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The Scientific Advice Mechanism is a service created by the European Commission which provides independent science advice on request directly to European Commissioners.^[1]

The Mechanism consists of three parts: the Group of Chief Scientific Advisors, an expert group consisting of up to seven leading scientists;^[2] SAPEA, a consortium of five European academy networks collectively representing around 120 academies and learned societies across Europe;^[3] and a unit within the European Commission (Unit RTD.02 Science Policy, Advice and Ethics) which serves as a secretariat to the Advisors.^[4]

Group of Chief Scientific Advisors

The core of the Scientific Advice Mechanism is the European Commission's Group of Chief Scientific Advisors, an expert group consisting of up to seven leading scientists, selected by the European Commission assisted by an independent identification committee. The Advisors are supported by a dedicated secretariat, Unit RTD.02, informally known as the "SAM Unit", staffed by the Directorate-General for Research and Innovation and Joint Research Centre.

The Group of Chief Scientific Advisors currently consists of the following six members, with one vacancy as of June 2023:

Name	Role in the Group	Academic position	University or institution
Nicole Grobert^[5]	Chair	Professor of Nanomaterials	University of Oxford
Maarja Kruusmaa^[6]		Vice-rector for research and Professor of biorobotics	Tallinn University of Technology
Eric\|Lambin}^[7]		Professor of Geography and Sustainability Science	Université catholique de Louvain and Stanford University
Alberto Melloni^[8]		Professor of the history of Christianity; holder of the UNESCO Chair on Religious Pluralism and Peace	University of Modena/Reggio Emilia; University of Bologna
Nebojsa Nakicenovic^[9]	deputy chair	Director	The World in 2050
Eva Zažímalová^[10]		Professor of Plant Anatomy and Physiology	Institute of Experimental Botany at the Czech Academy of Sciences

Previous members of the Group of Chief Scientific Advisors include:^[11]

Julia Slingo (2015–2016)
Henrik Wegener (2015–2017)
Cédric Villani (2015–2017)
Janusz Bujnicki (2015–2020)
Pearl Dykstra (2015-2020)
Rolf-Dieter Heuer (2015-2020)
Carina Keskitalo (2016-2021)
Paul Nurse (2016-2021)
Éva Kondorosi (2020-2023)

SAPEA

SAPEA brings together around 120 academies, young academies and learned societies. Its role as part of the Scientific Advice Mechanism is to provide high-quality, independent evidence to underpin the Scientific Opinions produced by the Chief Scientific Advisors. SAPEA has the ability to convene Fellows from some 40 countries across Europe, spanning the disciplines of engineering, humanities, medicine, natural sciences and social sciences.

The SAPEA consortium brings together five umbrella networks jointly representing Europe's academies:

At present, SAPEA is funded by a grant from the European Union's Horizon Europe programme through to the end of 2024.^[17]

Scientific advice

The Scientific Advice Mechanism has issued advice in the form of Scientific Opinions, explanatory notes or statements, supported by evidence review reports, on the following topics:^[18]

Topic	Date	Evidence review and scientific opinion
Glyphosate	June 2016	[1]
Light-duty vehicle real-drive CO2 emissions	November 2016	[2]
Cyber-security in the European Digital Single Market	March 2017	[3]
New techniques in agricultural biotechnology	April 2017	[4]
Food from the oceans	November 2017	[5]
Novel carbon capture and utilisation technologies: research and climate aspects	May 2018	[6]
Authorisation processes of plant protection products in Europe	June 2018	[7]
A scientific perspective on microplastics in nature and society	January 2019	[8]
Transforming the future of ageing	July 2019	[9]
Making sense of science for policy under conditions of complexity and uncertainty	July 2019	[10]
Towards a sustainable food system for Europe	April 2020	[11]
Adaptation to climate change-related health effects	June 2020	[12]
COVID-19, future pandemics and other crises in the global context	November 2020	[13]
Biodegradability of plastics in the open environment	December 2020	[14]
A systemic approach to the energy transition in Europe	June 2021	[15]
Improving cancer screening in the European Union	March 2022	[16]
Strategic crisis management (with European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies)	November 2022	[17]
Sustainable food consumption	June 2023	[18]
Solar radiation modification	(expected) Autumn 2024	[19]
Artificial intelligence in science	(expected) Autumn 2024	[20]

History

Until 2016, science advice in the European Commission was provided by a single Chief Scientific Advisor who reported directly to the President of the European Commission. The last Chief Scientific Advisor, serving from 2012 to 2014, was Dame Anne Glover.

