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Revision as of 20:15, 26 July 2022

For the architect, see Robert McKay Fripp.

Robert Fripp
Fripp in 2007
Fripp in 2007
Background information
Born (1946-05-16) 16 May 1946 (age 78)
Wimborne Minster, Dorset, England, United Kingdom
Genres
Occupations
  • Musician
  • songwriter
  • producer
Instruments
Years active1967–present
Labels
WebsiteRobert Fripp

Robert Fripp (born 16 May 1946) is a British musician, songwriter, and record producer, best known as the guitarist, founder and longest-lasting member of the progressive rock band King Crimson.[1] He has worked extensively as a session musician and collaborator, notably with David Bowie, Blondie, Brian Eno, Peter Gabriel, Daryl Hall, Midge Ure, Talking Heads, and David Sylvian. He also composed the startup sound of Windows Vista operating system, in collaboration with Tucker Martine and Steve Ball.[2][3] His discography includes contributions to over 700 official releases.

His compositions often feature unusual asymmetric rhythms, influenced by classical and folk traditions. His innovations include a tape delay system known as Frippertronics and new standard tuning.

Early life

Robert Fripp was born in Wimborne Minster, Dorset, England,[1] the second child of a working-class family. His mother Edith (née Greene; 1914–1993) was from a Welsh mining family. Her earnings from working at the Bournemouth Records Office allowed his father, Arthur Henry Fripp (1910-1985) to start a business as an estate agent.[4] In 1957, at age ten, Fripp received a guitar for Christmas from his parents and recalled, "Almost immediately I knew that this guitar was going to be my life".[5] He then took guitar lessons from Kathleen Gartell and Don Strike;[6] at age 11, Elvis Presley's guitarist Scotty Moore inspired Fripp to play rock,[7] moving on to traditional jazz at 13 and modern jazz at 15. He cited jazz musicians Charlie Parker and Charles Mingus as his musical influences during this time.

In 1961, the fifteen-year-old Fripp joined his first band, The Ravens, which also included Gordon Haskell on bass. After they split in the following year, Fripp concentrated on his O-level studies and joined his father's firm as a junior negotiator. At this point, he intended to study estate management and eventually, take over his father's business.[5] However, at seventeen, Fripp decided to become a professional musician. He became the guitarist in the jazz outfit The Douglas Ward Trio, playing in the Chewton Glen Hotel of New Milton, followed by a stint in the rock and roll band The League of Gentlemen which included two former Ravens members.

In 1965, Fripp left the group to attend Bournemouth College, where he studied economics, economic history, and political history for his A-levels.[8] In February 1965, Fripp went to see the Duke Ellington Orchestra, an experience which moved him deeply.[7] He subsequently spent three further years playing light jazz in the Majestic Dance Orchestra at Bournemouth's Majestic Hotel (replacing future The Police guitarist Andy Summers, who had gone off to London with Zoot Money). It was during this time when he met musicians that he would collaborate with in his career: John Wetton, Richard Palmer-James, and Greg Lake.[9] At age 21, going back home from college late at night, Fripp tuned on to Radio Luxemburg where he heard the last moments of "A Day in the Life".[5] "Galvanized" by the experience, he went on to listen to Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, Béla Bartók's string quartets, Antonín Dvořák's New World Symphony, Jimi Hendrix's Are You Experienced and John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers.[5] Many years later, Fripp would recall that "although all the dialects are different, the voice was the same... I knew I couldn't say no".[5]

Career

1967–1974: Giles, Giles and Fripp and King Crimson

In 1967, Fripp responded to an advertisement placed by Bournemouth-born brothers Peter and Michael Giles, who wanted to work with a singing organist.[5] Though Fripp was not what they sought, his audition with them was a success and the trio relocated to London and became Giles, Giles and Fripp. Their only studio album, The Cheerful Insanity of Giles, Giles and Fripp, was released in 1968.[10] Despite the recruitment of two further members – singer Judy Dyble (formerly with Fairport Convention and later of Trader Horne) and multi-instrumentalist Ian McDonald – Fripp felt that he was outgrowing the eccentric pop approach favoured by Peter Giles (preferring the more ambitious compositions being written by McDonald) and the band broke up in 1968.

Fripp, on tour with King Crimson, in 1973.

