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Rogers Centre

Coordinates: 43°38′29″N 79°23′21″W / 43.64139°N 79.38917°W / 43.64139; -79.38917
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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Johnny Au (talk | contribs) at 02:53, 3 March 2016 (→Purchase and renaming: removed comma). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

"SkyDome" redirects here. For other uses, see SkyDome (disambiguation).

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Rogers Centre
SkyDome[1][2]
File:Rogers Center logo.jpg
Map
Former namesSkyDome (1989–2005)
Location1 Blue Jays Way
Toronto, Ontario
M5V 1J1
Coordinates43°38′29″N 79°23′21″W / 43.64139°N 79.38917°W / 43.64139; -79.38917
Public transit Amtrak Union Station
Union Station

509 Harbourfront, 510 Spadina

GO Bus Terminal
OwnerRogers Communications
OperatorRogers Stadium Limited Partnership
CapacityBaseball: 49,282[9]
Canadian football: 31,074 (expandable to 52,230)[10]
American football: 54,000[11]
Soccer: 47,568
Basketball: 22,911 (expandable to 28,708)[12]
Concerts: 10,000-55,000
Record attendanceWrestleMania X8: 68,237 (March 17, 2002)
Field sizeLeft Field Line - 328 feet (100 m)
Left-Centre Power Alley - 375 feet (114 m)
Centre Field - 400 feet (122 m)
Right-Centre Power Alley - 375 feet (114 m)
Right Field Line - 328 feet (100 m)
Backstop - 60 feet (18 m)
SurfaceAstroTurf (1989–2004)
FieldTurf (2005–2010)
AstroTurf GameDay Grass 3D (2010–2014)
AstroTurf 3D Xtreme (2015–present)
Construction
Broke groundOctober 3, 1986
OpenedJune 3, 1989
Construction cost$570 million[3][4]
($1.2 billion in 2024 dollars[5])
ArchitectRod Robbie
Structural engineerAdjeleian Allen Rubeli Ltd.[6]
Services engineerThe Mitchell Partnership Inc.[7]
General contractorEllisDon Construction
Tenants
Toronto Blue Jays (MLB) (1989–present)
Toronto Argonauts (CFL) (1989–2015)[8]
Toronto Raptors (NBA) (1995–1999)
Buffalo Bills (NFL) (2008–2013) (Bills Toronto Series)
Toronto FC (MLS) (2012–present, occasional matches)

Rogers Centre (originally named SkyDome) is a multi-purpose stadium in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada situated just southwest of the CN Tower near the northern shore of Lake Ontario. Opened in 1989 on the former Railway Lands, it is home to the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB). Previously, the stadium served as home to the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL) and the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL), played an annual game at the stadium as part of the Bills Toronto Series from 2008 to 2013. While it is primarily a sports venue, it also hosts other large-scale events such as conventions, trade fairs, concerts, travelling carnivals, and monster truck shows.

The stadium was renamed "Rogers Centre" following the purchase of the stadium by Rogers Communications, which also bought the Toronto Blue Jays, in 2005.[13][1] The venue was noted for being the first stadium to have a fully retractable motorized roof, as well as for the 348-room hotel attached to it, with 70 rooms overlooking the field.[14] It is also the last North American major-league stadium built to accommodate both football and baseball. The stadium served as the site of both the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2015 Pan American Games.[15] During the ceremonies, the site was referred to as the "Pan Am Dome" (officially as the "Pan Am Ceremonies Venue") instead of its normal name.

History

SkyDome, called Rogers Centre since 2005, was designed by architect Rod Robbie and structural engineer Michael Allen and was constructed by the EllisDon Construction company of London, Ontario and the Dominion Bridge Company of Lachine, Quebec. The stadium's construction lasted about two and a half years, from October 1986 to May 1989. The approximate cost of construction was C$570 million[3] ($1.2 billion in 2024 dollars[5]) which was paid for by the federal government, Ontario provincial government, the City of Toronto, and a large consortium of corporations.[16]

