1380s

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	13th century – 14th century – 15th century
Decades:	1350s 1360s 1370s – 1380s – 1390s 1400s 1410s
Years:	1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389
Categories:	Births – Deaths – Architecture Establishments – Disestablishments

1380s: events by year

Contents: 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389

January–December

• February – Olaf II of Denmark becomes Olaf IV of Norway, with his mother Margaret as regent. Iceland and the Faroe Islands, as parts of Norway, pass under the Danish crown.
• May 31 – Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogaila signs the secret Treaty of Dovydiškės with the Teutonic Knights. This sparks a civil war with his uncle Kęstutis.
• June 21 – Battle of Chioggia: the Venetian fleet defeats Genoeses.
• July 27 – Henry Bolingbroke marries Mary de Bohun at Arundel Castle.
• September 8 – Battle of Kulikovo: Russian forces under Grand Prince Dmitri Donskoi of Moscow resist a large invasion by the Blue Horde, Lithuania and Ryazan, stopping their advance at Kulikovo.
• September 16 – Charles V of France is succeeded by his twelve year old son, Charles VI.
• October 2 – Caterina Visconti marries her first cousin, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, later Duke of Milan, at the Church of San Giovanni in Conca.
• 3 November - Charles VI of France, who succeded his father, Charles V of France, in September is crowned.

Date unknown

• Sir William Walworth, a member of the Fishmongers Guild, becomes Lord Mayor of London for the second time.
• Khan Tokhtamysh of the White Horde dethrones Khan Mamai of the Blue Horde. The two hordes unite to form the Golden Horde.
• Karim Al-Makhdum arrives in Jolo and builds a Mosque.
• The Hongwu Emperor purges the chancellor of China, Hu Weiyong, and abolishes that office as he imposes direct imperial rule over the six ministries of central government for the Ming Empire.
• The last islands of Polynesia are discovered and inhabited.
• The Companhia das Naus is founded by King Ferdinand I of Portugal.

January–December

• May 12 – Charles of Durazzo executes the imprisoned Joan I of Naples and succeeds her as Charles III of Naples.
• August – The iconic painting The Black Madonna of Czestochowa is brought from Jerusalem to the Jasna Góra monastery in Poland.
• September – Following the death of Louis I of Hungary and Poland:
  • Louis' daughter Mary becomes Queen of Hungary.
  • The Poles, who do not wish to be ruled by Mary's fiancee, the future Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, choose Mary's younger sister, Jadwiga, to become ruler of Poland. After two years of negotiations, Jadwiga is eventually crowned "King" in 1384.
• September 30 – The inhabitants of Trieste (now in northern Italy) donate their city to Duke Leopold III of Austria.
• October – James I succeeds his nephew, Peter II, as King of Cyprus.
• November 27 – At the Battle of Roosebeke, a French army under Louis II of Flanders defeats the Flemings led by Philip van Artevelde.

Date unknown

• Khan Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde overruns Moscow, as punishment for Grand Prince Dmitri Donskoi's resistance to Khan Mamai of the Blue Horde in the 1370s. Dmitri Donskoi pledges his loyalty to Tokhtamysh and is allowed to remain as ruler of Moscow & Vladimir.
• John Wyclif's teachings are condemned by the Synod of London.
• The Ottomans take Sofia from the Bulgarians.
• After a five year revolt, Berkuk deposes Hajji II as Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, marking the end of the Bahri dynasty and the start of the Burji dynasty.
• Ibrahim I is selected to succeed Husheng as Shah of Shirvan (now Azerbaijan).
• Kęstutis, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, is taken prisoner by former Grand Duke Jogaila whilst meeting him to hold negotiations. Kęstutis is subsequently murdered and Jogaila regains rule of Lithuania.
• Ahmad deposes his brother, Husain, as ruler of the Jalayirid dynasty in western Persia.
• Rana Lakha succeeds Rana Kshetra Singh as ruler of Mewar (now part of western India).
• Konrad III Zöllner von Rotenstein succeeds Winrich von Kniprode as Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
• Balša II of Zeta (now Montenegro) conquers Albania.
• Dawit I succeeds his brother, Newaya Maryam, as Emperor of Ethiopia.
• Winchester College is founded in England.

