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|[[Iapetus (moon)|Iapetus]]<sup>†</sup> <br/><small> Uranus VIII</small>
|[[Iapetus (moon)|Iapetus]]<sup>†</sup> <br/><small> Saturn VIII</small>
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Revision as of 16:05, 7 April 2009

Template:Lists of Solar System objects

The image is of the masses of the heaviest objects

This is a list of Solar System objects by size, arranged in descending order of mean volumetric radius. The list can also be sorted according to an object's mass and, for the largest objects, volume and surface gravity. This list contains the Sun, the planets, all known dwarf planets and dwarf planet candidates, the largest asteroids (including the largest for the various sub-populations, such as centaurs and Trojans), all named natural satellites, and a number of other objects of historical or scientific interest, such as comets and near-Earth objects.

The ordering is different depending on whether one chooses radius or mass, because some objects are denser than others. For instance Uranus is bigger than Neptune but less massive, and although Ganymede and Titan are larger than Mercury, they have less than half its mass. Some objects in the lower tables, despite their small radii, are more massive than objects in the upper tables because they have a higher density.

Several new trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) have been discovered of significant size. While their radius remains provisional due to the recency of discovery, and is often expressed as a range, the approximate locations in this list are shown.

All Solar System objects more massive than 1021 kilograms (one yottagram [Yg]) are known or expected to be approximately spherical. Astronomical bodies relax into rounded shapes (ellipsoids), achieving hydrostatic equilibrium, when the gravity of their mass is sufficient to overcome the structural strength of their material. However, objects made of ice become regular more easily than those made of rock, and many icy objects are spheroidal at far lower masses. The cutoff boundary for regularity appears to roughly coincide with the 200 km radius.[1]

The larger objects in the mass range between 1018 kg to 1021 kg (1 to 1000 Zettagrams (Zg)) such as Tethys, Ceres, and Mimas, have relaxed to an equilibrium oblate spheroid due to their gravity, while the less massive rubble piles (e. g. Amalthea and Janus) are roughly rounded, but not spherical, dubbed "irregular".

Spheroidal bodies typically have some polar flattening due to the centrifugal force from their rotation, but a characteristic feature of the "irregular"-shaped bodies is that there is a significant difference in the length of their two equatorial diameters.

There appears to be difficulty in figuring out the diameter (within a factor of about 2) for typical objects beyond Saturn. (See 2060 Chiron as an example.) For TNOs there is some confidence in the diameters, but for non-binary TNOs there is no real confidence in the "unreferenced wiki-assumed" masses/densities. Many TNOs are just assumed to have a density of 2.0 g/cm³, though it is just as likely that they have a comet like density of only 0.5 g/cm³.[2] Thus most provisional TNOs are not given a MEarth value to prevent from cluttering the list with too many assumptions that could be off by an order of magnitude. For example if a TNO is poorly assumed to have a mass of 3.59×1020 kg based on a radius of 350 km with a density of 2 g/cm³ and is later discovered to only have a radius of 175 km with a density of 1 g/cm³, the mass estimate would be only 2.24×1019 kg.

The sizes and masses of many of Jupiter and Saturns moons are fairly well known due to numerous observations and interactions of the Galileo and Cassini orbiters. But many of the moons with a radius less than ~100 km, such as Jupiter's Himalia, still have unknown masses with assumed densities.[3] Again, as we get further from the Sun than Saturn, things get less clear. There has not yet been an orbiter around Uranus or Neptune for long-term study of the moons. For the small outer irregular moons of Uranus, such as Sycorax, which were not discovered by the Voyager 2 flyby, even different NASA web pages, such as the National Space Science Data Center[4] and JPL Solar System Dynamics,[3] have somewhat contradictory size and albedo estimates depending on which research paper is being cited.

Data for those objects smaller than Miranda are less reliable due to uncertainties in the figures for mass and radius, and irregularities in the shape and density of the objects listed.

List

Objects above ~200 km in radius

These objects hypothetically lie above the boundary for hydrostatic equilibrium. As such, all values calculated assuming sphericity.

