List of countries by GDP (nominal): Difference between revisions
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The [[Economy of the United States|United States]] is the world's largest economy with a GDP of approximately $17.9 trillion, notably due to [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|high average incomes]], [[List of countries by population|a large population]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2012/05/30/153950742/the-worlds-richest-countries-and-biggest-economies-in-2-graphics | title=The World's Richest Countries and Biggest Economies, In 2 Graphics | publisher=[[National Public Radio]] | work=[[Planet Money]] | date=30 May 2012 | accessdate=4 June 2014 | author=Vo, Lam Thuy}}</ref> capital investment, moderate [[unemployment rate|unemployment]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.clevelandfed.org/newsroom-and-events/publications/economic-trends/2012-economic-trends/et-20120405-an-elusive-relation-between-unemployment-and-gdp-growth-okuns-law.aspx | title=An Elusive Relation Between Unemployment and GDP Growth: Okun’s Law | publisher=[[Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland]] | work=Economic Trends | date=5 April 2012 | accessdate=3 June 2016 | author=Burgen, Emily et. al.}}</ref> high consumer spending,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-consumer-spending-3882.html | title=The Importance of Consumer Spending | publisher=[[Hearst Corporation]] | work=[[Houston Chronicle]] | accessdate=4 June 2014 | author=Vitez, Osmond}}</ref> a relatively young population,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.blackrockblog.com/2014/05/16/america-youthful-relative-basis/ | title=America The Youthful? Yes, On a Relative Basis | publisher=[[BlackRock]] | date=16 May 2014 | accessdate=4 June 2014 | author=Koesterich, Russ}}</ref> and technological innovation.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bea.gov/about/pdf/measuring_innovations_role_in_gdp_and_productivity_growth.pdf | title=The Multi-Factor Productivity Residual | publisher=[[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] | work=Measuring Innovation’s Role in GDP & Productivity Growth | date=11 February 2008 | accessdate=4 June 2014 | author=Landefeld, J. Steven}}</ref> [[Economy of Tuvalu|Tuvalu]] is the world's smallest national economy with a GDP of about $33 million because of its very small population, a lack of natural resources, reliance on foreign aid, negligible [[capital investment]], demographic problems, and low average incomes.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/fiji/countries_focus/tuvalu/index_en.htm | title=Tuvalu | publisher=[[European Commission]] | work=[[Europa (web portal)|Europa]] | date=17 February 2012 | accessdate=2 June 2016}}</ref> |
The [[Economy of the United States|United States]] is the world's largest economy with a GDP of approximately $17.9 trillion, notably due to [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|high average incomes]], [[List of countries by population|a large population]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2012/05/30/153950742/the-worlds-richest-countries-and-biggest-economies-in-2-graphics | title=The World's Richest Countries and Biggest Economies, In 2 Graphics | publisher=[[National Public Radio]] | work=[[Planet Money]] | date=30 May 2012 | accessdate=4 June 2014 | author=Vo, Lam Thuy}}</ref> capital investment, moderate [[unemployment rate|unemployment]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.clevelandfed.org/newsroom-and-events/publications/economic-trends/2012-economic-trends/et-20120405-an-elusive-relation-between-unemployment-and-gdp-growth-okuns-law.aspx | title=An Elusive Relation Between Unemployment and GDP Growth: Okun’s Law | publisher=[[Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland]] | work=Economic Trends | date=5 April 2012 | accessdate=3 June 2016 | author=Burgen, Emily et. al.}}</ref> high consumer spending,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-consumer-spending-3882.html | title=The Importance of Consumer Spending | publisher=[[Hearst Corporation]] | work=[[Houston Chronicle]] | accessdate=4 June 2014 | author=Vitez, Osmond}}</ref> a relatively young population,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.blackrockblog.com/2014/05/16/america-youthful-relative-basis/ | title=America The Youthful? Yes, On a Relative Basis | publisher=[[BlackRock]] | date=16 May 2014 | accessdate=4 June 2014 | author=Koesterich, Russ}}</ref> and technological innovation.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bea.gov/about/pdf/measuring_innovations_role_in_gdp_and_productivity_growth.pdf | title=The Multi-Factor Productivity Residual | publisher=[[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] | work=Measuring Innovation’s Role in GDP & Productivity Growth | date=11 February 2008 | accessdate=4 June 2014 | author=Landefeld, J. Steven}}</ref> [[Economy of Tuvalu|Tuvalu]] is the world's smallest national economy with a GDP of about $33 million because of its very small population, a lack of natural resources, reliance on foreign aid, negligible [[capital investment]], demographic problems, and low average incomes.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/fiji/countries_focus/tuvalu/index_en.htm | title=Tuvalu | publisher=[[European Commission]] | work=[[Europa (web portal)|Europa]] | date=17 February 2012 | accessdate=2 June 2016}}</ref> |