On 1 November 2014, European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker asked Carlos Moedas, Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science in his mission letter to "make sure that Commission proposals and activities are based on sound scientific evidence and contribute best to our jobs and growth agenda".^[19] Following this, on 13 May 2015, Juncker announced the establishment of the Scientific Advice Mechanism. The first seven members of the Advisors were identified, following a European call for nominations, in January 2016.

In December 2016, SAPEA was officially launched to support the Advisors by providing scientific evidence review reports.

References

^ "Who we are – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^ "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^ "Academies and Networks – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^ "About the secretariat – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^ "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^ "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^ "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^ "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^ "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^ "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^ "Members of the Group of Chief Scientific Advisors". research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
^ "Academy of Europe: SAPEA". ae-info.org. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
^ "SAPEA: Science Advice for Policy by European Academies -". Retrieved 28 March 2019.
^ "SAM: Scientific Advice Mechanism". euro-case.org. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
^ "SAPEA | FEAM". feam.eu. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
^ "YASAS is joining the SAPEA project – SAPEA". Retrieved 18 November 2022.
^ European Commission. "CORDIS: Science Advice for Policy by European Academies". CORDIS: Science Advice for Policy by European Academies. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
^ "Advice – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^ Juncker, Jean-Claude (1 November 2014). "Mission letter to Commissioner Moedas" (PDF). European Commission.

External links

[1] "Who we are – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.

[2] "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.

[3] "Academies and Networks – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.

[4] "About the secretariat – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.

[5] "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.

[6] "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.

[7] "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.

[8] "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.

[9] "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.

[10] "About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.

[11] "Members of the Group of Chief Scientific Advisors". research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 1 June 2023.

[12] "Academy of Europe: SAPEA". ae-info.org. Retrieved 28 March 2019.

[13] "SAPEA: Science Advice for Policy by European Academies -". Retrieved 28 March 2019.

[14] "SAM: Scientific Advice Mechanism". euro-case.org. Retrieved 28 March 2019.

[15] "SAPEA | FEAM". feam.eu. Retrieved 28 March 2019.

[16] "YASAS is joining the SAPEA project – SAPEA". Retrieved 18 November 2022.

[17] European Commission. "CORDIS: Science Advice for Policy by European Academies". CORDIS: Science Advice for Policy by European Academies. Retrieved 18 November 2022.

[18] "Advice – Scientific Advice Mechanism". Retrieved 10 October 2023.