Body Image Mean radius
(km) 		Mean radius
(R♁) 		Volume
(109 km³) 		Volume
(V♁) 		Mass
×1021 kg
(Yg) 		Mass
(M♁) 		Surface gravity (m/s²) Surface gravity (♁) Type of object Shape
Sun 696,000 109.25 1,412,000,000 1,303,781 1989100000 332837 274.0 28.02 Star regular
Jupiter♃ 69,911 10.97 1,431,280 1,321 1898600 317.83 24.79 2.535 Planet regular
Saturn♄ 58,232 9.14 827,130 764 568460 95.159 10.445 1.06 Planet regular
Uranus♅ 25,362 3.98 68,340 63.1 86832 14.536 8.87 0.9 Planet regular
Neptune♆ 24,622 3.87 62,540 57.7 102430 17.147 11.15 1.140 Planet regular
Earth ⊕ 6,371.0 1 1,083.21 1 5973.6 1 9.78033 1 Planet regular
Venus♀ 6,051.8 0.950 928.43 0.857 4868.5 0.815 8.872 0.9 Planet regular
Mars♂ 3,390.0 0.532 163.18 0.151 641.85 0.107 3.7 0.38 Planet regular
Ganymede †
Jupiter III 		2,631.2 0.413 76.30 0.0704 148.2 0.0248 1.428 0.15 Satellite of Jupiter regular
Titan †
Saturn VI 		2576[5] 0.404 71.52 0.0660 134.5 0.0225 1.354 0.14 Satellite of Saturn regular
Mercury☿ 2,439.7 0.383 60.83 0.0562 330.2 0.0553 3.7 0.377 Planet regular
Callisto†
Jupiter IV 		2,410.3 0.378 58.65 0.0541 107.6 0.018 1.23603 0.126 Satellite of Jupiter regular
Io†
Jupiter I 		1,821.5 0.286 25.32 0.0234 89.3 0.015 1.797 0.183 Satellite of Jupiter regular
Moon 1,737.1 0.273 21.958 0.0203 73.5 0.0123 1.625 0.166 Satellite of Earth regular
Europa†
Jupiter II 		1,561 0.245 15.93 0.0147 48 0.00803 1.316 0.134 Satellite of Jupiter regular
Triton†
Neptune I 		1,353.4 0.212 10.38 0.0096 21.5 0.00359 0.782 0.0797 Satellite of Neptune regular
Eris R
136199 		1,300 [6] 0.19 7 0.007 16.7[7] 0.0027 0.659 0.0677 Dwarf planet & Scattered disc object regular
Pluto
134340 		1,195 0.187 7.15 0.0066 13.105 0.0022 0.61 0.062 Dwarf planet & Kuiper belt object regular
Titania‡
Uranus III 		788.9 0.124 2.06 0.0019 3.526 0.00059 0.378 0.0385 Satellite of Uranus regular
Rhea‡
Saturn V 		764.4 0.12 1.87 0.0017 2.3166 0.00039 0.26 0.027 Satellite of Saturn regular
Oberon†
Uranus IV 		761.4 0.12 1.85 0.0017 3.014 0.0005 0.347 0.035 Satellite of Uranus regular
Makemake RA
136472 		750[6] 0.126-0.157 1.8 0.002 4 0.00067 0.47 0.048 Dwarf planet & Kuiper belt object regular
Sedna *AR
90377 		745 0.09-0.14 1.73 0.0016 3 0.00050 0.33–0.50 0.0337-0.0511 Detached object unknown
Iapetus†
Saturn VIII 		736 0.113 1.55 0.0014 1.9739 0.00033 0.223 0.0227 Satellite of Saturn regular
Charon†
Pluto I 		File:Charon plutoface.png 604 0.095 0.87 0.0008 1.52 0.00025 0.279 0.028 Satellite of Pluto regular
2007 OR10* 600 0.094 0.904 0.0008 1.81P 0.0003 0.168 0.017 Scattered disc unknown
Umbriel†
Uranus II 		584.7 0.092 0.84 0.0008 1.2 0.00020 0.234 0.024 Satellite of Uranus regular
Ariel ‡
Uranus I 		578.9 0.091 0.81 0.0008 1.35 0.00022 0.269 0.027 Satellite of Uranus regular
Haumea R
136108 		575[6] 0.117 1.3–1.6 0.001 4.2 0.00069 0.44 0.045 Dwarf planet & Kuiper belt object regular (scalene ellipsoid)
(84522) 2002 TC302R 572.7[6] 0.09 0.786 0.0007 1.573P 0.00026 0.32 0.033 Kuiper belt object—2:5 resonance unknown
Dione†
Saturn IV 		561.6 0.088 0.73 0.0007 1.096 0.000183 0.232 0.0236 Satellite of Saturn regular
Tethys‡
Saturn III 		533 0.083 0.624 0.0006 0.6173 0.000103 0.145 0.015 Satellite of Saturn regular
2005 QU1829 525 0.082 0.606 0.00056 1.21P 0.0002 0.293 0.03 Scattered disc object unknown
50000 Quaoar* 500 0.0785 0.523 0.0005 1.05P 0.00017 0.28 0.0287 Kuiper belt object—Cubewano unknown
Ceres‡ 475 0.076 0.437 0.0004 0.95 0.000159 0.27 0.0275 Dwarf planet in the asteroid belt regular
90482 OrcusRA 473 0.069-0.08 0.4 0.0004 0.62A 0.0001 0.185 0.03 Kuiper belt object—plutino unknown
(202421) 2005 UQ5139 462 0.074 0.443 0.0004 0.886P 0.0001 0.277 0.0284 Kuiper belt object—Cubewano unknown
2007 UK1269 439 0.069 0.354 0.0003 0.708P 0.0001 0.245 0.025 Scattered disc object unknown
(174567) 2003 MW129 419 0.0658 0.308 0.0003 0.616P 0.0001 0.234 0.024 Kuiper belt object unknown
2006 QH1819 382 0.06 0.233 0.000215 0.467P 0.00008 0.214 0.022 Scattered disc object unknown
2004 XR190* 375 0.059 0.221 0.0002 0.4416P 0.00007 0.21 0.0215 Scattered disc object unknown
19521 Chaos* 372.5[8] 0.0585 0.216 0.0002 0.4328P 0.00007 0.208 0.021 Kuiper belt object—cubewano unknown
(55565) 2002 AW197R 367 0.0576 0.207 0.00019 0.414P 0.000069 0.205 0.0211 Kuiper belt object unknown
(145452) 2005 RN439 365 0.0573 0.2036 0.00019 0.407P 0.000068 0.204 0.02096 Kuiper belt object unknown
2002 MS4R 363 0.057 0.203 0.00018 0.4005P 0.000067 0.203 0.02086 Kuiper belt object unknown
(84922) 2003 VS2 R 363[6] 0.057 0.203 0.00018 0.4005P 0.000067 0.203 0.02086 Kuiper belt object—plutino unknown
(24835) 1995 SM55* 352 Kuiper belt object unknown
(145453) 2005 RR439 348 Kuiper belt object unknown
(208996) 2003 AZ84R 343 Kuiper belt object—plutino unknown
(55637) 2002 UX25R 340.6 [6] Kuiper belt object unknown
(90568) 2004 GV9R 338.5[6] Kuiper belt object unknown
(120178) 2003 OP329 333 Kuiper belt object unknown
28978 IxionRA 325[6] 0.073 0.421 0.0038 0.3 0.0000502 Kuiper belt object unknown
(42301) 2001 UR1639 318 Scattered disc object unknown
20000 Varuna*A 310[6] 0.083 0.624 0.0006 0.37 0.0000619 Kuiper belt object unknown
(55636) 2002 TX300* 310 Kuiper belt object unknown
2003 UZ4139 303 Kuiper belt object unknown
2003 QW909 290 Kuiper belt object unknown
(145451) 2005 RM439 290 Kuiper belt object unknown
(120347) 2004 SB609 290 Kuiper belt object unknown
(15874) 1996 TL66RA 288 0.2 0.0000334 Scattered disc object unknown
(119951) 2002 KX14* 280 Kuiper belt object unknown
2004 NT33 277 Kuiper belt object unknown
(120348) 2004 TY364* 277 Kuiper belt object unknown
(19308) 1996 TO66* 270 Kuiper belt object unknown
38628 HuyaR 266[6] Kuiper belt object—plutino unknown
2 Pallas$ 266[9] 0.0042 0.078 0.00007 0.211 0.0000353 asteroid irregular
4 Vesta$ 264.6 0.042 0.078 0.00007 0.262 0.0000438 asteroid regular (uncertain)
Enceladus‡
Saturn II 		252.1 0.039 0.067 0.00006 0.108 0.0000181 0.111 0.0113 Satellite of Saturn regular
2001 QF298* 252 Kuiper belt object unknown
(82075) 2000 YW134* 250 Kuiper belt object unknown
(145480) 2005 TB190 250 Detached object unknown
(145480) 2005 TB190 250 Kuiper belt object unknown
(144897) 2004 UX10 250 Kuiper belt object unknown
Miranda‡
Uranus V 		235.8 0.037 0.055 0.00005 0.0659 0.0000110 0.07910375 0.008057901 Satellite of Uranus regular
(26375) 1999 DE9 230.5[6] Kuiper belt object unknown
2002 CY248 230 Kuiper belt object unknown
2002 XV93 230 Kuiper belt object unknown
2003 QX113 230 Kuiper belt object unknown
(35671) 1998 SN165* 229 Kuiper belt object unknown
2004 PR107 220[8] Kuiper belt object unknown
2003 QW90 220[8] Kuiper belt object unknown
1999 CD158 220 Kuiper belt object unknown
(120132) 2003 FY128* 220 Scattered disc object unknown
Proteus ‡A
Neptune VIII 		210 0.033 0.038 0.000035 0.050 0.00000844 0.06659066 0.006783255 Satellite of Neptune irregular
(47171) 1999 TC36* 207.3 [6] Kuiper belt object unknown
10 Hygiea$ 203.6[10] 0.032 0.036 0.0885 0.0000148 asteroid irregular
(119979) 2002 WC19 200.5[11] .078 Kuiper belt object unknown
(26181) 1996 GQ21* 200 Scattered disc object unknown
2006 HH123 200 Kuiper belt object unknown
Mimas‡
Saturn I 		198.3 0.031 0.033 0.00003 0.03749 0.00000628 0.06363616 0.006482295 Satellite of Saturn regular

