Akron, Ohio

City of Akron
City
File:AkronOhioNightduringSkyLine.jpg
Official seal of City of Akron Seal
Nickname(s):  The Rubber Capital of the World, Rubber City, Roo-Town, AK-Rowdy, City of Invention, Blimp City
Location within the state of Ohio
Location within Summit County, Ohio
Country	United States
State	Ohio
County	Summit
Founded	1825
Incorporated	1835 (village)
-	1865 (city)
Government
• Mayor	Don Plusquellic (D)
Area
• City	62.4 sq mi (161.6 km2)
• Land	62.1 sq mi (160.8 km2)
• Water	0.3 sq mi (0.9 km2)
Elevation	955 ft (291 m)
Population  (2000)
• City	217,074
• Density	3,497/sq mi (1,350.3/km2)
• Metro	694,960
Time zone	UTC-5 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (EDT)
Area code(s)	330, 234
FIPS code	39-01000Template:GR
GNIS feature ID	1064305Template:GR
Website	http://www.ci.akron.oh.us

Akron is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Summit County.Template:GR In 2007, its population was estimated to be 207,934. The municipality is located in northeastern Ohio on the Cuyahoga River between Cleveland to the north and Canton to the south, approximately 60 miles (96 km) west of the Pennsylvania border.

Akron is the principal city of the Akron Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan area that covers Portage and Summit counties and had a combined population of 694,960 at the 2000 census.Template:GR

Akron was founded in 1825 near the Ohio and Erie Canal, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location at a staircase of locks. The locks were needed due to the higher elevation of the area, which gave rise to the name Summit County as well as Akron, which is a rough translation of summit into Greek (Stewart, pg. 233). Akros, part of the original Greek word akrópolis, means highest. After the decline of heavy manufacturing in the 1970s and '80s, the city's industry has since diversified into research, financial, and high tech sectors.

Akron and nearby Canton are often referred to as a single region or considered twin cities. The Akron-Canton Regional Airport is one of many places near the city that is named for both places. While the U.S. Census Bureau still counts the two metropolitan areas separately, if combined, the total population of the Akron-Canton area would equal 1,101,894 people. Akron's general aviation Akron Fulton Airport was recognized as the 3rd National Landmark of Soaring by the National Soaring Museum.

Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in Akron in 1935. The city is home to The University of Akron, the Akron Aeros Double A affiliate of the Cleveland Indians, the Soap Box Derby World Championships and the Firestone Country Club, at which the PGA Tour's WGC-Bridgestone Invitational is played. Akron is the only city who refers to the stip of grass in front of a house and lawn where a tree is planted as a devilstrip.

Akron won the All-American City award three times making it into the National Civic League Hall of Fame. The National Arbor Day Foundation has designated Akron as a Tree City USA.

History

Canal years

Much of Akron's early growth was because of its location at the "summit" of the Ohio and Erie Canal (thus the name Summit County) which at one time connected Lake Erie and the Ohio River.

The original town plot of Akron

Akron was established in December 1825 by Simon Perkins as a small village on the divide between the St. Lawrence River and the Mississippi River drainage basins. The village was a 43-block square with its main intersection at Exchange and Main Streets; its northern limit was one block beyond State Street. The village was originally built mainly to serve people using the Ohio and Erie Canal as Akron was located in an area with a series of canal locks as the canal ascended from Cleveland to the Portage summit. In 1833, Eliakim Crosby established a "second" Akron just north of the existing village known as Cascade, which would also be referred to locally as "north Akron." Cascade developed around a construction project originally intended to provide increased water power for industries. In 1836 the villages joined under the Akron name. The completion of the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal along Main Street in 1839 started Akron on its climb to industrial importance. Coal, a major railroad, and manufacturing growth from the Civil War contributed to a population increase from 3,500 to 10,000 inhabitants between 1860 and 1870.

Because of physical obstacles— the steep hill on West Market Street, the Little Cuyahoga Valley, and the swamp south of the city— Akron grew to the east. This encouraged the annexation of Spicertown, centered on Spicer and Exchange, and then Middlebury, which was centered where the Arlington and Market Street commercial area is now located.

The Rubber Capital of the World

Akron’s history and the history of the rubber industry are intertwined. The rubber industry transformed Akron from a small canal town into a fledgling city. The birth of the rubber industry started in the 1800s, long before America fell in love with the automobile. Akron was incorporated as a village in 1835 and as a city in 1865. In 1869, B.F. Goodrich started the first rubber company in Akron. In 1915, the area increased from 7,254 acres (29.38 km²) to 16,120 acres (65.29 km²). The population rose approximately 200%—from 69,067 in 1910 to 208,435 in 1920. General Tire was founded in 1915 by the O'neil's whose department store became an Akron landmark.

Goodyear headquarters

The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company became America's top tire manufacturer and Akron was granted the moniker of “The Rubber Capital of the World”. Goodyear's president, F.A. Seiberling, had been building homes costing around $3,500 for employees in what would become known as Goodyear Heights. Likewise, Harvey Firestone began building employee homes in what would be called Firestone Park. These leaders were responding to the housing crunch caused by the boom in the rubber business.

Akron was, indeed, booming. For a time it was the fastest-growing city in the country, its population exploding from 69,000 in 1910 to 208,000 in 1920. People came for the jobs in the rubber factories from many places, including Europe. Of those 208,000, almost one-third were immigrants and their children. Among the factory workers in the early 1920s was a young Clark Gable.

In the 1950s and '60s Akron saw a surge in industry as use of the automobile took off. But while America was still using bias-ply tires, Europe had already seen the wave of the future in radial tires. Radials had almost three times the tread life of bias-ply tires, and Akron’s rubber mills were not equipped to handle the manufacturing requirements. As a result many companies tried to produce hybrid tires, which were troublesome at best. Firestone manufactured the ill-fated 500 series, which was recalled in the millions. B.F. Goodrich eventually replaced its old equipment with new machinery to enable the manufacturing of radial tires.

In the 1970s and '80s the rubber industry experienced a major decline as a number of strikes and factory shutdowns delivered the final blows to the industry. In ten years the number of people working within the rubber industry was slashed in half. By the early '90s Goodyear was the only remaining rubber manufacturer based in Akron.

