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| name = Padma Bhushan
| name = Padma Bhushan
| image = Padma Bhushan India IIe Klasse.jpg
| image = Padma Bhushan India IIe Klasse.jpg
| alt = Padma Bhushan medal suspended from its riband
| image_size= 100px
| image_size = 100px
| type = National Civilian
| type = National Civilian
| country = [[India]]
| country = India
| established = 1954
| established = 1954
| first_award = 1954
| first_award = 1954
| awarded_by = <br>[[File:Emblem of India.svg|30px|State Emblem of India]]<br/>[[Government of India]]
⚫
| total = 204
| awarded_by = [[Government of India]]
| previous_names = [[Padma Vibhushan]] "Dusra Warg" (Class II)
| previous_names = [[Padma Vibhushan]] "Dusra Warg" (Class II)
| obverse = A centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus.
| obverse = A centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus.
| reverse = A platinum [[State Emblem of India|Emblem of India]] placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "[[Satyameva Jayate]]" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script
| reverse = A platinum [[State Emblem of India]] placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "[[Satyameva Jayate]]" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script
| ribbon = [[File:IND Padma Bhushan BAR.png|100px]]
| ribbon = [[File:IND Padma Bhushan BAR.png|100px|Padma Bhushan riband]]
| higher = [[Padma Vibhushan]]
| higher = [[File:IND Padma Vibhushan BAR.png|x15px|Padma Vibhushan riband]] [[Padma Vibhushan]]
| lower = [[Padma Shri]]
| lower = [[File:IND_Padma_Shri_BAR.png|x15px|Padma Shri riband]] [[Padma Shri]]
⚫
| total = 204
}}
}}


The [[Padma Bhushan]] is the third highest [[Indian honours system|civilian honour]] of the [[India|Republic of India]], preceded by the [[Padma Vibhushan]] and followed by the [[Padma Shri]]. Presented by the [[Government of India]] since 1954 for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex, the award consists of a certificate and a medallion and the recipient's name is registered in ''[[The Gazette of India]]''. When instituted, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Warg", a class-two award under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards, which were preceded by the [[Bharat Ratna]] in hierarchy. On 15{{nbsp}}January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri.<ref name=award1954>{{cite journal|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1954/E-2233-1954-0001-103507.pdf|title=The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I|last=Lal|first=Shavax A.|year=1954|journal=The Gazette of India|publisher=The President's Secretariat|publication-date=2 January 1954|accessdate=14 March 2016|format=PDF|pages=2|quote=The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated 'Padma Vibhushan' in three classes, namely: 'Pahela Varg', 'Dusra Varg' and 'Tisra Varg'|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514155953/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1954/E-2233-1954-0001-103507.pdf|archivedate=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref name=award1955>{{cite journal|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1955/O-2196-1955-0003-100533.pdf |title=The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I |last=Ayyar |first=N. M. |year=1955 |journal=The Gazette of India |publisher=The President's Secretariat |publication-date=15 January 1955 |accessdate=14 March 2016 |format=PDF |pages=8 |quote=All persons upon whom the decoration of 'Padma Vibhushan' ('Dusra Varg') was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Bhushan has been conferred by the President. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518211317/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1955/O-2196-1955-0003-100533.pdf |archivedate=18 May 2014 |dead-url=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name="scheme">{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Scheme|url=http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-PadmaAwards-050514.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|accessdate=14 March 2016 |format=PDF}}</ref> The Padma Bhushan, along with other personal civilian honours, was briefly suspended twice since its inception; for the first time in July 1977 and the suspension was annulled on 25 January 1980 by the then Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]]. The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992 for it being "titles" per an interpretation of [[s:Constitution of India/Part III|Article 18 (1)]] of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref name=Edgar>{{cite book|last=Edgar|first=Thorpe|title=The Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2011|year=2011|publisher=Pearson Education India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHaYRoLuKBgC|isbn=978-81-317-5640-9|p=808}}{{rp|C-105}}</ref>{{efn|name=Article18|Per Article 18 (1) of the [[Constitution of India]]: Abolition of titles, "no title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf|title=The Constitution of India|accessdate=19 May 2014|format=PDF|page=36|publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909230437/http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf|archivedate=9 September 2014}}</ref>}} On 25 August 1992, the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]] issued a notice temporarily suspending all civilian awards.<ref name=Edgar/> On 15 December 1995, the Special Division Bench restored the awards and delivered a judgment that the "Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles under Article 18 of the Constitution of India".<ref name="sci">{{cite web|url=http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgst.aspx?filename=19825|title=Balaji Raghavan S. P. Anand Vs. Union of India: Transfer Case (civil) 9 of 1994|date=4 August 1997|accessdate=14 May 2014|publisher=Supreme Court of India|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519060941/http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgst.aspx?filename=19825|archivedate=19 May 2014}}</ref>
The [[Padma Bhushan]] is the third-highest [[Indian honours system|civilian award]] of the [[India|Republic of India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/pv-sindhu-recommended-for-padma-bhushan-indias-third-highest-civilian-award-by-sports-ministry-4079101.html|title=PV Sindhu recommended for Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, by sports ministry|work=Firstpost|date=25 September 2017|accessdate=26 December 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226235920/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/pv-sindhu-recommended-for-padma-bhushan-indias-third-highest-civilian-award-by-sports-ministry-4079101.html|archivedate=26 December 2017|df=}}</ref> Instituted on 2{{nbsp}}January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex.<ref name=award1954>{{cite journal|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1954/E-2233-1954-0001-103507.pdf|title=The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I|last=Lal|first=Shavax A.|year=1954|journal=The Gazette of India|publisher=The President's Secretariat|publication-date=2 January 1954|accessdate=31 March 2018|format=PDF|pages=2|quote=The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated 'Padma Vibhushan' in three classes, namely: 'Pahela Varg', 'Dusra Varg' and 'Tisra Varg'|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514155953/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1954/E-2233-1954-0001-103507.pdf|archivedate=14 May 2014}}</ref> The recipients receive a ''Sanad'', a certificate signed by the [[President of India]] and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] (26{{nbsp}}January) and registered in ''[[The Gazette of India]]''{{mdash}}a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the [[Ministry of Urban Development]].<ref name="scheme">{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Scheme|url=http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-PadmaAwards-050514.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|accessdate=28 September 2015|format=PDF|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209002803/http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-PadmaAwards-050514.pdf|archivedate=9 February 2018|df=}}</ref> The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the ''Gazette''. The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register;<ref name=award1955>{{cite journal|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1955/O-2196-1955-0003-100533.pdf|title=The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I|last=Ayyar|first=N. M.|year=1955|journal=The Gazette of India|publisher=The President's Secretariat|publication-date=15 January 1955|accessdate=31 March 2018|format=PDF|pages=8|quote=All persons upon whom the decoration of 'Padma Vibhushan' ('Dusra Varg') was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Bhushan has been conferred by the President.|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518211317/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1955/O-2196-1955-0003-100533.pdf |archivedate=18 May 2014}}</ref> none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 2000–2009 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the [[State governments of India|state and the union territory governments]], as well as from [[Union Government ministries of India|Ministries of the Government of India]], the [[Bharat Ratna]] and the [[List of Padma Vibhushan award recipients|Padma Vibhushan awardees]], the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the [[List of current Indian chief ministers|Chief Ministers]] and the [[List of current Indian governors|Governors of State]], and the [[Member of Parliament (India)|Members of Parliament]] including private individuals.<ref name="scheme" />