January–December

• May 17 – King John I of Castile and Leon marries Beatrice of Portugal
• July 7 – The childless James of Baux, ruler of Taranto and Achaea and titular Latin Emperor, dies. As a result:
  • Charles III of Naples becomes ruler of Achaea (now southern Greece).
  • Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, the widower of Joan I of Naples, becomes ruler of Taranto (now eastern Italy).
  • Duke Louis I of Anjou inherits the claim to the Latin Empire (now western Turkey) but never uses the title of Emperor.
• October 22 – King Fernando I of Portugal dies and is succeeded by his daughter, Beatrice of Portugal. A period of civil war and anarchy, known as the 1383-1385 Crisis, begins in Portugal due to Beatrice being married to the King John I of Castile and Leon.

Date unknown

• The Teutonic Knights recommence war against pagan Lithuania.
• Rao Chanda succeeds Rao Biram Dev as Rathore ruler of Marwar (now in western India).
• Löwenbräu beer is first brewed.
• Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep Temple is built in present-day Thailand by King Kuena of Lanna.
• Construction of the Bastille is completed in Paris.

January–December

• May–September 3 – Lisbon is besieged by the Castilian army, during the 1383-1385 Crisis.
• August 16 – The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China hears a case of a couple who tore paper money notes while fighting over them. Under the law, this is considered to destroying stamped government documents, which is to be punished by a caning with a bamboo rod of 100 strokes. However, the Emperor decides to pardon them, on the grounds that it was unintentional.
• November 16 – Jadwiga is crowned "King" of Poland following the death of her father, King Louis, in 1382.

Date unknown

• The Hongwu Emperor of China reinstates the civil service examination system for drafting officials after suspending the examination system since 1373 in favor of a recommendation system to office.
• The Nasrid princes of Granada replace Abu al-Abbas with Abu Faris Musa ibn Faris as ruler of the Marinid dynasty in present day Morocco.
• Zain Al-Abidin succeeds his father, Shah Shuja, as ruler of the Muzaffarids in central Persia.
• Shortly before his death, John Wycliffe sends out tracts against Pope Urban VI, who had not turned out to be the reformist Wycliffe had hoped.
• Qara Muhammad succeeds Bairam Khawaja as ruler of the Turkomans of the Black Sheep Empire in present day Armenia and northern Iraq.
• Timur conquers northern territories of the Jalayirid Empire in western Persia.
• Katharine Lady Berkeley's School is founded in Gloucestershire, England.

January–December

• July 17 – Charles VI of France marries Isabeau of Bavaria
• August 14
  • Battle of Aljubarrota: John of Aviz defeats John I of Castile in the decisive battle of the 1383-1385 Crisis. John of Aviz is crowned King John I of Portugal, ending Queen Beatrice's rule, and Portugal's independence from Castile is secured.
  • The Union of Krewo establishes the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland and Lithuania through the proposed marriage of Queen Jadwiga of Poland and Grand Duke Jagiello of Lithuania, and sees the acceptance of Roman Catholicism by the Lithuanian elite.
• September 18 – Battle of Savra: Serbian forces under Balša II and Ivaniš Mrnjavčević are defeated by Ottoman commander Hayreddin Pasha near Berat.
• October 15 – The Battle of Valverde is fought between the armies of Portugal and Castile.

Date unknown

• The marriage of Charles VI of France and Isabella of Bavaria-Straubing is celebrated with France's first court ball.
• A group of Hungarian nobels help Charles III of Naples to overthrow Queen Mary as ruler of Hungary and Croatia.
• Scotland resists a small invasion force from England led by Richard II.
• Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde conquers parts the Jalayirid Empire in western Persia, causing a rift between himself and Timur of the Timurid Empire, who had also wanted to conquer Persia.
• Olav IV of Norway is elected as King of Sweden, in opposition to the unpopular King Albert.
• Construction of:
  • Castello Estense in Ferrara (present-day Italy)
  • Bodiam Castle (East Sussex, England)
• The Hongwu Emperor of China's Ming Dynasty relents after eighteen tribute missions over the previous eight years and agrees to invest King U of Goryeo.