The CN Tower viewed from the Rogers Centre

Background

The main impetus for building an enclosed sports venue came following the Grey Cup game in November 1982, held at the outdoor Exhibition Stadium. The game was played in a driving rainstorm that left most of the crowd drenched, leading the media to call it "the Rain Bowl". As many of the seats were completely exposed to the elements, thousands watched the game from the concession section. To make a bad experience even worse, the washrooms overflowed. In attendance that day was Bill Davis, the Premier of Ontario, and the poor conditions were seen by the largest TV audience ever in Canada (over 7,862,000 viewers) to that point.[17] The following day, at a rally at Toronto City Hall, tens of thousands of people who attended the game began to chant, "We want a dome! We want a dome!"[citation needed]

Seven months later, in June 1983, Premier Davis formally announced that a three-person committee would look into the feasibility of building a domed stadium at Exhibition Place. The committee consisted of Paul Godfrey, Larry Grossman and former Ontario Hydro chairman Hugh Macaulay.[18]

The committee examined various projects, including a large indoor stadium at Exhibition Place with an air-supported dome, similar to BC Place in Vancouver. In 1985, an international design competition was launched to design a new stadium, along with selection of a site. Some of the proposed sites included Exhibition Place, Downsview Airport, and York University. The final site was located at the base of the CN Tower not far from Union Station, a major railway and transit hub. The Railway Lands were a major Canadian National Railway rail switching yard encompassing the CNR Spadina Roundhouse (the desolate downtown lands were part of a master plan for revitalizing the area, which includes CityPlace). Ultimately, the Robbie/Allen concept won because it provided the largest roof opening of all the finalists, and it was the most technically sound.

Naming

The name "SkyDome" was chosen as part of a province-wide "name the stadium" contest in 1987. Sponsored by the Toronto Sun, ballots were offered for people to submit their suggested name, with lifetime seats behind home plate to all events at the stadium (including concerts) as the prize. Over 150,000 entries were received with 12,897 different names. The selection committee narrowed it down to four choices: "Towerdome", "Harbourdome", "SkyDome", and simply "the Dome". The judges' final selection was SkyDome. Premier David Peterson drew the prize-winning entry of Kellie Watson from a lottery barrel containing the over-2,000 entries that had proposed "SkyDome". At the press conference announcing the name, Chuck Magwood, president of the Stadium Corporation of Ontario (Stadco), the crown corporation created to run SkyDome,[19] commented: "The sky is a huge part of the whole roof process. The name has a sense of the infinite and that's what this is all about."

Financing

Overhead view of Rogers Centre with the roof closed, as seen from the CN Tower

The stadium was funded by a public/private partnership, with the government paying the largest percentage of the tab. The initial cost of $150 million was greatly underestimated,[20] with the final tab coming in at C$570 million ($1.2 billion in 2024 dollars[5]).[3] Two levels of government (Metro Toronto and Provincial) each initially contributed $30 million ($63 million in 2024 dollars[5]).[3][20][21] This does not include the actual value of the land the stadium sits on (as it was part of a deal with the Crown agency – CN Rail). Canada's three main breweries (Labatt's, Molson, and Carling O'Keefe) and the Toronto Blue Jays each paid $5 million ($10.5 million in 2024 dollars[5]) to help fund the stadium.[21] An additional 26 other Canadian corporations (selected by invitation only) also contributed $5 million,[21] for which they received one of the 161 Skyboxes with four parking spaces (for ten years, with an opportunity for renewal) and a 99 year exclusive option on stadium advertising. Skyboxes initially leased for $150,000 up to $225,000 ($315,040 to $472,560 in 2024 dollars[5]) a year in 1989 – plus the cost of tickets for all events.

The then unusual financing structure created controversy. First of all, there was no public tender for supplies and equipment. Secondly, companies that paid the $5 million fee, such as Coca-Cola, TSN and CIBC, received 100% stadium exclusivity,[3] including advertising rights, for the life of their contract that could be extended up to 99 years. Third, the contracts were not put up for bid, meaning that there was some doubt the contracts were made at a market rate: Pepsi stated at the time that had they known the terms of the contract they would have paid far more than $5 million for the rights. Local media like NOW Magazine called the amount charged to the companies "scandalously low".[22]

Construction

A suspension bridge was built over the Union Station Rail Corridor next to the stadium.

Construction was done by lead contractor EllisDon. Several factors complicated the construction: The lands housed a functioning water pumping station that needed to be relocated, the soil was contaminated from a century of industrial use, railway buildings needed to be torn down or moved, and the site was rich with archaeological finds. One of the most complex issues was moving the John St. pumping station across the street to its new home south of the stadium. Foundations to the stadium were being poured even as the facility (located in the infield area) continued to function, as construction on its new location had yet to be completed.

