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WCBS-FM
File:Cbsfmlogo07.png
Broadcast areaNew York City area
Frequency101.1 (MHz)
(HD Radio)
101.1-2 FM WCBS AM 880 simulcast
101.1-3 FM CBS Sports Radio (HD Radio)
BrandingWCBS FM 101.1
Programming
FormatClassic Hits
Ownership
Owner
WCBS, WCBS-TV, WFAN, WFAN-FM, WINS, WLNY-TV, WBMP, WWFS
History
First air date
December 1, 1941
Former call signs
W67NY (1941-1943)
WABC-FM (1943-1947)
Former frequencies
46.7 MHz (1941-1943)
96.9 MHz (1943-1947)
Call sign meaning
W
Columbia
Broadcasting
System
(former legal name of CBS)
Technical information
Facility ID9611
ClassB
ERP6,700 watts, Stereo
HAAT408 meters
Links
WebcastListen Live
Websitewcbsfm.com

WCBS-FM (101.1 FM) is a CBS-owned radio station in New York City. The station's studios are in the combined CBS Radio facility in the Hudson Square neighborhood of Manhattan, and its transmitter is located on the Empire State Building.

WCBS-FM was one of the first notable oldies stations in the country, with the format dating back to July 7, 1972. Between June 3, 2005, and July 12, 2007, the station aired the automated adult hits format "Jack FM". The new programming was unsuccessful, and WCBS-FM switched back to personality-driven classic hits and oldies format, which features a broader playlist concentrating on music from 1964 to 1989, but unlike other classic hits stations, they also play selected hits from before 1964 (besides the obvious slip-ins generally from just before 1964).

History

Early years

In 1940, during the early days of FM broadcasting, what is now WCBS-FM was allocated an FM frequency and callsign, W67NY, becoming CBS's first FM station. The original transmitter site was atop the building at 500 Fifth Avenue.[1] The allocated dial position changed several times before the station finally went on the air at 46.7 MHz on December 1, 1941.[2] On November 1, 1943, the callsign was changed to WABC-FM[3] for Atlantic Broadcasting Company, the former owner of CBS's AM station (no relation to the present-day WABC). With the reallocation of the FM band, WABC-FM's new frequency became 96.9 MHz. Finally, in September 1947 the station became WCBS-FM, and the frequency moved to the current 101.1 MHz.[4] This allowed the station to reflect its corporate ownership by the Columbia Broadcasting System or CBS. The transmitter was moved to the Empire State Building in the early 1950s.

For many years, WCBS-FM simulcast its programming with its AM sister station. From the 1940s until the late 1950s, both stations aired a typical network-dominated general entertainment format with comedies, dramas, news and information, sports, talk shows and some music. As these types of radio shows either moved to television or were canceled outright, WCBS and WCBS-FM evolved toward a personality-oriented format featuring news and information, popular music, and sports. As rock and roll became popular, the stations played only softer songs of the genre.

Each of the stations began broadcasting its own programming in 1966. The AM station retained its personality-oriented Middle of the road format until August 27, 1967. WCBS-FM initially programmed a younger-leaning easy listening format known as "The Young Sound", playing soft instrumental versions of current pop music songs. This automated format was syndicated to CBS stations across the country and to AFR (American Forces Radio).[5] On August 27, 1967, the AM station had to launch its news format (which was not full-time until 1972) on WCBS-FM because a small airplane had crashed into the AM transmitter a few hours earlier.

In 1969, WCBS-FM launched a freeform rock format, which was becoming increasingly popular, and all other CBS-owned FM stations followed suit. For the first time, WCBS-FM would have an airstaff. Bill Brown began his long tenure with the station, and Don K. Reed began his late in 1971; both remained there until 2005. Radio personalities such as Bobby "Wizzard" Wayne, Tom Tyler, Ed Williams, Steve Clark, Roby Yonge, K.O. Bayley (Bob Elliott from WOR-FM), Les Turpin, Bob "Bob-A-Lew" Lewis also briefly joined the WCBS-FM "freeform" format. Besides Bill Brown and Don K. Reed, Wizzard Wayne and Ed Williams also stayed into the early part of the oldies format.