Meth Capital of Ohio

The Oatmeal King Ferdinand Schumacher

Summit County is long reputed as the "Meth Capital of Ohio." In between 2006 and July of 2008 Akron had a total of 86 meth sites of the county's 102. This unusual high count putting both all counties and major cities of Ohio in a major deficit compared resulted in the Akron Council adopting several recommendations from the Meth Property Awareness task force on August 11, 2008.

Birthplace of Televangelism

Reverend Rex Humbard started preaching in a tent near the Derby Downs in Akron, Ohio. After launching his televangelist ministry out of the $4 million church Cathedral of Tomorrow in near by Cuyahoga Falls built in 1958 specifically to accommodate television equipment, crew, and chorus as well as seating for 5,400 people he claimed more than 20 million followers. The television broadcasts stopped in 1985, and his financial dealings came under review by federal authorities. In the late 1980s, the cathedral complex was sold to the Reverend Ernest Angley's ministry and was rededicated as Grace Cathedral.

Ku Klux Klan's power and fall in Akron

In Summit County, the Klan reported having 50,000, making it the largest local chapter in the United States. Members included many county officials, the sheriff, mayor of Akron, judges, county commissioners, and most members of Akron's school board. At the 1925 parade, in Akron the Ku Klux Klan created Ladies' Auxiliary Centennial float. In May of 1919 Wendell Willkie settled down in Akron where he worked as a lawyer for the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company. After failing to get Newton Baker nominated in 1924, at the Democratic National Convention he intensified his efforts to get condemning the Ku Klux Klan into the party's platform. The Akron Klan chapter sent him a telegram blasting him for what they called "joining the payroll of the Pope." Then Willkie replied with a six word telegram reading “The Klan can go to hell.” The plan to condemn the Klan was defeated by a single vote. Willkie then returned to Akron to fight it's chapter over control of the Board of Education. In early 1925, three of the seven Board members resigned due to the president and three other Board members having ties with the Klan. A committee of one hundred was formed to recruit and promote non-Klan candidates to run in the November election, Willkie was a spokesman for the group. Three of the group’s four candidates won in the election which started the beginning of the end of the Klan’s influence in Akron politics.

Riot of 1900

In 1900, violence erupted in Akron after the abduction and rape of six year-old daughter of the Maas family from infront of her home by Louis Peck, an African-American who had recently arrived in the area. Though Peck was arrested and confessed to the crime, stories of the confession were exaggerated with one paper even printing the confession in red ink. Due to threats of lynching, Peck and another black man were moved to Cleveland for safety. Angry crowds began to gather in the evening demanding Peck and attempted to search the City Building, but were barred by police. Tensions escalated after police fired into the crowd with over 100 shots fired killing two small children and explosions of dynamite. The result was the destruction of the City Building and the Columbia building, which both burned to the ground. The mob violence lasted until nearly 4:00 the next morning after searches of the Old Court House and the County Jail and refusal to believe that Peck had been moved to Cleveland when the mayor tried to explain. 31 men and boys were later convicted of charges related to the riot.

Wooster Ave. Roits of 1968

In July of 1968, several riots occured over the span of several days centered in the city's mostly Black populated Wooster Ave./Edgewood Ave. area. The exact cause of the riots have been debated until this day, with the riot it'self being well documented. On the 16^th of July, Akron Police Department officers were called to quell several fights in the area between Black gangs from city's north and west sides of town. Althought initially quelled, the gang member continued a running fight with one another and the APD well into the morning. The police department responded with higher and higher numbers of patrol units in the area to contain and arrest the gang members within the area, with a arbritary curfew being enacted. By late the next morning of the 17^th, new police officers arrived to ensure the police actions from the night before were continued and peace restored. However at this point many residence of the area had begun to mass on Wooster Ave. near Edgewood Ave., having heard rumors of excessive violence on the part of the APD. Tensions between citizens and the APD had by this point become high due to poor long stand relations between the two side based on a array of issues from discrimination, to police brutality.

This is widely believed to have been the flashpoint of the riots, as the black citizens began berating and challenging the APD officers. With the first arrests of some of the citizens, the level of confrontation and hostillities rose until a full scale riot was in progress. The majority of the local citizens in the area retreated to there homes as to protect their property, while others left the area all together to avoid being sweep up in the coming turmoil.

The scope of the riot initially remained within the scope of the Wooster/Edgewood area, but as more and more people arrived from other areas of the city, it soon spilled into downtown Akron its'elf Sometime later in the evening or night, the National Guard was mobilizied to deal with the rapidly deteriorating situation and were in place around the Wooster Ave./Edgewood Ave. area by the morning of the 18^th. As the rioting began anew, the National Guard deployed a massive amount of tear gas in the area remembered by local residents as "just a huge cloud on the ground". This effectively ended the riot as a whole with most residents seeking escape from the gas, and citizens who had arrived to the area to witness/join the the riot quickly left the area by their own means. Almost immediately the Mayor of Akron, John S. Ballard called for an independant commision to detail the events of the riot, and to investigate the root causes of it. The riot officially was recognized as being put down on the 23^rd, with the investigative commission being appointed on the 26^th.

Organized Crime

Mafia leader Don Rosario Borgio arrived in Akron using a general goods store as a front and set up two back rooms for illegal operations. He controlled the Black Hand crime organization also all of gambling and brothels in the city while extorting wealthy citizens. In 1918 the Akron Police Department started agressively raiding Borgio's gambling and prostitution houses, locking up the operators and patrons. Due to the interference, Borgio held a meeting in his store with Black Hand leaders where he gave the order to assassinate every cop in Akron, with a $250 reward on every head. The order led to the murders of Officers Robert Norris, Edward Costigan, Joe Hunt, and Gethin Richards. Borgio Rosario died by the electric chair after having a case built up against him by Detective Fiaschetti over the slayings.

Blimps

Aerial view of the Akron-Fulton airport (then NAS Akron) in the 1940s, with the Goodyear Airdock visible on the left

Akron became the blimp hub of the United States due to the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company creating the Goodyear Zeppelin Company. The company made 9 blimps for the United States military during World War I and 104 during World War II. The company in it's most productive years completed the Pony, Pilgrim, Puritan, Volunteer, Mayflower, Vigilant, Defender, Reliance, Resolute, Enterprise, Ranger, Columbia, Akron, and the Macon.

