800 metres
| Athletics 800 metres | |
|---|---|
 800 metres final in Daegu 2011. | |
| World records | |
| Men |  David Rudisha 1:40.91 (2012) |
| Women |  Jarmila Kratochvílová 1:53.28 (1983) |
| Olympic records | |
| Men | David Rudisha 1:40.91 (2012) |
| Women |  Nadezhda Olizarenko 1:53.43 (1980) |
The 800 metres, or 800 meters (US spelling), is a common track running event. It is the shortest common middle-distance running event. The 800 metres is run over two laps of the track (400 metre track) and has been an Olympic event since the first games in 1896. During indoor track season the event is usually run on a 200-metre track, therefore requiring four laps.
The event was derived from the imperial measurement of a half a mile (880 yards), a traditional English racing distance. Imperial racing distances were common in the United States. American high schools (in the name of the NFHS) were the last to convert to metric distances in 1980, following the NCAA's conversion in 1976. Countries associated to the English system converted to metric distances after the 1966 Commonwealth Games. 800 m is 4.67 m less than half a mile.
The event combines aerobic endurance with anaerobic conditioning and sprint speed. Both the aerobic and anaerobic systems are being taxed to a high extent, thus the 800 metre athlete is required to combine training between both systems.
Runners in this event are often fast enough to compete in the 400 metres or the 4 × 400 metres relay[1] but only Alberto Juantorena and Jarmila Kratochvílová have won major international titles at 400 m and 800 m. If they are so inclined, 400 m runners are usually encouraged to run the 200 metres while 800 m runners are encouraged to run the 1500 metres or long distance events.
Training
800m runners have training plans that include both speed and endurance work, in order to improve both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems, as both of these are used in the race. Almost all 800m athletes’ training will be on the track during the outdoor season (Summer), and will mostly consist of repetitions of distances between 200m and 1000m. Coaches have varying opinions on training during Winter; some argue the athlete should continue to do 800m training and racing on indoor tracks, whereas others argue that cross-country running is more beneficial as it develops strength and endurance. 800 metre runners tend to include at least one longer run per week in their training schedule, but this may be more depending on their standard. For junior athletes these may be 2-4 miles (3-6km), however for senior athletes these may be 5-7 miles (8-11km). Sebastian Coe ran around 60-70 (95-110km) miles per week at his peak, whereas Steve Ovett ran 100-120 miles (160-190km). It is worth noting that the training of these two athletes was aimed at the 1500m and mile as well as the 800m. The higher an athlete’s standard, the more likely they are to do “strength and conditioning” training, which may include weight training, circuit training, or plyometrics.
Race tactics
The 800 m event is also known for its tactical racing techniques. Because the 800 m event is the shortest middle distance event that has all the runners converge on lane one, positioning on the cut-in and the position of the pack is critical to the outcome of the race. It is commonly believed that getting the first or second position early in the race is advantageous as these positions are not usually caught up in the pack. Olympic champions Dave Wottle, Yuriy Borzakovskiy and others have defied that logic by running a more evenly paced race, lagging behind the pack and kicking past the slowing early leaders. Often the winner of 800 m races at high levels are not determined by the strongest runner but instead by the athlete with the best positioning near the end of the race. This can lead to the most exciting aspect of the 800 m which is its high probability of an upset. Competitive races tend to put the athletes in different lanes.[2] Sometimes they start the race with the runners all bunch in the starting line making it very difficult to have a good start. This is common in youth running, but unlikely anywhere else.
Two common tactics for the 800 metres are running a negative split or a positive split between laps. The positive split is widely considered to be the more effective strategy, but on occasion experienced runners have been known to use a negative split to their advantage. A positive split is achieved by running the first lap faster than the second lap, and a negative split is achieved by the opposite, running the second lap faster than the first could help. The current world record holder, David Rudisha, runs using a positive split strategy. In his 2012 Olympic race, he ran his first lap in 49.28 seconds and his second lap in 51.63 seconds. Theoretically, an even split is the most effective strategy, but it is nearly impossible to achieve due to the race's length.