Objects between 200 and 100 km in radius

The largest of these objects just might lie above the boundary for hydrostatic equilibrium, but most are irregular. Most of the Trans-Neptunian objects listed with a radius smaller than 200 km have "assumed sizes based on a generic albedo of 0.09" since they are too far away to directly measure their sizes. Volume and surface gravity are difficult to calculate for irregular objects. Values relative to Earth are too inexact to be useful beyond this point. Mass switches from 1021 kg to 1018 kg (Zg), with Mimas double listed as example of unit shift. Main belt asteroids have orbital elements constrained by (2.0 AU < a < 3.2 AU; q > 1.666 AU) according to JPL Solar System Dynamics (JPLSSD).[12]

Body Image Mean radius
(km) 		Mass
×1018 kg
(Zg) 		Type of object Shape
Mimas‡
Saturn I 		198.3 37.49 Satellite of Saturn regular
2004 XA192 191.5 Kuiper belt object unknown
2003 UZ117 190 Kuiper belt object unknown
Nereid A
Neptune II
170 31 Satellite of Neptune irregular
148780 Altjira 9 170[8] Trans-Neptunian object—cubewano unknown
(47932) GN171 160.5[6] Trans-Neptunian object—plutino
704 Interamnia M 158.31[13] 37 Main-belt asteroid—F-type unknown
Hi'iaka
Haumea I 		155 20 Satellite of Haumea irregular
1995 SN55* (lost) 155 centaur unknown
(79360) 1997 CS299 152.5[8] Kuiper belt object unknown
(79978) 1999 CC1589 152[8] Scattered-disc object unknown
(40314) 1999 KR169 152 trans-Neptunian object unknown
52 Europa$ 150.4 16.5 Main-belt asteroid—C-type irregular
511 Davida$
File:511 davida.jpg
 144.7 43.8 Main-belt asteroid—C-type irregular
87 Sylvia$ 142.8 14.78 Main-belt asteroid—X-type irregular
(26308) 1998 SM165 139.9[6] 14 Kuiper belt object unknown
Hyperion $
Saturn VII
135.0 5.58 Satellite of Saturn irregular
2005 PU219 132.5[8] Scattered-disc object unknown
(79983) 1999 DF99 132.5 Trans-Neptunian object—cubewano irregular
10199 Chariklo 129 centaur irregular
107 Camilla$ 129.4 11.2 Main-belt asteroid—C-type irregular
3 Juno$
128.8 26.7 Main-belt asteroid—S-type irregular
31 EuphrosyneM 128 6.23 Main-belt asteroid—C-type irregular
15 Eunomia$ 127.7[14] 31.2 Main-belt asteroid—S-type irregular
(148209) 2000 CR105*A 126 13 Detached object unknown
(119878) 2002 CY224 121[8] 15 Scattered disc object unknown
65 Cybele$ 118.7[15] 17.8 Main-belt asteroid—C-type irregular
2060 Chiron*A
95P/Chiron 		116.7 10 centaur irregular
88 Thisbe $ 116 [16] 10.5 M Main-belt asteroid—B-type
2004 VN1129 115 Scattered-disc object unknown
2002 KW14 115[17] Kuiper belt object unknown
65489 Ceto M 114.85 [6] 3.74 Centaur—TNO irregular
324 BambergaM 114 10 Main-belt asteroid—C-type irregular
451 Patientia 112.5 Main-belt asteroid irregular
532 Herculina 111 Main-belt asteroid—S-type irregular
48 DorisA 111 17 Main-belt asteroid—C-type irregular
375 Ursula 108 [18] Main-belt asteroid unknown
45 EugeniaM 107 5.69 Main-belt asteroid—F-type irregular
Phoebe $
Saturn IX
106.6 8.29 Satellite of Saturn irregular
29 Amphitrite$ 106 11.8 Main-belt asteroid—S-type irregular
53311 Deucalion 105.5[8] Trans-Neptunian object—cubewano irregular
(33001) 1997 CU29 105.5 Trans-Neptunian object—cubewano unknown
423 DiotimaA 104.385[13] 16 Main-belt asteroid—C-type irregular
(181902) 1999 RD215 104.33[8] Scattered disc object
13 EgeriaM 104 16.3 Main-belt asteroid—G-type irregular
19 Fortuna$ 103.9 12.7 Main-belt asteroid—G-type irregular
54598 Bienor 103.5 centaur
94 Aurora 102.5 asteroid irregular
624 HektorA 101.5[19] 14 asteroid—Jupiter Trojan irregular
22 KalliopeM 101.4 8.09 asteroid irregular
4348 Poulydamas 100.6 [20] asteroid—Jupiter trojan
38083 Rhadamanthus 100.5[8] Kuiper belt object

Objects between 100 and 50 km in radius

Objects 200 km to 100 km in average diameter. Objects below this point are not massive enough to be rounded by their own gravity.

