ "President Obama Names Scientists Mildred Dresselhaus and Burton Richter as the Enrico Fermi Award Winners".
  11. ^ 2012 Kavli Prizes/Mildred S. Dresselhaus/2012 Nanoscience Citation, Kavli Foundation. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  12. ^ "Obama awards Presidential Medal of Freedom to 18". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  13. ^ "Effect of quantum-well structures on the thermoelectric figure of merit".
  14. ^ "Electronic structure of graphene tubules based on C60".
  15. ^ "Thin films of bismuth-antimony have potential for new semiconductor chips, thermoelectric devices". MIT News Office.
  16. ^ "Doing the right things". ETH Zurich. November 21, 2015. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  17. ^ "Spotlight | National Inventors Hall of Fame". Invent.org. 2013-11-21. Retrieved 2016-05-29.
  18. ^ "President Obama Announces the Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients". The White House. November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  19. ^ "PolyU to honour five distinguished personalities at 19th Congregation". The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. September 23, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
  20. ^ MIT
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