When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Warg" (Class II) under the three-tier [[Padma Vibhushan]] awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15{{nbsp}}January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="scheme" /> The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the [[Public sector undertakings in India|public sector undertakings]] with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute.<ref name=award1955 /> The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion {{convert|1+3/4|inch|mm}} in diameter and {{convert|1/8|inch|mm}} thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of {{convert|1+3/16|inch|mm}} side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter {{convert|1+1/16|inch|mm}} is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in [[Devanagari]] script. The [[State Emblem of India]] is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "[[Satyameva Jayate]]" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband {{convert|1+1/4|inch|mm}} in width with a broad white stripe in the middle.<ref name="scheme" /><ref name=award1955 /> It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of [[Indian honours system|the Indian civilian and military awards]].{{efn|The order of precedence is: [[Bharat Ratna]], [[Param Vir Chakra]], [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|Ashoka Chakra]], [[Padma Vibhushan]] and Padma Bhushan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=zCQHR1MODtMw0EJ0MUc5CA==&ParentID=XRRy6fl/Yj1c0bK0sve+Pg==|title=Wearing of Medals: Precedence Of Medals|accessdate=22 November 2015|publisher=Indian Army|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220808/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=zCQHR1MODtMw0EJ0MUc5CA%3D%3D&ParentID=XRRy6fl%2FYj1c0bK0sve+Pg%3D%3D|archivedate=3 March 2016|df=}}</ref>}}