Body Image Mean radius
(km) 		Mass
×1018 kg
(Zg) 		Type of object
7 Iris$ 99.915 [21] 13.6 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
24 Themis M 99 11.3 Main-belt asteroid—C-type—Themis
702 Alauda 97.4[13] 6.05 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
LarissaA
Neptune VII
97 4.2 Satellite of Neptune
(85633) 1998 KR65 96[8] Kuiper belt object—cubewano
(86047) 1999 OY3 96[8] Kuiper belt object—cubewano
121 HermioneM 95 5.38 asteroid
372 Palma 94.31[22] asteroid
128 Nemesis 94.1 7 asteroid
6 Hebe$ 93.1 12.8 asteroid
16 Psyche$ 93.0 21.9 asteroid
5145 Pholus 92.5[23] 6.6 centaur
154 Bertha 92.47[13] 5.2 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
76 Freia 91.83 6.5 Main-belt asteroid—Cybele
130 ElektraM 91.1[13] 6.6 asteroid
Janus$
Saturn X
89.4 1.912 Satellite of Saturn
259 Aletheia 89.3[13] 5.97 Main-belt asteroid
Galatea
Neptune VI
88 2.12 Satellite of Neptune
88611 Teharonhiawako 88[8] Trans-Neptunian object—cubewano
42355 Typhon 87.5[6] Trans-Neptunian object
(19255) 1994 VK8 87.5[8] 5.6 Trans-Neptunian object—cubewano
120 Lachesis 87.05[13] 5.5 Main-belt asteroid
41 Daphne 87 asteroid
9 Metis$ 86.9 11.3 asteroid
747 Winchester 85.86[13] asteroid
153 Hilda 85.32[13] 5.2 Main-belt asteroid—Hildas
790 Pretoria 85.2[24] asteroid
Himalia M
Jupiter VI
85 [3] - 92 [25] 4.19 [26] Satellite of Jupiter—Himalia group
Namaka
Haumea II 		85 2 Satellite of Haumea
96 Aegle 84.95 5.1 asteroid
241 Germania 84.45[13] 5.05 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
194 Prokne 84.21[13] 5 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
566 Stereoskopia[27] 84.08[13] asteroid
Amalthea$
Jupiter V
83.5 2.08 Satellite of Jupiter
911 Agamemnon 83.3[13] asteroid—Jupiter Trojan
66652 Borasisi 83[8] Trans-Neptunian object—cubewano
54 Alexandra 82.88 asteroid
386 Siegena 82.5[28] asteroid—C-type
59 Elpis 82.4 asteroid
1437 Diomedes 82.16[13] 4.6 asteroid—Jupiter Trojan
444 GyptisM 81.54[13] 12.5 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
PuckA
81 2.9 Satellite of Uranus
409 Aspasia 80.81[13] 4.42 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
20461 Dioretsa 80.2[8] asteroid—damocloid
1992 QB1 80[8] Kuiper belt object—cubewano
(15875) 1996 TP66 80[6] Kuiper belt object— inner plutino
209 Dido 79.97[13] 4.28 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
334 Chicago 79.275[13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
804 Hispania 78.79[13] 9.95 Main-belt asteroid—P-type
185 Eunike 78.76[13] 4.09 Main-belt asteroid
139 Juewa 78.3[13] 4 Main-belt asteroid
354 Eleonora 77.585[13] Main-belt asteroid—S-type
85 Io 77.4[29] 3.4 asteroid
165 Loreley 77.39[13] 3.91 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
173 Ino 77.05[13] 3.83 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
11 Parthenope 76.67[13] 6.15M asteroid
(137295) 1999 RB216 76.5[8] Kuiper belt object—twotino
14 Irene 76[30] 8.2 asteroid
89 Julia 75.75 3.6 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
2001 QR322 76.25 Neptune trojan
536 Merapi 75.7[13] Main-belt asteroid
(145474) 2005 SA278 75.62[8] Scattered-disc object
776 Berbericia 75.59[13] asteroid
145 Adeona 75.57[13] 3.6 Main-belt asteroid—Adena
150 Nuwa 75.565[13] 3.62 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
Dysnomia 75[31] Satellite of Eris
DespinaA
75 2.1 Satellite of Neptune
49 PalesM 75 2.69 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
Sycorax 75[3] 2.3 Satellite of Uranus
39 Laetitia 74.75 3.5 asteroid
117 Lomia 74.36[13] 3.4 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
238 Hypatia 74.245[13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
168 Sibylla 74.195[13] 3.42 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
283 EmmaM 74 1.38 asteroid
51 Nemausa 73.93 asteroid
106 Dione 73.3 Main-belt asteroid—G-type
(118378) 1999 HT11 73[8] Trans-Neptunian object
137 Meliboea 72.71[13] 3.2 Main-belt asteroid
20 Massalia$ 72.5 5.67 asteroid
211 Isolda 71.6[13] 3.07 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
1172 Äneas 71.41[32] asteroid—Jupiter Trojan
144 Vibilia 71.19[13] 3 Main-belt asteroid
508 Princetonia 71.18[13][33] Main-belt asteroid
895 Helio 70.95 [13] Main-belt asteroid—B-type
361 Bononia 70.86 [13] Main-belt asteroid—D-type
420 Bertholda 70.625 [13] Main-belt asteroid—P-type
93 Minerva 70.5 2.9 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
617 Patroclus 70.46 [13] asteroid—Jupiter trojan
308 Polyxo 70.345[13] 2.92 Main-belt asteroid—T-type
18 Melpomene 70.3 3 Main-belt asteroid
268 Adorea 69.945[13] 2.87 Main-belt asteroid
349 Dembowska 69.885[13] Main-belt asteroid—R-type
489 Comacina 69.695 [13] Main-belt asteroid
69 Hesperia 69.07 2.76 Main-belt asteroid—M-type
762 Pulcova 68.54 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type w/ Moon
196 Philomela 68.195[13] 2.65 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
212 Medea 68.06[13] 2.64[34] Main-belt asteroid
PortiaA 67.6[3] 1.7 Satellite of Uranus
712 Boliviana 63.785 [13] Main-belt asteroid—X-type
588 Achilles 67.735 [13] asteroid—Jupiter Trojan
690 Wratislavia 67.325 [13] asteroid
111 Ate 67.28 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
247 Eukrate 67.215[13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
705 Erminia 67.11[13] Main-belt asteroid
471 Papagena 67.095 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
Phorcys
Ceto I 		67[8] 1.67[35] Satellite of 65489 Ceto
1998 WW31 66.5 2 Trans-Neptunian object
147 Protogeneia 66.465[13] 2.5 Main-belt asteroid
344 Desiderata 66.135[13] 2.42 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
146 Lucina 66.1[13] 2.4 Main-belt asteroid
141 Lumen 65.52[13] 1.6 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
356 Liguria 65.655 [13] Main-belt asteroid
187 Lamberta 65.2 [13] 2.37 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
95 Arethusa 65 2.6 asteroid
419 Aurelia 64.505 [13] Main-belt asteroid—F-type
200 Dynamene 64.18[13] Main-belt asteroid
8 Flora 63.9 8.47 Main-belt asteroid—S-type—Flora
92 Undina 63.8 2.1 Main-belt asteroid—M-type
654 Zelinda 63.7 [13] Main-belt asteroid
426 Hippo 63.55 [13] Main-belt asteroid
47 Aglaja pic 63.48 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
279 Thule 63.295[13] Main-belt asteroid—D-type
1143 Odysseus 62.82[13] asteroid—Jupiter Trojan (L4)
469 Argentina 62.785 [13] Main-belt asteroid—Cybele
159 Aemilia 62.5 1.4 asteroid
405 Thia 62.45 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
602 Marianna 62.36 [13] Main-belt asteroid
216 Kleopatra 62 Main-belt asteroid—M-type
46 HestiaA 62 3.5 asteroid
104 Klymene 61.9 2 Main-belt asteroid
410 Chloris 61.785 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
134 Sophrosyne 61.64 2 Main-belt asteroid
328 Gudrun 61.46[13] 1.94 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
68 Leto 61.3 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
70 Panopaea 61.01 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
127 Johanna 61[36] Main-belt asteroid
276 Adelheid 60.8[13] Main-belt asteroid
176 Iduna 60.52[13] 1.76 Main-belt asteroid—G-type
28 Bellona 60.5 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
156 Xanthippe 60.495[13] 1.85 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
86 Semele 60.3 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
78 Diana 60.3 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
381 Myrrha 60.29 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type—
225 Henrietta 60.245[13] 1.83 Main-belt asteroid—C-type—Cybele
618 Elfriede 60.145 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type—
(73840) 2002 PN34 59.75[6] Scattered-disc object
105 Artemis 59.6 1.8 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
81 Terpsichore 59.54 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
5 Astraea 59.535[13] 2.9 Main-belt asteroid
74 Galatea 59.36 1.8 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
350 Ornamenta 59.175[13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
772 Tanete 58.83[13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
476 Hedwig 58.38 [13] Main-belt asteroid
171 Ophelia 58.35[13] 1.66 Main-belt asteroid—C-type—Themis
203 Pompeja 58.13[13] Main-belt asteroid
3063 Makhaon 58.07[13] 1.6 asteroid—Jupiter Trojan
38 Leda 57.97[13] 1.6 asteroid
360 Carlova 57.88[13] Main-belt asteroid—
521 Brixia 57.825 [13] Main-belt asteroid—
490 Veritas 57.97[13] Main-belt asteroid—Veritas
466 Tisiphone 57.765 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
53 Kalypso 57.69 asteroid
2241 Alcathous 57.315 [13] asteroid—Jupiter trojan
388 Charybdis 57.085 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
34 Circe 56.75 1.5 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
Epimetheus$
Saturn XI
56.7 0.5304 Satellite of Saturn
596 Scheila 56.67 [13] Main-belt asteroid
56 Melete 56.62 1.5 asteroid
129 Antigone 56.5[37] 2 Main-belt asteroid—nickel-iron
12 Victoria 56.4 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
57 Mnemosyne 56.3 asteroid
545 Messalina 55.645 [13] asteroid
2797 Teucer 55.57[13] asteroid—Jupiter trojan(L4)
2920 Automedon 55.5[13] asteroid—Jupiter trojan(L4)
140 Siwa 55 1.5 asteroid
91 Aegina 54.9 1.4 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
140 Siwa 54.895 [13] 1.4 Main-belt asteroid
595 Polyxena 54.535 [13] Main-belt asteroid
230 Athamantis 54.495 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
659 Nestor 54.435 [13] asteroid—Jupiter Trojan
37 Fides 54 1.3 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
514 Armida 53.085 [13] Main-belt asteroid
23 Thalia 53.8 1.3 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
739 Mandeville 53.765 [13] Main-belt asteroid—X-type
2007 VL305 A 53.75 Neptune trojan
40 Harmonia 53.6 1.3 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
357 Ninina 53.05 [13] Main-belt asteroid
181 Eucharis 53.33[13] 1.2 Main-belt asteroid—K-type
346 Hermentaria 53.26 [13] Main-belt asteroid—S-type
506 Marion 52.97 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
365 Corduba 52.96 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
253 Mathilde$
52.8 0.1033 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
36 Atalante 52.8 asteroid
713 Luscinia 52.76 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
164 Eva 52.435 [13] 1.21 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
98 Ianthe 52.25 1.2 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
35 Leukothea 52 1.1 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
240 Vanadis 51.95 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
221 Eos 51.935[13] 1.17 Main-belt asteroid—K-type
(29981) 1999 TD10 51.85[6] Trans-Neptunian object
192 Nausikaa 51.7 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
63 Ausonia 51.57 1.1 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
570 Kythera 51.405 [13] Main belt asteroid
233 Asterope 51.39 [13] 1.4 Main belt asteroid—T-type
4063 Euforbo 51.23[13] asteroid—Jupiter Trojan
175 Andromache 50.585[13] 1.08 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
191 Kolga 50.515[13] 1.08 Main-belt asteroid—C-type
387 Aquitania 50.255 [13] Main-belt asteroid—S-type
522 Helga 50.61 [13] Main-belt asteroid—Cybele
663 Gerlinde 50.44 [13] asteroid
626 Notburga 50.365 [13] asteroid
42 Isis 50.1 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
30 Urania 50 Main-belt asteroid—S-type