Original Oldies Years and Greatest Hits

WCBS-FM was never successful with their rock format, competing with stations such as WPLJ (the other former WABC-FM) and WNEW-FM had most of the rock audience. As a result, WCBS-FM switched to oldies on July 7, 1972, becoming one of the first full-time stations in the country to use that format.[6] The change coincided with rival WOR-FM's decision to drop pre-1964 oldies from its playlist a few months prior (as they became WXLO). Johnny Michaels, formerly of WMCA, played the first record,[7] Dion's "Runaround Sue". The entire staff from the rock format remained at the station.

At first, the station focused on rock-and-roll hits from 1955 to 1964 and mixed in some softer hits of the late 1960s and early 1970s, as well as a few then-current songs. WCBS-FM also played a moderate amount of adult standards from the rock era. The station played two current hits per hour known as "future gold". By the late 1970s however, the station dropped most of the adult standards, with a few exceptions, and added rock hits from the late 1960s.

WCBS-FM's oldies format weathered many trends and corporate moves. By 1979, three FM stations owned by CBS had begun playing disco music. In 1981, all of CBS's FM stations, except for WCBS-FM, adopted a CHR format known as "Hot Hits". The oldies format on WCBS-FM continued to be a success.

One ongoing favorite feature was a countdown of the top 500 songs of all time, as voted by the station's listeners. The countdown always took place on Thanksgiving weekend (with a new survey taken every other year. On even years, up to 1990, the survey from the previous year was played. In the first Top 500, The Five Satins' doo wop classic "In the Still of the Night" was #1 and "Earth Angel" by The Penguins was #2. "In the Still of the Night" remained at #1 every year after that.[8]

In 1992, CBS-FM ran a Top 500 Countdown based on all their surveys from 1973 to 1991. They repeated 1993's Top 500 in 1994, conducting their last listener surveys in 1995 and 1996. After compiling an all-time survey based on past surveys in 1997, the station abandoned listener surveys, repeating the 1997 all-time survey on subsequent Thanksgiving weekends.

For New Years weekend in 1999–2000, the station compiled and played a Top 1001 countdown based on original New York radio charts, with "Hey Jude" by The Beatles at number one. This survey would be repeated on Thanksgiving weekend in 2002. In 2003, the station played a Top 500 Countdown covering the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and some 1950s songs, and in 2004 played a Top 500 Countdown with mostly songs from 1964 to 1979 with some pre-1964 songs and 1980s songs.

When the station returned to a modified oldies and classic hits format in 2007, the station compiled a new listener-voted survey and played the results Labor Day weekend. This survey featured mostly songs from the 1960s and 1970s with a moderate selection of songs from the 1955–1963 time period. There was also a moderate amount of 1980s music on the survey.

Joe McCoy took over as program director in 1981, and at that point WCBS-FM began to gradually shift its focus to the 1964–1969 era, but would also feature a more pre-1964 oldies than most other such stations. The station continued to also feature hits of the 1970s and some hits of the 1980s while cutting future gold selections to one per hour. Also in the 1980s, after WABC and later WNBC (AM) abandoned music in favor of talk, WCBS-FM began employing many disc jockeys who were widely known on other New York City stations (and sometimes nationally), most notably Musicradio WABC alumni Ron Lundy, Dan Ingram, Bruce "Cousin Brucie" Morrow, Chuck Leonard and Harry Harrison, as well as Dan Daniels and Jack Spector.

Bob Shannon, whose only previous New York City radio experience before coming to WCBS-FM was as a fill-in DJ at WYNY, became well-known himself through his 19-year run as the station's afternoon disk jockey. Bill Brown (who had started with the station in 1969, during their rock days) and Don K. Reed (who started at the station 6 months before the switch to oldies) remained with the station during their entire first period as an oldies station.

In 1989, WCBS-FM moved current music to late nights and overnights. While most oldies stations were playing songs from exclusively 1955 to 1973, WCBS-FM continued to play a moderate amount of songs from the late 1970s as well as about one 1980s hit per hour. Most of the 1980s music came from core oldies artists.