January–December

• February 24 – Elizabeta Kotromanic, the mother of the overthrown Queen Mary of Hungary and Croatia, arranges the assassination of Charles of Durazzo, the ruler of Hungary, Naples, Achaea and Croatia, with the result that:
  • Mary is reinstated as Queen of Hungary and Croatia.
  • Charles' son, Ladislaus, becomes King of Naples.
  • A period of interregnum begins in Achaea, lasting until 1396. The rule of Achaea is sought by numerous pretenders, none of whom can be considered to have reigned.
• May 9 – King John I of Portugal and King Richard II of England ratify the Treaty of Windsor.
• May 20 – The city of Piteşti, now in Romania, is first mentioned.
• July 9 – Battle of Sempach: The Swiss safeguard independence from Habsburg rule.
• September 23 – Dan I of Wallachia (now southern Romania) is killed in battle against the Bulgarians and is succeeded by Mircea the Old.
• October 18 – Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, the oldest university in Germany, is founded.

Date unknown

• The mother and sister of Queen Jadwiga of Poland are kidnapped by Jadwiga's brother-in-law.
• Abu al-Abbas is reinstated as ruler of the Marinid dynasty in present day Morocco.
• John of Gaunt leaves England to make good his claim to the throne of Castile by right of his second marriage to Constanza of Castile in 1371.
• The Timurid Empire raids Georgia and takes King Bagrat V prisoner. Bagrat is subsequently freed by an army led by his son, George.
• Hundred Years War – Battle of Margate: The English defeat an invading French and Castilian naval force.
• The Venetians take control of the island of Corfu.
• Construction begins on the Brancacci Chapel in Florence.
• Rozhdestvensky monastery is built in Muscovy.

January–December

• January – Sigismund, the future Holy Roman Emperor and husband of Queen Mary of Hungary, orders the murder of his mother-in-law, Elizabeta Kotromanic, and declares himself joint ruler of Hungary.
• January 1 – Charles III ascends to the throne of Navarre after the death of his father, Charles II.
• January 5 – John I succeeds his father, Peter IV, as King of Aragon and Valencia, and forms an alliance with France and Castile.
• March 11 – Battle of Castagnaro between the Italian cities of Verona and Padua: Padua, led by John Hawkwood, is victorious over Giovanni Ordelaffi of Verona.
• June 2 – John Holland, a maternal half-brother of Richard II of England, is created Earl of Huntingdon.
• August 22 – Olaf, King of Norway and Denmark and claimant to the throne of Sweden, dies. The vacant thrones come under the regency of his mother Margaret I of Denmark, who will soon become Queen in her own right.
• December 19 – Battle of Radcot Bridge: Forces loyal to Richard II of England are defeated by a group of rebellious barons known as the Lords Appellant. Richard II is imprisoned until he agrees to replace all the councillors in his court.

Date unknown

• Timur conquers the Muzaffarid Empire in central Persia and appoints three puppet rulers.
• Khan Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde invades the Timurid Empire but has to soon after withdraw due to heavy snow.
• Magha II succeeds his brother, Musa II, as Mansa of the Mali Empire.

January–December

• February – The entire court of Richard II of England are convicted of treason by the Merciless Parliament, under the influence of the Lords Appellant, and are all either executed or exiled. Richard II effectively becomes a puppet of the Lords Appellant.
• April 9 – Battle of Näfels: Glarus in alliance with the Old Swiss Confederation decisively defeat the Habsburgs, despite being outnumbered sixteen to one.
• August 5 – Battle of Otterburn: A Scottish army, led by James Douglas, defeats an English army, capturing the their leader, Harry Hotspur. Douglas is killed during the battle.
• August 27 – Battle of Bileća: Bosnians check Ottoman advance.