Almost immediately, Fripp, McDonald and Michael Giles formed the first lineup of King Crimson in mid-1968, recruiting Fripp's old Bournemouth College friend Greg Lake as lead singer and bass player, and McDonald's writing partner Peter Sinfield as lyricist, light show designer and general creative consultant. King Crimson's debut album, In the Court of the Crimson King, was released in late 1969 to great success: drawing on rock, jazz and European folk/classical music ideas, it is regarded as one of the most influential albums in the history of progressive rock.[11] The band was tipped for stardom but (due to growing musical differences between Fripp on one side and Giles and McDonald on the other) broke up at the end of its first American tour in 1969. A despondent Fripp offered to leave the group if it would allow King Crimson to survive; however, Giles and McDonald had independently decided that the band's music was "more Fripp's than theirs" and that it would be better if they were the ones to leave.

During the recording of the band's second album In the Wake of Poseidon, Greg Lake departed to form Emerson, Lake and Palmer, leaving Fripp and Sinfield as the only remaining founder members. They issued two more albums (Lizard and Islands) and were the only constants in a regularly changing King Crimson lineup. It included (at various times) Gordon Haskell, saxophonist/flute player Mel Collins, drummers Andy McCulloch and Ian Wallace and future Bad Company bass player Boz Burrell, in addition to a palette of guest players from Soft Machine, Keith Tippett's band, Brotherhood of Breath and Centipede. Fripp was listed as the sole composer of the band's music during this time, which built on the first album's blueprint but progressed further into jazz rock and free jazz while also taking form from Sinfield's esoteric lyrical and mythological concepts.

In 1971, Fripp ousted Sinfield and took over de facto leadership of King Crimson (although he has always formally rejected the label, preferring to describe his role as "quality control" or "a kind of glue"). From this point onwards, Fripp would be the only constant member of the band, which in turn would be defined primarily by his compositional and conceptual ideas (which drew on avant-garde jazz and improvisation mixed with a variety of hard rock and European influences, in particular the music of Béla Bartók). With avant-garde percussionist Jamie Muir, violinist David Cross, singing bass player John Wetton and former Yes drummer Bill Bruford now in the ranks, King Crimson produced three more albums of innovative and increasingly experimental rock, shedding members as they progressed: beginning with Larks' Tongues in Aspic, progressing with Starless and Bible Black and culminating in the benchmark avant-power trio album Red. Fripp formally disbanded the group in 1974, in what eventually turned out to be merely the first in a regular series of long hiatuses and further transformations.[12]

1974–1981: Collaborations, side projects, and solo career

Fripp pursued side projects during King Crimson's less active periods. He worked with Keith Tippett (and others who appeared on King Crimson records) on projects far from rock music, playing with and producing Centipede's Septober Energy in 1971 and Ovary Lodge in 1973. During this period he also worked with Van der Graaf Generator, playing on the 1970 album H to He, Who Am the Only One, and in 1971, on Pawn Hearts. He produced Matching Mole's Matching Mole's Little Red Record in 1972.[citation needed] Prior to forming the Larks-era KC, he collaborated on a spoken-word album with a woman he described as "a witch", but the resulting Robert Fripp & Walli Elmlark: The Cosmic Children of Rock was never officially released.[13][14]

With Brian Eno, Fripp recorded (No Pussyfooting) in 1972, and Evening Star in 1974. These experimented with several avant-garde musical techniques that were new to rock. On "The Heavenly Music Corporation" from No Pussyfooting, Fripp used a tape delay system using two modified Revox A77 reel-to-reel tape machines for the first time. The technique went on to play a central role in Fripp's later work, and became known as "Frippertronics".[citation needed]

In 1973, Fripp performed the guitar solo on "Baby's on Fire", perhaps the best-known track on Eno's solo debut Here Come the Warm Jets. In 1975, Fripp and Brian Eno played live shows in Europe, and Fripp also contributed guitar solos to Eno's landmark album Another Green World.[15]

Fripp started what was intended as a permanent sabbatical from his career in 1975, during which he cultivated an interest in the teachings of Gurdjieff via J. G. Bennett (studies which would later be influential in his work with Guitar Craft). He returned to musical work as a studio guitarist on Peter Gabriel's first self-titled album in 1976, released the following year. Fripp toured with Gabriel to support the album, but remained out of sight (either in the wings or behind a curtain) and used the pseudonym "Dusty Rhodes".[16]

He produced and played on Gabriel's second album in 1978. "Robert is particularly skilful at keeping things fresh, and I like that a lot," Gabriel enthused. "I was very interested in Robert's experimental side; that corresponded exactly to what I wanted to do on this second record… There are two (Fripp) solos: one on 'On the Air' and the other on 'White Shadow'. And then he plays on 'Exposure'. He gives the colour to this piece, being fifty per cent responsible for its construction. And he also plays classical guitar here and there. He's a musician I admire a lot, because he's one of the only ones to mix discipline and madness with so much talent."[17]