From after the wars up til present day, the Akron based company use the blimps mainly for advertising purposes. The company created the "Skytacular," a sign with multiple colors flown from blimps and read by civilians on ground, signs can be see goodest at night. Since the 1950's the Goodyear Blimp would commonly appear at sporting events like MLB and NFL games. The company manufactured over three hundred zeppelins between 1917 and 1995, but currently just 4 airships are operated by the it in the United States. The Goodyear Blimp remains a popular corporate symbol for all Goodyear owned companies. The Goodyear Airdock, located on the eastside of Akron is one of the largest buildings in the world without interior supports.

Goodyear Inflatoplane at the Akron, Ohio test area over Wingfoot Lakes

The Goodyear Inflatoplane was built in 1956 with the idea that it could be used by the military as a rescue plane to be dropped in a hardened container behind enemy lines. The 44 cubic ft (1.25 cubic meter) container could also be transported by truck, jeep trailer or aircraft. There were two main versions of the plane, the GA-468, a single-seater, and the GA-466, a two-seater version.

Geography

Topography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62.4 square miles (161.6 km²), of which, 62.1 square miles (160.8 km²) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.9 km²) of it (0.54%) is water.

Climate

Akron has a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfa), with cold but changeable winters, wet, cool springs, warm (sometimes hot) and humid summers, and cool, rather dry autumns. Precipitation is fairly well-distributed through the year, but summer tends to have the most rainfall (and also, somewhat paradoxically, the most sunshine), and autumn the least. The mid-autumn through early-spring months tend to be quite cloudy, with sometimes less than 30% possible sunshine. The cloudiest month is December, and the sunniest month is usually July, which is also, somewhat ironically, the wettest month.

Winters tend to be cold, with average January high temperatures of 33°F (1°C), and average January lows of 17°F (–8°C), with considerable variation in temperatures. During a typical January, high temperatures of over 50°F (10°C) are just as common as low temperatures of below 0°F (–18°C). Snowfall is lighter than the snowbelt areas to the north, but is still somewhat influenced by Lake Erie. Akron-Canton Airport generally averages about 47.4 inches (1,204 mm) of snow per winter. During a typical winter, temperatures drop below 0°F (–18°C) on about 6 occurrences, generally only during the nighttime hours.

Summers are warm, sometimes hot, with average July high temperatures of 82°F (28°C), and average July lows of 61°F (16°C). Summer weather is more stable, generally humid with thunderstorms fairly common. Temperatures reach or exceed 90°F (32°C) about 9 times each summer, on average. In hot summers, such as 1988, however, as many as 30 days over 90 °F (32 °C) have been observed, and in cooler summers, such as the summer of 2000, the temperature may never reach 90°F (32°C). Temperatures over 100°F (38°C) are rare (about once per decade on average), most recently occurring on several occasions in the hot summer of 1988.

The all-time record high in Akron of 104°F (40°C) was established on August 6, 1918, and the all-time record low of –25°F (–32°C) was set on January 19, 1994.

Climate data for Akron, Ohio
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Source: National Weather Service

Cityscape

File:Akroncityscape.jpg

Downtown Akron in early 2008 before completion of bridge section of the Ohio Erie Canal tow path and FirstMerit sign

See also: Timeline of Akron, Ohio

Downtown

Financial and legal offices, hotel, hospital, government and other civic buildings predominate in Akron. Commercial uses and light industry are the primary land uses south of Cedar Street, in Opportunity Park and along Wolf Ledges Street. The historic Ohio and Erie Canal provides business, recreation. Downtown features adaptive re-use of historic structures such as the B.F. Goodrich plant (Canal Place) combined with modern additions. These include the Canal Park baseball stadium, Knight Convention Center, Inventors’ Hall of Fame. Residential redevelopment includes conversion of the YMCA into modern apartments and construction of new condominiums at the Landings at Canal Park. Downtown is about equally divided between Whites and African-Americans.

Neighborhoods

Elizabeth Park Valley located on the north/westside was developed around the old Ohio & Erie Canal in the mid-1800s. Many old canal locks are located in back yards. Part of the Cascade Locks Historic District, is is the site of the restored Mustill House & Store. The Towpath Trail, which is planned to one day stretch from Lake Erie to New Philadelphia, brings thousands of hikers and bikers to the area each year.

Chapel Hill located on the north/eastside is one of Akron’s two large commercial districts. The area is mostly commercial north of Tallmadge Avenue, with a commercial and retail mix on Tallmadge Avenue. There is major retail development along Home Avenue, Howe Road, and Brittain Road, with the retail area anchored by the Chapel Hill Mall. Chapel Hill is 79% Caucasian.

East Akron located on the eastside has industrial and commercial land uses east of Kelly Avenue. If South Arlington Street is East Akron’s “Main Street”, the 11,375-square-foot (1,056.8 m2) East Akron Community House (E.A.C.H.) is “Town Hall”. Located south of I-76 and east of I-77, the neighborhood has good highway access. East Akron is an ethnically diverse neighborhood about equally divided between African-Americans and Whites.

Ellet located on the eastside is physically separated from the other neighborhoods by a Highway Interstate 76, a river, and an airport. Ellet includes many of Akron’s bigger attractions including the University of Akron’s Rubber Bowl. Next door is Derby Downs home of the annual All-American Soap Box Derby. The Goodyear Airdock owned by Lockheed Martin, which runs a sizeable operation in Ellet. The Akron Fulton Airport is also nearby. Commercial activity is scattered mostly on East Market Street, part of Ohio Route 18 and Eastgate Plaza on Canton Road (State Route 91). In recent years, new retail redevelopment has also taken place south of Hyre Park. Ellet is 94% Caucasian.

Fairlawn Heights located on the westside was designed to be a single-family neighborhood featuring elegant homes on large lots in a country-like setting. Retail, office, and some apartment development along West Market Street are the sole exception. Fairlawn Heights’ population is 90% white, 5% African-American, and 5% Asian. Firestone Park located on the south/eastside and pushed the limits of the area beyond its original borders. City publications draw the park as far south as Firestone Country Club, annexed from Coventry Township in 1985. Firestone Park, a public park shaped like the original Firestone shield emblem, is at the heart of the community. It is surrounded by churches, a school, a community center, library, and a small business district.

Goodyear Hieghts located on the eastside have neighborhood-level retail development at Six Corners. Eastwood Avenue near Darrow borders suburban style strip shopping centers. The Goodyear Heights Metropolitan Park provides a wide range of recreational activities to people throughout the area.