Because the stadium was the first of its kind in the world, the architects and engineers kept the design simple (by using a sturdy dome shape) and used proven technologies to move the roof. It was important that the design would work and be reliable as to avoid the various problems that plagued Montreal's Olympic Stadium. The 31-storey high roof consists of four panels; one (on the North end) is fixed in place and the other three are moved by electrically driven 'train' engines, that run on high strength railway rails. The roof, which takes 20 minutes to open, was made out of steel trusses covered by corrugated steel cladding, which in turn is covered by a single-ply PVC membrane.

Because of its location south of major railway corridor, new pedestrian connections had to be built; the infrastructure was part of the reason for the high cost of the stadium. The SkyWalk is a (½ km – est.) enclosed walkway that leads from the base of the CN Tower and via a bridge connects to Union Station (and is part of the PATH network). The John Street bridge was built to provide North/South passage over the rail tracks, linking Front Street with the stadium.

The stadium was completed two months late, having been planned to open for the first regular season Toronto Blue Jays game in 1989.

Opening

"The Audience" - A sculpture by Michael Snow adorning the façade on the northwest corner of Rogers Centre.

The stadium officially opened on June 3, 1989, and hosted an official grand opening show: "The Opening of SkyDome: A Celebration", that was broadcast on CBC television the following evening hosted by Brian Williams. With a crowd of over 50,000 in attendance, the event included appearances by Alan Thicke, Oscar Peterson, Andrea Martin of SCTV, impersonator André-Philippe Gagnon and rock band Glass Tiger. The roof was ceremonially "opened" by Ontario Premier David Peterson with a laser pen. The roof's opening exposed the crowd to a downpour of rain. Despite audible chants of "close the roof", Magwood insisted that the roof remain fully open.

Financial problems and fallout

The SkyDome logo (1989-2005).

The stadium would later become a thorn in the side of David Peterson's Ontario Liberal government for repeated cost overruns. After the Liberals were defeated by the NDP in the 1990 Ontario election, a review by the new Bob Rae government in October 1990 revealed that Stadco's debt meant that the Dome would have to be booked 600 days a year to turn a profit. The stadium income was only $17 million in its first year of operations, while debt service was $40 million. It was determined that the abrupt late inclusion by Stadco of a hotel and health club added an additional $112 million to the cost of the building.

As the province slipped into a recession, Rae appointed University of Toronto professor Bruce Kidd and Canadian Auto Workers President Bob White to the Stadco board to help deal with the stadium's growing debt, but the original $165 million debt had ballooned to $400 million by 1993.[3][20] Stadco became a political liability, and in March 1994, the Ontario government paid off all outstanding Stadco debts from the government treasury and sold the stadium for $151 million to a private consortium that included Labatt Breweries, the Blue Jays' owner.[20][23]

In November 1998, the stadium, which Labatt then owned as 49% of total, filed for bankruptcy protection,[24] triggered after disastrous Skybox renewal numbers. Most of the 161 Skybox tenants had signed on for 10-year leases; a marked decrease in interest in the stadium's teams and the construction of the Air Canada Centre, which hosted the Toronto Maple Leafs and Toronto Raptors, resulted in few renewals for Skybox leases. That same month, the Blue Jays re-signed for an additional ten years in the facility.[20]

In April 1999, Sportsco International LP bought the stadium out of bankruptcy protection for $80 million.[23]

Purchase and renaming

The Rogers Centre logo is large enough to be seen from several kilometres away.

In November 2004, Rogers Communications, parent company of the Blue Jays, acquired SkyDome, excluding the attached SkyDome hotel, which had been sold to Renaissance for a reported $31 million in 1999, from Sportsco for about $25 million – roughly 4% of the cost of construction.[23]

On February 2, 2005, Ted Rogers, President and CEO of Rogers Communications, announced a three-year corporate contract to change the name of SkyDome to Rogers Centre. After the purchase Rogers refurbished the stadium by, among other things, replacing the Jumbotron with a Daktronics video display, and erecting other new monitors, including several built into the outfield wall. They also installed a new FieldTurf artificial playing surface.[25]