Examples of objects between 50 km and 20 km in radius

There are easily tens of thousands of objects 50 km in radius or smaller, but only a fraction have been explored. The number of digits is not an endorsement of significant figures. The table switches from ×1018 kg to ×1015 kg (Eg), and many of these mass values are assumed. (see also List of minor planets)

Body Image Mean radius
(km) 		Mass
×1015 kg
(Eg)
Type of object
50 VirginiaA 49.91 1000 asteroid
114 Kassandra 49.86[13] 1000 Main-belt asteroid—T-type
162 Laurentia 49.55[13] Main-belt asteroid
401 Ottilia 49.56 [13] Main-belt asteroid
ThebeA
Jupiter XIV
49.3[3] 430 Satellite of Jupiter
148 Gallia 48.88[13] 980 Main-belt asteroid—R-type
404 Arsinoe 48.855 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
27 EuterpeA 48 930 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
26 Proserpina 48 900 asteroid
773 Irmintraud 47.94[13] asteroid—D-type
21 LutetiaM 47.8[13] 2570 Main-belt asteroid—M-type
62 Erato 47.7 910 Main-belt asteroid—Themis
345 Tercidina 47.06 [13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
JulietA 46.8[3] 560 Satellite of Uranus
58 Concordia 46.72 850 asteroid
229 Adelinda 46.6[13] Main-belt asteroid—C-type
Nix 46[38] 70 Satellite of Pluto
103 Hera 45.6 790 asteroid
17 Thetis 45 1200 asteroid
143 Adria 44.965[13] 760 Main-belt asteroid
109 Felicitas 44.7 750 asteroid
100 Hekate 44.5[39] 1000 asteroid
90 Antiope A
File:Fig4s.gif
 43.9[40] 410 asteroid
227 Philosophia 43.655[13] Main-belt asteroid
Prometheus$
Saturn XVI (16)
43.1 156.6 Satellite of Saturn
110 Lydia 43.05 670 asteroid
ElaraA 43 870 Satellite of Jupiter—Himalia group
72 Feronia 42.95 670 asteroid
60558 Echeclus/
174P/Echeclus 		42[8][6] centaur[41]
8405 Asbolus 42[6] centaur
S/2000 (90) 1
File:Fig4s.gif
 41.9[40] asteroid moon of 90 Antiope
71 Niobe 41.7 610 asteroid
102 Miriam 41.5[42] asteroid
97 Klotho 41.4 590 asteroid
61 Danae 41.02 asteroid
ThalassaA 41 350 Satellite of Neptune
122 Gerda 40.85[13] 570 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
83 Beatrix 40.69 560 Main-belt asteroid—X-type
32 PomonaA 40.5 550 asteroid
Pandora$
Saturn XVII (17)
40.3 135.6 Satellite of Saturn
BelindaA
Uranus XIV (14)
40 360 Satellite of Uranus
CressidaA 40 340 Satellite of Uranus
115 Thyra 39.92[13] asteroid
135 Hertha 39.62[13] asteroid
84 Klio 39.58[43] 520 asteroid
80 Sappho 39.2 asteroid
1001 Gaussia 39 asteroid
58534 Logos 38.5[44] 270 Kuiper belt object—cubewano
124 Alkeste 38.18[13] 470 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
55576 Amycus 38.15 [6] centaur
25 Phocaea 37.6 asteroid
8405 Asbolus 37[45] centaur
112 Iphigenia 36.35[13] asteroid
Hydra 36[3] 391P Satellite of Pluto
Rosalind* 36 250 Satellite of Uranus
Caliban 36[3] Satellite of Uranus
99 Dike 35.95 390 asteroid
66 Maja 35.91 asteroid
116 Sirona 35.85[13] Main-belt asteroid
44 Nysa 35.32 370 Main-belt asteroid—E-type
10370 Hylonome 35[6] centaur
77 Frigga 34.63 350 asteroid
55 Pandora 33.35 asteroid
133 Cyrene 33.29[13] 310 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
79 Eurynome 33.24 asteroid
NaiadA
33 190 Satellite of Neptune
43 Ariadne 32.94 asteroid
101 Helena 32.9 300 asteroid
108 Hecuba 32.49[46] 390 asteroid
DesdemonaA 32 180 Satellite of Uranus
Halimede* 31 Satellite of Neptune
52975 Cyllarus 31 [6] Centaur
82 Alkmene 30.48 asteroid
60 Echo 30.1 asteroid
Comet Hale-Bopp
C/1995 O1
30[47] Comet
Pasiphaë*A 30 300 Satellite of Jupiter
7066 Nessus 30[6][8] centaur
Neso 30 Satellite of Neptune
64 Angelina 30[48] Main-belt asteroid—E-type
2008 KV42 29.5[49] detached object
67 Asia 29.06 asteroid
119 Althaea 28.65[13] 200 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
142 Polana 27.645[13] 180 Main-belt asteroid—F-type
75 Eurydike 27.96 180 Main-belt asteroid—M-type
52872 Okyrhoe 26.01[6] centaur
Bianca* 26 92 Satellite of Uranus
Prospero 25 85 Satellite of Uranus
Setebos 24[3] 75 Satellite of Uranus
123 Brunhild 23.99[13] Main-belt asteroid
1000 Piazzia 23.89[13] Main-belt asteroid
113 Amalthea 23.07[13] 100 Main-belt asteroid
Carme* 23 130 Satellite of Jupiter—Carme group
138 Tolosa 22.75[13] 99 Main-belt asteroid—S-type
126 Velleda 22.4[13] 94 Main-belt asteroid
73 Klytia 22.22 92 asteroid
Sao 22 Satellite of Neptune
125 Liberatrix 21.79[13] 87 Main-belt asteroid—M-type
Metis
Jupiter XVI
21.5[50] 36 Satellite of Jupiter
132 Aethra 21.435[13] 82 Main-belt asteroid—M-type
Ophelia* 21.4[3][4] 53 Satellite of Uranus
Laomedeia 21 Satellite of Neptune
118 Peitho 20.87[13] 76 Main-belt asteroid
208 Lacrimosa 20.665[13] 73.9 Main-belt asteroid—Koronis—S-type
136 Austria 20.5[13] 68 Main-belt asteroid—M-type
131 Vala 20.22[13] 69 Main-belt asteroid
Cordelia* 20 44 Satellite of Uranus
Siarnaq 20 Satellite of Saturn