The station's ratings increased during the 1990s (and were sustained into the 2000s) and market research studies showed a small and growing audience in the 35-to-49-year-old demographic as a new generation's "songs they grew up with" moved into the oldies format. The station even hit number one overall in the ratings on at least several occasions during the 1990s.

During this period, the station's on-air jingles were made by JAM Creative Productions in Dallas, Texas. Such was the appeal of the packages of jingles that stations around the world wanted that WCBS-FM sound for their stations, including for example the UK's Victory FM.

File:WCBSFM Old.png
WCBS-FM ident used from the summer of 2004 until June 3, 2005.

By 2000, as demographics for 1950s and early 1960s oldies started to eclipse the target age groups that many advertisers covet,[9] WCBS-FM began cutting pre-1964 songs while adding more music from the 1970s and 1980s. By early 2001, they had cut many specialty shows. Eventually, they began to shorten the regular playlist and moved away from pre-1964 and toward 1970–1989 songs even more. In the summer of 2002, Don K. Reed's long-running Sunday night Doo-Wop Shop program was cancelled. The station even began to de-emphasize the phrase 'oldies' in promotion of the station.[10]

The station canceled more specialty shows in 2003 such as the "Top 20 Oldies Countdown". In the summer of 2003, to appease some fans, they did add a specialty 1955–1964 oldies show called "Heart & Soul of Rock & Roll" with Norm N. Nite (who had been with WCBS off and on since 1973). Also in that year, Harry Harrison and Dan Ingram both retired.

In the spring of 2004, WCBS-FM narrowed the playlist even more. The station's playlist consisted of music almost entirely from 1964 to 1979, dividing about equally between the 1960s and 1970s, playing only a handful of pre-1964 oldies and songs from the 1980s. Joe McCoy left the station shortly thereafter and was replaced by Dave Logan.

WCBS-FM's last morning show host of this period was ex-Monkee Micky Dolenz, who had appeal to this audience segment by virtue of 1970s The Monkees reruns and the mid-1980s Monkees revival. His broadcast on June 3, 2005, was a remote at a Manhattan restaurant to celebrate his 100th day at the station. However, by the end of that day, the station would be changed dramatically.

101.1 Jack FM: Playing What We Want

On Friday, June 3, 2005, Micky Dolenz, Mike Fitzgerald, and Randy Davis all signed off their last on-air shifts (including everybody else) expecting to be back the following Monday. But, Bill Brown signed off saying, "CBS-FM 101.1, Fontella Bass... Do you ever feel the urge to just kinda scream, "RESCUE ME!?"... I'm beginning to get that feeling, here's Fontella Bass." Then, at 4:00 p.m., the station played the usual station identification, and then a mix of Oldies and Greatest Hits referring to change, including "Movin' Out", "Get a Job", "Glory Days", "Hit the Road Jack", among others. Frank Sinatra's "Summer Wind" was the last song played before the format change. At 4:30 p.m., the station played a montage of lines from various movies and other sources for 30 minutes.

File:WCBSFM Jack.png
101.1 Jack FM ident used from 2005 to 2007.

Then, at 5:00 p.m., the station began its new "Jack FM" format, identifying itself by that name. A pre-recorded station identification was played followed by a short introduction of the new format by Howard Cogan (Jack FM's station imaging voice) and the announcement of the new station name: "Welcome to the NEW 101.1 Jack FM, Playing What We Want." The first song aired was Beastie Boys' "Fight for Your Right".[11] The format featured nearly 2,000 unique songs in the playlist.

With this move, WCBS-FM had left the oldies format after 33 years. In an attempt to cater to fans of the old format, the station created an internet-only oldies station on its website. Initially, the internet-only station was DJ-less like Jack FM, whose "DJ" was a pre-recorded voice work done by Cogan. But in a letter on the WCBS-FM website posted on June 5, 2005, station VP Chad Brown announced the webstream might try to bring back most of the original shows and DJs and that eventually the station would also be able to be heard on HD radio.

