Lake County, Indiana

Coordinates: 41°48′N 87°38′W / 41.800°N 87.633°W / 41.800; -87.633
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Lake County, Indiana
County
Former Lake County Courthouse in Crown Point, Indiana
Former Lake County Courthouse
in Crown Point, Indiana
Official seal of Lake County, Indiana
Seal
Location in the state of Indiana
Location in the state of Indiana
Indiana's location in the U.S.
Indiana's location in the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°48′N 87°38′W / 41.800°N 87.633°W / 41.800; -87.633
CountryUnited States United States
StateIndiana Indiana
RegionNorthwest Indiana
Metro areaChicago Metropolitan
SettledOctober 1834[1]
EstablishedFebruary 16, 1837[2]
Named forLake Michigan
County seatCrown Point
Largest city Hammond (population)
 Gary (total area)
Incorporated
municipalities
19 cities and towns
Government
[3]
 • TypeCounty
 • BodyBoard of Commissioners
 • CommissionerKyle W. Allen, Sr. (D, 1st)
 • CommissionerJerry J. Tippy (R, 2nd)
 • CommissionerMichael C. Repay (D, 3rd)
 • County Council
Members
  • David Hamm (D, 1st)
  • Elsie Brown-Franklin (D, 2nd)
  • Jamal Washington (D, 3rd)
  • Daniel E. Dernulc (R, 4th)
  • Christine Cid (D, 5th)
  • Ted F. Bilski (D, 6th)
  • Eldon Strong (R, 7th)
Area
 • County626.5 sq mi (1,623 km2)
 • Land498.9 sq mi (1,292 km2)
 • Water127.6 sq mi (330 km2)
 • Metro
10,874 sq mi (28,160 km2)
 • Rank12th largest county in Indiana
 • Region2,726 sq mi (7,060 km2)
Dimensions
[4]
 • Length36 mi (58 km)
 • Width16 mi (26 km)
Elevation
[5] (mean)
663 ft (202 m)
Highest elevation
[6] – NE Winfield Twp
801 ft (244 m)
Lowest elevation
[7] – at Lake Michigan
585 ft (178 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • County496,005
 • Estimate 
(2016)
485,846
 • Rank2nd largest county in Indiana 131st largest county in U.S.[8]
 • Density994/sq mi (384/km2)
 • Metro
9,522,434
 • Region
819,537
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (Central)
ZIP Codes
46303, 46307-08, 46311-12, 46319-25, 46327, 46341-42, 46355-56, 46373, 46375-77, 46394, 46401-11
Area code219
Congressional district1st
Indiana Senate districts1st, 2nd, 3rd and 6th
Indiana House of Representatives districts1st, 2nd, 3rd, 11th, 12th, 14th, 15th and 19th
FIPS code18-089
GNIS feature ID0450495
Interstates
U.S. Routes
State Routes
AirportsGary/Chicago International
Griffith-Merrillville
WaterwaysGrand Calumet River
Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal
Kankakee River
Lake Michigan
Amtrak stationsDyer – Hammond-Whiting
South Shore Line stationsHammond – East Chicago
Adam Benjamin Metro Center
Gary/Chicago Airport – Miller
Public transitEast Chicago Transit
Gary Public Transportation
Websitewww.lakecountyin.org
  • Indiana county number 45
  • Second most-populous county in Indiana
Demographics (2010)[9]
White Black Asian
64.4% 25.9% 1.2%
Islander Native Other Hispanic
(any race)
0.0% 0.3% 8.2% 16.7%

Lake County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. In 2010, its population was 496,005,[10] making it Indiana's second-most populous county. The county seat is Crown Point.[11]

This county is part of Northwest Indiana and the Chicago metropolitan area, and contains a mix of urban, suburban and rural areas.

It is the home to a portion of the Indiana Dunes[12][13] and to Marktown, Clayton Mark's planned worker community in East Chicago.[14]

History

Lake County was established on February 16, 1837.[2] From 1832 to 1836 the area that was to become Lake County was part of La Porte County.[15] From 1836 to 1837 it was part of Porter County.[15] It was named for its location on Lake Michigan.[16] The original county seat was Liverpool until Lake Court House, which later became Crown Point, was chosen in 1840.[17]

Geography

According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 626.56 square miles (1,622.8 km2), of which 498.96 square miles (1,292.3 km2) (or 79.63%) is land and 127.60 square miles (330.5 km2) (or 20.37%) is water.[18]

The northern and southern portions of the county (north of U.S. 30 and south of Lowell) are mainly low and flat, except for a few sand ridges and dunes and were both once very marshy and had to be drained. The lowest point, at 585 feet (178 m),[7] is along the Lake Michigan shoreline.