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Although the [[List of IMF ranked countries by past and projected GDP (nominal)|rankings of national economies]] have changed considerably over time, the United States has maintained its top position since the [[Gilded Age]], a time period in which its economy saw rapid expansion, surpassing the [[British Empire]] and [[Qing dynasty]] in aggregate output.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://fortune.com/2014/10/05/most-powerful-economic-empires-of-all-time/ | title=5 Most Powerful Economic Empires of All Time | publisher=[[Time, Inc.]] | work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=5 October 2014 | accessdate=23 May 2016 | author=Matthews, Chris}}</ref><ref name="ChinaKnow">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cPa9CwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=China's Economy: What Everyone Needs to Know | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] | author=Kroeber, Arthur R. | year=2016 | location=[[New York City|New York]], [[United States]]}}</ref> Since China's [[Chinese economic reform|transition to a market-based economy]] through privatisation and deregulation,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mDS0GW7FH_0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=China in the Era of Deng Xiaoping: A Decade of Reform | publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] | work=Studies on Contemporary China | date=30 September 1993 | accessdate=23 May 2016 | author=Kau, Michael Ying-mao}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imf.org/EXTERNAL/PUBS/FT/ISSUES8/issue8.pdf | title=Why Is China Growing So Fast? | publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] | work=Economic Issues | date=April 1997 | accessdate=26 May 2016 | author1=Hu, Zuliu | author2=Khan, Mohsin S.}}</ref> the country has seen its ranking increase from ninth in 1978 to second to only the United States in 2015 as economic growth accelerated and its share of global nominal GDP surged from 2% in 1980 to 15% in 2015.<ref name="ChinaKnow" /><ref name="GDP IMF" /> India has also experienced a similar economic boom since the implementation [[Economic liberalisation in India|neoliberal reforms]] in the early 1990s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w10376.pdf | title=From "Hindu Growth" to Productivity Surge: The Mystery of the Indian Growth Transition | publisher=[[National Bureau of Economic Research]] | date=March 2004 | accessdate=23 March 2016 | author=[[Dani Rodrik|Rodrik, Dani]]|display-authors=etal}}</ref> When [[supranational union|supranational entities]] are included, the [[European Union]] is the second largest economy in the world. It was the largest from 2004, [[2004 enlargement of the European Union|when ten countries joined the union]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/international/enlargement/economics/index_en.htm | title=The economics of enlargement | publisher=[[European Commission]] | work=[[Europa (web portal)|Europa]] | date=30 October 2010 | accessdate=26 May 2016}}</ref> to 2014, after which it was surpassed by the United States.<ref name="IMF Groups" /> |
Although the [[List of IMF ranked countries by past and projected GDP (nominal)|rankings of national economies]] have changed considerably over time, the United States has maintained its top position since the [[Gilded Age]], a time period in which its economy saw rapid expansion, surpassing the [[British Empire]] and [[Qing dynasty]] in aggregate output.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://fortune.com/2014/10/05/most-powerful-economic-empires-of-all-time/ | title=5 Most Powerful Economic Empires of All Time | publisher=[[Time, Inc.]] | work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=5 October 2014 | accessdate=23 May 2016 | author=Matthews, Chris}}</ref><ref name="ChinaKnow">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cPa9CwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=China's Economy: What Everyone Needs to Know | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] | author=Kroeber, Arthur R. | year=2016 | location=[[New York City|New York]], [[United States]]}}</ref> Since China's [[Chinese economic reform|transition to a market-based economy]] through privatisation and deregulation,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mDS0GW7FH_0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=China in the Era of Deng Xiaoping: A Decade of Reform | publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] | work=Studies on Contemporary China | date=30 September 1993 | accessdate=23 May 2016 | author=Kau, Michael Ying-mao}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imf.org/EXTERNAL/PUBS/FT/ISSUES8/issue8.pdf | title=Why Is China Growing So Fast? | publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] | work=Economic Issues | date=April 1997 | accessdate=26 May 2016 | author1=Hu, Zuliu | author2=Khan, Mohsin S.}}</ref> the country has seen its ranking increase from ninth in 1978 to second to only the United States in 2015 as economic growth accelerated and its share of global nominal GDP surged from 2% in 1980 to 15% in 2015.<ref name="ChinaKnow" /><ref name="GDP IMF" /> India has also experienced a similar economic boom since the implementation of [[Economic liberalisation in India|neoliberal reforms]] in the early 1990s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w10376.pdf | title=From "Hindu Growth" to Productivity Surge: The Mystery of the Indian Growth Transition | publisher=[[National Bureau of Economic Research]] | date=March 2004 | accessdate=23 March 2016 | author=[[Dani Rodrik|Rodrik, Dani]]|display-authors=etal}}</ref> When [[supranational union|supranational entities]] are included, the [[European Union]] is the second largest economy in the world. It was the largest from 2004, [[2004 enlargement of the European Union|when ten countries joined the union]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/international/enlargement/economics/index_en.htm | title=The economics of enlargement | publisher=[[European Commission]] | work=[[Europa (web portal)|Europa]] | date=30 October 2010 | accessdate=26 May 2016}}</ref> to 2014, after which it was surpassed by the United States.<ref name="IMF Groups" /> |