In May 2005, the Toronto Argonauts agreed to three five-year leases at Rogers Centre, which could have seen the Argonauts playing out of Rogers Centre up to and including 2019. The team had the option to leave at the end of each of the three lease agreements.[26] However, plans to replace Rogers Centre's surface with natural grass and permanently lock the rotatable stands in baseball position by 2018 moved the Argonauts to relocate to BMO Field before the 2016 season.[27][28][29]

In November 2005, Rogers Centre received a complete makeover to "open" the 100 Level concourse to the playing field and convert 43 luxury boxes to "party suites". This required some seats to be removed, which lowered overall capacity.[30]

In April 2006, Rogers Centre became one of the first buildings of its size to adopt a completely smoke-free policy in Canada, anticipating an act of provincial legislature that required all Ontario public places to go smoke-free by June 1, 2006.

Alcohol was not available to patrons of Rogers Centre on April 7, 2009, as the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario imposed the first of a three-day alcohol suspension at the stadium for "infractions (that) took place at certain past events", according to the press release.[31]

Improvements

Since its opening in 1989, numerous changes and improvements have been made to the facility, some of the more significant of which are:

  • Exterior roof lighting, which can be programmed for themes and/or events.
  • The Blue Jays clubhouse was substantially renovated, including a larger training room, an open concept lounge and personal lockers. In total, the clubhouse expanded from 12,000 to 24,000 square feet (1,100 to 2,200 m2).
  • Main level concourse expansion, making the space brighter, more fan-friendly with expanded wheelchair seating.
  • The FieldTurf was upgraded to AstroTurf Gameday Grass (2010).
  • The main video board was upgraded from a JumboTron to a modern Daktronics video board, measuring 33 by 110 feet (10 by 34 m) (2005).
  • Jays Shop - Stadium Edition, was expanded to an 8,000-square-foot (740 m2) retail space along the main concourse (2007).
  • Two video boards were built into the outfield fence that each measure 10 feet by 65 feet. These boards provide player stats, out-of-town scores and other information related to the game and league.
  • A continuous, ribbon-style video board was installed on the facing of the 300 Level, providing statistics and scores.
  • Installation of 150 new 42-inch flat-screen video monitors in the main and second level concourses, bringing the number of stadium monitors to around 300.
  • Upgrade of the entire field lighting system in a two-month conversion process with all 840 of the 2,000-watt bowl lights replaced.
  • A centre-field porch (later named the West Jet Flight Deck) in the 200 level was added following the removal of the windows of the former Windows Restaurant (2013, $2 million).[32][33]
  • In April 2014, an open-air organist's booth was installed next to the West Jet Flight Deck to provide traditional ballpark theme music during games.
  • The AstroTurf Gameday Grass was upgraded to AstroTurf Gameday Grass 3D Extreme for the 2015 season.

In February 2013, Paul Beeston, president of the Blue Jays, said that the stadium would need $250 million in renovations over the next decade to bring it up to date, including installing a natural grass playing field by 2018.[33]

Stadium features

Several restaurants have views of events. The former Windows restaurant looked onto the playing field.

The venue was the first major team sports stadium in North America with a functional, fully retractable roof (Montreal's Olympic Stadium also had a retractable roof, but due to operational issues, it was replaced with a permanent roof). The roof is composed of four panels and covers an area of 345,000 square feet (32,100 m2). The two middle panels slide laterally to stack over the north semi-circular panel, and then the south semi-circular panel rotates around the stadium and nests inside the stack. It takes 20 minutes for the roof to open or close.[34]

The original AstroTurf installation was replaced with FieldTurf from 2005 to 2010. The FieldTurf took about 40 hours to remove for events such as concerts or trade shows, as it used 1,400 trays that needed to be stacked and transported off the field. Prior to the 2010 baseball season, to reduce the amount of time required to convert the playing field, a new, roll-based version of AstroTurf was installed. Similar to FieldTurf, the current installation uses a sand and rubber-based infill within the synthetic fibres.[35] The Rogers Centre is one of two remaining venues in Major League Baseball using artificial turf (the other one is Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida, home of the Tampa Bay Rays), and the only one that uses "sliding pits" instead of a complete dirt infield.