The change left WBZO as the only FM station playing any type of oldies format in the market. The signal there is weak however because it is operates out of Long Island, and it operates an outright oldies format, unlike WCBS's old greatest hits format. On the AM dial, there were a few oldies stations receivable at night, like Buffalo's WKBW at the time.[12]

Many criticized the change of formats, among them Mayor Michael Bloomberg, who, according to the New York Post, responded to the change by declaring he would "never listen to that _______ CBS radio ever again." "Jack" picked up on the mayor's comments, making jokes about his quip,"Hey, Mayor Bloomberg. I heard you took a shot at us in the Post. What's with all the swearin' like a sailor? Fleet Week is over. It's just music." In an interview with the New York Daily News, Cousin Brucie likened the format switch to "replacing Yankee Stadium with a fruit stand". Cousin Brucie has since signed on with Sirius Satellite Radio to continue playing oldies.

Recognizing the controversy of the sudden change, on June 14, 2005, the station announced that it would be unique among those with the Jack format in that it would occasionally include '50s and early '60s songs in its rotation as well as songs by performers like Frank Sinatra that are normally not part of the Jack format, though a later Web update retracted this and songs from before the late '60s were no longer played.

In March 2006, Chad Brown hired Brian Thomas as program director, replacing Steve Smith. Brown was replaced by Les Hollander later that year after a big layoff of personnel at CBS Radio. In 2007, Jennifer Donohue (from WWFS) was named as Jack's new general manager. Later that year, Maire Mason replaced Donohue.

Return to the classic hits format

The "Jack" format experiment at WCBS-FM is widely regarded, inside and outside the industry, as one of the greatest failures in modern New York radio history, as the station fell to the very bottom of the ratings of full-market-coverage FM stations in the New York market. In early July 2007, various websites quoted sources as saying the station was ready to shift from its current "Jack FM" format and return to its previous format. CBS Radio, owner of the station, declined to comment on the rumors. Initial reports about the WCBS-FM format change initially surfaced on July 6, 2007, in the Radio Business Report online newsletter and at CrainsNewYorkBusiness.com.[citation needed]

CBS Radio confirmed the rumors on July 9, 2007, that live announcers would indeed return to 101.1 and the HD1 channel on July 12. The returning format concentrates on music from 1964 to 1989, with more pre-1985 hits as well as selected older hits from 1955 through 1963. There would be a wider variety of hits, unlike the CBS-FM of 2005, which had a limited playlist from 1964 through 1979. Ads then began to air on 101.1 that WCBS-FM would return to New York on said date. They also promoted in said ads that if they liked the Jack FM format, they should go to its HD2 channel, where Jack would move to, or, if they did not have HD radios, to listen to sister stations Fresh 102.7 and what was then 92.3 K-Rock.

On July 12, at approximately 12:40 PM, "Jack FM" ended with Don't Stop Believin' by Journey, ending in the same spot where the song abruptly ended during the series finale of The Sopranos. Then, after a few seconds of dead air and a few seconds of a "Wayback Machine" audio special effect, the oldies format returned with the resumption of the last song played before the change to Jack FM, Frank Sinatra's Summer Wind (starting like a phonograph record played very slowly but quickly accelerated to normal speed). This was followed by greetings from former CBS-FM DJs Harry Harrison and Ron Lundy. Next were audio-clip montages of music, movies, television shows, and events for each year from 1964 through 1979 followed by a single montage, similar to the aforementioned, which paid homage to the entire decade of the 1980s, with WCBS-FM jingles interspersed between. Former Mayor Ed Koch then welcomed back the format, noting the "mistake" CBS Radio had made with the switch.[13] Then at exactly 1:01pm the legally mandated station identification played, and WCBS-FM's classic hits format officially returned with Do It Again by the Beach Boys.[13] This sequence is now repeated on-air every July 12. WOCL in Orlando used the same sequence the following year, dropping alternative rock for classic hits, and later WJMK in Chicago also used the same sequence (with a few modifications) on March 14, 2011 when they switched from Jack FM to a classic hits format.