[19] Juncker, Jean-Claude (1 November 2014). "Mission letter to Commissioner Moedas" (PDF). European Commission.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
+The '''Scientific Advice Mechanism''' is a service created by the [[European Commission]] which provides independent [[science advice]] on request directly to [[European Commissioner]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are – Scientific Advice Mechanism |url=https://scientificadvice.eu/about-us/scientific-advice-mechanism/who-we-are/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
-The '''Scientific Advice Mechanism''' is a service created by the [[European Commission]] which provides independent [[science advice]] directly to [[European Commissioner]]s to inform their decision-making.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/research/sam/index.cfm?pg=about|title=About the Scientific Advice Mechanism {{!}} SAM – Research and Innovation – European Commission|publisher=European Commission|access-date=2019-03-28}}</ref> The Mechanism consists of three parts: the '''Group of Chief Scientific Advisors''', an expert group consisting of up to seven leading scientists;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/group-chief-scientific-advisors/members-group-chief-scientific-advisors_en|title=Group of Chief Scientific Advisors {{!}} SAM – Research and Innovation – European Commission|publisher=European Commission|access-date=2019-03-28}}</ref> '''SAPEA''', a consortium of five European academy networks collectively representing around 120 [[National academy|academies]] and learned societies across [[Europe]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sapea.info/about-us/|title=About us {{!}} SAPEA|website=sapea.info|access-date=2019-03-28}}</ref> and a unit within the European Commission (Unit RTD.02 Science Policy, Advice and Ethics) which serves as a secretariat to the Advisors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Science Policy, Advice and Ethics - EU Whoiswho - Publications Office of the EU |url=https://op.europa.eu/en/web/who-is-who/organization/-/organization/RTD/COM_CRF_243768 |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=EU Whoiswho |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+The Mechanism consists of three parts: the '''Group of Chief Scientific Advisors''', an expert group consisting of up to seven leading scientists;<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism |url=https://scientificadvice.eu/about-us/group-of-chief-scientific-advisors/about-the-advisors/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''SAPEA''', a consortium of five European academy networks collectively representing around 120 [[National academy|academies]] and learned societies across [[Europe]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=Academies and Networks – Scientific Advice Mechanism |url=https://scientificadvice.eu/about-us/sapea/academies-and-networks/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref> and a unit within the European Commission (Unit RTD.02 Science Policy, Advice and Ethics) which serves as a secretariat to the Advisors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the secretariat – Scientific Advice Mechanism |url=https://scientificadvice.eu/about-us/sam-secretariat/about-the-secretariat/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
-==History==
-Until 2016, science advice in the [[European Commission]] was provided by a single Chief Scientific Advisor who reported directly to the [[President of the European Commission]]. The last Chief Scientific Advisor, serving from 2012 to 2014, was [[Anne Glover (biologist)|Dame Anne Glover]].
-On 1 November 2014, European Commission President [[Jean-Claude Juncker]] asked [[Carlos Moedas]], Commissioner for [[European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science|Research, Innovation and Science]] in his mission letter to "make sure that Commission proposals and activities are based on sound scientific evidence and contribute best to our jobs and growth agenda".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/sites/cwt/files/commissioner_mission_letters/moedas_en.pdf|title=Mission letter to Commissioner Moedas|last=Juncker|first=Jean-Claude|date=2014-11-01|publisher=European Commission}}</ref> Following this, on 13 May 2015, Juncker announced the establishment of the Scientific Advice Mechanism. The first seven members of the Advisors were identified, following a European call for nominations, in January 2016.
-In December 2016, SAPEA was officially launched to support the Advisors by providing scientific evidence review reports.
+==Group of Chief Scientific Advisors==
-==Structure==
-===Group of Chief Scientific Advisors===
 The core of the Scientific Advice Mechanism is the European Commission's Group of Chief Scientific Advisors, an expert group consisting of up to seven leading scientists, selected by the European Commission assisted by an independent identification committee. The Advisors are supported by a dedicated secretariat, Unit RTD.02, informally known as the "SAM Unit", staffed by the [[Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Research and Innovation]] and [[Joint Research Centre]].
@@ Line 26: / Line 20: @@
 ! [[University]] or institution
 |-
-| {{sortname|Nicole|Grobert}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/group-chief-scientific-advisors/members-group-chief-scientific-advisors_en|title=Group of Chief Scientific Advisors {{!}} SAM – Research and Innovation – European Commission|publisher=European Commission|access-date=2019-03-28}}</ref>
