1691
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the year 1691.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 16th century – 17th century – 18th century |
| Decades: | 1660s 1670s 1680s – 1690s – 1700s 1710s 1720s |
| Years: | 1688 1689 1690 – 1691 – 1692 1693 1694 |
| 1691 by topic: | |
| Arts and Science | |
| Architecture - Art - Literature - Music - Science | |
| Lists of leaders | |
| Colonial governors - State leaders | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births - Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments - Disestablishments | |
| Works category | |
| Works | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1691 MDCXCI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2444 |
| Armenian calendar | 1140 ԹՎ ՌՃԽ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6441 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -153–-152 |
| Bengali calendar | 1098 |
| Berber calendar | 2641 |
| English Regnal year | 3 Will. & Mar. – 4 Will. & Mar. |
| Buddhist calendar | 2235 |
| Burmese calendar | 1053 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7199–7200 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚午年十二月初三日 (4327/4387-12-3) — to —
辛未年十一月十三日(4328/4388-11-13) |
| Coptic calendar | 1407–1408 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1683–1684 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5451–5452 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1747–1748 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1613–1614 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4792–4793 |
| Holocene calendar | 11691 |
| Iranian calendar | 1069–1070 |
| Islamic calendar | 1102–1103 |
| Japanese calendar | Genroku 4 (元禄4年) |
| Korean calendar | 4024 |
| Minguo calendar | 221 before ROC 民前221年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2234 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1691 |
Year 1691 (MDCXCI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar.
[edit] Events
[edit] January–June
- March 5 – Nine Years' War: French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons.
- March 20 – Leisler's Rebellion: A new governor arrives in New York – Jacob Leisler surrenders after a standoff of several hours.
- March 29 – The Siege of Mons ends in the city’s surrender.
- April 9 – A fire at the Palace of Whitehall in London destroys its Stone Gallery.
- May 6 – The Spanish inquisition condemns and forcibly baptizes 219 xuetas in Palma Majorca. When 37 try to escape the island, they are burned alive at the stake.
- May 16 – Jacob Leisler is hanged for treason.
- June – Ahmed II (1691–1695) succeeds Suleiman II (1687–1691) as emperor of the Ottoman Empire.
[edit] July–December
- July 12
- Pope Innocent XII becomes the 242nd pope, succeeding Pope Alexander VIII.
- Battle of Aughrim: Williamite troops defeat the Jacobites in Ireland.
- October 3 – The Treaty of Limerick, which guarantees civil rights to Catholics, is signed. (It was broken "before the ink was dry")
- October 22 – William III of England opens Parliament of England
[edit] Date unknown
- Michel Rolle invents Rolle's theorem, an essential theorem of mathematics.
- In New England the two separate colonies of Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth Colony are united into a single entity by an act of the King and Queen of England.
- The Khalkha submit to the Manchu invaders, bringing most of modern-day Mongolia under the rule of the Qing dynasty.
[edit] Births
- February 27 – Edward Cave, English editor and publisher (d. 1754)
- April 5 – Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1768)
- April 9 – Johann Matthias Gesner, German classical scholar (d. 1761)
- June 17 – Giovanni Paolo Pannini, Italian painter and architect (d. 1765)
- August 25 – Alessandro Galilei, architect and mathematician (d. 1736)
- September 29 – Richard Challoner, English Catholic prelate (d. 1781)
- October 1 – Arthur Onslow, English politician (d 1768)
- October 28 – Peder Tordenskjold, Norwegian naval hero (d. 1720)
[edit] Deaths
- January 13 – George Fox, English founder of the Society of Friends (b. 1624)
- January 17 – Richard Lower, English physician (b. 1631)
- February 1 – Pope Alexander VIII (b. 1610)
- April 3 – Jean Petitot, Swiss enamel painter (b. 1607)
- May 11 – Colonel John Birch, English soldier (b. 1615)
- May 16 – Jacob Leisler, German-born American colonist (b. 1640)
- May 23 – Adrien Auzout, French astronomer (b. 1622)
- May 29 – Cornelis Tromp, Dutch admiral (b. 1629)
- June 23 – Suleiman II, Sultan, Ottoman Empire (b. 1642)
- July 12 – Marquis de St Ruth (killed at the Battle of Aughrim)
- July 16 – François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French war minister (b. 1641)
- July 30 – Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (b. 1639)
- August 14 – Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel, Irish rebel (b. 1630)
- September 12 – John George III, Elector of Saxony (b. 1647)
- October 9 – William Sacheverell, English statesman (b. 1638)
- October 10 – Isaac de Benserade, French poet (b. 1613)
- November 14 – Tosa Mitsuoki, Japanese painter (b. 1617)
- November 15 – Aelbert Cuyp, Dutch painter (b. 1620)
- December 8 – Richard Baxter, English clergyman (b. 1615)
- December 31 – Robert Boyle, English chemist who formulated Boyle's Law, which states that under conditions of constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional (b. 1627)
- probable – Elizabeth Polwheele, English playwright (b. c. 1651)