Upon hearing of WCBS-FM's confirmation that oldies would return, Cousin Brucie commented, "I’m thrilled that this music is getting a chance again." He added, "This music has been treated terribly, and people in their 40s, 50s, 60s and 70s are still a very viable product in this society."[14] Mayor Bloomberg, who had criticized the Jack FM format after its debut, also welcomed oldies back with open arms, proclaiming July 12, 2007, as "WCBS-FM Returns to New York City Day".[15]

Arbitron's switch from diary to PPM facilitated a move back to oldies and classic hits as sister station WOGL in Philadelphia had demonstrated ratings success in the new methodology by reaching the top five. WCBS-FM's return to classic hits has also been a success, ranking it among the top five stations in every quarter of the new ratings for Arbitron, consistently either first or second in overall audience. In 2010, the station was number one among all stations in the New York region, 25-54 and 12+ (Arbitron PPM report, May 2010).[16][17] The station recently went to number one again in the July 2014 ratings period.[18]

As of August 2009, WCBS-FM started carrying New York Giants football on occasions when sister station WFAN could not carry the game. For the 2010 season, two Giants pre-season games and two regular season games were carried on WCBS-FM including the first game at the New Meadowlands Stadium against the New York Jets on August 16.

On-air personalities

The current WCBS FM's weekday lineup includes Q105, Z100 and WPLJ's alum Scott Shannon (6 a.m. to 10 a.m.), Dan Taylor (10 a.m. to 3 p.m.), WQHT, KMEL, WKTU's alum, and Scott's old friend "Broadway" Bill Lee (3 p.m. to 7 p.m. plus Saturdays 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.), with "Brooklyn's Own" Joe Causi (7 p.m. to 12 a.m., as well hosting "The CBS FM's Saturday Night Block Party" on Saturdays from 7 p.m. to midnight), and Dave Stewart (12 a.m to 6 a.m.). The current WCBS FM's weekend lineup includes WXLO and another WQHT alum Sue O'Neal (6 a.m. to 10 a.m. Saturday and 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. Sunday), Scott Shannon's America's Greatest Hits (7. a.m. to 11 a.m), Pat St. John (Sundays 3 p.m. to 6 p.m.), Al Bernstein (6 p.m. to 10 p.m. Sunday), Michael Maze (Saturdays 2 p.m. to 7 p.m.), Charlie Berger (10 p.m. to 2 a.m.) Big Jay Sorensen (Friday Nights/Saturday Mornings 12 a.m. to 6 a.m. and Saturday Nights/Sunday Mornings 1 a.m. to 6 a.m.), Charlie Burger also filling out most other weekend shifts as well, in addition, James "Fast Jimi" Roberts, Steve O'Brien, WZGC's alum Randy Davis, with Dave Packer and B96 and WAVA's alum Don Geronimo have all done their occasional fill-in work.

The Radio Greats program showcased veteran on-air personalities, with music tailored to their era of success. Don K. Reed, Norm N. Nite, Ed Baer, Steve O'Brien, Randy Davis, Big Jay Sorensen, were regularly featured on the program. Other guests included WZGC, WABC, WHTZ and WOGL's current morning man Ross Brittain, Max Kinkel, Big Ron O'Brien, Bobby Jay, Dan Ingram, Gary Bryan, Harry Nelson, Alan "Al Nouveau" Bandiero, Al Bernstein, former CBS-FM program director Joe McCoy, Rick Hunter, Howard Hoffman, Dick Bartley, and former CBS FM's morning jock and Monkee Micky Dolenz, who finally got to do his long postponed 101st show on CBS-FM. A recording of Wolfman Jack's final radio broadcast from 1995 was also featured on two occasions. The final Radio Greats show was hosted by WCBS-FM veteran Dick Heatherton.

Signal strength

WCBS-FM broadcasts at 6,700 watts. WBEB, an Adult Contemporary station in Philadelphia, also broadcasts at 101.1 FM. WBEB's signal reaches far north into New Jersey, especially along Interstate 287 south of Morristown, and in Northwestern New Jersey. In those areas WBEB interferes with WCBS-FM, and in some spots, WBEB's signal actually seems stronger. This is because WBEB broadcasts at 14,000 watts, although from a lower antenna height.

WCBS is simulcast on 105.7 FM (call sign W289BE) in the Hudson Valley region of NY; however, in many areas the broadcast signal from the city is relatively clear.