Highland Square located on the westside is known as one of the more eclectic areas of Akron. It is a residential area where famous residents such as John S. Knight, Senator Charles Dick, presidential candidate Wendell Willkie, industrialist Paul Litchfield, and Alcoholics Anonymous founder Dr. Robert Smith have lived. Highland Square is strongly progressive and the neighborhood has a reputation for activism. In terms of party politics, the area housed John Kerry’s Summit County Headquarters was located in a Highland Square storefront during the 2004 Presidential Election. Many businesses are either gay-owned or gay-friendly. The commercial part of Highland Square is anchored by the historic Highland Theater and a new retail development which includes a public library. The region's oldest feature is the Portage Path, which passes along the street of that name. For decades the statue of an Indian has watched over this pathway where Native Americans carried their canoes between the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers. When first erected by Gus Kasch, the Indian statue stood along the curb on West Market Street, but now the refurbished statue stands on a landscaped site on the corner of Portage Path and West Market Street.

Kenmore located on the south/westside was incorporated as a self sufficient city supporting its own doctors, lawyers, and churches. Kenmore Boulevard served as the retail and commercial center. In 1929, the City of Kenmore was annexed by the City of Akron. Kenmore land use is primarily single-family residential, with the following exceptions: East Avenue, which has mixed residential and retail uses; Manchester Road features retail uses; and the area between Wilbeth Roadand Waterloo Road is mostly industrial-commercial. Summit Lake and Margaret Park, Nesmith Lake and Park, Prentiss Park, Mud Run Golf Course and Kenmore Community Center on Kenmore Boulevard offer recreational opportunities. Kenmore’s population is over 90% White.

Lane – Wooster located on the westside is home to the Akron Zoo, which has recently been remodelled. Miller South School for the Visual and Performing Arts, draws children from all parts of Summit County. Wooster Avenue was recently renamed Vernon Odom Boulevard, a nod to the neighborhood’s African American heritage. The area is the largest black neighborhood in Akron, with 87% of residents identifying themselves as such.

Merriman Valley located on the westside (locally known simply as "The Valley") provides a range of housing sizes, styles and price points. Retail and office development around the intersection of Portage Path and Merriman Road offers restaurant, live theater, convenience and niche shopping opportunities. Much of the Cuyahoga River valley is parkland, offering significant recreational opportunities.

Middlebury located on the eastside is home to Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company’s world headquarters and Summa hospital. Middlebury is accessible by both Interstate 76 to the south, and State Route 8 to the east. Middlebury is the most diversified out of the Akron neighborhoods, with almost six percent of ethnic backgrounds being neither African American nor Caucasian.

North Hill located on the northside served as one of the melting pots during Akron’s expansion and soon many Italians were settling down in the area. Italian mobster Rosario Borgio also lived in the neighborhood. The main roads still have low-rise commercial buildings, scattered in between the used car lots and mechanics. Many authentic Italian eateries still stand, harkening back to the old North Hill, when Italian immigrants turned this area into an Old World village where they could speak their native language and partake in the traditions of their homeland. Although the area still has pockets of Italians, the area has largely diversified since the great white flight. North Hill is 73% Caucasian.

Northwest Akron located on the westside has a strong tradition of single-family homes set on large lots, with apartment buildings along Portage Path, in the Valley, and in the North Hawkins area. West Market Street offers convenient retail. Large estate homes around Portage Path and Merriman Road offer upscale residential options. The Northwest Community Center, Hardesty Park and the Sand Run Metropolitan Park provide numerous recreational opportunities. Northwest Akron has a larger percentage White population than the City.

Rolling Acres located on the south/westside with just more than 1,000 housing units, Rolling Acres is the least residential of Akron's 21 neighborhoods. Rolling Acres was a major commercial hub from the mid-1970s though the late 1980s. The area is stationed at the south-western border of Akron, with Rolling Acres Mall as its anchor. The mall, due to unpaid electric bills and back taxes, is expected to close. Rolling Acres has more undeveloped land than is typical of Akron neighborhoods. The Rolling Acres Mall and big box retail dominated Romig Road. East Avenue retains mixed retail and residential use. The Mud Run Golf Course is in the center of the neighborhood. The largest residential areas are west of East Avenue.

South Akron located on the southside is predominantly a residential, single-family area between Lovers’ Lane and Archwood Avenue. A mix of light industrial activity and residential use occurs between Lovers’ Lane and I-76. Small areas of retail use occur along South Main Street, South Street, Brown Street, and Grant Street. South Akron’s population mix almost exactly mirrors that of the City, with about two-thirds White and slightly less than one-third African-American. A Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian enclave in the area around Brown Street and Lovers’ Lane creates a diverse mix of cultures.

Summit Lake located on the southside land use is primarily mixed residential, with multi-family housing on the east side of the lake. Summit Lake occupies a large portion of the area. The Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath currently ends north of the lake. The Summit Lake Community Center and Park is on the east side of Summit Lake, and Margaret Park is on the west side. A large industrial area occupies land south of Kenmore Boulevard. Light industrial or retail uses exist between Main Street and Broadway. Summit Lake is Akron’s most diverse neighborhood. Eighty-three percent of the population is about equally split between White and African-American; the remaining population consists of Other racial and ethnic groups.

University Park Located on the eastside also called "Spicertown", The University of Akron campus dominates the University Park neighborhood. Wolf Ledges Parkway in the Southwest is lined with modern low-rise office buildings. A neighborhood retail cluster on Exchange Street called Spicertown serves the University area, as does retail along East Market Street. An older industrial area lies between Carroll and Exchange Streets east of the University. University Park has slightly higher percentages of Whites and ethnic groups other than African-Americans than are typical of Akron.

Wallhaven located on the westside is in the northwest part of the City surrounding the West Market, West Exchange, and Hawkins Avenue intersection. Wallhaven is a destination retail area offering groceries, restaurants and specialty retail. Wallhaven also has numerous professional offices in converted residences and mostly one-story or low rise office buildings. The International Chemical Workers Union Building is a notable high-rise exception. Hardesty Park, Forest Lodge Park, and the Northwest Community Center nearby offer recreational opportunities. Wallhaven has a majority White population with some ethnic diversity.