In 1977, Fripp received a phone call from Eno, who was working on David Bowie's album "Heroes". Fripp and Eno had collaborated on an album released in 1975 called Evening Star. On this album – particularly 'An Index of Metals' – are strains that would influence the Bowie project two years later, notably its second side. Fripp's playing on Heroes initiated a series of collaborations with other musicians. Fripp soon collaborated with Daryl Hall on Sacred Songs.[18]

During this period, Fripp began working on solo material, with contributions from poet/lyricist Joanna Walton and several other musicians, including Eno, Gabriel, and Hall (including the latter's partner, John Oates), as well as Peter Hammill, Jerry Marotta, Phil Collins, Tony Levin and Terre Roche. This material eventually became his first solo album, Exposure, released in 1979, followed by the Frippertronics tour in the same year.[citation needed]

While living in New York, Fripp contributed to albums and live performances by Blondie (Parallel Lines) and Talking Heads (Fear of Music), and produced The Roches' first and third albums, which featured several of Fripp's characteristic guitar solos. A second set of creative sessions with David Bowie produced distinctive guitar parts on Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) (1980) and prior to that, Peter Gabriel's third solo album known as Melt. With Blondie, Fripp appeared live on stage at Hammersmith Odeon on 12 January 1980 participating in the band's cover version of Bowie's "'Heroes'". This recording was on the 12" single of Atomic released the same year and later turned up as a bonus track on CD pressings of Blondie's album Eat to the Beat.

Fripp's collaboration with bassist Busta Jones, drummer Paul Duskin, and vocals by David Byrne (Byrne credited as Absalm el Habib) produced God Save the Queen/Under Heavy Manners in the following year. He simultaneously assembled what he called a "second-division touring new wave instrumental dance band"[19] under the name League of Gentlemen, with bassist Sara Lee, keyboardist Barry Andrews and drummer Johnny Elichaoff (credited as "Johnny Toobad"). Elichaoff was later replaced by Kevin Wilkinson. The LOG toured for the duration of 1980.

In 1985 he produced the album Journey to Inaccessible Places by classical pianist Elan Sicroff, released on the Editions E.G. label.[20]

1981–1984: Reforming King Crimson

Later versions of Discipline featured this design by Steve Ball.

1981 saw the formation of a new King Crimson lineup, reuniting Fripp with drummer Bill Bruford and opening a new partnership with two American musicians: bass guitarist/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin (who had played with Fripp on Exposure and in the first Peter Gabriel touring band) and Adrian Belew, a singer and guitarist who had previously played with Bowie, Talking Heads and Frank Zappa. Although the band had been conceptualised under the name Discipline it came to Fripp's attention that the other members thought the name King Crimson was more appropriate: for Fripp, King Crimson had always been "a way of doing things" rather than a particular group of musicians, and the current group felt that their music captured that methodology. With the more pop-inspired Belew as main songwriter (complementing Fripp as main instrumental composer) the band took on a new style incorporating a gamelan-inspired continuo minimalism, New York influences from post-punk to go-go[citation needed], and textured experiments with guitar synthesizers. After releasing three albums (Discipline, Beat, Three of a Perfect Pair), this new King Crimson broke up in 1984.

During this period Fripp made two records with his old friend Andy Summers of The Police. On I Advance Masked, Fripp and Summers played all the instruments. Bewitched was dominated more by Summers, who produced the record and collaborated with other musicians in addition to Fripp.

In 1982 Fripp produced and played guitar on Keep on Doing by The Roches. As in his previous guesting on David Bowie's Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) (which also featured Pete Townshend and Chuck Hammer on guitar synthesizer), Fripp's distinctive guitar style and sound that characterised his music of this period is featured alongside the sisters' songs and harmony.[21]

Guitar Craft

The first Guitar Craft course began 25 March 1985 at the Claymont Court site in Charles Town, West Virginia.[22]
Main article: Guitar Craft

Fripp was offered a teaching position at the American Society for Continuous Education (ASCE) in Claymont Court, West Virginia in 1984. He had been involved with the ASCE since 1978, eventually serving on its board of directors, and had long been considering the idea of teaching guitar. His course, Guitar Craft, was begun in 1985, an offshoot of which was a performance group, "The League of Crafty Guitarists", which has released several albums. In 1986, he released the first of two collaborations with his wife, Toyah Willcox. The members of the California Guitar Trio are former members of The League of Crafty Guitarists and have also toured with King Crimson. Fripp is the patron of the Guitar Circle of Europe, which was founded in 2007,[23] and of the Seattle Circle Guitar School, which was founded in 2010.[24]

In February 2009, Fripp recommended that Guitar Craft cease to exist on its 25th anniversary in 2010.[25]

Soundscapes

Fripp returned to recording solo in 1994, using an updated version of the Frippertronics technique that creates loops employing digital technology instead of analogue tapes. Fripp has released a number of records that he called "soundscapes", including 1999, Radiophonics, A Blessing of Tears, That Which Passes, November Suite, The Gates of Paradise, Love Cannot Bear and At the End of Time, as well as numerous download-only live recordings. (The sampler Pie Jesu consists of material compiled from A Blessing of Tears and The Gates of Paradise.)