{{As of|2018}}, a total of two hundred and four individuals have been conferred with the award in 2010s. Forty-three conferments were presented in 2010, thirty-one in 2011, twenty-eight in 2012, twenty-three in 2013, twenty-four in 2014, twenty in 2015, nineteen in 2016, seven in 2017, and nine in 2018. These included twenty-eight foreign recipients; one each from the Bangladesh, Germany, Ireland, Singapore, Russia, and Thailand, three from United Kingdom, and nineteen from the United States. Individuals from ten different fields were awarded, which includes fifty-eight artists, fourteen civil servants, thirty-four from literature and education, seventeen from medicine, thirteen from public affairs, twenty-three from science and engineering, seven from social work, nine sportspersons, nineteen from trade and industry, and eleven from other fields. Most recently on 25 January 2018, the award has been bestowed upon nine recipients.<ref name="PadmaAwards">{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2014)|url=http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Year_Wise_main_25042017.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|date=21 May 2014|accessdate=22 March 2016|format=PDF|pp=166–193}}
{{As of|2018}}, a total of two hundred and four individuals have been conferred with the award in 2010s. Forty-three conferments were presented in 2010, thirty-one in 2011, twenty-eight in 2012, twenty-three in 2013, twenty-four in 2014, twenty in 2015, nineteen in 2016, seven in 2017, and nine in 2018. These included twenty-eight foreign recipients; one each from the Bangladesh, Germany, Ireland, Singapore, Russia, and Thailand, three from United Kingdom, and nineteen from the United States. Individuals from ten different fields were awarded, which includes fifty-eight artists, fourteen civil servants, thirty-four from literature and education, seventeen from medicine, thirteen from public affairs, twenty-three from science and engineering, seven from social work, nine sportspersons, nineteen from trade and industry, and eleven from other fields. Most recently on 25 January 2018, the award has been bestowed upon nine recipients.<ref name="PadmaAwards">{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2014)|url=http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Year_Wise_main_25042017.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|date=21 May 2014|accessdate=22 March 2016|format=PDF|pp=166–193}}

Revision as of 16:34, 1 April 2018

Padma Bhushan
Padma Bhushan medal suspended from its riband
TypeNational Civilian
CountryIndia
RibbonPadma Bhushan riband
ObverseA centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus.
ReverseA platinum State Emblem of India placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script
Established1954
Websitehttp://www.padmaawards.gov.in/ Edit this on Wikidata
Precedence
Next (higher)Padma Vibhushan riband Padma Vibhushan
Next (lower)Padma Shri riband Padma Shri

The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of the Republic of India.[1] Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex.[2] The recipients receive a Sanad, a certificate signed by the President of India and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on Republic Day (26 January) and registered in The Gazette of India—a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the Ministry of Urban Development.[3] The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register;[4] none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 2000–2009 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals.[3]

When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Warg" (Class II) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri.[3] The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute.[4] The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1+3⁄4 inches (44 mm) in diameter and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1+3⁄16 inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in Devanagari script. The State Emblem of India is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1+1⁄4 inches (32 mm) in width with a broad white stripe in the middle.[3][4] It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of the Indian civilian and military awards.[a]

As of 2018, a total of two hundred and four individuals have been conferred with the award in 2010s. Forty-three conferments were presented in 2010, thirty-one in 2011, twenty-eight in 2012, twenty-three in 2013, twenty-four in 2014, twenty in 2015, nineteen in 2016, seven in 2017, and nine in 2018. These included twenty-eight foreign recipients; one each from the Bangladesh, Germany, Ireland, Singapore, Russia, and Thailand, three from United Kingdom, and nineteen from the United States. Individuals from ten different fields were awarded, which includes fifty-eight artists, fourteen civil servants, thirty-four from literature and education, seventeen from medicine, thirteen from public affairs, twenty-three from science and engineering, seven from social work, nine sportspersons, nineteen from trade and industry, and eleven from other fields. Most recently on 25 January 2018, the award has been bestowed upon nine recipients.[6]

