Vank Cathedral

Holy Savior Cathedral Սուրբ Ամենափրկիչ Վանք
Exterior view of the Holy Savior Cathedral.
Religion
Affiliation	Armenian Apostolic Church
Location
Location	New Julfa, Isfahan, Iran
Architecture
Groundbreaking	1655 (original church in 1606)
Completed	1664

The Holy Savior Cathedral (Template:Lang-hy – Surb Amenaprkich Vank; Template:Lang-fa – Kelisā ye Āmenāperkič), also known the Church of the Saintly Sisters, is a cathedral located in the New Julfa district of Isfahan, Iran. It is commonly referred to as the Vank (Վանք; وانک), which means "monastery" or "convent" in the Armenian language.

History

The cathedral was established in 1606, dedicated to the hundreds of thousands of Armenian deportees that were resettled by Shah Abbas I during the Ottoman War of 1603-1618.

The varying fortunes and independence of this suburb across the Zayande River and its eclectic mix of European missionaries, mercenaries and travelers can be traced almost chronologically in the cathedral's combination of building styles and contrasts in its external and internal architectural treatment.

Construction

The construction is believed to have begun in 1606 by the first arrivals, and completed with major alterations to design between 1655 and 1664 under the supervision of Archbishop David. The cathedral consists of a domed sanctuary, much like an Iranian mosque, but with the significant addition of a semi-octagonal apse and raised chancel usually seen in western churches. The cathedral's exteriors are in relatively modern brickwork and are exceptionally plain compared to its elaborately decorated interior.

Frescos

The interior is covered with fine frescos and gilded carvings and includes a wainscot of rich tile work. The delicately blue and gold painted central dome depicts the Biblical story of the creation of the world and man's expulsion from Eden. Pendentives throughout the church are painted with a distinctly Armenian motif of a cherub's head surrounded by folded wings. The ceiling above the entrance is painted with delicate floral motifs in the style of Persian miniature. Two sections, or bands, of murals run around the interior walls: the top section depicts events from the life of Jesus, while the bottom section depicts tortures inflicted upon Armenian martyrs by the Ottoman Empire.

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  Ceiling of the Holy Savior Cathedral.
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  Depiction of Heaven, Earth, and Hell inside the Holy Savior Cathedral.
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  Interior view of the Holy Savior Cathedral.
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  Interior view of the Holy Savior Cathedral.

Courtyard

The courtyard contains a large freestanding belfry towering over the graves of both Orthodox and Protestant Christians. A tile work plaque inscribed in Armenian can be seen by the entrance to the cathedral. Graves are also placed along the exterior wall before the entrance, with inscriptions in Armenian. In one corner of the courtyard, there is a raised area with a memorial to the 1915 Armenian Genocide in Turkey. Across the courtyard and facing the cathedral, there is a building housing a library and museum. Outside of this building are several carved stones showing scenes from the Bible.

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  Entrance of the courtyard.
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  The courtyard of the Holy Savior Cathedral.
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  Entrance of the Holy Savior Cathedral.
• The Armenian Genocide Memorial at the courtyard.
  The Armenian Genocide Memorial at the courtyard.
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  Museum of Khachatur Kesaratsi in front of the Holy Savior Cathedral.

Library and museum

The library contains over 700 handwritten books and many valuable and unique resources for research in Armenian and medieval European languages and arts. The museum displays numerous artifacts from the history of the cathedral and the Armenian community in Isfahan, including:

• the 1606 edict of Shah Abbas I establishing New Julfa;
• several edicts by Abbas I and his successors condemning and prohibiting interference with, or persecution of, Armenians and their property and affairs;
• a historic printing press and the first book printed in Iran;
• vestments, monstrances, chalices, and other sacramental artifacts;
• Safavid costumes, tapestries, European paintings brought back by Armenian merchants, embroidery, and other treasures from the community's trading heritage;
• ethnological displays portraying aspects of Armenian culture and religion;
• an extensive display of photographs, maps, and Turkish documents (with translation) related to the 1915 Armenian Genocide in Turkey.

The cathedral has greatly influenced the architecture and decorative treatment of many subsequent Orthodox churches in the region.

See also

• New Julfa
• Fereydan

External links

• Vank Cathedral, a specimen of Armenian architecture
• Iran Chamber Society
• More Photos, Tishineh

Videos

• Jolfa in Isfahan - Armenian Churches and Armenians in Iran