West Akron located on the westside land use is primarily single-family residential, with multifamily activity along South Hawkins and Copley Road. A shopping center and other retail near the intersection of Hawkins Avenue and Odom Boulevard form the largest commercial center. Copley Road provides neighborhood level retail services. Erie Island Park, the Good Park Municipal Golf Course, Schneider Park, Forest Lodge, Hawkins Park, the Lawton Street Community Center, and Perkins Park containing the Akron Zoo offer significant recreational opportunities. West Akron has an 80% African-American population with some ethnic diversity.

File:Akron map.jpg

Akron neighborhood locations

See also: Akron Neighborhoods

Unincoperated Neighborhoods

Maple Valley - The neighborhood covers the west end of Copley Road, before reaching I-77. Along this strip are several businesses using the name, as well as the Maple Valley Branch of the Akron-Summit County Public Library.

Spicertown - Falling under the blanket of "University Park" found above, this term is used frequently to describe the student-centered retail and residential area around East Exchange St. and Spicer, near the University of Akron.

West Hill - West Hill is roughly bounded by West Market on the north, West Exchange on the south, Downtown on the East, and Rhodes Ave. on the West. It features many stately older homes, particularly in the recently recognized Oakdale Historic District. The neighborhood is served by the active West Hill Neighborhood Organization (WHNO).

Suburbs

Akron's older inner-ring or "first" suburbs include Fairlawn, Baberton, Cuyahoga Falls, Stow, Tallmadge.

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1850	3,266		—
1860	3,477		6.5%
1870	10,006		187.8%
1880	16,512		65.0%
1890	27,601		67.2%
1900	42,728		54.8%
1910	69,067		61.6%
1920	208,435		201.8%
1930	255,040		22.4%
1940	244,791		−4.0%
1950	274,605		12.2%
1960	290,351		5.7%
1970	275,425		−5.1%
1980	237,177		−13.9%
1990	223,019		−6.0%
2000	217,074		−2.7%
2007 (est.)	207,934

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 217,074 people, 90,116 households, and 53,709 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,497.3 people per square mile (1,350.3/km²). There were 97,315 housing units at an average density of 1,567.9/sq mi (605.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 67.22% White, 28.48% African American, 0.26% Native American, 1.50% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.43% from other races, and 2.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.16% of the population. The top 5 largest ancestries include German (18.1%), Irish (11.5%), English (7.2%), Italian (6.8%), and American (6.4%)[1].

There were 90,116 households out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.4% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the city the population was spread out with 25.3% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,835, and the median income for a family was $39,381. Males had a median income of $31,898 versus $24,121 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,596. About 14.0% of families and 17.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.7% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.

Akron has a metropolitan population of 694,960 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). Akron is also part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area, which was the 14th largest in the country with a population of over 2.9 million according to the 2000 Census.

Law and Government

See also: List of Mayors of Akron, Ohio

Summit County Courthouse

The city adopted a new charter of the commissioner manager type in 1920, but reverted to its old form in 1924. The current mayor of Akron is Don Plusquellic. Mayor Plusquellic is currently serving his fifth term, and was the President of the United States Conference of Mayors during 2004. He is also a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, a bi-partisan group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets." The Coalition is co-chaired by Boston, Massachusetts Mayor Thomas Menino and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg.

The Akron City Council has thirteen members. Ten are elected to represent wards and three are elected at large.

In 1915, a new municipal water system was established. It also included a reservoir on the Cuyahoga River with storage capacity of 2,385,200,000 gallons (9,027,982,000 liters), a complete purification system, and a pumping station.

Economy

Akron is home to two Fortune 500 companies: the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and FirstEnergy. In addition, Akron is home to a number of smaller companies such as GOJO, makers of Purell, Advanced Elastomer Systems, FirstMerit Bank, Roadway Express (a subsidiary of Yellow Roadway), Myers Industries, an international manufacturer of polymer products, Acme Fresh Market and Lockheed Martin, Maritime Systems & Sensors division. The City of Akron created the first Joint Economic Development District to promote regional commerce with neighboring suburbs.

Education

The Art Deco Mayflower Manor Apartment Apartments formerly the Mayflower Hotel. Rising 207 feet (63 m), it is an Akron landmark. Also shown is the Polsky Building. It was once a leading department store. It is now owned by the University of Akron and houses various departments for the school.

Higher education

The city is home to the University of Akron, which serves nearly 26,000 students, making it the fifth largest public university in the state. It is regarded as a world leader in polymer research. The University recently underwent a $300 million dollar construction project, which added nine new buildings and renovated fourteen, and closed Carroll and Union Streets. The University also offers a combined B.S./M.D. program with the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine. A new football stadium, Summa Field at InfoCision Stadium, is being built on-campus as a replacement for the University's previous stadium, the Rubber Bowl.

Akron is also located in close proximity to several other colleges and universities including the main campus of Kent State University in nearby Kent; Hiram College in Hiram; and the College of Wooster in Wooster as well as several schools in the Cleveland area.

Secondary education

Elementary and secondary education is mainly provided by the Akron Public Schools, which are currently going through a 15-year, $800 million rebuilding process, remodeling some schools and entirely replacing others. Some schools will be closing permanently due to a drop in enrollment. The school board could not get a levy passed to pay for its portion of the construction expense so it worked out an arrangement with the city of Akron where the city will use the money from a new income tax to pay for Community Learning Centers, which will serve as schools but be owned by the city. Meanwhile the academic situation has improved recently as the city’s schools have been moved from “Academic Watch” to “Continuous Improvement” by the Ohio Department of Education.

Private education

Akron also has many private, parochial and charter schools. Akron Public Schools made headlines in 2004 when a freshman student of Akron Digital Academy, the district’s own online charter school, was not allowed to participate in extracurricular activities, an event later covered and satirized by The Daily Show. St. Vincent - St. Mary High School, just west of Akron’s downtown, also made headlines when basketball star LeBron James was drafted by the Cleveland Cavaliers first overall after his graduation in 2003. Akron-based Summit Academy Schools is the largest system of non-profit community schools in the country which are specifically designed for students with learning disorders such as ADHD, Asperger's Syndrome, high-functioning autism and PDD-NOS.

Culture and entertainment

The Akron Civic Theater on South Main Street

Akron has a diverse heritage of restaurants and shopping centers. Quaker Square, located in the heart of Akron’s downtown, was redeveloped in the early 1970s as a downtown mall, created from the old Quaker Oats factory, which originally operated at that location. The oat silos had been transformed into unique, round hotel rooms. Recently, the University of Akron purchased this complex for its own use—primarily as residence-hall space .