Recipients

Photograph of an old man wearing glasses
In a career spanning over six decades, Shrinivas Khale (2010) composed more than 1000 songs primarily written in Marathi along with Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati and Sanskrit.[7]
Photograph of a dancer wearing black Sari.
Mallika Sarabhai (2010) is a Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi dancer and has been awarded Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (2000) and the Knight of the Order of Arts & Letters (2002).[8]
Photograph of a smiling old man wearing glasses.
Kathakali exponent Madavoor Vasudevan Nair (2011) had expertise is in portraying anti-hero characters such as Ravana, Duryodhana, Kichaka, and Jarasandha.[9]
Photograph of a smiling old man wearing glasses.
Ayurvedic and Naturopathy exponent Raghavan Thirumulpad (2011) has authored of several works on wellness in Sanskrit and Malayalam.[10]
Photograph of an old man wearing black glasses and talking on mic.
Considered as "one of the foremost contemporary artists",[11] British-Indian sculptor Anish Kapoor (2012) was awarded a Knighthood in 2013.[12]
Photograph of a man wearing suit and speaking in front of a mic.
Cardiac surgeon turned businessman Devi Shetty (2012) is a chairman and Founder of Narayana Health, a chain of 21 medical centers in the country.[13]
Photograph of an old man wearing black glasses
Marathi language poet and lyricist Mangesh Padgaonkar (2013) won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1980 for his collection of poems, "Salaam".[14]
Photograph of an old woman speaking in front of a mic with her both hand in the air.
A Critical theorist, literary critic, and educator Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (2013) has been involved in rural education, feminist and ecological social movements since 1986.[15]
Photograph of a man wearing glasses and speaking in front of a mic.
Author of over 500 short stories and articles,[16] Indian author of British descent Ruskin Bond (2014) also received the Sahitya Akademi Award for English writing in 1992.[17]
Photograph of an old man sitting in a chair
Grammy-winner percussionist in the field of Carnatic music and a Ghatam exponent T. H. Vinayakram (2014) has been elected Fellow of Sangeet Natak Akademi for his contribution to Indian music.[18]
Photograph of a smiling man
Best known as the architect of country's first supercomputer PARAM, Vijay P. Bhatkar (2015) is a computer scientist, Information technology leader, and educationist.[19]
Photograph of an old man wearing glasses
Geologist Khadg Singh Valdiya (2015) is known for his contribution to the sphere of geodynamics and was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for his work in the fields of Neotectonics, Sedimentology, and Environmental geology.[20]
Photograph of an old man in white shirt.
A. V. Rama Rao (2016) is known for his work in Organic synthesis and has published more than 260 research papers. Rao has been elected a fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, the Indian Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, and The World Academy of Sciences.[21]
Photograph of a man wearing black suit and left hand in the air.
Vinod Rai (2016) is the former Comptroller and Auditor General of India and had been a Director on several Boards including the State Bank of India, ICICI Bank, IDBI Bank, Life Insurance Corporation of India, and IDFC.[22]
Photograph of an old man playing an instrument.
Grammy-winner Vishwa Mohan Bhatt (2017) is a Hindustani classical music instrumentalist, the "best known exponent of the Mohan Veena".[23]
Photograph of an old lady proposing a toast with her right hand
Thailand national Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn (2017) is a scholar of Sanskrit language.[24]
Photograph of an old man with white beard wearing glasses.
The longest-serving bishop (over 62 years) in the country, Philipose Mar Chrysostom (2018) is the Metropolitan bishop of the Mar Thoma Church in Kerala.[25]
Photograph of an old man in white shirt
Once described as "an unequalled expert in Chola bronzes", historian, archaeologist and epigraphist R. Nagaswamy (2018) is known for his work on temple inscriptions and art history of Tamil Nadu.[26]
Award recipients by year[6]
Year Number of recipients
2010
43
2011
31
2012
28
2013
23
2014
24
2015
20
2016
19
2017
7
2018
9
Award recipients by field[6]
Field Number of recipients
Arts
58
Civil Service
14
Literature & Education
34
Medicine
17
Others
11
Public Affairs
13
Science & Engineering
23
Social Work
7
Sports
9
Trade & Industry
19
Key