The central part of the county is higher and hillier. As you travel south from the low and relatively flat lake plain in the northern part of the county, the land gradually rises in elevation until the peak of the Valparaiso Moraine. The highest point, at 801 feet (244 m),[6] is in northeastern Winfield Township near 109th Street and North Lakeshore Drive in Lakes of the Four Seasons. From here the land descends south into the Kankakee Outwash Plain until the Kankakee River is reached.

The geographic center of Lake County is approximately 200 feet (61 m) northwest of Burr Street and West 113th Avenue in Center Township 41°24′53.8″N 87°24′14.3″W / 41.414944°N 87.403972°W / 41.414944; -87.403972.

National protected area

Airports

Major highways

Interstate 65 in Lake County is called the Casimir Pulaski Memorial Highway. Interstate 80/94/US 6 is the Frank Borman Expressway from the Illinois state line east to the Indiana Toll Road interchange in the eastern portion of the county. Interstate 94 has been referred to as the Chicago-Detroit Industrial Freeway. US 6 is part of the Grand Army of the Republic Highway. Broadway (Indiana 53) is also the Carolyn Mosby Memorial Highway. Indiana 51 is known for its entire length as the Adam Benjamin Memorial Highway. US 30 is part of the historic Lincoln Highway. US 12 from Gary eastward is part of Dunes Highway. Cline Avenue (Indiana 912) from US 12 north and westward is known as the Highway Construction Workers Memorial Highway.

3

Railroads

Adjacent counties

2

Municipalities

Lakes of the Four Seasons, IndianaSchneider, IndianaSt. John, IndianaCrown Point, IndianaHobart, IndianaLowell, IndianaLake Dalecarlia, IndianaCedar Lake, IndianaDyer, IndianaWinfield, IndianaGary, IndianaMerrillville, IndianaLake Station, IndianaNew Chicago, IndianaGriffith, IndianaSchererville, IndianaMunster, IndianaEast Chicago, IndianaHammond, IndianaWhiting, IndianaHighland, Lake County, Indiana

The municipalities in Lake County, and their populations as of the 2010 Census, are:

Cities

2

Towns

2

Census-designated places

2

Unincorporated communities

4

Townships

The 11 townships of Lake County, with their populations as of the 2010 Census, are:

3

Education

Public school districts

The administration of public schools in Lake County is divided among 16 corporations and governing bodies, more than any other Indiana county.[19]

Private schools

Elementary and secondary schools operated by the Diocese of Gary:

  • Andrean High School, Merrillville (9-12)
  • Aquinas School at St. Andrew's, Merrillville (PK-8)
  • Bishop Noll Institute, Hammond (9-12)
  • Our Lady of Grace, Highland (PK-8)
  • St. Casimir, Hammond (PK-8)
  • St. John Bosco, Hammond (PK-8)
  • St. John the Baptist, Whiting (PK-8)
  • St. John the Evangelist, St. John (PK-8)
  • St. Mary, Crown Point (PK-8)
  • St. Mary, Griffith (PK-8)
  • St. Michael, Schererville (PK-8)
  • St. Stanislaus, East Chicago (PK-8)
  • St. Thomas More, Munster (PK-8)

Colleges and Universities

Public libraries

The county is served by seven different public library systems:

  • Crown Point Community Library has its main location with a branch in Winfield.[21]
  • East Chicago Public Library has its main location and the Robart A. Pastrick branch.[22]
  • Gary Public Library has its main location, the Du Bois Library, as well as the Brunswick, Kennedy and Woodson branches.[23]
  • Hammond Public Library[24]
  • Lake County Public Library has its main location in Merrillville as well as Cedar Lake, Dyer-Schererville, Griffith-Calumet Township, Highland, Hobart, Lake Station-New Chicago, Munster and St. John branches.[25]
  • Lowell Public Library has its main location with branches in Schneider and Shelby.[26]
  • Whiting Public Library[27]

Hospitals

Largest employers

Businesses with 1,000 or more employees in the county are:[32]

Media

The Times, based in Munster, is the largest daily newspaper in Lake County and Northwest Indiana and the second largest in the state. Lake County is also served by the Post-Tribune, a daily newspaper based in Merrillville.