The use of natural grass was long thought unfeasible since the stadium was designed as a closed structure with a roof that opens, and as such the interior was not intended or built to deal with weather, including low temperatures and drainage. As of the 2015 season, they are one of two teams to have never played a home game on grass at their main stadium (the Tampa Bay Rays played some home games in 2007 and 2008 at Champion Stadium in Walt Disney World).[36][37][38] However, the Blue Jays have long expressed a desire to play on natural grass, and plans are currently in place to install a grass field in 2018 to allow enough time for research and growing of the sod.[39] Installing grass would include digging up the floor, adding a drainage system, and installing 30 cm (1 ft) of dirt. In order to reconfigure Rogers Centre to accommodate a grass field, it will be locked permanently into its baseball configuration; the lower stands that currently roll into position for football will be permanently fixed in position for baseball.[40][41][42] The plan became more definite when Rogers renewed the Argonauts' lease through 2017, but ruled out any further extensions; in May 2015, it was announced that the Argos would move to BMO Field for the 2016 season.[43][28][29] The Blue Jays subsequently confirmed that the Argonauts' early departure would not accelerate their own plans to install grass in 2018,[44] however a dirt infield will be installed for the 2016 season.[45]

There are a total of 5,700 club seats and 161 luxury suites at the Rogers Centre. The complex had a Hard Rock Café restaurant until December 2009 when the restaurant closed after its lease expired.[46] The Renaissance Toronto Hotel is also located within Rogers Centre, with 70 rooms overlooking the field.[47]

Over $5 million of artwork was commissioned in 1989 ($10.5 million in 2024 dollars):

  • The Audience – by Michael Snow is a collection of larger than life depictions of fans located above the northeast and northwest entrances. Painted gold, the sculptures show fans in various acts of celebration.
  • A Tribute to Baseball – by Lutz Haufschild – located above the Southeast and Southwest entrances of Gate 5.
  • The Art of the Possible – by Mimi Gellman – located inside along the north side of the concourse on Level 100. The glass and steel sculpture incorporates the signatures of 2,000 builders of SkyDome, and is a tribute to their work. Some of the artifacts found during excavation such as musket balls and pottery have also been included. The brightly illuminated sculpture became an issue to baseball players when the stadium first opened. The bright lights were considered a distraction to batters.
  • Salmon Run – by Susan Schelle, located outside by the South East entrance in Bobbie Rosenfeld Park; it is a large fountain that has various stainless steel salmon cutouts.
  • Spiral Fountain – by Judith Schwarz.[48]

Seating capacity

Baseball

  • 50,516 (1989–1998)[49]
  • 45,100 (1999–2002)[49]
  • 50,516 (2003–2004)[49]
  • 50,598 (2005–2006)[49]
  • 48,900 (2007)[50]
  • 49,539 (2008–2010)[51]
  • 49,260 (2011–2012)[52]
  • 49,282 (2013–present)[9][53]

Football

Rogers Centre video board

Rogers Centre video board.

The Rogers Centre video board is 33 feet (10 m) high and 110 feet (34 m) across. The panel is made up of modular LED units that can be replaced unit by unit, and can be repaired immediately should it be damaged during an event. Originally, this screen was a Sony JumboTron, but since has been replaced. There are also two ribbon boards made up of LED that run along the East and West sides of the stadium interior. They are each 434 feet (132 m) long by 3.5 feet (1.1 m) high. In addition, there are two video boards that make up parts of the left and right outfield walls while in baseball mode. These are 65 feet (20 m) wide by nearly 10 feet (3.0 m) high.

The video board and the stadium played host to several serial television events, including the series finales for Cheers and Star Trek: The Next Generation, along with live coverage of the funeral of Princess Diana.

Stadium usage

Sports

Besides baseball and Canadian football, Rogers Centre was the original home of the National Basketball Association's Toronto Raptors, who played at the venue from November 1995 to February 1999, while the Air Canada Centre was being planned and built. It proved to be somewhat problematic as a basketball venue, even considering that it was only a temporary facility. For instance, many seats that were theoretically in line with the court were so far away that fans needed binoculars to see the action. Other seats were so badly obstructed that fans sitting there could only watch the game on the replay boards. For most games, Rogers Centre seated 22,900 people. However, the Raptors sometimes opened the upper level when popular opponents came to town, expanding capacity to 29,000.