+| {{sortname|Nicole|Grobert}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism |url=https://scientificadvice.eu/about-us/group-of-chief-scientific-advisors/about-the-advisors/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 | [[File:Nicole Grobert.jpg|thumb]]
 | Chair
@@ Line 32: / Line 26: @@
 | [[University of Oxford]]
 |-
-| {{sortname|Maarja|Kruusmaa}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/group-chief-scientific-advisors/members-group-chief-scientific-advisors_en|title=Group of Chief Scientific Advisors {{!}} SAM – Research and Innovation – European Commission|publisher=European Commission|access-date=2020-11-18}}</ref>
+| {{sortname|Maarja|Kruusmaa}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism |url=https://scientificadvice.eu/about-us/group-of-chief-scientific-advisors/about-the-advisors/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 | [[File:Maarja Kruusmaa.jpg|thumb]]
 |
@@ Line 38: / Line 32: @@
 | [[Tallinn University of Technology]]
 |-
-| {{sortname|Eric|Lambin}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/group-chief-scientific-advisors/members-group-chief-scientific-advisors_en|title=Group of Chief Scientific Advisors {{!}} SAM – Research and Innovation – European Commission|publisher=European Commission|access-date=2021-05-26}}</ref>
+| {{sortname|Eric|Lambin}<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism |url=https://scientificadvice.eu/about-us/group-of-chief-scientific-advisors/about-the-advisors/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 | [[File:Eric Lambin.jpg|thumb]]
 |
@@ Line 44: / Line 38: @@
 | [[Université catholique de Louvain]] and [[Stanford University]]
 |-
-| {{sortname|Alberto|Melloni}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/group-chief-scientific-advisors/members-group-chief-scientific-advisors_en|title=Group of Chief Scientific Advisors {{!}} SAM – Research and Innovation – European Commission|publisher=European Commission|access-date=2020-11-18}}</ref>
+| {{sortname|Alberto|Melloni}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism |url=https://scientificadvice.eu/about-us/group-of-chief-scientific-advisors/about-the-advisors/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 | [[File:Alberto Melloni.jpg|thumb]]
 |
@@ Line 50: / Line 44: @@
 | [[University of Modena]]/Reggio Emilia; [[University of Bologna]]
 |-
-| {{sortname|Nebojsa|Nakicenovic}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/group-chief-scientific-advisors/members-group-chief-scientific-advisors_en|title=Group of Chief Scientific Advisors {{!}} SAM – Research and Innovation – European Commission|publisher=European Commission|access-date=2020-11-18}}</ref>
+| {{sortname|Nebojsa|Nakicenovic}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism |url=https://scientificadvice.eu/about-us/group-of-chief-scientific-advisors/about-the-advisors/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 | [[File:Nebojsa Nakicenovic.jpg|thumb]]
 | deputy chair
@@ Line 56: / Line 50: @@
 | [[The World in 2050]]
 |-
-| {{sortname|Eva|Zažímalová}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/group-chief-scientific-advisors/members-group-chief-scientific-advisors_en|title=Group of Chief Scientific Advisors {{!}} SAM – Research and Innovation – European Commission|publisher=European Commission|access-date=2021-05-26}}</ref>
+| {{sortname|Eva|Zažímalová}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Advisors – Scientific Advice Mechanism |url=https://scientificadvice.eu/about-us/group-of-chief-scientific-advisors/about-the-advisors/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 | [[File:Eva Zažímalová.jpg|thumb]]
 |
@@ Line 74: / Line 68: @@
 * [[Éva Kondorosi]] (2020-2023)
+==SAPEA==
-===Science Advice for Policy by European Academies (SAPEA)===
 SAPEA brings together around 120 [[National academy|academies]], young academies and learned societies. Its role as part of the Scientific Advice Mechanism is to provide high-quality, independent evidence to underpin the Scientific Opinions produced by the Chief Scientific Advisors. SAPEA has the ability to convene Fellows from some 40 countries across Europe, spanning the disciplines of engineering, humanities, medicine, natural sciences and social sciences.
@@ Line 87: / Line 81: @@
 ==Scientific advice==
-The Scientific Advice Mechanism has issued advice in the form of Scientific Opinions, explanatory notes or statements, supported by evidence review reports, on the following topics:
+The Scientific Advice Mechanism has issued advice in the form of Scientific Opinions, explanatory notes or statements, supported by evidence review reports, on the following topics:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advice – Scientific Advice Mechanism |url=https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:#555;"
@@ Line 97: / Line 91: @@
 | [[Glyphosate]]
 | {{Dts|June 2016}}
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/glyphosate/]
-| [https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/group-chief-scientific-advisors/glyphosate_en]
 |-
 | Light-duty vehicle real-drive [[CO2]] emissions
 | {{Dts|November 2016}}
-| [https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/group-chief-scientific-advisors/light-duty-vehicle-real-drive-co2-emissions_en]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/light-duty-vehicle-real-drive-co2-emissions/]
 |-
 | [[Computer security|Cyber-security]] in the European [[Digital Single Market]]
 | {{Dts|March 2017}}
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/cybersecurity/]
-| [https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/group-chief-scientific-advisors/cybersecurity_en]
 |-
 | New techniques in [[agricultural biotechnology]]
 | {{Dts|April 2017}}