Highland Square, located in near West Akron and anchored by the historic Highland Theatre, is a well-known entertainment district, featuring antique stores, retail shops, and several unique restaurants and taverns. Other unique and historically significant Akron neighborhoods include Goodyear Heights and Firestone Park, originally developed and designed for employees of the large Akron rubber companies. Likewise, Northwest Akron is home to a number of large mansions, many of which, like the famous Stan Hywet Hall, were built early in the 20th century for the upper management of these companies, as well as the city's many other industries. During the summer, Akron hosts the National Hamburger Festival, a tribute to the city's role in the invention of the hamburger. Each summer Akron hosts the All American Soap Box Derby. Children from around the world race their homemade, gravity-powered race cars down the steep hill at Derby Downs in the shadow of the Goodyear Airdock.

Adjacent to the Derby Downs race hill is a 19,000-square-foot (1,800 m²) outdoor skatepark. The park features concrete ramps, including two bowls going as deep as 7 feet (2.1 m), a snake run, two hips, a stair set with handrail, many smaller quarter pipes and a variety of grind boxes. Positioned just a few feet from the Akron Skatepark is a BMX course where organized races are often held in the warmer months.

The city is also home to several museums, including:

• Akron Art Museum
• The Archives of the History of American Psychology
• National Inventors Hall of Fame
• Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens
• American Marble and Toy Museum
• Goodyear World of Rubber Museum
• Musica Concert Club

Akron in music

Aside from Akron's North Hill neighborhood's jazz history for decades Akron has been on the music scene in many genres starting from the 1950s with Howard Hewett with hits 'Im For Real', 'Stay', and 'Say Amen', then continued in the 70's by Chrissie Hynde of The Pretenders with hits 'Stop Your Sobbing', 'Kid', and 'Brass in Pocket'. Devo who were a pioneer of the music video, creating many memorable clips that were popular in the early days of MTV in the 80's maintained Akron's presence with their hit 'Whip it'. In the 80's more of Akron native sons kept the city on the "map" like James Ingram with 'Baby, come to me' and younger brother Phillip Ingram, and Buckner & Garcia with 'Pac Man Fever'. In the 90's and present decade hip-hop and rock have been the main focus of Akron musicians with bands such as Rubber City Rebels with '(I wanna) Pierce my brain' and rapper Chino Nino who collaborated with Juvenile and B.G. on the track 'U.P.T. to da Top' off his album 'Get Wet' and The Black Keys whose songs have been used in soundtracks for many movies. See also Midwest hip hop

Sports

Akron is the home to two professional sports teams:

Club	Sport	Year Founded	League	Venue	Championships
Akron Aeros (AA affiliate of the Cleveland Indians)	Minor League Baseball	1997	Eastern League	Canal Park	2 (2003,2005) Southern Division Champions (2003,2005,2006,2007)
Akron Racers	Softball	1998	NPF	Firestone Stadium	1 (2005)

Akron is also home to the Northeast Ohio Rock n Roller Girls, a flat track roller derby league which was founded in 2007. Their venue is the arena complex at the Summit County Fairgrounds.

Media

Office Complex in Downtown Akron

Print media

• Akron Beacon Journal
• The Buchtelite (University of Akron)
• West Side Leader (Leader Publications)
• Akron Life & Leisure (Baker Media Group)

Radio

See also: Akron Radio

• WZIP 88.1 [2] (Top 40 / College – University of Akron)
• WAPS 91.3 (Varied formats: local artists, modern rock, blues, jazz and Public Radio sponsored by Akron Public Schools)
• WAKR 1590 (Talk)
• WKDD 98.1 (Adult Contemporary)
• WHLO 640 (News/talk)
• WJMP 1520 (Fox Sports Radio)
• WKSU 89.7 (National Public Radio, operated from the campus of Kent State University)
• WONE 97.5 (Classic Rock)
• WNIR-FM 100.1 (News/talk)
• WSTB 88.9 (Alternative)
• WARF 1350 (Sporting News Ohio)
• WQMX 94.9 (Country)

Television

Akron is unique in that despite its size, it does not form its own television market, primarily due to being less than 40 miles (64km) from Cleveland. It is part of the Cleveland-Akron (Canton) Media market. However, four stations in the market are licensed to Akron.

• WAOH-LP (Independent)
• WEAO (PBS)
• WVPX (ION)
• WBNX (CW)

WAOH and WEAO serve the city of Akron specifically, while WBNX and WVPX identify themselves as "Akron-Cleveland", serving the entire Northeast Ohio market. Akron has no native news broadcast, having lost its only news station when the former WAKC became WVPX in 1996. WVPX and Cleveland's WKYC later provided a joint news program, which was cancelled in 2005.

Infrastructure

Art Deco Apartment Building in Downtown Akron

Health

Akron's adult hospitals are owned by two health systems, Summa Health System and Akron General Health System. Summa Health System operates Akron City Hospital and St. Thomas Hospital, an orthopedic hospital located in the North Hill neighborhood. Akron General Health System operates Akron General Medical Center. Akron Children's Hospital is an independent entity that specializes in pediatric and burn care. Both Akron City Hospital and Akron General have been on the U.S. News and World Report Magazine's list of "Best Hospitals" many times. It is worth noting that both AGMC and Summa are designated Level I Trauma Centers. By comparison, Akron's much larger urban neighbor to the north, Cleveland, has only one.