1990s collaborations with David Sylvian and others

Fripp's collaborations with David Sylvian feature some of his most exuberant guitar playing. Fripp contributed to Sylvian's twenty-minute track "Steel Cathedrals" from his Alchemy: An Index of Possibilities album of 1985. Then Fripp performed on several tracks from Sylvian's 1986 release, Gone to Earth.

In late 1991, Fripp had asked Sylvian to join a re-forming King Crimson as a vocalist.[26] Sylvian declined the invitation, but proposed a possible collaboration between the two that would eventually become a tour of Japan and Italy in the spring of 1992.

Also in 1991, Fripp released an album with the project Sunday All Over The World, also featuring his wife Toyah Willcox, former League of Crafty Guitarists member Trey Gunn on Chapman Stick, and drummer Paul Beavis. The prior name of this band was Fripp Fripp, and they toured as such in 1988. They renamed to SAOTW, and toured again as SAOTW, in 1989.[27]

In July 1993, Sylvian and Fripp released the collaborative effort The First Day. Other contributors were soon-to-be King Crimson member Trey Gunn on Chapman Stick and Jerry Marotta (who, like Sylvian, almost became a member of King Crimson) on drums. When the group toured to promote the CD, future King Crimson member Pat Mastelotto took over the drumming spot. The live document Damage was released in 1994, as was the joint venture, Redemption – Approaching Silence, which featured Sylvian's ambient sound sculptures (Approaching Silence) accompanying Fripp reading his own text (Redemption).[26]

During the early and mid-1990s Fripp contributed guitar/soundscapes to Lifeforms (1994) by the Future Sound of London and Cydonia (released 2001) by the Orb, as well as FFWD, a collaborative effort with the latter's members. In addition, Fripp worked with Brian Eno co-writing and supplying guitar to two tracks for a CD-ROM project released in 1994 entitled Headcandy created by Chris Juul and Doug Jipson. Eno thought the visual aspects of the disc (video feedback effects) were very disappointing upon completion, and regretted participation. During this period, Fripp also contributed to albums by No-Man and the Beloved (1994's Flowermouth and 1996's X, respectively). He also contributed soundscapes and guitar to two albums by the UK band Iona: 1993's Beyond These Shores and 1996's Journey into the Morn.

King Crimson redux (1994–2010)

Trey Gunn, Adrian Belew, and Fripp from 2003 King Crimson

In late 1994, Fripp re-formed the 1981 line-up of King Crimson for its fifth incarnation, adding Trey Gunn and drummer Pat Mastelotto in a configuration known as the "double trio" (the line-up included two guitars, two bass/Stick players and two drummers). This line-up released the VROOOM EP in 1994, and the Thrak album in 1995.

Though musically (and relatively commercially) successful, the double-trio King Crimson proved difficult to sustain in the long-term. From 1997 to 1999, the band "fraKctalised" into five experimental instrumental sub-groups known as ProjeKcts. By 1998 Bruford had quit the band altogether: in 2000, Fripp, Belew, Gunn and Mastelotto reunited as a four-piece King Crimson (minus Levin, who was busy with session work). This lineup produced two studio albums, the construKction of light in 2000 and The Power to Believe in 2003, which took on a more metallic, heavily electronic approach. Gunn departed at the end of 2003.

Although Levin immediately returned to the band, another hiatus followed until King Crimson reappeared in 2007 with a second drummer - Gavin Harrison of Porcupine Tree - appended to the lineup, This version of the band played a brief eastern USA tour in 2008, reassessing its 1981-2003 back catalogue and approach and introducing lengthy percussion duets between the two drummers. No new original material was recorded, and in 2010, Fripp announced that King Crimson were on another indefinite hiatus.[28]

Recent work: G3, Porcupine Tree, Slow Music, Theo Travis, the Humans, Jakko Jakszyk, Others

In 2004, Fripp toured with Joe Satriani and Steve Vai as the guitar trio G3. He also worked at Microsoft's studios to record the startup sound for Windows Vista. Fripp designed the soundscape and composed the melody, while Tucker Martine created the rhythm and Microsoft's own Stvee Ball added the harmonies and created the final arrangement.[29][30]

this interesting factoid: in addition to 200 million Vista users with the 4 note splash, an extract from the Soundscapes' Vista sessions is estimated to strike up 91% of 32 trillion times on the new MS Mail programme this year. So, one of the planet’s least popular music forms will also be the planet’s most sounded in 2008. This has to be some kind of a record.