Lakeshore Public Television operates WYIN-TV Gary on channel 56 and is the local PBS station in the Chicago television market.

These eight broadcast radio stations serve Lake County and are part of the Chicago market:

  • WJOB (1230 AM) – Hammond
  • WWCA (1270 AM) – Gary
  • WLTH (1370 AM) – Gary
  • WLPR (89.1 FM) – Lowell
  • WRTW (90.5 FM) – Crown Point
  • WPWX (92.3 FM) – Hammond
  • WXRD (103.9 FM) – Crown Point
  • WZVN (107.1 FM) – Lowell

Climate and weather

Climate data for Lowell, Indiana (1981-2010 normals, extremes 1963-present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 66
(19) 		73
(23) 		85
(29) 		91
(33) 		95
(35) 		104
(40) 		101
(38) 		104
(40) 		98
(37) 		92
(33) 		77
(25) 		70
(21) 		104
(40)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 31.2
(−0.4) 		35.8
(2.1) 		47.5
(8.6) 		60.8
(16.0) 		71.3
(21.8) 		80.7
(27.1) 		83.8
(28.8) 		82.0
(27.8) 		76.4
(24.7) 		63.6
(17.6) 		49.4
(9.7) 		35.1
(1.7) 		59.8
(15.5)
Daily mean °F (°C) 22.8
(−5.1) 		26.7
(−2.9) 		37.4
(3.0) 		49.3
(9.6) 		59.8
(15.4) 		69.7
(20.9) 		73.1
(22.8) 		71.1
(21.7) 		64.2
(17.9) 		51.9
(11.1) 		40.2
(4.6) 		27.1
(−2.7) 		49.4
(9.7)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 14.4
(−9.8) 		17.7
(−7.9) 		27.4
(−2.6) 		37.9
(3.3) 		48.2
(9.0) 		58.7
(14.8) 		62.4
(16.9) 		60.3
(15.7) 		52.0
(11.1) 		40.2
(4.6) 		31.0
(−0.6) 		19.1
(−7.2) 		39.1
(3.9)
Record low °F (°C) −28
(−33) 		−23
(−31) 		−9
(−23) 		7
(−14) 		26
(−3) 		33
(1) 		41
(5) 		38
(3) 		28
(−2) 		18
(−8) 		2
(−17) 		−29
(−34) 		−29
(−34)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.96
(50) 		1.75
(44) 		2.57
(65) 		3.78
(96) 		4.38
(111) 		4.69
(119) 		4
(100) 		3.98
(101) 		3.14
(80) 		3.44
(87) 		3.43
(87) 		2.34
(59) 		39.46
(999)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 8.8
(22) 		8.2
(21) 		3.4
(8.6) 		0.3
(0.76) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		0.7
(1.8) 		7.7
(20) 		29.3
(74.67)
Source: NOAA (normals, 1981–2010)[33]
Satellite imagery of Lake County, IN

In recent years, average temperatures in Lowell have ranged from a low of 14.4 °F (−9.8 °C) in January to a high of 83.8 °F (28.8 °C) in July, although a record low of −29 °F (−34 °C) was recorded in December 1989 and a record high of 104 °F (40 °C) was recorded in June 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.75 inches (44 mm) in February to 4.69 inches (119 mm) in June. Temperatures at or below 0 °F (−18 °C) occur on average 11 days annually and exceed 90 °F (32 °C) degrees on 14 days.[33] In winter, lake-effect snow increases snowfall totals compared to the areas to the west.[34] In spring and early summer, the immediate shoreline areas sometimes experience lake-breeze that can drop temperatures by several degrees compared to areas further inland.[35] In summer, thunderstorms are common, occurring an average 40–50 days every year,[36] and on about 13 days, these thunderstorms produce severe winds.[37]

Government

See also: Government of Indiana

The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.