Date unknown

• The Wyclif Bible is completed by John Purvey, and Wyclif's followers, known as the Lollards, begin to be persecuted.
• John of Gaunt, the uncle of Richard II of England, makes peace with Castile and gives up his claim to the Castilian throne by allowing his daughter Katherine of Lancaster to marry Prince Henry, the eldest son of John I of Castile.
• Ramesuan is reinstated as King of Ayutthaya (now southern Thailand) after dethroning and executing 17 year-old King Thong Chan.
• Goryeo Revolution: General Yi Seonggye begins a four year revolution in Goryeo (now Korea) after being ordered by King U of Goryeo to attack the superior Chinese army.
• Goryeo Revolution: King U of Goryeo is forced from power and replaced by his son Chang.
• A Chinese invasion force under General Lan Yu defeats a large Mongolian army under Khan Toghus Temur and captures 100 members of the Yuan royal family. Toghus Temur is killed whilst trying to escape and is succeeded as Khan of Mongolia by his rival, Jorightu.
• An invading Chinese army destroys Karakorum, the capital city of the Mongolian Empire.
• Tran Ngung overthrows Tran Hien as King of Vietnam.
• Omar I is succeeded by Sa'id as King of the Kanem-Bornu Empire (now east Chad and Nigeria). Sa'id is succeeded in the same year by Kade Alunu. Omar and Sa'id are both killed by Bilala invaders from the west.
• Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II succeeds Firuz Shah Tughluq as Sultan of Delhi.
• Charles VI of France takes full control of government, ending the regency of his uncle, Philip the Bold.
• The University of Cologne is established (now the largest university in Germany).
• Cozia Monastery is built in Wallacia.
• Ljubostinja Monastery is built in Serbia.

January–December

• February 24 – Queen Margaret of Norway and Denmark defeats Albert of Sweden in battle and becomes ruler of all three kingdoms. Albert is deposed from the Swedish throne and taken prisoner.
• June 28 – Battle of Kosovo between Serbs and their Christian allies against Ottoman Turks: Both Emperor Murad I and the Serbian Prince Lazar are killed in battle.
  • Beyazid I (1389–1402) succeeds his father Murad I (1359–1389) as Ottoman Emperor.
  • Stefan III succeeds his father as ruler of Serbia.
• May 19 – Vasili I becomes Grand Prince of Moscow after the death of his father, Dmitri Donskoi.
• November 2 – Pope Boniface IX succeeds Pope Urban VI as the 203rd pope.

Date unknown

• Goryeo Revolution 1388–1392: King Chang of Goryeo is forced from power and replaced by King Gongyang. The ten year-old Chang and his predecessor, U, are both assassinated later in the year.
• Hadji II is restored as Mamluk Sultan of Egypt after overthrowing Sultan Barquq.
• Hundred Years' War: England and France sign a truce, ending the second phase of the war.
• Supported by Antipope John XXIII, Louis II overthrows the underage King Ladislaus as King of Naples.
• Wikramawardhana succeeds Hayam Wuruk as ruler of the Majapahit Empire (now Indonesia).
• The unpopular Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II of Delhi is murdered and succeeded by his brother, Abu Bakr Shah.
• Biri II succeeds Kade Alunu as King of the Kanem-Bornu Empire (now eastern Chad and Nigeria) and the Empire loses its land in present-day Chad to the Bilala.
• Sandaki overthrows Magha II as Mansa of the Mali Empire.
• Abd ar-Rahmân II succeeds Musa II as ruler of the Ziyanid Dynasty in present-day western Algeria.
• Abu Tashufin II succeeds his nephew, Abu Hammu II, as ruler of the Abdalwadid Dynasty in present-day eastern Algeria.
• Carmo Convent is built in Lisbon.

Births

• 1380
  • February 11 – Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini, Italian humanist (d. 1459)
  • September 8 – Saint Bernardino of Siena, Italian Franciscan missionary (d. 1444)
  • Ghiyath al-Kashi, Persian astronomer and mathematician (d. 1429)
  • Thomas à Kempis, German monk and writer (d. 1471)

• 1381
  • May 9 – Johann Schiltberger, German traveller and writer (d. 1440)
  • October 13 – Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English politician (d. 1415)
  • John I, Duke of Bourbon (d. 1434)
  • Saint Rita of Cascia (d. 1457)

• 1382
  • Frederick IV of Austria, Regent of Tyrol and Further Austria (d. 1439)
  • Dawit I of Ethiopia (d. 1413)
  • Eric of Pomerania, King of Norway, Sweden and Denmark (d. 1459)
  • Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (d. 1439)

• 1383
  • Amadeus VIII of Savoy (d. 1451)
  • Pope Eugene IV (d. 1447)
  • Anne of Gloucester, English noblewoman (d. 1438)