Fripp's online diary at dgmlive.com[31]

In late 2005 and early 2006, Fripp joined sometime R.E.M./Nine Inch Nails drummer Bill Rieflin's improvisational Slow Music project, along with guitarist Peter Buck, Fred Chalenor (acoustic bass), Matt Chamberlain (drums) and Hector Zazou (electronics). This collective of musicians toured the west coast of America in May 2006.

In 2006 Fripp contributed his composition "At The End Of Time" to the Artists for Charity album Guitarists 4 the Kids, produced by Slang Productions, to assist World Vision Canada in helping underprivileged children.[32] Throughout 2006, Fripp would perform many solo concerts of soundscapes in intimate settings in churches around England and Estonia.[33] In October 2006, ProjeKct Six (Robert Fripp, Adrian Belew) played at select venues on the east coast of the U.S.,[34] opening for Porcupine Tree. In the same year, Fripp contributed soundscapes to two songs for Porcupine Tree's Fear of a Blank Planet - "Way Out of Here" and "Nil Recurring," the second of which was released in September 2007 as part of the Nil Recurring EP. Fripp also sporadically performed Soundscapes as an opening act for Porcupine Tree on various tours from 2006 through 2009.

In 2008, Fripp collaborated with Theo Travis on an album of guitar and flute-or-saxophone duets called 'Thread', and the duo played a brief English tour in 2009 (repeating the collaboration with the Follow album in 2012). Also in 2009, Fripp played a concert with the band the Humans (which consists of his wife Toyah Willcox, Bill Rieflin and Chris Wong), appeared on Judy Dyble's Talking With Strangers (along with Pat Mastelotto and others) and played on two tracks on Jakko Jakszyk's album The Bruised Romantic Glee Club. In 2010, Fripp contributed a guitar solo to an extended version of the song 'Heathen Child' by Grinderman, released as a B-side on the 'Super Heathen Child' single.

A Scarcity of Miracles, musical 'retirement' and new lineup of King Crimson

In May 2011, Jakko Jakszyk, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins released a song album called A Scarcity of Miracles: A King Crimson ProjeKct on the Panegyric label. The album also featured contributions by Tony Levin and Gavin Harrison, leading to speculation that the project was a dry run for a new King Crimson.

In an interview published 3 August 2012, Fripp stated that he had retired from working as a professional musician, citing long-standing differences with Universal Music Group and stating that working within the music industry had become "a joyless exercise in futility".[35][36] This retirement proved to be short-lived, lasting as long as it took to come to a settlement with UMG.

In his online diary entry for 6 September 2013, Fripp announced the return of King Crimson as a seven-piece unit with "four Englishmen and three Americans". The new lineup was Fripp, Levin, both Mastelotto and Harrison on drums, returning 1970s band member Mel Collins and two new members: Jakko Jakszyk as singer and second guitarist, and Bill Rieflin as a third drummer.[37] This version of the band went on tour in 2014 and 2015 with a setlist reworking and reconfiguring the band's 1960s and 1970s material (plus songs from A Scarcity of Miracles and new compositions). In early 2016, it was announced that former Lemon Trees/Beady Eye drummer Jeremy Stacey would substitute for Rieflin on that year's tour while the latter was on sabbatical. King Crimson has since continued touring as a seven- or eight-piece unit with Stacey as a permanent member on drums and keyboards, plus Rieflin (when available) on keyboards and "fairy dusting." Rieflin last played with Crimson on the 2018 tours; he died 24 March 2020.

Equipment

During the early years of King Crimson (1968–74), Fripp used two Gibson Les Paul guitars from 1957 and 1959. The '57 guitar featured three humbucker pick-ups (with one volume control on the pickguard controlling the middle pick-up). In the band's 1980s era, he favoured Roland GR-303 & GR-808 guitars for both straight guitar and synth control. In subsequent years, Fripp has used customized Les Paul-style guitars by Tokai, 48th St Custom, and Fernandes (the latter being his current choice).

A signature model named for the guitarist (Crimson Guitars Robert Fripp Signature)[38] features Fernandes Sustainer and MIDI pickups with a Les Paul-style body. A significant difference from the Gibson Les Paul is that the signature model is built using a deep set neck tenon rather than a traditional set neck.