   # Indicates a posthumous honour
List of Padma Bhushan award recipients, showing the year, field, and state/country[6]
Year Recipient Field State
2010 Satya Paul Agarwal Medicine Delhi
2010 Mohammad Amin Literature & Education Delhi
2010 Sailesh Kumar Bandopadhyay Public Affairs West Bengal
2010 M. S. Banga Trade & Industry —[A]
2010 Anil Bordia Literature & Education Rajasthan
2010 Bipan Chandra Literature & Education Delhi
2010 B. K. Chaturvedi Civil Service Delhi
2010 Sant Singh Chatwal Public Affairs —[B]
2010 G. P. Chopra Literature & Education Delhi
2010 Tan Chung Literature & Education —[B]
2010 Madhusudan Dhaky Arts Gujarat
2010 P. R. Dubhashi Civil Service Maharashtra
2010 Puttaraj Gawai Arts Karnataka
2010 Belle Monappa Hegde Medicine Karnataka
2010 Ilaiyaraaja Arts Tamil Nadu
2010 Jagdish Chandra Kapur Science & Engineering Delhi
2010 Shrinivas Khale Arts Maharashtra
2010 Aamir Khan Arts Maharashtra
2010 Sultan Khan Arts Maharashtra
2010 Ram Kumar Arts Delhi
2010 Kumudini Lakhia Arts Gujarat
2010 Kuzhur Narayana Marar Arts Kerala
2010 Chhannulal Mishra Arts Uttar Pradesh
2010 E. T. Narayanan Mooss Medicine Kerala
2010 C. P. Krishnan Nair Trade & Industry Maharashtra
2010 S. P. Oswal Trade & Industry Punjab
2010 Akbar Padamsee Arts Maharashtra
2010 Ramakanta Panda Medicine Maharashtra
2010 Balasaheb Vikhe Patil Social Work Maharashtra
2010 Arogyaswami Paulraj Science & Engineering —[B]
2010 A. R. Rahman Arts Tamil Nadu
2010 Moosa Raza Civil Service Delhi
2010 Mallika Sarabhai Arts Gujarat
2010 Nookala Chinna Satyanarayana Arts Andhra Pradesh
2010 Abhijit Sen Public Affairs Delhi
2010 Satya Vrat Shastri Literature & Education Delhi
2010 Noshir M. Shroff Medicine Delhi
2010 Kushal Pal Singh Trade & Industry Delhi
2010 Bikash Sinha Science & Engineering West Bengal
2010 Balagangadharanatha Swamiji Social Work Karnataka
2010 Narayanan Vaghul Trade & Industry Tamil Nadu
2010 P. K. Warrier Medicine Kerala
2010 Fareed Zakaria Literature & Education —[B]
2011 S. P. Balasubrahmanyam Arts Tamil Nadu
2011 Rajashree Birla Social Work Maharashtra
2011 M. N. Buch Civil Service Madhya Pradesh
2011 C. V. Chandrasekhar Arts Tamil Nadu
2011 Ajai Chowdhry Trade & Industry Delhi
2011 Yogesh Chander Deveshwar Trade & Industry West Bengal
2011 Satyadev Dubey Arts Maharashtra
2011 T. J. S. George Literature & Education Karnataka
2011 Shankha Ghosh Literature & Education West Bengal
2011 Kris Gopalakrishnan Trade & Industry Karnataka
2011 Keki Byramjee Grant[i]# Medicine Maharashtra
2011 Shashi Kapoor Arts Maharashtra
2011 Krishen Khanna Arts Haryana
2011 Mohammed Zahur Khayyam Arts Maharashtra
2011 Chanda Kochhar Trade & Industry Maharashtra
2011 Dwijen Mukhopadhyay Arts West Bengal
2011 Madavoor Vasudevan Nair Arts Kerala
2011 Ramdas Pai Literature & Education Karnataka
2011 Dashrath Patel[ii]# Arts Gujarat
2011 Rajendra Singh Pawar Trade & Industry Haryana
2011 Suryanarayanan Ramachandran Science & Engineering Tamil Nadu
2011 Shobhana Ranade Social Work Maharashtra
2011 Gunupati Venkata Krishna Reddy Trade & Industry Andhra Pradesh
2011 Kallam Anji Reddy Trade & Industry Andhra Pradesh
2011 Waheeda Rehman Arts Maharashtra
2011 Shyam Saran Civil Service Delhi
2011 Analjit Singh Trade & Industry Delhi
2011 Arpita Singh Arts Delhi
2011 Surendra Singh Civil Service Delhi
2011 R. K. Srikantan Arts Karnataka
2011 Raghavan Thirumulpad[iii]# Medicine Kerala
2012 Suresh H. Advani Medicine Maharashtra
2012 Shabana Azmi Arts Maharashtra
2012 Homi K. Bhabha Literature & Education —[A]
2012 Shashikumar Chitre Science & Engineering Maharashtra
2012 Khaled Choudhury Arts West Bengal
2012 Jatin Das Arts Delhi
2012 Vidya Dehejia Literature & Education —[B]
2012 Dharmendra Arts Maharashtra
2012 S. N. Goenka Social Work Maharashtra
2012 M. S. Gopalakrishnan Arts Tamil Nadu
2012 T. V. Gopalakrishnan Arts Tamil Nadu
2012 Buddhadev Das Gupta Arts West Bengal
2012 Sunil Janah Arts —[B]
2012 Anish Kapoor Arts —[A]
2012 S. B. Mujumdar Literature & Education Maharashtra
2012 Balasubramanian Muthuraman Trade & Industry Maharashtra
2012 Mira Nair Arts Delhi
2012 Arvind Panagariya Literature & Education —[B]
2012 José Pereira Literature & Education —[B]
2012 Mata Prasad Civil Service Uttar Pradesh
2012 M. S. Raghunathan Science & Engineering Maharashtra
2012 P. Chandrasekhara Rao Public Affairs —[C]
2012 Ronen Sen Civil Service West Bengal
2012 Devi Shetty Medicine Karnataka
2012 M. V. Subbiah Trade & Industry Tamil Nadu
2012 N. Vittal Civil Service Kerala
2012 N. H. Wadia Medicine Maharashtra
2012 George Yeo Public Affairs —[D]
2013 Satya N. Atluri Science & Engineering —[B]
2013 Maharaj Kishan Bhan Civil Service Delhi
