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List of Bronze Age states

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Further information: 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, and 2nd millennium BC
Overview map of the world at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, color-coded by cultural stage:
  Palaeolithic or Mesolithic hunter-gatherers
  nomadic pastoralists
  simple farming societies
  complex farming societies (Old World Bronze Age, Andes)
  state societies (Fertile Crescent, China)
Bronze Age
↑ Chalcolithic
Africa, Near East (c. 3300–1200 BC)
Egypt, Anatolia, Caucasus, Elam, Levant, Mesopotamia, Sistan, Canaan Late Bronze Age collapse
East Asia (c. 3100–300 BC)
Erlitou, Erligang, Gojoseon, Jomon, Majiayao, Mumun, Qijia, Siwa, Wucheng, Xindian, Yueshi, Xia dynasty, Shang dynasty, Sanxingdui, Zhou dynasty
Eurasia and Siberia (c. 2700–700 BC)
Poltavka culture, Abashevo culture, Sintashta culture, Andronovo culture, Mezhovskaya culture, Cherkaskul culture
Europe (c. 3200–900 BC)
Aegean (Cycladic, Minoan, Mycenaean), Caucasus, Catacomb culture, Srubnaya culture, Bell Beaker culture, Apennine culture, Terramare culture, Únětice culture, Tumulus culture, Urnfield culture, Proto-Villanovan culture, Hallstatt culture, Canegrate culture, Golasecca culture, Argaric culture, Atlantic Bronze Age, Bronze Age Britain, Nordic Bronze Age
Indian subcontinent (c. 3300–1200 BC)
Indus Valley Civilisation, Bronze Age India, Ochre Coloured Pottery, Cemetery H
Topics
Arsenical bronze, writing, literature, Sword, Chariot
↓ Iron Age

The Bronze Age (c. 3300–1200 BC) marks the emergence of the first complex state societies, and by the Middle Bronze Age (mid-3rd millennium BC) the first empires. This is a list of Bronze Age polities.

By the end of the Bronze Age, complex state societies were mostly limited to the Fertile Crescent and to China, while Bronze Age tribal chiefdoms with less complex forms of administration were found throughout Bronze Age Europe and Central Asia, in the northern Indian subcontinent, and in parts of Mesoamerica and the Andes (although these latter societies were not in the Bronze Age cultural stage).

West Asia

Further information: List of cities of the ancient Near East
The Hittite Empire shown in blue, late Bronze Age, 1400 BC
Name Capital State type Existed
Ahhiyawa Milawata or Millawanda Kingdom 1450–1220 BC
Akkadian Empire Akkad Empire 2334–2193 BC
Amorite Various United kingdoms 2000–1595 BC
Aratta Aratta Kingdom c.2700–? BC
Arameans Various Tribal chiefdoms/kingdom 2300–700 BC
Arme-Shupria Van Kingdom 1290–1190 BC
Armi Armi Kingdom city state/client 2290–40 BC
Arzawa Apasa Confederation of principalities 2300–1200 BC
Assyria Assur Kingdom 1975–934 BC
Assuwa league Various Confederation of city states 1300–1250 BC
Babylonia Babylon Kingdom 1894–732 BC
Bashan Bashan Confederation 1330–928 BC
Byblos Byblos City state 1800–970 BC
Canaan Various Confederation of city states 3500–1194 BC
Karuwa or Caria Apasa Kingdom 1250–560 BC
Dardania Dardania Kingdom 1527–1183 BC
Dilmun Qal'at Kingdom 2600–675 BC
Ebla Ebla Kingdom 3500–1600 BC
Edom Rabbath Ammon Kingdom 1200–125 BC
Elam Susa Kingdom 2700–1210 BC
Eshnuna Eshnunna Kingdom city state 2000 BC – 8th century BC
Ganhar Ganhar Kingdom city state c.2350 BC – 2250 BC
Gutium Arrapkha Kingdom 2141–2050 BC
Hatti Hattusa Principality city states 2700–1900 BC
Hayasa-Azzi Samuha 2 Kingdom confederation 1500–1190 BC
Hitti Hattussa Kingdom 1900–1600 BC
Hittite Empire Hattusa Empire 1600–1178 BC
Hyksos Itjtawy, Thebes Confederacy 1800–1178 BC
Isuwa not specified Kingdom 3000 – 12th c BC
Kassite ? Tribal federation c.21st c – 1750 BC
Kassite Babylon Kingdom 1750–1135 BC
Kaskia Zalpa, Nerik Tribal confederation/kingdom 1430–1200 BC
Kizzuwatna Kummanni Kingdom 1600–1220 BC
Kussara Kussara Kingdom city states 1900–1650 BC
Lydia Sardis Kingdom 1200–680 BC
Lukka Not specified Tribal kingdom 2000–1183 BC
Lullubi Lulubuna Tribal kingdom 2400–650 BC
Luvia Tribal kingdom 2300–1400 BC
Magan Not specified Kingdom 2200–550 BC
Ma'in Ḥaram, Yathill Kingdom 1200–85 BC
Marhasi Marhaši Kingdom city state 2900–1900 BC
Mari Mari Kingdom city state 2900–1759 BC
Minoa Knossos Kingdom city states 2700–1420 BC
Mittani Washukanni Kingdom 1690–1300 BC
Mysia Pergamene Kingdom 1320–301 BC[1]
Namar Namar Kingdom 2350–750 BC
Moab Dibon Kingdom 1300–400 BC
Paphlagonia Gangra Kingdom 1480–183 BC[2]
Phoenicia Various Kingdom city states 1800–539 BC
Phrygia Gordium Kingdom 1200–547 BC
Purushanda Purušhanda Kingdom city state 2000–1650 BC
Sam'al Samal Principality/kingdom 1200–680 BC
Sea Peoples Not specified Tribal confederacy c.2000–1175 BC
Sumer Various Kingdom city states 4500–1900 BC
Troas Troy Kingdom 3000–700 BC
Tyre Tyre Kingdom city state 1500–990 BC
Ugarit Ugarit Kingdom city state 2500–1090 BC
Upper Mesopotamia Assur Kingdom 1809–1776 BC
Urkesh Urkesh Kingdom city state/client 2250–1350 BC
Wilusa Wilusa Kingdom city state c.2000–1180 BC
Yamhad Halab Kingdom 1810–1525 BC
Zabshali Zalpa Kingdom city state c.2050–2000 BC
Zalpa Zalpa Kingdom city state/client 1830–1670 BC