Examples of objects between 20 km and 1 km in radius

Body Image Mean radius
(km) 		Mass
×1015 kg
(Eg)
Type of object
167 Urda 19.97[13] 66.7 Main-belt asteroid—Koronis—S-type
Linus 19 60[51] asteroid moon of 22 Kalliope
Sinope* 19 76 Satellite of Jupiter
Psamathe* 19 37 Satellite of Neptune
29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 18.65[6] Comet, centaur
Lysithea* 18 63 Satellite of Jupiter—Himalia group
158 Koronis 17.685[13] 46.3 Main-belt asteroid—Koronis—S-type
226 Weringia 16.92[13] Main-belt asteroid—S-type
433 Eros$
16.84 66.9 Near Earth asteroid—Amor
Stephano 16[3] 22 Satellite of Uranus
Helene
Saturn XII
16 25 Satellite of Saturn
Albiorix 16 Satellite of Saturn
1036 Ganymed 15.9 33 Near Earth asteroid
1815 Beethoven 15.8[8] Main-belt asteroid
243 Ida
15.7[52] 42 Main-belt asteroid—Koronis—S-type
Atlas$
Saturn XV (15)
15.3 66 Satellite of Saturn
31824 Elatus 15 [6] centaur
Perdita 15 18 Satellite of Uranus
Prospero 15 Satellite of Uranus
Perdita 15[53] 13 Satellite of Uranus
Pan$
14.2 [54] 4.95 [54] Satellite of Saturn
Ananke
Jupiter XII 		14[25] 38.2 [55] Satellite of Jupiter
Telesto
Saturn XIII or Tethys B
11.8[56] Satellite of Saturn & Tethys trojan
Phobos$
Mars I
11.1 10.7 Satellite of Mars
Paaliaq 11 8.2 Satellite of Saturn
Francisco 11[3] 7.2 Satellite of Uranus
Calypso
Saturn XIV or Tethys C
10.7[3] Satellite of Saturn & Tethys trojan
Leda 10 11 Satellite of Jupiter—Himalia group
Ferdinand 10[3] 5.4 Satellite of Uranus
Margaret 10[3] 5.4 Satellite of Uranus
149 Medusa 9.88[13] 8 Main-belt asteroid
Romulus 9 4 asteroid moon of 87 Sylvia
Ymir 9 Satellite of Saturn
Trinculo 9 3.9 Satellite of Uranus
Cupid 9 3.8 Satellite of Uranus
2002 Euler 8.72 5.5 Asteroid
Adrastea
Jupiter XV
8.2 2 Satellite of Jupiter
Kiviuq 8 Satellite of Saturn
Tarvos 7.5 Satellite of Saturn
2685 Masursky
7-10 5–11 asteroid
(65407) 2002 RP120 7.3[57] 3.1 Damocloid(retrograde) & possible ejected SDO
Bestla 7 Satellite of Saturn
Petit-Prince 6.5 1.2 asteroid moon of 45 Eugenia
Deimos$
Mars II
6.2 1.48 Satellite of Mars
951 Gaspra
6.1[58] 2–3 asteroid
Bergelmir 6.0 Satellite of Saturn
Ijiraq 6 Satellite of Saturn
S/2002 (121) 1 6[59] 1.6 asteroid moon of 121 Hermione
1P/Halley
5.5[60] 0.03[61] Comet (75.3 year period)
S/2001 (107) 1 5.5[59] 1.5 asteroid moon of 107 Camilla
Mab 5.0 Satellite of Uranus
Erriapus 5.0 Satellite of Saturn
26858 Misterrogers 4.75 Asteroid
Callirrhoe 4.3 Satellite of Jupiter
Hyrrokkin 4.0 Satellite of Saturn
Themisto 4.0 0.69 Satellite of Jupiter
Daphnis
3-4 Satellite of Saturn
Remus 3.5 0.2 asteroid moon of 87 Sylvia
Tarqeq 3.5 Satellite of Saturn
Kari 3.5 Satellite of Saturn
Thrymr 3.5 Satellite of Saturn
Mundilfari 3.5 Satellite of Saturn
Suttungr 3.5 Satellite of Saturn
Praxidike 3.4 Satellite of Jupiter
Narvi 3.3 Satellite of Saturn
Skathi 3.2 Satellite of Saturn
9P/Tempel
File:Tempel 1 Deep Impact 5min.jpg
 3[62][63] .075 Comet
Greip 3 Satellite of Saturn
Jarnsaxa 3 Satellite of Saturn
Skoll 3 Satellite of Saturn
S/2003 (130) 1 3 0.4 asteroid moon of 130 Electra
Loge 3 Satellite of Saturn
Hati 3 Satellite of Saturn
Fornjot 3 Satellite of Saturn
Bebhionn 3 Satellite of Saturn
Aegir 3 Satellite of Saturn
S/2007 S 2 3 Satellite of Saturn
118401 LINEAR 3 0.23 Main-belt comet
4179 Toutatis
2.7[64] 0.05 Near Earth asteroid
Iocaste 2.6 Satellite of Jupiter
Kalyke 2.6 Satellite of Jupiter—Carme group
3200 Phaethon 2.55 14 asteroid—Apollo—B-type
Farbauti 2.5 Satellite of Saturn
3753 Cruithne 2.5 .13 asteroid & Quasi-satellite of Earth
5535 Annefrank
2.4 Asteroid
19P/Borrelly
2.4[65] Comet (6.85 year period) (Jupiter family)
2P/Encke
File:Comet2PEncke.jpg
 2.4[66] Comet (3.3 year period)
Megaclite 2.25[67] Satellite of Jupiter
Taygete 2.2 Satellite of Jupiter—Carme group
Harpalyke 2.2 Satellite of Jupiter
C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)
2.1[68] Comet [1]
81P/Wild 2
File:Comet wild 2 craters.JPG
 2[69] Comet
Fenrir 2 Satellite of Saturn
Pallene
2 0.043 Satellite of Saturn
Eukelade 2 Satellite of Jupiter
Helike 2 Satellite of Jupiter
Aoede 2 Satellite of Jupiter
Hermippe 2 Satellite of Jupiter
Thyone 2 Satellite of Jupiter
Autonoe 2 Satellite of Jupiter
Isonoe 1.9 Satellite of Jupiter—Carme group
Chaldene 1.9 Satellite of Jupiter—Carme group
(53319) 1999 JM8
1.75 Asteroid
2867 Šteins
1.75 Asteroid
Polydeuces
Saturn XXXIV (34)
1.75[70] 0.03 Satellite of Saturn
17P/Holmes
1.7[71] Comet
Erinome 1.6 Satellite of Jupiter—Carme group
Arche 1.5 Satellite of Jupiter
Hegemone 1.5 Satellite of Jupiter
Euanthe 1.5 Satellite of Jupiter
Eurydome 1.5 Satellite of Jupiter
Carpo 1.5 0.45 Satellite of Jupiter
Aitne 1.5 Satellite of Jupiter
Methone
1.5 0.019 Satellite of Saturn
4055 Magellan 1.245[72] asteroid—Amor—V-type
132524 APL
1.15 asteroid
(6178) 1986 DA 1.15[73] .002 asteroid—Amor—M-type
9969 Braille
1 by 1 by 2 asteroid
Anthe 1 Satellite of Saturn
Kore 1 Satellite of Jupiter
Cyllene 1 Satellite of Jupiter
Kallichore 1 Satellite of Jupiter
Mneme 1 Satellite of Jupiter
Pasithee 1 Satellite of Jupiter
Kale 1 .015 Satellite of Jupiter
Sponde 1 Satellite of Jupiter
Orthosie 1 Satellite of Jupiter
Thelxinoe 1 Satellite of Jupiter
Euporie 1 0.015 Satellite of Jupiter