2013 Jaspal Bhatti[iv]# Arts Punjab
2013 Rahul Dravid Sports Karnataka
2013 Adi Godrej Trade & Industry Maharashtra
2013 Abdul Rashid Khan Arts West Bengal
2013 Rajesh Khanna[v]# Arts Maharashtra
2013 Mary Kom Sports Manipur
2013 Nandkishore Shamrao Laud Medicine Maharashtra
2013 Mangesh Padgaonkar Literature & Education Maharashtra
2013 Hemendra Singh Panwar Civil Service Madhya Pradesh
2013 Jogesh Pati Science & Engineering —[B]
2013 Shivajirao Girdhar Patil Public Affairs Maharashtra
2013 A. Sivathanu Pillai Science & Engineering Delhi
2013 D. Ramanaidu Arts Andhra Pradesh
2013 Kanak Rele Arts Maharashtra
2013 V. K. Saraswat Science & Engineering Delhi
2013 Ashoke Sen Science & Engineering Uttar Pradesh
2013 Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak Literature & Education —[B]
2013 B. N. Suresh Science & Engineering Karnataka
2013 Sharmila Tagore Arts Delhi
2013 Ramamurthy Thyagarajan Trade & Industry Tamil Nadu
2013 Saroja Vaidyanathan Arts Delhi
2014 Anisuzzaman Literature & Education —[E]
2014 Mrityunjay Athreya Literature & Education Delhi
2014 Padmanabhan Balaram Science & Engineering Karnataka
2014 Dalveer Bhandari Public Affairs Delhi
2014 Ruskin Bond Literature & Education Uttarakhand
2014 Anita Desai Literature & Education Delhi
2014 Pullela Gopichand Sports Andhra Pradesh
2014 Kamal Haasan Arts Tamil Nadu
2014 Jyeshtharaj Joshi Science & Engineering Maharashtra
2014 Vijayendra Nath Kaul Civil Service Delhi
2014 Neelam Kler Medicine Delhi
2014 Madappa Mahadevappa Science & Engineering Karnataka
2014 Leander Paes Sports Maharashtra
2014 K. Radhakrishnan Science & Engineering Karnataka
2014 Anumolu Ramakrishna[vi]# Science & Engineering Andhra Pradesh
2014 Thirumalachari Ramasami Science & Engineering Delhi
2014 Lloyd Rudolph Literature & Education —[B]
2014 Susanne Hoeber Rudolph Literature & Education —[B]
2014 Vinod Prakash Sharma Science & Engineering Delhi
2014 Ghulam Mohammed Sheikh Arts Gujarat
2014 Begum Parveen Sultana Arts Maharashtra
2014 Dhirubhai Thaker Literature & Education Gujarat
2014 Vairamuthu Literature & Education Tamil Nadu
2014 J. S. Verma[vii]# Public Affairs Uttar Pradesh
2014 T. H. Vinayakram Arts Tamil Nadu
2015 Jahnu Barua Arts Assam
2015 Manjul Bhargava Science & Engineering —[B]
2015 Vijay Bhatkar Science & Engineering Maharashtra
2015 Swapan Dasgupta Literature & Education Delhi
2015 David Frawley Others —[B]
2015 Bill Gates Social Work —[B]
2015 Melinda Gates Social Work —[B]
2015 Satyamitranand Giri Others Uttar Pradesh
2015 N. Gopalaswami Civil Service Tamil Nadu
2015 Subhash C. Kashyap Public Affairs Delhi
2015 Gokulotsavji Maharaj Arts Madhya Pradesh
2015 Saichiro Misumi Others Japan
2015 Ambrish Mithal Medicine Delhi
2015 Sudha Ragunathan Arts Tamil Nadu
2015 Harish Salve Public Affairs Delhi
2015 Ashok Seth Medicine Delhi
2015 Rajat Sharma Literature & Education Delhi
2015 Satpal Singh Sports Delhi
2015 Shivakumara Swami Others Karnataka
2015 Khadg Singh Valdiya Science & Engineering Karnataka
2016 Ravindra Chandra Bhargava Public Affairs Uttar Pradesh
2016 Robert Blackwill Public Affairs —[B]
2016 Hafeez Contractor Others Maharashtra
2016 Indu Jain Trade & Industry Delhi
2016 Heisnam Kanhailal Arts Manipur
2016 Anupam Kher Arts Maharashtra
2016 Sania Mirza Sports Telangana
2016 Pallonji Mistry Trade & Industry —[F]
2016 Udit Narayan Arts Maharashtra
2016 Saina Nehwal Sports Telangana
2016 Yarlagadda Lakshmi Prasad Literature & Education Andhra Pradesh
2016 Vinod Rai Civil Service Kerala
2016 N. S. Ramanuja Tatacharya Literature & Education Maharashtra
2016 A. V. Rama Rao Science & Engineering Andhra Pradesh
2016 D. Nageshwar Reddy Medicine Telangana
2016 Dayananda Saraswati[viii]# Others Uttarakhand
2016 Barjinder Singh Hamdard Literature & Education Punjab
2016 Ram V. Sutar Arts Uttar Pradesh
2016 Tejomayananda Others Maharashtra
2017 Vishwa Mohan Bhatt Arts Rajasthan
2017 Deviprasad Dwivedi Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
2017 Ratnasundarsuri Others Gujarat
2017 Niranjanananda Saraswati Others Bihar
2017 Cho Ramaswamy[ix]# Literature & Education Tamil Nadu
2017 Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Literature & Education —[G]
2017 Tehemton Erach Udwadia Medicine Maharashtra
2018 Pankaj Advani Sports Karnataka
2018 Philipose Mar Chrysostom Spiritualism Kerala
2018 Mahendra Singh Dhoni Sports Jharkhand
2018 Alexander Kadakin[x]# Public Affairs —[H]
2018 Ramachandran Nagaswamy Archaeology Tamil Nadu
2018 Ved Prakash Nanda Literature & Education —[B]
2018 Laxman Pai Painting Goa
2018 Arvind Parikh Music Maharashtra
2018 Sharda Sinha Music Bihar