Rogers Centre has also hosted exhibition soccer, cricket, Gaelic football, Hurling, Australian rules football, tennis and four NCAA International Bowl games. The 1992 World Series and 1993 World Series were played at Rogers Centre. The World Wrestling Federation (since renamed World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)) hosted WrestleMania VI and WrestleMania X8 at Rogers Centre in 1990 and 2002. As well, the WWF/WWE held its largest crowd for Monday Night Raw in February 1999.[55]

In 1994, then-part owner of the SkyDome Labatt considered purchasing a National Football League and a Major League Soccer team to play at the stadium.[56]

On May 31, 1997, the venue hosted a post Olympic track and field event that pitted Olympic track champions Donovan Bailey and Michael Johnson, in a 150m race that was billed as a competition for the title of the "World's Fastest Man". Bailey won the race, completing it in a time of 15 seconds and winning the $1.5 million prize. Johnson pulled up lame at the 110m mark claiming a quadriceps injury.

Soccer matches have been regularly held in recent years; they had been rarely played at the venue when its AstroTurf surface had been in place.[57] On June 8, 2005 an international soccer friendly between Serbia and Italy took place, ending in a 1–1 draw.[57]

Rogers Centre is the site of several major high school and collegiate sporting competitions: Prentice Cup for baseball and, from 1989 to 2003, the Vanier Cup championship of Canadian Interuniversity Sport football. Since 2008, the Rogers Centre is the host of the Greater Toronto High Schools' Metro Bowl.[58]

Toronto Argonauts vs. Hamilton Tiger-Cats, October 27, 2005

In January 2007, Rogers Centre played host to the first ever International Bowl, an NCAA college football game between Western Michigan University and the University of Cincinnati. In 2008, Rutgers played Ball State in the second International Bowl. The University at Buffalo Bulls and the University of Connecticut Huskies played in the third International Bowl on January 3, 2009. In November 2007, it hosted the 95th Grey Cup, its first since 1992 and third all-time. It was also the venue for the 43rd Vanier Cup on Friday November 23, just two days before Grey Cup Sunday. It was the 16th Vanier Cup hosted at SkyDome/Rogers Centre, returning after a three-year absence in which it was hosted by Hamilton, Ontario (2004 and 2005) and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (2006). It was the 56th Grey Cup hosted by the city of Toronto since the championship's inception in 1909, and the 40th Vanier Cup hosted by Toronto since that championship's inception in 1965.

The National Football League's Buffalo Bills announced its intentions to play five "home" games (and three pre-season games) in Rogers Centre in October 2007, so beginning the Bills Toronto Series; the first of these regular-season games took place on December 7 of the 2008 NFL season versus the Miami Dolphins.[59] It marked the first time an NFL team has established a "home" stadium outside the United States. The Bills played a preseason game against the Pittsburgh Steelers at the Rogers Centre on August 14, 2008.

Games in the first round of the 2009 World Baseball Classic were played at the Rogers Centre.[60]

On July 16, 2010, the stadium hosted a friendly soccer match between England's Manchester United F.C. and Scotland's Celtic F.C. Manchester United F.C. defeated Celtic F.C. with a score of 3–1. On July 21, 2012, the stadium hosted the friendly between Toronto FC and Liverpool F.C., a match that finished in a 1–1 draw.

On April 30, 2011, Ultimate Fighting Championship hosted their first event in Ontario's history, UFC 129. Originally set up for 42,000 seats, the event sold out on the first day of ticket sales. Changes were made to accommodate another 13,000 seats. Fans responded bringing the total seat sales to 55,000 — breaking previous UFC records.

For the 2015 Pan American Games, the Rogers Centre was used for the opening and closing ceremonies.

Concerts

The stadium has several concert configurations, including smaller Theatre (capacity 5,000 to 7,000) and Concert Hall (formerly SkyTent; capacity 10,000 to 25,000).[61] Due to the design of the stadium and building materials used, the acoustics have been known to be rather poor, and the loudness/quality can vary greatly around the stadium. Its popularity with artists and fans has diminished over the years, with most stadium concerts taking place at the Air Canada Centre, since it opened. The SkyTent, a group of acoustical curtain sails that is hoisted on rigging above the floor, is used to help reduce sound distortion and improve sound quality by dampening reverberations around the stadium.[62]

Soon after its opening, the stadium became a popular venue for large-scale rock concerts and is the largest indoor concert venue in Toronto.[63] Artists have included Bruce Springsteen, U2 with two concerts in 2009, as well as their concert in 2011, all part of their 360° Tour.[64][65][66] Bon Jovi performed two sellout shows on July 20 and 21, 2010 at the Rogers Centre as part of The Circle Tour.[67]