Fripp recommended that Guitar Craft students adopt the Ovation 1867 Legend steel-string guitar, which had a shallow body.[39][40] "Fripp liked the way the Ovation 1867 fitted against his body, which made it possible for him to assume the right-arm picking position he had developed using electric guitars over the years; on deeper-bodied guitars, the Frippian arm position is impossible without uncomfortable contortions", according to Tamm.[39] While the 1867 Legend is no longer manufactured, it influenced the design of the Guitar Craft Pro Model of Guitar Craft Guitars, which has been endorsed by Fripp.[41]

Guitar technique

The knotwork symbol of Guitar Craft
See also: New standard tuning and Guitar Craft

Fripp began playing guitar at the age of eleven.[42] When he started, he was tone deaf and had no rhythmic sense, weaknesses which led him later to comment "Music so wishes to be heard that it sometimes calls on unlikely characters to give it voice."[43] He was also naturally left-handed but opted to play the guitar right-handed.[44]

While being taught guitar basics by his teacher Don Strike,[45][46] Fripp began to develop the technique of crosspicking, which became one of his specialities.[45] Fripp teaches crosspicking to his students in Guitar Craft.[47]

In 1985, Fripp began using a tuning he called "New Standard tuning"[48] (C2-G2-D3-A3-E4-G4), which would also become popularised in Guitar Craft.[49]

Fripp's guitar technique, unlike most rock guitarists of his era, is not blues-based but rather influenced by avant-garde jazz and European classical music. He combines rapid alternate picking and crosspicking with motifs employing whole-tone or diminished pitch structures and sixteenth-note patterns for long stretches in a form called moto perpetuo (perpetual motion).[48]

Rather than stand when performing, he seats himself on a stool (unusual for a performer in rock music), and by doing so was called in a May 1974 issue of Guitar Player "the guitarist who sits on stage".[50]

Comments from other artists

Many artists have cited Fripp as an influence or have expressed their admiration for him, including Steven Wilson,[51] Omar Rodríguez-López,[52] Trey Anastasio of Phish,[53] St. Vincent,[54] Kirk Hammett of Metallica,[55] Michael Angelo Batio,[56] Geoff Tate of Queensrÿche,[57] Nels Cline of Wilco,[58] Adam Jones of Tool,[59] Merzbow,[60] Vernon Reid of Living Colour,[61] Ben Weinman of The Dillinger Escape Plan,[62][63] Paul Masvidal of Cynic,[64] Steve Stevens of Billy Idol,[65] Chris Haskett of Rollins Band,[66] Ivar Bjørnson of Enslaved,[67] Dylan Carlson of Earth,[68] Dan Briggs,[69] Denis "Piggy" D'Amour of Voivod,[70] Daniel Mongrain,[71] Marcus Henderson,[72] Paul Lemos of Controlled Bleeding,[73] Richard Pinhas,[74] Nick Reinhart of Tera Melos,[75] Leopold Ross,[76] electronic musician Rustie,[77] film director Hal Hartley,[78] and Sean Beavan.[79]

Personal life

Fripp married singer and actress Toyah Willcox on 16 May 1986 in Poole, Dorset, England.[80] From December 1987 until July 1999 they lived at and renovated Reddish House, the former home of Cecil Beaton, in the village of Broad Chalke in Wiltshire.[81][82]

Fripp previously lived at Thornhill Cottage, Holt, Dorset (1971-1980) and Fernhill House, Witchampton (1980-1987).[83] After Reddish House, the couple lived at Evershot Old Mansion (1999-2001). They then moved to their present home in Pershore, Worcestershire.[83][84] The couple have no children and have arranged their will so as to leave their entire fortune to the establishment of a musical educational trust for children.[85]

Fripp is the patron of the Seattle Circle Guitar School in the United States and the Shallal Dance Theatre in Penzance, England.[24] He also has had engagements as a motivational speaker, often at events with his sister Patricia,[86] who is a keynote speaker and speech coach.[87]

Alfie Fripp, the last of the "39ers", shot down by the Luftwaffe and then held in 12 different POW camps during World War II, was his uncle.[88]

Fripp is a pescetarian.[89]

During the COVID-19 lockdowns, Fripp and Willcox uploaded many short, humorous videos to YouTube,[90] usually covers of well-known songs, and mostly titled Toyah and Robert's Sunday Lunch. According to rock and metal news website MetalSucks, their stories about these covers were extremely popular; their cover of Metallica’s “Enter the Sandman” [sic] was the site’s 6th-most popular story that year.[91]