Controversies and refusals

The conferment on an Indian-American businessman Sant Singh Chatwal in 2010 created much controversy. Chatwal, who was awarded the Padma Bhushan in the field of Public Affairs, is known for his association with former US President Bill Clinton and his wife Hillary Clinton and pled guilty to violating the Federal Election Campaign Act and witness tampering during the United States presidential election.[37] He was also accused of lobbying for the award by leveraging "his contacts in the Prime Minister's Office and United States Congress".[38] The Government, however, issued a press release defending the conferment. The statement mentioned Chatwal as a "tireless advocate" of the country's interest in the United States and clarified that out of five Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) registered cases against him between 1992 and 1994, three were closed by CBI itself and in remaining two cases, Chatwal was discharged by the Court and as per the reports that were made available to the selection committee, there was "nothing adverse on record against him".[39][40] According to media reports, there were several cases filed or registered after April 2009 which includes three criminal complaints with Kerala Police and four cases in Delhi High Court and Kerala High Court. Chatwal also served summons in January 2010. However, the then Union Home Secretary Gopal Krishna Pillai said that "no probe has been ordered nor any report sought from anyone".[41]

Earlier in 2008, Chatwal was considered for the Padma Shri but the Indian Embassy in Washington, D.C. declined to nominate Chatwal when asked by the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO). Ronen Sen who was then serving as the Indian Ambassador to the United States had told PMO that the conferral would not be appropriate because of the controversy associated with Chatwal's financial dealings in two countries. Sen had also mentioned that though positive, Chatwal's contribution are much less compared to other Indian-Americans and the bestowal would not only "demoralise the others who had done much more" but also would create "the impression that India did not regard lack of transparency in financial dealings as a disqualification for its highest honours".[42]

In 2013, playback singer S. Janaki refused to accept her award and stated that "the award has come late in her five-and-half-decade long career". The singer also mentioned that she is not against the Government and expressed happiness for the recognition but requested the Government to "show some more consideration to the artists from the southern parts of the country.[43] In 2014, family members of J. S. Verma who served as 27th Chief Justice of India refused the posthumous conferral stating that "Verma himself would not have accepted" the honour as he "never hankered or lobbied for any acclaim, reward or favour".[44]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ The order of precedence is: Bharat Ratna, Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan.[5]
Non-citizen recipients
  1. ^ a b c Indicates a citizen of the United Kingdom
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Indicates a citizen of the United States
  3. ^ Indicates a citizen of Germany
  4. ^ Indicates a citizen of Singapore
  5. ^ Indicates a citizen of Bangladesh
  6. ^ Indicates a citizen of Ireland
  7. ^ Indicates a citizen of Thailand
  8. ^ Indicates a citizen of Russia
Posthumous recipients
  1. ^ Keki Byramjee Grant died on 4 January 2011, at the age of 90.[27]
  2. ^ Dashrath Patel died on 2 December 2010, at the age of 83.[28]
  3. ^ Raghavan Thirumulpad died on 21 November 2010, at the age of 90.[29]
  4. ^ Jaspal Bhatti died on 25 October 2012, at the age of 57.[30]
  5. ^ Rajesh Khanna died on 18 July 2012, at the age of 69.[31]
  6. ^ Anumolu Ramakrishna died on 20 August 2013, at the age of 73.[32]
  7. ^ J. S. Verma died on 22 April 2013, at the age of 80.[33]
  8. ^ Dayananda Saraswati died on 23 September 2015, at the age of 85.[34]
  9. ^ Cho Ramaswamy died on 7 December 2016, at the age of 82.[35]
  10. ^ Alexander Kadakin died on 26 January 2017, at the age of 67.[36]