Examples of objects below 1 km (1000 m)

There are easily tens of thousands of objects below 1 km, but very few have been explored or even imaged. Radius is by mean geometric radius. Number of digits not an endorsement of significant figures. The exceptions are objects that have been visited by a probe, or have passed close enough to Earth to be viewed by large telescopes. Mass shifts from 1015 to 1012 kg (Pg).

Body Image Mean radius
(meter) 		Mass
×1012 kg (Pg)
Type of object
1620 Geographos
885[13] 4[74] Near Earth asteroid—Apollo
1862 Apollo 850 5.1 Near Earth asteroid—Apollo—Q-type
103P/Hartley 800 Comet (6.41 years period)
Dactyl File:Dactyl - Ida-moon.jpeg 700 asteroid moon of 243 Ida
1566 Icarus 700 29 Near Earth asteroid—Apollo—U-type
4769 Castalia 700[75] 5 Near Earth asteroid—Apollo
(137108) 1999 AN10 650 Near Earth asteroid—Apollo
(29075) 1950 DA
600 3[76] Near Earth asteroid—Apollo
46P/Wirtanen 600 Comet
3908 Nyx 520 5 Near Earth asteroid—Amor—V-type
S/2003 J 9 500[3] Satellite of Jupiter—Carme group
14827 Hypnos 450[77] Comet (dormant)[78]
2007 CA19 432 1.2 Near Earth asteroid
2062 Aten 450 7.6 Near Earth asteroid
6489 Golevka
File:6489 golevka-s01.jpg
 350[79] Near Earth asteroid—Apollo asteroid
25143 Itokawa 346 0.0358 Near Earth asteroid
2004 XP14 300 Near Earth asteroid
(144898) 2004 VD17 290 3[80] Near Earth asteroid
4660 Nereus
165[81] Near-Earth asteroid
99942 Apophis 135 0.05[80] Near Earth asteroid
2007 TU24
125[82] Near Earth asteroid
1994 WR12 55[83] 0.002[80] Near Earth asteroid
1998 KY26 15[84] Near Earth asteroid & monolithic fast rotator

Currently all the objects of mass between 109 kg to 1012 kg (less than 1000 Teragrams (Tg)) listed here are Near-Earth asteroids (See also: list of NEAs by distance from Sun.) Note that 1994 WR12 possesses less mass than the Great Pyramid of Giza, 5.9 × 109 kg

Notes

† Using equatorial radius and assuming body is spherical
‡ Using three radii and assuming body is spheroid
* Radius is known only very approximately
R Radius has been determined by various methods, such as optical (Hubble), thermal (Spitzer), or direct imaging via spacecraft
9 Unknown radius, generic assumed albedo of 0.09
$ Well studied asteroid or moon were the dimensions and mass are very well known. Asteroid sizes and masses taken from James Baer's (Bio) personal website.
M Mass has been determined by perturbation. For asteroids, see James Baer's personal website.
A Assumed mass
P Mass calculated assuming Pluto's density of 2.0 g/cm3
Note: For many of the well-determined moons, radii were taken from the JPL Solar System Dynamics page.
A relative comparison of some of the mid-sized bodies in the Solar System.
O Radius has been determined with Asteroid occultation
  • The relative masses of the bodies of the Solar System. Objects smaller than Saturn are not visible at this scale.
    The relative masses of the bodies of the Solar System. Objects smaller than Saturn are not visible at this scale.
  • The relative masses of the Solar planets. Jupiter at 71% of the total and Saturn at 21% dominate the system. Mercury and Mars, which together are less than 0.1%, are not visible at this scale.
    The relative masses of the Solar planets. Jupiter at 71% of the total and Saturn at 21% dominate the system. Mercury and Mars, which together are less than 0.1%, are not visible at this scale.
  • The relative masses of the solid bodies of the Solar System. Earth at 48% and Venus at 39% dominate. Bodies less massive than Pluto are not visible at this scale.
    The relative masses of the solid bodies of the Solar System. Earth at 48% and Venus at 39% dominate. Bodies less massive than Pluto are not visible at this scale.

Surface gravity

The surface gravity at the equator of a body can in most cases be accurately calculated using Newton's law of universal gravitation and centrifugal force.

The gravitational acceleration at the equator is given by Newton's law of universal gravitation. The formula that follows from this law is:

where

a_g is the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration
G is the gravitational constant
m is the mass of the celestial body
r is the equatorial radius of the celestial body (if this varies significantly, the mean equatorial radius is used)