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The first list largely includes data compiled by the [[International Monetary Fund]]'s [[World Economic Outlook]] for 2015, the second list shows the [[World Bank]]'s 2014 estimates, the third list includes data compiled by the [[United Nations Statistics Division]] for 2013, and the fourth list includes mostly 2014 estimates from the ''[[The World Factbook]]'' by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. Several economies which are not considered to be countries (the world, the European Union, and some [[dependent territories]]) are included in the lists because they appear in the sources as distinct economies. These economies are italicized and not ranked in the charts, but are listed where applicable. |
The first list largely includes data compiled by the [[International Monetary Fund]]'s [[World Economic Outlook]] for 2015, the second list shows the [[World Bank]]'s 2014 estimates, the third list includes data compiled by the [[United Nations Statistics Division]] for 2013, and the fourth list includes mostly 2014 estimates from the ''[[The World Factbook]]'' by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. Several economies which are not considered to be countries (the world, the European Union, and some [[dependent territories]]) are included in the lists because they appear in the sources as distinct economies. These economies are italicized and not ranked in the charts, but are listed where applicable. |
Revision as of 05:44, 17 June 2016
![A pie chart displaying the world's seven largest economies—the United States, the European Union, China, Japan, India, Brazil, and Canada.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/World_share_of_nominal_GDP_IMF_WEO_2015.png/300px-World_share_of_nominal_GDP_IMF_WEO_2015.png)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year.[1] Countries are sorted by nominal GDP estimates from financial and statistical institutions, which are calculated at market or government official exchange rates. Nominal GDP does not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results can vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency.[2] Such fluctuations may change a country's ranking from one year to the next, even though they often make little or no difference in the standard of living of its population.[3]
Comparisons of national wealth are also frequently made on the basis of purchasing power parity (PPP), to adjust for differences in the cost of living in different countries. PPP largely removes the exchange rate problem, but has its own drawbacks; it does not reflect the value of economic output in international trade, and it also requires more estimation than nominal GDP.[4] On the whole, PPP per capita figures are less spread than nominal GDP per capita figures.[5]
The United States is the world's largest economy with a GDP of approximately $17.9 trillion, notably due to high average incomes, a large population,[6] capital investment, moderate unemployment,[7] high consumer spending,[8] a relatively young population,[9] and technological innovation.[10] Tuvalu is the world's smallest national economy with a GDP of about $33 million because of its very small population, a lack of natural resources, reliance on foreign aid, negligible capital investment, demographic problems, and low average incomes.[11]
Although the rankings of national economies have changed considerably over time, the United States has maintained its top position since the Gilded Age, a time period in which its economy saw rapid expansion, surpassing the British Empire and Qing dynasty in aggregate output.[12][13] Since China's transition to a market-based economy through privatisation and deregulation,[14][15] the country has seen its ranking increase from ninth in 1978 to second to only the United States in 2015 as economic growth accelerated and its share of global nominal GDP surged from 2% in 1980 to 15% in 2015.[13][16] India has also experienced a similar economic boom since the implementation of neoliberal reforms in the early 1990s.[17] When supranational entities are included, the European Union is the second largest economy in the world. It was the largest from 2004, when ten countries joined the union,[18] to 2014, after which it was surpassed by the United States.[19]
The first list largely includes data compiled by the International Monetary Fund's World Economic Outlook for 2015, the second list shows the World Bank's 2014 estimates, the third list includes data compiled by the United Nations Statistics Division for 2013, and the fourth list includes mostly 2014 estimates from the The World Factbook by the Central Intelligence Agency. Several economies which are not considered to be countries (the world, the European Union, and some dependent territories) are included in the lists because they appear in the sources as distinct economies. These economies are italicized and not ranked in the charts, but are listed where applicable.