County Council: The county council is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all the spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected from county districts. The council members serve four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council also has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.[38][39]

Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county is made of a board of commissioners. The commissioners are elected county-wide, in staggered terms, and each serves a four-year term. One of the commissioners, typically the most senior, serves as president. The commissioners are charged with executing the acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government.[38][39]

Court: The county maintains a small claims court that can handle some civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level circuit court.[39]

County Officials: The county has several other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk Each of these elected officers serves a term of four years and oversees a different part of county government. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county.[39]

County elected officials

Politics

Lake County vote
by party in presidential elections[40]
Year Republican Democratic
2016 37.3% 75,625 57.7% 116,935
2012 33.9% 68,431 64.8% 130,897
2008 32.4% 67,742 66.6% 139,301
2004 38.2% 71,903 61.0% 114,743
2000 36.0% 63,389 62.0% 109,078
1996 29.2% 47,873 61.1% 100,198
1992 28.9% 53,867 55.2% 102,778
1988 43.0% 79,929 56.5% 105,026
1984 44.3% 94,870 55.1% 117,984
1980 46.0% 95,408 48.8% 101,145
1976 42.4% 90,119 56.7% 120,700
1972 56.2% 115,480 43.1% 88,510
1968 36.5% 77,911 46.8% 99,897
1964 35.2% 73,722 64.4% 134,978
1960 37.0% 78,278 62.7% 132,554

Lake County has long been a Democratic stronghold, giving pluralities to Democrats in every Presidential election since 1960 except 1972.

Lake is part of Indiana's 1st congressional district, which is held by Democrat Pete Visclosky.[41] In the State Senate, Lake is part of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 6th districts, which are held by three Democrats and one Republican. In the Indiana House of Representatives, Lake is part of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 11th, 12th, 14th, 15th and 19th districts, which are held by four Democrats and four Republicans.

2008 Presidential Primary

In the 2008 Democratic presidential primary on May 6, 2008, Lake County was one of the last counties to report results.[42] Lake County had reported no results at 11 p.m. ET,[43] and at midnight ET, only 28% of Lake County's vote had been reported.[44] A large number of absentee ballots and a record turnout delayed the tallies, and polls closed an hour later than much of the state because Lake County is in the Central Time Zone.[43] Early returns showed Senator Barack Obama leading by a potentially lead-changing margin, leaving the race between Senator Hillary Clinton and Obama "too close to call" until final tallies were reported.

Culture and contemporary life

Entertainment and the arts

Major attractions

2

Professional sports teams

Recreation

List of parks and recreational facilities – Lake County Parks and Recreation
2
List of recreational facilities – Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore
2

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18401,468—
18503,991171.9%
18609,145129.1%
187012,33934.9%
188015,09122.3%
189023,88658.3%
190037,89258.6%
191082,864118.7%
1920159,95793.0%
1930261,31063.4%
1940293,19512.2%
1950368,15225.6%
1960513,26939.4%
1970546,2536.4%
1980522,965−4.3%
1990475,594−9.1%
2000484,5641.9%
2010496,0052.4%
2016 (est.)485,846[45]−2.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[46]
1790-1960[47] 1900-1990[48]
1990-2000[49] 2010-2013[10]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 496,005 people, 188,157 households, and 127,647 families residing in the county.[50] The population density was 994.1 inhabitants per square mile (383.8/km2). There were 208,750 housing units at an average density of 418.4 per square mile (161.5/km2).[18] The racial makeup of the county was 64.4% white, 25.9% black or African American, 1.2% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 5.8% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 16.7% of the population.[50] In terms of ancestry, 16.1% were German, 11.1% were Irish, 9.6% were Polish, 5.4% were English, and 3.7% were American.[51]

Of the 188,157 households, 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 17.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.2% were non-families, and 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.19. The median age was 37.4 years.[50]

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $58,931. Males had a median income of $50,137 versus $33,264 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,142. About 12.2% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.3% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.[52]

See also

Bibliography

  • Forstall, Richard L. (editor) (1995). U. S. Population of States and Counties - 1790 Through 1990. National Technical Information Services (NTIS). ISBN 0-934213-48-8. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  • Schoon, Kenneth J. (2003). Calumet Beginnings: Ancient Shorelines and Settlements at the South End of Lake Michigan. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34218-X.