Towpath bridge leading into Downtown Akron

Transportation

Akron’s transportation needs are fulfilled by two major interstates, Interstate 76 and Interstate 77. I-76, I-77, and Route 8 meet at one central interchange, which is commonly known by the same name. The central interchange divides the city into four quadrants. The Interstate 76 Eastern Expressway weaves through much of Akron’s warehouse sector and the Goodyear world headquarters is easily visible. I-76 is paired with I-77 for about two miles (3 km) west of the central interchange, and then splits off again, with I-76 later being paired with US-224 and I-77 heading north towards Cleveland. This portion of highway is currently under review by ODOT for reconstruction. The Western highway is a major route to Cleveland and Columbus, and is a near term destination to Fairlawn, a major commercial area. Route 8 has been overhauled numerous times and serves as a major entryway for the north-eastern suburbs, namely Cuyahoga Falls, Munroe Falls, Stow and Hudson. There is also one highway to the south, U.S. Highway 224, part of which is also notated as Interstate 277 (I-277 connects I-77 with I-76). The Martin Luther King Jr. Freeway, commonly known as the Innerbelt, includes part of the longer Route 59. It serves the very center of the city, and was supposed to run from the I-76 / I-77 to Route 8. However, due to poor planning, the Innerbelt was never completed and only runs to Main St./Howard St. Route 59 also lacks direct I-76W / I-77N inbound and offbound ramps, furthering its problems. Mayor Don Plusquellic has brought up the idea of tearing up the northern end of the Innerbelt in order to free land for development, although some residents have stated that they would like to see it completely connected as originally planned.

Public transportation is available through the METRO RTA system, which has a fleet of over two hundred buses and trolleys, and operates local routes as well as running commuter buses into downtown Cleveland. Stark Area Regional Transit Authority (SARTA) also has a bus line running between Canton and Akron. Amtrak closed its station near Quaker Square in 2005. Airline passengers travelling to or from Akron use either the Akron-Canton Regional Airport in Green or Cleveland Hopkins International Airport. Two low-fare airlines, Frontier Airlines and AirTran Airways, have begun serving Akron-Canton in recent years, making that airport a fairly popular alternative for travellers to or from the Cleveland area. Akron Fulton Airport serves private planes and is the home of the Lockheed Martin Airdock, where the Goodyear blimps were formerly stored and maintained. The Goodyear blimps are now housed outside of Akron in a facility on the shores of Wingfoot Lake in Suffield.

The Towpath is a regional bike and hike trail that follows the Ohio and Erie Canal. A bridge was completed in Summer 2008, crossing Route 59/The Innerbelt, which connects the Towpath proper with bike routes painted onto downtown Akron's city streets, thus completing another step towards the connection of Cleveland and East Liverpool with a hike and bike trail.

The Akron RTA Transit Center located on South Broadway Street features 432 solar panels on the roof making it the largest single array in Ohio will provide about 33 percent of the facility's yearly needs, and recyclable water as part of an effort to go green. It also has installed geothermal heating and cooling seats for 300 people, free wireless internet access, and 45 geothermal wells sunk 305ft into the earth providing heat and air conditioning for the facility. An Akron Police Department substation with two police officers working all hours of transfer operation and more than 90 security cameras are also on site. Greyhound Bus services will also give bus transportation through the facility who currently operates out of its own terminal on Grant Street. Alternative to walking passengers can take a free loop bus running from downtown on Main Street to the terminal.

List of events and objects the city of Akron witnessed first

The world's largest model train display at the Depot, at Quaker Square (former site of the Quaker Oats Co.)

• Balloon tire
• Automobile tires made in the United States
• Rubber-wound golf ball
• Breakfast cereal
• Artificial fish bait
• Cotton-covered rubber fire hose
• U.S. toy company
• Synthetic rubber tire
• Commercial tubeless tire
• Graded school system in United States
• Automobile police patrol wagon
• Long distance electric railway in world
• U.S. space suits
• Trans-active science museum (National Inventors Hall of Fame)
• Meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous
• National Football League champions (1920) (Akron Professionals)
• Zeppelin built in the United States
• Joint Economic Development District (JEDD)
• Community of the World Wide Web to get high speed Internet Access via Time Warner Road Runner.
• Officers in the country to be equipped and trained with the high tech Israeli gun CornerShot.
• Community with AboutGolf Virtual Simulation Software simulator installed Golf Galaxy.

Akron in popular culture

• Scenes from ...All the Marbles (reissued as The California Dolls) were shot on Akron's eastside by the Goodyear factory and downtown at the Akron wrestling arena.

• In Animal Planet 's Animal Miracles Season 1 episode 10 Hospital Pony, is filmed in Akron, Ohio.

• The television series Im in Hell is set in Akron Ohio.

• The Bewitched episode 88 was filmed in Akron, Ohio at the Derby Downs.

• In the 2008 movie Blackout main character CJ was killed for an Akron born Lebron James number 23 jersey near the end of the movie. The Aug. 14, NorthEast Blackout which was cause by when FirstEnergy 's 550-megawatt, coal-fired Eastlake power plant in Akron Ohio stopped running at 2 p.m and in response FirstEnergy pulled 20 percent of its load of electricity out of Michigan to meet needs and lead to a domino effect of power drainages and overloads spanding into Canada which deprived New York of power it had relied on, leading to the blackout.

• MTV's Busted Live hosted by Tony Yayo patrols in Calvert County, Maryland and Akron, Ohio.

• In CSI: Crime Scene Investigation episode 9.02 The Happy Place, Paula's record shows she worked in Akron, Ohio.

• Gilmore Girls episode The Ins and Outs of Inns, Richard goes on a bussiness trip in Akron, Ohio.

• History Detectives Season 1 episode The Mid West Sears Home, takes place in Akron, Ohio.

• In Mickey Mouse Club C-049 Mouseketeer Adventure Special was filmed at the Derby Downs in Akron, Ohio.

• My Own Worst Enemy episode 1.01: Breakdown, Heny Spivey recalls spending a night in a hotel in Akron, Ohio.

• Prison Break episode The Message, Micheal and Lincoln travel to the St. Thomas Hospital in Akron to roundezvous with Sara, but only Sara does not make it.

• Seinfeld episode The Comeback, George flies to Akron, Ohio.

• The 1983 movie The Instructor was filmed in Akron, Ohio.

• In the television show The Office, Dunder Mifflin has an office located in Akron, Ohio.

• In the Venture Bros. Season 1 episode 4 The Incredible Mr. Brisby Brock and Molotov Cocktease speak of an encounter they had in Akron, Ohio at a Laser Zeppelin show.

• The Virgin of Akron, Ohio, is set in Akron, Ohio.

• The States episode Virginia, Ohio, Idaho, Alabama, North Dakota, scenes are shot in Akron, Ohio of an APD officer.

• The Real Real World episode July 17 Leviticus' return Location: Akron, Ohio Occupation: Strippers.

• The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air episode 78: It's Better to Have Loved and Lost It, while having a card game Will ask his friend if he cut high school in Akron, Ohio to go to Soul Train which is filmed in Los Angeles.