References

  1. ^ "PV Sindhu recommended for Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, by sports ministry". Firstpost. 25 September 2017. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ Lal, Shavax A. (1954). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 2 January 1954): 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2018. The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated 'Padma Vibhushan' in three classes, namely: 'Pahela Varg', 'Dusra Varg' and 'Tisra Varg'
  3. ^ a b c d "Padma Awards Scheme" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b c Ayyar, N. M. (1955). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 15 January 1955): 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2018. All persons upon whom the decoration of 'Padma Vibhushan' ('Dusra Varg') was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Bhushan has been conferred by the President. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ "Wearing of Medals: Precedence Of Medals". Indian Army. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b c d "Padma Awards Directory (1954–2014)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 21 May 2014. pp. 166–193. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
    • "Padma Awards: 2015" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2015. p. 1. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
    • "Padma Awards: 2016" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2016. p. 1. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
    • "Padma Awards: 2017" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2017. p. 1. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
    • "Padma Awards: 2018" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2018. p. 1. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  7. ^ "Music composer Shrinivas Khale passes away at 85". Hindustan Times. 4 September 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  8. ^ Shah, Manali (28 August 2015). "10 years later, Mallika Sarabhai back with Sita's Daughters". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  9. ^ "Kathakali exponent Madavoor Vasudevan Nair no more". The New Indian Express. Thiruvananthapuram. 7 February 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  10. ^ "Ayurvedic exponent Raghavan Thirumulpad dies". Daily News and Analysis. 21 November 2010. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  11. ^ "Introducing the new UK passport design" (PDF). HM Passport Office. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  12. ^ "Profile: Anish Kapoor". Lisson Gallery. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  13. ^ Gokhale, Ketaki (29 July 2013). "Heart Surgery in India for $1,583 Costs $106,385 in U.S." Bloomberg. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  14. ^ "Veteran Marathi poet and Padma award recipient Mangesh Padgaonkar passes away". The Indian Express. 31 December 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  15. ^ "Kyoto Prize: Laureates: Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  16. ^ "Authors: Ruskin Bond". Penguin India. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  17. ^ "Scholastic Authors: Ruskin Bond". Scholastic. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  18. ^ "Fellow of Sangeet Natak Akademi: T. H. Vinayakram". Sangeet Natak Akademi. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  19. ^ "Dr. Vijay Bhatkar appointed Chancellor of Nalanda University". Nalanda University. 27 January 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  20. ^ Kasniyal, B. D. (29 January 2015). "Residents exult at Padma Bhushan to geologist Valdiya". The Tribune. Pithoragarh. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  21. ^ "NCL Alumni Global Meet 2015" (PDF). NCL Alumni Association. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  22. ^ "IDFC: Board of Directors". IDFC Bank. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  23. ^ Trivedi, Sukumar M. (7 January 2009). "'String' operation: Pt Vishwa Mohan Bhatt, father of Mohan Veena". The Indian Express. Ahmadabad. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  24. ^ "Thai Princess Sirindhorn chosen for first world Sanskrit Award". Hindustan Times. 5 February 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  25. ^ Sajimon, P. S. (28 April 2016). "BJP will open account in Kerala, says India's longest-serving bishop". Times of India. Alappuzha. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  26. ^ "There is no alternative history. It's only factual: Historian Dr R Nagaswamy". The Indian Express. 30 July 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  27. ^ Sayyed, Nozia (4 January 2011). "Pune's Ruby Hall Clinic founder, Dr Keki Grant, passes away". Daily News Analysis. Pune. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  28. ^ "Design Dada Dashrath Patel is dead". The Times of India. Ahmedabad. 4 January 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  29. ^ "Ayurvedic exponent Raghavan Thirumulpad dies in Kerala". Deccan Herald. Thrissur. 21 November 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  30. ^ Singh, I. P.; Mohan, Vibhor (25 October 2012). "Jaspal Bhatti dies in road accident". The Times of India. Jalandhar/Chandigarh. Retrieved 18 February 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ "Bollywood's 'first superstar' Rajesh Khanna dies aged 69". BBC. 18 July 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  32. ^ "DFI of India: Regional Report" (PDF). Deep Foundations Institute. January 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  33. ^ "India's anti-rape law judge JS Verma dies". BBC. 23 April 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  34. ^ Madhavan, Karthik (24 September 2015). "Swami Dayananda Saraswati passes away". The Hindu. Coimbatore. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  35. ^ Kolappan, B. (7 December 2016). "Cho Ramaswamy, editor of 'Thuglak', dies at 82". The Hindu. Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  36. ^ Roche, Elizabeth (27 January 2017). "Alexander Kadakin, Russian ambassador to India, dies after brief illness". Mint. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  37. ^ "Padma Bhushan to Chatwal: US court sentence to rake up controversy again". Hindustan Times. Chandigarh. 20 December 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  38. ^ Mukul, Akshaya; Mohan, Vishwa; Dhawan, Himanshi (6 February 2010). "Chatwal fiasco: Top civilian awards losing sheen". The Times of India. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  39. ^ "Padma award to Chatwal after due diligence: Govt". New Delhi: India Today. 27 January 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2017. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  40. ^ "Government defends Chatwal's Padma Bhushan". New Delhi: NDTV. 27 January 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
  41. ^ "Centre trying to ascertain facts in award for Chatwal case". Daily News Analysis. New Delhi. 6 February 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  42. ^ Varadarajan, Siddharth (1 February 2010). "Don't honour Chatwal, Indian envoy told PMO". The Hindu. New Delhi. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  43. ^ "Playback singer Janaki rejects Padma Bhushan award". The Times of India. Palakkad. 26 January 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  44. ^ "J. S. Verma's family refuses Padma Bhushan". Indian Express. New Delhi. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
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