Continental records
| Area | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | |
| Africa (records) | 1:40.91 WR | David Rudisha | Kenya |
1:54.01 | Pamela Jelimo | Kenya
|
| Asia (records) | 1:42.79 | Yusuf Saad Kamel |  Bahrain |
1:55.54 | Dong Liu |  China
|
| Europe (records) | 1:41.11 | Wilson Kipketer |  Denmark |
1:53.28 WR | Jarmila Kratochvílová | Czechoslovakia
|
| North, Central America and Caribbean (records) |
1:42.60 | Johnny Gray |  United States |
1:54.44 | Ana Fidelia Quirot |  Cuba
|
| Oceania (records) | 1.44.21 | Joseph Deng |  Australia |
1:58.25 | Toni Hodgkinson |  New Zealand
|
| South America (records) | 1:41.77 | Joaquim Cruz |  Brazil |
1:56.58 | Letitia Vriesde |  Suriname
|
All-time top 25 fastest
Men
As of August 2018[3]
| Rank | Time | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1:40.91 | David Rudisha | Kenya
|
9 August 2012 | London | [4] |
| 2 | 1:41.11 | Wilson Kipketer | Denmark |
24 August 1997 | Cologne | |
| 3 | 1:41.73 | Sebastian Coe |  United Kingdom |
10 June 1981 | Florence | |
| 1:41.73 | Nijel Amos |  Botswana |
9 August 2012 | London | [4] | |
| 5 | 1:41.77 | Joaquim Cruz |  Brazil |
26 August 1984 | Cologne | |
| 6 | 1:42.05 | Emmanuel Korir | Kenya
|
22 July 2018 | London | [5] |
| 7 | 1:42.23 | Abubaker Kaki Khamis |  Sudan
|
4 June 2010 | Oslo | [6] |
| 8 | 1:42.28 | Sammy Koskei | Kenya |
26 August 1984 | Cologne | |
| 9 | 1:42.34 | Wilfred Bungei | Kenya |
8 September 2002 | Rieti | |
| 10 | 1:42.37 | Mohammed Aman |  Ethiopia
|
6 September 2013 | Brussels | [7] |
| 11 | 1:42.47 | Yuriy Borzakovskiy |  Russia
|
24 August 2001 | Brussels | |
| 12 | 1:42.51 | Amel Tuka |  Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
17 July 2015 | Fontvieille | [8] |
| 13 | 1:42.53 | Timothy Kitum | Kenya |
9 August 2012 | London | |
| Pierre-Ambroise Bosse |  France |
18 July 2014 | Fontvieille | |||
| 15 | 1:42.55 | André Bucher |  Switzerland |
17 August 2001 | Zürich | |
| 16 | 1:42.58 | Vebjørn Rodal |  Norway |
31 July 1996 | Atlanta | |
| 17 | 1:42.60 | Johnny Gray |  United States |
28 August 1985 | Koblenz | |
| 18 | 1:42.61 | Taoufik Makhloufi |  Algeria
|
15 August 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [9] |
| 19 | 1:42.62 | Patrick Ndururi | Kenya |
17 August 2001 | Zurich | |
| 20 | 1:42.67 | Alfred Kirwa Yego | Kenya |
6 September 2009 | Rieti | |
| 21 | 1:42.69 | Hezekiél Sepeng |  South Africa |
3 September 2009 | Brussels | |
| Japheth Kimutai | Kenya |
3 September 2009 | Brussels | |||
| 23 | 1:42.79 | Frederick Onyancha | Kenya |
31 July 1996 | Atlanta | |
| Yusuf Saad Kamel | Bahrain |
29 July 2008 | Fontvieille | |||
| 25 | 1:42.81 | Jean-Patrick Nduwimana |  Burundi |
17 August 2001 | Zürich |
Notes
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 1:42.32:
- David Rudisha also ran 1:41.01 (2010), 1:41.09 (2010), 1:41.33 (2011), 1:41.51 (2010), 1:41.54 (2012), 1:41.74 (2012), 1:42.01 (2009), 1:42.04 (2010), 1:42.12A (2012), 1:42.15 (2016).
- Wilson Kipketer also ran 1:41.24 (1997), 1:41.73 (1997), 1:41.83 (1996), 1:42.17 (1996), 1:42.20 (1997), 1:42.27 (1999), 1:42.32 (2002).
- Nijel Amos also ran 1:42.14 (2018).