Awards and honours

Asteroid 81947 Fripp, discovered by Marc Buie at Cerro Tololo in 2000, was named in his honour.[92] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 18 May 2019 (M.P.C. 114955).[93]

Fripp is ranked 62nd on Rolling Stone magazine's 2011 list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time after having been ranked 42nd by David Fricke on its 2003 list.[94][95] Tied with Andrés Segovia, he is ranked 47th on Gibson's Top 50 guitarists of all time.[96]

Discipline Global Mobile

Main article: Discipline Global Mobile

In 1992, Fripp and producer/online content developer David Singleton co-founded Discipline Global Mobile (DGM) as an independent music label. DGM releases music by Fripp, KC, related acts, and other artists in CDs and in downloadable files. A 1998 Billboard profile stated that DGM had ten staff-members in Salisbury (England) and Los Angeles (USA). DGM has an aim "to be a model of ethical business in an industry founded on exploitation, oiled by deceit, riven with theft and fueled by greed."[97] DGM insists that its artists retain all copyrights; consequently, even DGM's "knotwork" corporate-logo (pictured above) is owned by its designer, Steve Ball;[98][99] the "knotwork" logo appeared earlier on the cover of later versions of the Discipline album. DGM's aims were called "exemplary" by Bill Martin (1997), who wrote that "Fripp has done something very important for the possibilities of experimental music" in creating DGM, which "has played a major role in creating favorable conditions for" King Crimson.[100]

DGM publishes an on-line diary by Fripp, who often comments on performances and on relations with fans. A moderated forum allows fans to ask questions or to leave comments. Together, Fripp's diary and the fan forum display delayed dialogs in which Fripp and fans discuss diary-entries and forum-postings.[101]

In 2009, Fripp released a statement claiming that EMI & Sanctuary Universal had uploaded music to various music stores without his consent, stating "NONE of these downloads were licensed, authorised or legitimised. that is, every single download of any KC track represents copyright violation. or, to use one syllable instead of seven, theft."[102]

In 2011, Fripp complained that the music-distribution service Grooveshark continued to stream his music despite his having delivered repeated takedown notices. Fripp and Grooveshark's correspondence was published by Digital Music News[103][104][105] and in his diaries,[106] which appear on the website of Discipline Global Mobile.[101]

Fripp's published exchange was included in a suit against Grooveshark by Universal Music Group, which was filed in November 2011.[103][107] UMG cited internal documents revealing that Grooveshark employees uploaded thousands of illegal copies of UMG-owned recordings.[107] Fripp had previous experience protecting his music in litigation with music companies.[108] Fripp has stated he believes "Unauthorised streaming or MP3 giveaways - it amounts to the same thing - copyright theft."[109]

Discography

Main article: Robert Fripp discography
See also: King Crimson discography

Fripp has been extremely active as a recording musician and a producer. He has contributed to more than 700 official releases. The Robert Fripp Discography Summary, compiled by John Relph, also lists 120 compilations and 315 unauthorised releases (such as bootlegs). This means that more than 1100 releases (including both official and unofficial ones, as well as both studio and live recordings) can be found with Fripp participating. Studio releases are listed here.

Giles, Giles & Fripp

Solo

Studio albums

Live albums

  • 1994 : 1999: Soundscapes Live in Argentina
  • 1995 : Radiophonics: 1995 Soundscapes volume 1
  • 1995 : A Blessing of Tears: 1995 Soundscapes volume 2
  • 1996 : That Which Passes: 1995 Soundscapes volume 3
  • 1998 : November Suite
  • 2005 : Love Cannot Bear
  • 2007 : At the End of Time: Churchscapes Live in England & Estonia

Brian Eno

David Bowie

David Sylvian

Andy Summers

  • 1982 : I Advance Masked
  • 1984 : Bewitched
  • 1984 : Andy Summers & Robert Fripp Speak Out - Promo album

The League of Gentlemen

The League of Crafty Guitarists

  • 1986 : The League of Crafty Guitarists Live !
  • 1991 : Live II
  • 1991 : Show Of Hands
  • 1995 : Intergalactic Boogie Express

Theo Travis

  • 2008 : Thread
  • 2012 : Follow
  • 2012 : Discretion

Soundscapes

  • 1994 : 1999 Soundscapes: Live in Argentina
  • 1995 : A Blessing of Tears: 1995 Soundscapes, Vol. 2
  • 1996 : Radiophonics: 1995 Soundscapes, Vol. 1
  • 1996 : That Which Passes: 1995 Soundscapes, Vol. 3
  • 1997 : November Suite: Soundscapes - Live at Green Park Station 1996