The Rolling Stones played two sold out concerts at the stadium. December 4, 1989 [Steel Wheels Tour] and on September 26, 2005 during their highest grossing tour A Bigger Bang Tour. The Rogers Centre has been a venue for large electronic dance music events. During 2013, notable events included two back to back sold out shows on Swedish House Mafia's farewell tour, One Last Tour and Sensation's first Canadian event. One of the more notable concerts, as shown in the documentary Truth or Dare, was Madonna's 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour show.[68] The touring show had become extremely controversial, due to the risqué visuals and performances. When the concert arrived in Toronto, police were alerted that the show might violate local obscenity laws. The police were on site for the concert and threatened charges without changes. The show went on as planned, however, without any legal action taken. Later, she performed 2 concerts at the stadium again during The Girlie Show World Tour in 1993.

Other uses

Rogers Centre contains 143,000 sq ft (13,300 m2)* of exhibition space, allowing it to host a variety of events year-round.

It is home to several annual auto shows, with the Canadian International AutoShow in February and Importfest in October. It hosted a round of the AMA Supercross Championship from 2008 to 2014.[69] Disney on Ice, Monster Jam and circuses have also used the venue. The Opening Ceremonies of the XVI International AIDS Conference were held at Rogers Centre on August 13, 2006.[70]

It has also hosted many public speakers, including appearances by the Dalai Lama, Christian Evangelist Billy Graham, Nelson Mandela, and J. K. Rowling, for a book reading.[71]

In addition to being a venue that hosts sports, concerts and other events, the Rogers Centre also houses the head offices of a number of businesses. The Toronto Blue Jays have its office headquarters located in the building and until 2008, the Toronto Argonauts did as well. It is also the home of the head offices of Ticketmaster Canada and Zuffa Canada, the former also having the main Ticketmaster outlet (ticket centre) for eastern Canada, located at the south end of the building beside Gate 9.[72][73][74]

In addition, the building contains the Toronto Renaissance Hotel, a Premier Fitness/Health Club, a Rogers Plus store, (formerly) a Hard Rock Cafe, and Windows Restaurant. Starting in 2006, the Hard Rock Cafe only opened when there was a performance in the building, and closed altogether in 2009.[46] On non-event days, there are daily tours of the Rogers Centre.

Attendance records

Atlanta Braves vs. Toronto Blue Jays in the SkyDome on July 19, 1999.

Timeline

Panoramic view of Blue Jays game with open roof.

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The Toronto Argonauts hosting the Montreal Alouettes at Rogers Centre, home of the 100th Grey Cup.

Facts and figures

Left: Rogers Centre with roof closed
Right: Rogers Centre with roof opened
Evening baseball game in action from a bird's eye view

Baseball firsts

First game

Date: June 5, 1989[84]

Final score: Milwaukee Brewers 5, Toronto Blue Jays 3

Umpires: Rocky Roe (home), Mike Reilly (first base), Rich Garcia (second base), Dale Scott (third base)

Managers: Cito Gaston (Blue Jays), Tom Trebelhorn (Brewers)

Starting pitchers: Jimmy Key (Blue Jays), Don August (Brewers)

Attendance: 48,378[84]

Batting

Batter: Paul Molitor, Brewers[84]

Blue Jays Batter: Junior Félix

Hit: Paul Molitor, Brewers (double)[84]

Run: Paul Molitor, Brewers

Blue Jays Run: George Bell

RBI: Gary Sheffield, Brewers

Blue Jays RBI: Fred McGriff

Single: Kelly Gruber, Blue Jays

Double: Paul Molitor, Brewers

Triple: Jay Buhner, Mariners (June 18, 1989)[84]

Home run: Fred McGriff, Blue Jays (June 5, 1989)

Grand slam: Terry Steinbach, Athletics (July 16, 1989)[84]

Blue Jays grand slam: Glenallen Hill (September 1, 1989)

Inside-the-park home run: Rance Mulliniks, Blue Jays (July 11, 1991)[84]

Stolen base: Fred McGriff, Blue Jays (June 5, 1989)

Sacrifice hit: Robin Yount, Brewers (June 5, 1989)

Sacrifice fly: Robin Yount, Brewers (June 5, 1989)

Cycle: George Brett, Royals (July 25, 1990)[84]