Lists
Click on one of the small triangles in the headings to re-order the list according to that category.
List by the International Monetary Fund (2015)[16] | List by the World Bank (2014)[20] | List by the United Nations (2014)[21] | List by the CIA World Factbook (2003–2015)[22] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also
- List of countries by GDP (PPP)
- List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
- List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
Notes
- ^ a b c The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe.
- ^ a b Excludes data for the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.
- ^ Data for Syria's 2014 GDP is from the September 2011 WEO Database, the latest available from the IMF.
- ^ Figures exclude Taiwan, and special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
- ^ Data include the French overseas departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Réunion.
- ^ Includes Former Spanish Sahara.
- ^ Covers mainland Tanzania only.
- ^ Data are for the area controlled by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.
- ^ Excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
- ^ Excludes data for Transnistria.
- ^ Calculated as the sum of all countries listed.
References
- ^ "What is GDP and why is it so important?". Investopedia. IAC/InterActiveCorp. 26 February 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
- ^ Moffatt, Mike. "A Beginner's Guide to Purchasing Power Parity Theory". About.com. IAC/InterActiveCorp. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ Ito, Takatoshi; Isard, Peter; Symansky, Steven (January 1999). "Economic Growth and Real Exchange Rate: An Overview of the Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis in Asia" (PDF). Changes in Exchange Rates in Rapidly Development Countries: Theory, Practice, and Policy Issues. National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
- ^ Callen, Tim (28 March 2012). "Purchasing Power Parity: Weights Matter". Finance & Development. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
- ^ Callen, Tim (28 March 2012). "Gross Domestic Product: An Economy's All". Finance & Development. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ Vo, Lam Thuy (30 May 2012). "The World's Richest Countries and Biggest Economies, In 2 Graphics". Planet Money. National Public Radio. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ Burgen, Emily; et al. (5 April 2012). "An Elusive Relation Between Unemployment and GDP Growth: Okun's Law". Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
{{cite web}}
: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=
(help) - ^ Vitez, Osmond. "The Importance of Consumer Spending". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ Koesterich, Russ (16 May 2014). "America The Youthful? Yes, On a Relative Basis". BlackRock. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ Landefeld, J. Steven (11 February 2008). "The Multi-Factor Productivity Residual" (PDF). Measuring Innovation’s Role in GDP & Productivity Growth. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ "Tuvalu". Europa. European Commission. 17 February 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
- ^ Matthews, Chris (5 October 2014). "5 Most Powerful Economic Empires of All Time". Fortune. Time, Inc. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
- ^ a b Kroeber, Arthur R. (2016). China's Economy: What Everyone Needs to Know. New York, United States: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Kau, Michael Ying-mao (30 September 1993). "China in the Era of Deng Xiaoping: A Decade of Reform". Studies on Contemporary China. Taylor & Francis. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
- ^ Hu, Zuliu; Khan, Mohsin S. (April 1997). "Why Is China Growing So Fast?" (PDF). Economic Issues. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
- ^ a b "World Economic Outlook Database". International Monetary Fund. April 2016.
- ^ Rodrik, Dani; et al. (March 2004). "From "Hindu Growth" to Productivity Surge: The Mystery of the Indian Growth Transition" (PDF). National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
- ^ "The economics of enlargement". Europa. European Commission. 30 October 2010. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
- ^ a b c "Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects". World Economic Outlook. International Monetary Fund. April 2016.
- ^ "GDP (current US$)" (PDF). World Development Indicators. World Bank. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- ^ "GDP and its breakdown at current prices in US Dollars". United Nations Statistics Division. December 2015.
- ^ "GDP (Official Exchange Rate)". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ^ "EU GDP (current US$)". World Development Indicators. World Bank. Retrieved 1 July 2015.