Infamous murders in the city were documented in television series such as

• American Justice episode 186 - Who Killed Hannah Hill?

• Autopsy episode Secrets of the Dead The Margo Prade Story

• City Confidential episode Akron: Brother Against Brother

• Cold Case Files episode Abandoned Houses / A Son's Memory

• Murder by the Book season 2 episode 2

• Psychic Detective episode Officer Down

• Sensing Murder episode Missing Teens

Notable natives

Main category: People from Akron, Ohio

See also List of people from Akron, Ohio

• Lola Albright
• R. W. Apple, Jr.
• Art Arfons
• Joseph Arthur
• Dan Auerbach
• Tom Batiuk
• Umar Bin Hassan
• The Black Keys
• Ray C. Bliss
• William Boyett
• Glen Buxton
• Patrick Carney
• Bob Casale
• Gerald Casale
• David Allan Coe
• Stephen Curry
• Keith Dambrot
• John Dean
• James Akins
• Andy Alleman
• Harold Anderson
• Melissa Baker
• Ken Batcher
• Art Becker
• Terry Bevington
• Rosario Borgio
• Phil Boggs
• Dante Booker
• Dave Brown
• Dow W. Harter
• Daniel Hesidence
• Michael Holley
• Walter B. Huber
• Jeff Golub
• Helen Jepson
• Charlton Keith
• Jack Kiser
• Bob Knepper
• James L. Knight

• Charles W. F. Dick
• Rita Dove
• Hugh Downs
• Angie Everhart
• Shirley Fry
• Leon Harris
• James Harrison
• Howard Hewett
• Roger Hoover
• Chrissie Hynde
• James Ingram
• Lux Interior
• LeBron James
• Jim Jarmusch
• David Jenkins
• Hayes Alan Jenkins
• Gus Johnson
• Steve Johnson
• Melina Kanakaredes
• Walter Hermann Bucher
• E. J. Burt
• Jimmy Butler
• Len Chandler
• Arthur L. Conger
• Jarrod Cooper
• Cheryl Crawford
• Mark Croghan
• Jimmy Darrow
• Frank Dicopoulos
• Michael Dokes
• Thomas Lewis
• Brian Lisik
• Doug Marsh
• Banjo Matthews
• Frank W. Mayborn
• Andy McCollum
• Frances McGovern
• Mike Lenz
• Cliff Battles

• Heather Kozar
• Jani Lane
• Jerome Lane
• Bob Lape
• Bob Lewis
• Liam Lynch
• Michael McKeon
• Vaughn Monroe
• Bob Mothersbaugh
• Jim Mothersbaugh
• Mark Mothersbaugh
• Thurman Munson
• Ruby Nash
• Russell Oberlin
• Coondog O'Karma
• Tim "Ripper" Owens
• Ara Parseghian
• Gary Pinkel
• Eddie Elias
• Harold G. Epperson
• Art Kusnyer
• Brock Kreitzburg
• Leonard Firestone
• Steve Fitzhugh
• Fatina Salaheddine
• Trent Ford
• Rick Forzano
• Mike Fox
• Elizabeth Franz
• Marian Mercer
• Gene Mingo
• Ron Negray
• Donnie Nickey
• Gabe Norwood
• Les Olsson
• Stanford R. Ovshinsky
• Paige Palmer
• Jaroslav Pelikan
• Christopher Pottenger
• Matt Simon

• Antonio Pittman
• Richard Quick
• Robert Quine
• W. V. Quine
• Rod Reisman
• Rick Renstrom
• Judith Resnik
• Thomas C. Sawyer
• Richard Smalley
• Neal Smith
• Christina Hoff Sommers
• Tyrell Sutton
• Rachel Sweet
• Nate Thurmond
• Antoine Winfield
• Chris Wells
• Ray Wise
• Gene Woodling
• Dominic Frasca
• William H. Gerstenmaier
• Dick Goddard
• Harvey Gold
• Tin Huey
• Charlie Greer
• Jeffrey Dahmer
• Kris Haines
• Hammer Damage
• Rubber City Rebels
• DEVO
• Dave Hampton
• Ricky Powers
• Willard Van Orman Quine
• Ron Rector
• Nikola Resanovic
• Sydne Rome
• Ruby Nash Curtis
• Thomas C. Sawyer
• John F. Seiberling
• Chuck Share

Fictional characters

• Jiminy Glick
• Needful Things Leland Gaunt
• Rugrats Tommy
• Rugrats Didi
• Rugrats Stu
• Jake 2.0 Jake Foley
• M.Y.O.B. Riley Veatch
• My Name is Bill W. Bill Wilson
• NipTuck Monica Wilder
• Private Practice Cooper
• Robot Chicken Toy Meets Girl Beast Man
• Shark Wayne Callison
• In Too Deep J. Reid

Sister cities

Akron has two sister cities, as designated by the Sister Cities International:

- Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany - Kiryat Ekron, Israel

References

Further reading

• Akron Chamber of Commerce Year Book, (1913-14)
• The University of Akron Press
• Dyer, Joyce, Gum-Dipped: A Daughter Remembers Rubber Town, The University of Akron Press: Akron (2003)
• Endres, Kathleen, Akron's Better Half: Women's Clubs and the Humanization of a City, 1825-1925, The University of Akron Press: Akron (2006)
• Jones, Alfred Winslow, Life, Liberty, & Property: A Story of Conflict and a Measurement of Conflicting Rights, The University of Akron Press: Akron (1999)
• Russ Musarra and Chuck Ayers, Walks around Akron, The University of Akron Press: Akron (2007)
• S. A. Lane, Fifty Years and Over of Akron and Summit County, (Akron, 1892)
• S. Love and David Giffels, Wheels of Fortune: The Story of Rubber in Akron, Ohio, The University of Akron Press: Akron (1998)
• S. Love, Ian Adams, and Barney Taxel, Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens, The University of Akron Press: Akron (2000)
• F. McGovern, Written on the Hills: The Making of the Akron Landscape, The University of Akron Press: Akron (1996)
• F. McGovern, Fun, Cheap, and Easy: My Life in Ohio Politics, 1949-1964, The University of Akron Press: Akron (2002).

External links

• Template:Wikitravel
• City of Akron
• Akron Public Schools
• Akron-Summit County Public Library
• History of Akron & Summit County