Blue Jays cycle: Jeff Frye (August 17, 2001)

Pitching

Win: Don August

Blue Jays Win: John Cerutti (June 7, 1989)

Loss: Jimmy Key

Opposing Loss: Chris Bosio, Brewers (June 7, 1989)

Shutout: Bert Blyleven, Angels (July 18, 1989)

Blue Jays Shutout: John Cerutti (August 2, 1989)

Save: Dan Plesac, Brewers (June 5, 1989)

Blue Jays Save: David Wells (June 9, 1989)

Hit by pitch: Tony Fossas hit Lloyd Moseby, Brewers (June 7, 1989)[84]

Wild pitch: Jimmy Key, Blue Jays (June 5, 1989)[85]

Balk: Tony Fossas, Brewers (June 7, 1989)[84]

No-hitter: Dave Stewart, Athletics (June 29, 1990)[84]

The field level seating rotates on tracks to reconfigure for football and baseball.
  • The stadium roof has a patent, preventing its design from being easily copied: U.S. Patent #4676033. The patent was officially filed on May 1, 1986 and published June 30, 1987, to dome designers, architect Rod Robbie and structural engineer Michael Allen.[86]
  • To accommodate American fans, the United States dollar is accepted throughout the stadium.[87]
  • The original mascot of the stadium was a turtle by the name of Domer. Domer has not been widely used since the mid-90s, although he did make a return on June 6, 2014, to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Rogers Centre.
  • When the retractable roof is open, people standing on the observation deck of the nearby CN Tower can look down on the field.
  • 50 million people have visited SkyDome/Rogers Centre.
  • When the roof is open, 91% of the seats and 100% of the field is open to the sky, covering an area of 3.2 hectares (7.9 acres).
  • The roof weighs 11,000 tons, and is held together by 250,000 bolts.
  • The stadium's inward-looking hotel rooms have regular two-way windows, yielding instances of what some could consider indecent exposure. When SkyDome first opened, a couple engaging in sexual intercourse was televised on the scoreboard Jumbotron during a baseball game. Days later, a man was caught masturbating during a game in full view of the packed stands. The man, later tracked down by a Sports Illustrated reporter, calmly said, "I thought they were one-way windows." Patrons now have to sign contracts stipulating that they will not perform any lewd acts within view of the stadium.
  • When the stadium first opened, the Toronto Transit Commission was worried about the challenge of moving the large crowds. As a way to streamline the entry to the subway and to encourage public transit use to the stadium, all tickets for the first 30 days also worked as a Metropass.
  • The stadium corporation has been requested to help in the planning of other venues from the U.S., Netherlands, England, Australia, New Zealand, to Singapore, China and Germany (Source: Rogers Centre Press release).
  • It was the most expensive stadium in both the CFL and Major League Baseball, constructed at a price of C$570 million[3] (C$1.2 billion in 2024 dollars[5]). This record was passed by the New Yankee Stadium at a cost of US$1.5 billion. If Montreal's Olympic Stadium (which used to be the home field of the Expos, only used for CFL playoff games since the late 2000s) were counted, it would take the title, with a 1976 cost of C$1.6 billion (C$3.36 billion in 2024 dollars[5]).
  • Because of the orientation of the baseball playing field at Rogers Centre, when a player is at bat, the direction he is facing looks farther to the west than at any other Major League Baseball park.[88] This is due to the Rogers Centre being aligned to Toronto's grid that was laid out when the city was primarily rural; its grid north is approximately 18.5° west of true north.

See also

References

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  2. ^ Anderson, M.E. "The Skydome a/k/a Rogers Centre, turns 25". Sporting News. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "You win some, you lose some". CBC News. February 9, 2011. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
  4. ^ "Inside the venue: Toronto's Rogers Centre". ESPN. April 29, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h 1688 to 1923: Geloso, Vincent, A Price Index for Canada, 1688 to 1850 (December 6, 2016). Afterwards, Canadian inflation numbers based on Statistics Canada tables 18-10-0005-01 (formerly CANSIM 326-0021) "Consumer Price Index, annual average, not seasonally adjusted". Statistics Canada. Retrieved April 17, 2021. and table 18-10-0004-13 "Consumer Price Index by product group, monthly, percentage change, not seasonally adjusted, Canada, provinces, Whitehorse, Yellowknife and Iqaluit". Statistics Canada. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
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