Women
- Correct as of July 2018.[10]
Notes
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 1:55.28:
- Caster Semenya also ran 1:54.60 (2018), 1:55.16 (2017), 1:55.27 (2017, 2018), 1:55.28 (2016).
- Jarmila Kratochvílová also ran 1:54.68 (1983), 1:55.04 (1983).
- Ana Fidelia Quirot also ran 1:54.82 (1997).
- Nadezhda Olizarenko also ran 1:54.85 (1980).
- Pamela Jelimo also ran 1:54.87 (2008), 1:54.97 (2008), 1:54.99 (2008), 1:55.16 (2008).
- Olga Mineyeva also ran hand-timed 1:55.1 (1980).
Non-Legal Marks
- Yelena Soboleva of Russia's time of 1:54.85 set in Kazan on 18 July 2007 was annulled due to doping offense.
- Mariya Savinova of Russia's time of 1:55.87 set in Tula on 5 July 2008 was annulled due to doping offence.
Juniors
World junior records (19 and under) are held by Nijel Amos (1:41.73, London, 9 August 2012) and Pamela Jelimo (1:54.01, Zürich, 29 August 2008). Both marks coincidentally rank them as the third fastest ever.
Olympic medalists
Men
Women
World Championships medalists
Men
Medalists by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kenya (KEN) |
7 | 3 | 4 | 14 |
| 2 | Denmark (DEN) |
3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 3 | United States (USA)
|
1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 4 | Algeria (ALG) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| South Africa (RSA)
|
1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
 Canada (CAN)
|
1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
| 7 | Bahrain (BHR) |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 | Ethiopia (ETH) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Switzerland (SUI)
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
 West Germany (FRG)
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| France (FRA)
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 12 | Russia (RUS)
|
0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 13 |  Poland (POL) |
0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 14 | Brazil (BRA) |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 15 | Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Great Britain (GBR)
|
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 17 |  Italy (ITA)
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
 Netherlands (NED)
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Sudan (SUD)
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Burundi (BDI)
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Cuba (CUB) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 22 |  Djibouti (DJI)
|
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Norway (NOR)
|
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Women
Medalists by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kenya (KEN) |
3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| 2 |  Mozambique (MOZ) |
3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 3 | Cuba (CUB) |
3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 4 | South Africa (RSA) |
3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | United States (USA) |
1 | 2 | 5 | 8 |
| 6 | Soviet Union (URS) |
1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 7 |  East Germany (GDR) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 8 |  Belarus (BLR)
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Czech Republic (CZE) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Czechoslovakia (TCH) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
 Uganda (UGA)
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 12 | Russia (RUS) |
0 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 13 |  Morocco (MAR) |
0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 14 | Great Britain (GBR) |
0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 15 | Suriname (SUR) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 16 |  Austria (AUT) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 17 |  Romania (ROM) |
0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 18 |  Spain (ESP) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 19 | Burundi (BDI)
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Canada (CAN)
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
World Indoor Championships medalists
Men
Women
- A Known as the World Indoor Games
Season's bests
References
- ^ While 1500m runners are usually encouraged to run 5000 metres and/or 3000m steeplechase.
- ^ Versaw, Rob. "A Fan's Guide to the 800m". Arizona Milesplit. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ "All-time men's best 800m". alltime-athletics.com. 19 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- ^ a b "800 Metres Results". IAAF. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
- ^ "800m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 22 July 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
- ^ "800m Results". www.diamondleague-oslo.com. 4 June 2010. Archived from the original on 7 June 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "800m Result" (PDF). Samsung Diamond League. Omega Timing. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "800m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 17 July 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ "Men's 800m Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 15 August 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "All-time women's best 800m". alltime-athletics.com. 16 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
- ^ "800m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 30 June 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
- ^ "800m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 21 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
- ^ "800m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 21 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
- ^ On 10 February 2017, the Court of Arbitration for Sport upheld a four-year ban that effectively stripped of the gold medal of Mariya Savinova of Russia, based upon her biological passport. Caster Semenya of South Africa was advanced to gold, Ekaterina Poistogova of Russia to silver, and Pamela Jelimo of Kenya to bronze. Poistogova herself was later found guilty of doping, but her Olympic results were unaffected, and the IOC decided to upgrade her medal.
- ^ BBC Sport
- ^ "IAAF Toplist 800m Women Outdoor". IAAF. December 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
External links
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