• 1384
  • Antoine, Duke of Brabant (d. 1415)
  • St Frances of Rome (d. 1440)
  • Khalil Sultan, Timurid ruler in Transoxiana (d. 1411)

• 1385
  • John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel (d. 1421)
  • Jan van Eyck, Flemish painter (approximate date; died 1441)
  • Margaret Holland, English noblewoman (d. 1429)

• 1386
  • Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Japanese shogun (d. 1428)
  • Giovanni da Capistrano, Italian saint (d. 1456)
  • Donatello, Italian artist (d. 1466)
  • Mircea cel Batran, ruler of Wallachia (d. 1418)
  • Niccolò Piccinino, Italian mercenary (d. 1444)

• 1387
  • King Henry V of England (d. 1422)
  • King Charles III of Navarre (d. 1425)
  • Isabella of Valois, Princess of France (d. 1410)

• 1388
  • Claudius Clavus, Danish geographer
  • Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV of England (d. 1421)
  • Juliana Berners, English writer
  • Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury (d. 1428)

• 1389
  • John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, son of Henry IV of England, regent of England (d. 1435)
  • Cosimo de' Medici, ruler of Florence (d. 1464)
  • John VI, Duke of Brittany (d. 1442)
  • Zbigniew Oleśnicki, Polish cardinal and statesman (d. 1455)
  • Antoninus of Florence, Italian archbishop

Deaths

• 1380
  • Philippa Plantagenet, Countess of Ulster (b. 1355)
  • Saint Catherine of Siena (b. 1347)
  • Emperor Komyo of Japan (b. 1322)
  • King Charles V of France (b. 1338)
  • Bertrand du Guesclin, Constable of France
  • Dafydd ap Gwilym, Welsh poet
  • Haakon VI of Norway (b. 1340)
  • Nissim of Gerona, rabbi (b. 1320)

• 1381
  • St Catherine of Sweden
  • Simon Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury
  • John Cavendish, English jurist
  • John of Ruysbroeck, Flemish mystic (b. 1293)
  • Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March (b. 1351)
  • Wat Tyler, English rebel

• 1382
  • Janusz Suchywilk, Polish nobleman
  • Joan I of Naples (b. 1327)
  • Kestutis, Grand Prince of Lithuania (b. 1297)
  • Eleanor of Aragon, queen of John I of Castile (b. 1358)
  • Peter II of Cyprus, called The Fat
  • Philip van Artevelde, Flemish patriot (b. 1340)
  • Louis I of Hungary (b. 1326)
  • Nicole Oresme, French philosopher (b. 1325)

• 1383
  • Amadeus VI of Savoy (b. 1334)
  • Thomas de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros (b. 1338)
  • John VI Cantacuzenus, Byzantine emperor (b. c. 1292)
  • King Fernando I of Portugal (b. 1345)

• 1384
  • Geert Groote, Dutch preacher and founder of the Brethren of the Common Life (b. 1340)
  • John Wyclif, English theologian and Bible translator (b. 1328)
  • Ruaidri mac Tairdelbach Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht
  • Joanna of Dreux, countess of Penthièvre and nominal Duchess of Brittany (b. 1319)
  • John of Fordun, Scottish chronicler
  • Kanami, Japanese Noh actor and playwright (b. 1333)
  • Lubart, King of Galicia
  • Peter of Enghien, Count of Lecce

• 1385 – Joan of Kent, wife of Edward, the Black Prince (b. 1328)

• 1386
  • Duke Leopold III of Austria (b. 1351)
  • James Audley, English knight

• 1387
  • Franz Ackerman, Flemish statesman (b. 1330)
  • Olaf IV of Norway/Olaf III of Denmark (b. 1370)
  • Peter IV of Aragon (b. 1319)
  • Richard Og Burke, second Clanricarde
  • Peter de la Mare, English politician
  • King Charles II of Navarre (b. 1332)

• 1388
  • Simon de Burley, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
  • James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas
  • Thomas Usk, English author

• 1389
  • Murad I, emperor of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1319)
  • Prince Lazar, Prince of Serbia
  • Pope Urban VI (b. c. 1318)
  • Dimitri Donskoi, Russian tsar
  • Isabel Macduff, 9th Countess of Fife
  • Hayam Wuruk, Ruler of the Majapahit Empire on Java (b. 1334)