-| [https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/group-chief-scientific-advisors/new-techniques-agricultural-biotechnology_en]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/new-techniques-in-agricultural-biotechnology/]
 |-
 | Food from the oceans
 | {{Dts|November 2017}}
-| [https://www.sapea.info/topic/food-from-the-oceans/]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/food-from-the-oceans/]
 |-
 | Novel [[Carbon capture and utilization|carbon capture and utilisation]] technologies: research and climate aspects
 | {{Dts|May 2018}}
-| [https://www.sapea.info/topic/carbon-capture/]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/novel-carbon-capture-and-utilisation-technologies/]
 |-
 | Authorisation processes of [[pesticide|plant protection product]]s in Europe
 | {{Dts|June 2018}}
-| [https://www.sapea.info/topic/plant-protection/]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/improving-authorisation-processes-for-plant-protection-products-in-europe/]
-|-
-| Statement on the regulation of [[Genome editing|gene editing]]
-| {{Dts|November 2018}}
-| [https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/2018_11_gcsa_statement_gene_editing_2.pdf]
 |-
 | A scientific perspective on [[microplastics]] in nature and society
 | {{Dts|January 2019}}
-| [https://www.sapea.info/topic/microplastics/]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/a-scientific-perspective-on-microplastics-in-nature-and-society/]
 |-
 | Transforming the future of ageing
 | {{Dts|July 2019}}
-| [https://www.sapea.info/topic/ageing/]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/transforming-the-future-of-ageing/]
 |-
 | Making sense of science for policy under conditions of complexity and uncertainty
 | {{Dts|July 2019}}
-| [https://www.sapea.info/topic/making-sense-of-science/]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/making-sense-of-science-for-policy-under-conditions-of-complexity-and-uncertainty/]
 |-
 | Towards a [[sustainable food system]] for Europe
 | {{Dts|April 2020}}
-| [https://www.sapea.info/topic/food/]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/a-sustainable-food-system-for-the-european-union/]
 |-
 | [[Climate change adaptation|Adaptation to climate change]]-related health effects
 | {{Dts|June 2020}}
-| [https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/group-chief-scientific-advisors/adaptation-climate-change-related-health-effects_en]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/adaptation-to-climate-change-related-health-effects/]
 |-
 | [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19]], future [[pandemic]]s and other crises in the global context
 | {{Dts|November 2020}}
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/covid-19/]
-| [https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/support-policy-making/scientific-support-eu-policies/group-chief-scientific-advisors/covid-19-future-pandemics-and-other-crises-global-context_en]
 |-
 | [[Biodegradable plastic|Biodegradability of plastics]] in the open environment
 | {{Dts|December 2020}}
-| [https://www.sapea.info/topic/biodegradability-of-plastics/]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/biodegradability-of-plastics-in-the-open-environment/]
 |-
 | A systemic approach to the [[energy transition]] in Europe
 | June 2021
-| [https://www.sapea.info/topic/energy/]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/a-systemic-approach-to-the-energy-transition-in-europe/]
 |-
 | Improving [[cancer screening]] in the European Union
 | March 2022
-| [https://www.sapea.info/topic/cancer-screening/]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/improving-cancer-screening-in-the-european-union/]
 |-
 | Strategic crisis management (with [[European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies]])
 | November 2022
-| [https://www.sapea.info/topic/crisis-management/]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/strategic-crisis-management-in-the-eu/]
 |-
 | Sustainable food consumption
 | June 2023
-| [https://sapea.info/topic/food-consumption/]
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/towards-sustainable-food-consumption/]
+|-
+| Solar radiation modification
+| (expected) Autumn 2024
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/solar-radiation-modification/]
+|-
+| Artificial intelligence in science
+| (expected) Autumn 2024
+| [https://scientificadvice.eu/advice/artificial-intelligence-in-science/]
 |}
+==History==
+Until 2016, science advice in the [[European Commission]] was provided by a single Chief Scientific Advisor who reported directly to the [[President of the European Commission]]. The last Chief Scientific Advisor, serving from 2012 to 2014, was [[Anne Glover (biologist)|Dame Anne Glover]].
+On 1 November 2014, European Commission President [[Jean-Claude Juncker]] asked [[Carlos Moedas]], Commissioner for [[European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science|Research, Innovation and Science]] in his mission letter to "make sure that Commission proposals and activities are based on sound scientific evidence and contribute best to our jobs and growth agenda".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/sites/cwt/files/commissioner_mission_letters/moedas_en.pdf|title=Mission letter to Commissioner Moedas|last=Juncker|first=Jean-Claude|date=2014-11-01|publisher=European Commission}}</ref> Following this, on 13 May 2015, Juncker announced the establishment of the Scientific Advice Mechanism. The first seven members of the Advisors were identified, following a European call for nominations, in January 2016.
+In December 2016, SAPEA was officially launched to support the Advisors by providing scientific evidence review reports.
 ==References==

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