The magnitude of the outward acceleration due to centrifugal force is given by

where

T is the rotation period of the celestial body

The surface gravity at the equator is then given by

References

Template:Source list

  1. ^ Mike Brown. "The Dwarf Planets". CalTech. Retrieved 2008-09-25.
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  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL (Solar System Dynamics). 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
  4. ^ a b Williams, Dr. David R. (2007-11-23). "Uranian Satellite Fact Sheet". NASA (National Space Science Data Center). Retrieved 2008-12-12.
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  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab John Stansberry, Will Grundy, Mike Brown, Dale Cruikshank, John Spencer, David Trilling, Jean-Luc Margot (2007-02-20). "Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope". University of Arizona, Lowell Observatory, California Institute of Technology, NASA Ames Research Center, Southwest Research Institute, Cornell University. Retrieved 2008-07-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ M.E. Brown and E.L. Schaller (2007). "The Mass of Dwarf Planet Eris". Science. 316 (5831): 1585. doi:10.1126/science.1139415. PMID 17569855. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Wm. Robert Johnston (22 August 2008). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 2008-12-08. Cite error: The named reference "johnston" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  9. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par
  10. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 10 Hygiea". Retrieved 2008-09-07.
  11. ^ Wm. Robert Johnston (26 November 2008). "(119979) 2002 WC19". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 2009-03-04.
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  14. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=15%20Eunomia;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par
  15. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 65 Cybele". 2008-08-10 last obs. Retrieved 2008-11-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 88 Thisbe". 2008-07-04 last obs. Retrieved 2008-11-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ http://sphinx.planetwaves.net/2002kw14.htm
  18. ^ Millis, R.L (1984). "The diameter of 375 URSULA from its occultation of AG + 39 deg 303". Astronomical Journal. 89: 592–596. Retrieved 2008-11-30. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Fernandes, Yanga R. (2003). "The albedo distribution of Jovian Trojan asteroids". The Astronomical Journal. 126: 1563–1574. doi:10.1086/377015. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ IRAS IMPS/SIMPS V6
  21. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 7 Iris". 2009-03-17 last obs. Retrieved 2009-03-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=372%20Palma%20;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par
  23. ^ Davies, J. K.; Tholen, D. J.; Ballantyne, D. R. (1996). "Infrared Observations of Distant Asteroids". Completing the Inventory of the Solar System, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Proceedings. 107: 97–105.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=790%20Pretoria;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par
  25. ^ a b (Note, he assumed geometric albedo of 0.04-->) Sheppard, S. S., Jewitt, D. C., Porco, C.; Jupiter's Outer Satellites and Trojans, in Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere, edited by Fran Bagenal, Timothy E. Dowling, William B. McKinnon, Cambridge Planetary Science, Vol. 1, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-81808-7, 2004, pp. 263-280
  26. ^ Emelyanov, N.V. (2005). "The mass of Himalia from the perturbations on other satellites". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 438: L33–L36. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500143. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/lists/NumberedMPs.txt
  28. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=386%20Siegena;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par
  29. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi
  30. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 14 Irene". 2008-04-14 last obs. Retrieved 2008-11-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ http://www.astronomy.com/asy/default.aspx?c=a&id=5673
  32. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1172%20;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par
  33. ^ JPL 508
  34. ^ "(212) Médée." Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. 16 jan 2009, 21:16 UTC. 13 mar 2009, 00:01 <http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=(212)_M%C3%A9d%C3%A9e&oldid=37119259>.
  35. ^ Grundy, W.M. (2007). "The orbit, mass, size, albedo, and density of (65489) Ceto/Phorcys: A tidally-evolved binary Centaur". Icarus. Retrieved 2008-08-31. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=127;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par
  37. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=129;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par
  38. ^ average of values taken from: H. A. Weaver (2006). "Discovery of two new satellites of Pluto" (subscription required). Nature. 439 (7079): 943–945. doi:10.1038/nature04547. Retrieved 2007-11-11. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  39. ^ "IRAS Minor Planet Survey". Archived from the original on 2005-12-11.
  40. ^ a b http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-00090.html
  41. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 60558 Echeclus (2000 EC98)". 2008-05-07 last obs. Retrieved 2008-09-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  42. ^ Tedesco; et al. (2004). "Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey (SIMPS)". IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Planetary Data System. Retrieved December 31, 2008. {{cite web}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  43. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 84 Klio". 2008-03-30 last obs. Retrieved 2008-11-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  44. ^ Grundy, W. M (2005). "Diverse albedos of small trans-neptunian objects". Icarus. 176 (1): 184–191. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.01.007. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) (Preprint on arXiv.)
  45. ^ Barucci, M. A., de Bergh, C., Cuby, J.-G., Le Bras, A., Schmitt, B., & Romon, J. (2000). "Infrared spectroscopy of the Centaur 8405 Asbolus: first observations at ESO-VLT". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 357: L53–L56. Retrieved 2009-03-06.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  46. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=108%20Hecuba;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par
  47. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)". 2007-10-22 last obs. Retrieved 2008-12-05. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  48. ^ "EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS ON ASTEROIDS: THE MISSING BASALTS ON ME AUBRIE PARENT BODY; Lionel i l s o n l * *and Klaus e i l l ;1 Planetary Geosciences Div., School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, U.S.A. Environmental Science Div., Institute of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster
  49. ^ http://www.hohmanntransfer.com/mn/08/08198_0716.htm
  50. ^ Thomas, P.C. (1998). "The Small Inner Satellites of Jupiter". ICARUS. 135: 360–371. doi:10.1006/icar.1998.5976. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  51. ^ F. Marchis; et al. (2003). "A three-dimensional solution for the orbit of the asteroidal satellite of 22 Kalliope". Icarus. 165: 112. doi:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00195-7. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  52. ^ Britt et al. 2002, p. 486
  53. ^ Cite error: The named reference Karkoschka2001b was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  54. ^ a b Porco, C. C.; et al. (2007). "Saturn's Small Inner Satellites: Clues to Their Origins". Science. 318: 1602–1607. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  55. ^ http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/moons/ananke.htm
  56. ^ Porco, C.C.; et al. (2006). "Physical Characteristics and Possible Accretionary Origins for Saturn's Small Satellites" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 37: 768. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  57. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 65407 (2002 RP120)". Retrieved 2008-02-06.
  58. ^ http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3984962
  59. ^ a b F. Marchis; et al. (2006). "Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey". Icarus. 185: 39. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.001. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  60. ^ 11 km average diameter 2004 study 1P at the JPL Small-Body Database Edit this at Wikidata
  61. ^ Using the volume of an ellipsoid of 15x8x8km * an assumed rubble pile density of 0.6 g/cm³ yields a mass (m=d*v) of ~3.02E+14 kg
  62. ^ "Comet 9P/Tempel 1". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
  63. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 9P/Tempel 1". 2008-10-25 last obs. Retrieved 2008-12-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  64. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Toutatis;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par
  65. ^ 4.8 km diameter 19P/Borrelly at the JPL Small-Body Database Edit this at Wikidata
  66. ^ 2P/Encke at the JPL Small-Body Database Edit this at Wikidata
  67. ^ "Jupiter, in Astronomy"; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2004. 52323 pgs.
  68. ^ C/1996 B2 at the JPL Small-Body Database Edit this at Wikidata
  69. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?ID=c00081_0
  70. ^ Source: Porco et al. 2005
  71. ^ http://www.cloudbait.com/gallery/comet/holmes.html
  72. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=4055%20Magellan;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par
  73. ^ 6178 (1986 DA) at the JPL Small-Body Database Edit this at Wikidata
  74. ^ http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:6ITCa-6NKw4J:www.spds.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/asteroidfact.html+1620+Geographos+mass&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=5
  75. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=4769%20Castalia;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par
  76. ^ 3000 x 10^9 kg
  77. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 14827 Hypnos (1986 JK)". Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  78. ^ Whitman, Kathryn (2006). "The Size-Frequency Distribution of Dormant Jupiter Family Comets". Retrieved 2008-02-08. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  79. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi#top
  80. ^ a b c Based on an assumed density of 2.6 g/cm³ as given at the NASA NEO impact risk page http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/index.html
  81. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=4660%20Nereus;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par
  82. ^ "NASA Scientists Get First Images of Earth Flyby Asteroid". NASA/JPL. 2008-01-25. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
  83. ^ http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/1994wr12.html
  84. ^ http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1998%20KY26;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#phys_par

Further reading

External links

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