WCBS-FM's subcarrier also airs Spanish language Catholic programming for New York, New Jersey and Connecticut from Radio Maria Hispana, a local unit of Radio Maria USA.

HD Radio operations

A few hours after the change back from Jack FM, WCBS-FM's '60s and '70s music was brought back online at wcbsfm.com. CBS FM's longtime music director Jeff Mazzei was retained as program director of the wcbsfm.com oldies stream. Over the next couple of weeks, the station started playing pre-1964 oldies again. Additionally, the '60s and '70s oldies became broader and '80s and early '90s oldies were also mixed in, and the format got much deeper. However, it was commercial-free and had no airstaff. WCBS-FM HD2 also began broadcasting in HD radio on December 12, 2005 (before most of the other NY stations, which launched in early 2006).

Air personalities did on-air auditions on the WCBS-FM HD2 oldies station on July 11, 2007, as a preview of the next day's changeover. The format then moved to the analog and HD1 channels. The HD2 station also simulcast the oldies format until 2:00 p.m. that day, at which time Jack FM moved to HD2. At 3:00 p.m. that day, Jack FM resumed streaming on their website ilikejack.com. In February 2008, Howard Cogan was replaced by Pat St. John as the pre-recorded voice of the Jack character on WCBS-FM-HD2 and ilikejack.com. On May 7, 2008, the Jack branding was dropped from WCBS-FM HD2 and was just called 101.1 HD2 or WCBS-FM HD2 due to the end of a licensing agreement with the owner of the Jack name and slogan, Sparknet Communications.[19] In late June 2009, the HD2 channel was rebranded again as "ToNY", meaning "to New York" but pronounced as "Tony".[20] The channel continued to feature an adult hits format until December 21, 2012, when it was dropped and replaced with a simulcast of WCBS News Radio 880.

On October 2, 2008 around 3 a.m., WCBS-FM HD3 was launched as a simulcast of WCBS News Radio 880.[21] On January 2, 2013, WCBS-FM HD3 flipped to CBS Sports Radio.[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Original transmitter site" (PDF).
  2. ^ "WCBS-FM entry on the New York Radio Guide".
  3. ^ Miller, Jeff. "FM Broadcasting Chronology". History of American Broadcasting.
  4. ^ Kennedy, Jr, T.R. (September 19, 1943). "New FM Calls Coming". The New York Times.
  5. ^ "NYC FM Radio History".
  6. ^ "History of WCBS-FM". WCBS-FM.
  7. ^ Toby Eddings, "ACC football on one less station," The Sun News, Apr. 18, 1999.
  8. ^ Hinckley, David (November 26, 1997). "At 25, WCBS Culls Top-500s Top-500". New York Daily News.
  9. ^ Hinckley, David (July 13, 2007). "Lost in the '50s". New York Daily News.
  10. ^ Ross, Sean (June 8, 2005). "WCBS-FM: A Final Appreciation". Edison Media Research.
  11. ^ "Are oldies the new Jack on NYC radio?". Associated Press. July 7, 2007. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
  12. ^ WWKB#The Legend Returns
  13. ^ a b Hinckley, David (July 13, 2007). "101.1 reasons to rejoice". Daily News. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  14. ^ Sisario, Ben (July 8, 2007). "WCBS-FM Switch Seen as a Victory for Older Listeners". The New York Times.
  15. ^ Proclamation from Mayor Michael Bloomberg on "WCBS-FM Returns to New York City Day"
  16. ^ Arbitron PPM Report, May 2010
  17. ^ Plambeck, Joseph (June 16, 2010). "WCBS-FM Regains Top Spot in New York". New York Times. Retrieved December 27, 2010.
  18. ^ Research Director, Inc. Presents Exclusive July PPM Analysis For N.Y., L.A., Chicago, San Francisco And Dallas
  19. ^ "CBS drops licensing deal with SparkNet in NYC".
  20. ^ [1][dead link]
  21. ^ [2][dead link]
  22. ^ http://www.hdradio.com/station_guides/widget.php?id=45

Format Changes

40°44′53″N 73°59′10″W / 40.748°N 73.986°W / 40.748; -73.986

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