Notes

  1. ^ Other = Combined percentages for American Indian or Alaska Native; Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; other races; and two or more races
  2. ^ Population is 3,936 within Lake County; 3,097 reside in Porter County

References

  1. ^ "Lake County History". Lake County Historical Museum. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  2. ^ a b William Frederick Howat (1915). A Standard History of Lake County, Indiana, and the Calumet Region, Volume 1. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company. p. 100.
  3. ^ a b c d "2016 Public Officials Directory". Lake County Board of Elections and Voter's Registration. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  4. ^ Timothy Horton Ball (1873). Lake County, Indiana, from 1834 to 1872. Chicago: J.W. Goodspeed. p. 5
  5. ^ "Lake County". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  6. ^ a b Palmer Quadrangle – Indiana – Lake Co (Map). 1:24,000. 7.5-Minute Series (Topographic). United States Geological Survey. 2013.
  7. ^ a b Whiting Quadrangle – Indiana – Lake Co (Map). 1:24,000. 7.5-Minute Series (Topographic). United States Geological Survey. 2013.
  8. ^ "USA Counties in Profile". STATS Indiana. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  9. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics 2010, Table DP-1, 2010 Demographic Profile Data. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2014-06-14.
  10. ^ a b "Lake County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2006). Alice Gray, Dorothy Buell, and Naomi Svihla: Preservationists of Ogden Dunes. The South Shore Journal, 1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. ^ Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2009). The Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation. The South Shore Journal, 3. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ^ Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2011). Marktown: Clayton Mark's Planned Worker Community in Northwest Indiana. South Shore Journal, 4. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. ^ a b Kenneth J. Schoon (2003). Calumet Beginnings: Ancient Shorelines and Settlements at the South End of Lake Michigan. Indiana: Indiana University Press. pps. 20-23.
  16. ^ De Witt Clinton Goodrich & Charles Richard Tuttle (1875). An Illustrated History of the State of Indiana. Indiana: R. S. Peale & Co. p. 565.
  17. ^ William Frederick Howat (1915). A Standard History of Lake County, Indiana, and the Calumet Region, Volume 1. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company. p. 44.
  18. ^ a b "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  19. ^ http://www.stats.indiana.edu/imagemapper/school_districts/
  20. ^ Joseph S. Pete (March 5, 2016). "Purdue University Northwest now officially exists". The Times of Northwest Indiana. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  21. ^ "Crown Point Community Library". Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  22. ^ "East Chicago Public Library". Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  23. ^ "Gary Public Library". Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  24. ^ "Hammond Public Library". Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  25. ^ "Lake County Public Library". Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  26. ^ "Lowell Public Library". Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  27. ^ "Whiting Public Library". Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h "Hospital Facility Directory for Lake County". Indiana State Department of Health. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  29. ^ a b c d "Franciscan Health is New Name for Leading Hospital System". Franciscan Alliance, Inc. September 6, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  30. ^ Giles Bruce (December 18, 2015). "Crown Point hospital becomes Region's 2nd trauma center". The Times of Northwest Indiana. Retrieved December 18, 2015.
  31. ^ a b "Indiana Trauma Centers". Indiana State Department of Health. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  32. ^ "Largest Employers in Lake County". Lake County Community Economic Development Department. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  33. ^ a b "NCDC: U.S. Climate Normals". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  34. ^ http://scenarios.globalchange.gov/data-library/997
  35. ^ http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/1520-0450%282001%29040%3C0409%3ALMLBCL%3E2.0.CO%3B2
  36. ^ http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/tstorms/tstorms_intro.htm
  37. ^ http://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/2013/WIND.png
  38. ^ a b Indiana Code. "Title 36, Article 2, Section 3". IN.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
  39. ^ a b c d Indiana Code. "Title 2, Article 10, Section 2" (PDF). IN.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
  40. ^ http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/
  41. ^ "US Congressman Pete Visclosky". US Congress. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
  42. ^ "Awaiting one county". CNN. May 6, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  43. ^ a b Indiana's Lake County has tradition of late vote tallies [dead link]
  44. ^ Races tightens in Indiana
  45. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  46. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  47. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  48. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  49. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  50. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  51. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  52. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  53. ^ Population is 3,936 within Lake County; 3,097 reside in Porter County
  54. ^ U.S. Census Bureau. 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03, Selected Economic Charactaristics. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2014-06-14.
  55. ^ U.S. Census Bureau. 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table DP04, Selected Housing Charactaristics. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2014-06-14.

External links

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