North Africa

Name Capital/s Type Existed
Aethiopia Adulis Kingdom c. 13th – 5th century BC
Egypt Memphis, Thebes Kingdom 3150–1550 BC
Egyptian Empire Akhetaten, Pi-Ramesses, Thebes Empire 1550–1069 BC
Nubia Kerma Principalities[3] 2500–15th century BC
Libu Not specified Tribal chiefdoms 1550–630 BC[4]
Punt Not specified Kingdom 2400–1069 BC

Americas

name capital state type existed
Maya Various Kingdom city states 2000 BC – 900 AD
Olmec La Venta Kingdom city states 1400–400 BC

Europe

Ancient history
Preceded by prehistory
Near East
Europe
Horn of Africa
North Africa
Eurasian Steppe
Central Asia
East Asia
South Asia
Northern America
Mesoamerica
Andes
Caribbean
West Africa and Central Africa
Southeast Asia and Oceania
See also
Name Capital/s Type Existed
Athens Athens Kingdom city state 1556–1068 BC
Alba Longa Lavinium Kingdom 1200–753 BC
Alashiya Enkomi, Kalavasos Kingdom 1450–1050 BC
Crestonia Creston Principality 14th century BC – 431 BC
Elis Elis Kingdom 1300 BC – 431 BC
Lacedaemon Sparta Kingdom 1300–950 BC
Locria Amphissa, Naupactus Kingdom 1250–386 BC
Messenia Messene Kingdom 1300–724 BC
Minoa Knossos Kingdom city states 2700–1000 BC
Mycenaea Mycenae Kingdom city states 1600–1100 BC
Mygdonia Not specified Tribal kingdom 16th century BC – 6th century BC
Pelasgia Pavlopetri[5] Tribal kingdom 3000–1183 BC
Phrygia Not specified Tribal kingdom 1450–1200 BC
Sea Peoples Not specified Tribal confederacy c. 2000 – 1175 BC
Sicani Not specified Tribal confederation c. 13th century – 300 BC
Thrace Various Tribal chiefdoms 1500–450 BC

Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia

Name Capital Type Existed
Bactria–Margiana Gonur Tribal kingdoms 2300–1700 BC
Chorasmia Dzanbas-Kala, Toprak-Kala Tribal confederation/kingdom 1292–180 BC
Cimmeria Not specified Tribal confederation 1300–626 BC
Colchis Phasis Kingdom 1300 BC – 2nd century AD
Donghu Not specified Nomadic tribal confederation 1400–150 BC

East Asia

Approximate location of the territory of the Shang Kingdom within China
name capital state type existed
Ba Yíchéng Tribal confederation 13th century BC – 311 BC
Gojoseon Asadal, Wanggeom-seong Kingdom 2333–108 BC
Qi Qi Dukedom 1600–445 BC
Qiang Not specified Tribal chiefdoms/confederation 2000 BC – 150 BC
Shang Anyang Kingdom 1600–1046 BC
Sumpa Not specified Tribal chiefdom/client 1600 BC – 7th century AD
Văn Lang Anyang Confederation/kingdom 2879–258 BC
Xia Yangcheng Kingdom 2205–1600 BC
Xu Gusu Viscountcy/client 2000–512 BC

South Asia

Extent of various city states of the Harrapa Civilization by researcher Rajesh Rao.
name capital state type existed
Indus Valley civilization Harappa ? unclear 3300–1300 BC

See also

References

  1. ^ "Kingdoms of Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  2. ^ "Middle East Kingdoms Ancient Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  3. ^ "Karmah Archaeological site (The Sudan)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Inc. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  4. ^ Taylor, Francis. "Kingdoms of North Africa: Encyclopaedia of African History: Volume 1 A-G". 1999–2014. The History Files. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  5. ^ "European Kingdoms Ancient Greece". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 29 May 2014.

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