Other recordings

  • 1981 : The Warner Brothers Music Show - The Return Of King Crimson (interviews with music inserts)
  • 1985 : Network (EP, compilation)
  • 1986 : The Lady or the Tiger (With Toyah Willcox)
  • 1991 : Kneeling at the Shrine (With Sunday All Over the World)
  • 1993 : The Bridge Between (With The Robert Fripp String Quintet)
  • 1994 : FFWD (With The Orb)
  • 1999 : The Repercussions of Angelic Behavior (With Bill Rieflin & Trey Gunn)
  • 2000 : A Temple in the Clouds (With Jeffrey Fayman)
  • 2007 : Robert Fripp : Unplugged - 3 CD Box-set
  • 2011 : A Scarcity of Miracles (With Mel Collins & Jakko Jakszyk)
  • 2012 : The Wine of Silence (With Andrew Keeling, David Singleton & Metropole Orkest)
  • 2015 : Starless Starlight : David Cross & Robert Fripp

Collaborations

Production

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Colin Larkin, ed. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Concise ed.). Virgin Books. pp. 493/4. ISBN 1-85227-745-9.
  2. ^ "Robert Fripp - Behind the scenes at Windows Vista recording session". Channel 9. Microsoft. 4 January 2006. Archived from the original on 13 October 2010. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
  3. ^ Veitch, Martin (10 November 2006). "Robert Fripp's Vista sounds are here". The Inquirer. Archived from the original on 30 June 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. ^ Fripp, Robert (1995). "Basis of Eulogy for Edie Fripp delivered at Wimborne Minster on July 30th. 1993 during the service to celebrate her life and commemorate her death.". A Blessing of Tears: 1995 Soundscapes - Volume Two - Live in California (Media notes). Discipline Global Mobile. DGM 9506.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Robert Fripp: New York•Wimborne". Late Night in Concert. 1985. BBC Television. BBC Two.
  6. ^ "Interview with Robert Fripp in Rock and Folk". Elephant-talk.com. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  7. ^ a b Shteamer, Hank (8 April 2019). "King Crimson's 50th Anniversary Press Day: 15 Things We Learned". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  8. ^ "Friday, 15th February 2008". Robert Fripp's Diary. San Francisco: Discipline Global Mobile. Archived from the original on 31 May 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  9. ^ Sid Smith. In the Court of King Crimson. London: Helter Skelter Publishing, 2002, pp. 16-18.
  10. ^ Cheerful Insanity of Giles Giles & Fripp. "Cheerful Insanity of Giles Giles & Fripp: Music". Amazon. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  11. ^ DigitalDreamDoor.com. "100 Greatest Progressive Rock Albums". Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  12. ^ "The day the music died". Financial Times. 3 August 2012.
  13. ^ Sid Smith (April 2014). "Perry, Fripp & Eno". dgmlive.com.
  14. ^ Fripp, Robert (18 October 1974). "Robert Fripp Would Like a Word". Trouser Press (Interview). Interviewed by Ihor Slabicky. New York. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  15. ^ "The Quietus | Features | Anniversary | Brian Eno's Another Green World, Revisited By William Doyle". The Quietus. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  16. ^ "Robert Fripp Discography: Other Unauthorized Releases". Elephant-talk.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  17. ^ Best magazine, May 1978; translated in Gabriel fanzine White Shadow (#1, pp13) by editor Fred Tomsett
  18. ^ Power, Ed. "The hidden, avant-garde side of Eighties hit machine Daryl Hall". The Irish Times. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  19. ^ Deming, Mark. "Robert Fripp: Biography". Allmusic.com. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  20. ^ "Elan Sicroff".
  21. ^ "Maggie Roche: The Hidden Heart of The Roches". pastemagazine.com. 24 January 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  22. ^ Tamm (2003, p. 127)
  23. ^ Guitar Circle of Europe. "Home". Guitar Circle of Europe. Archived from the original on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  24. ^ a b Fripp, Robert. "A Few Words from the Patron". Seattle Circle Guitar School. Retrieved 19 November 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  25. ^ "Saturday, 14th February 2009". Robert Fripp's Diary. Bredonborough: Discipline Global Mobile. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  26. ^ a b "Sylvian & Fripp Reissued". DGM Live. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  27. ^ "Sunday All Over The World". Discogs.com. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  28. ^ "Sunday, 5th December 2010". Robert Fripp's Diary. New York City: Discipline Global Mobile. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  29. ^ "Robert Fripp-Behind the scenes at Windows Vista recording session". Channel 9. Microsoft. 12 January 2006. Retrieved 29 April 2006.
  30. ^ "Making Windows Vista sing: Robert Fripp and the Vista melody". Channel 9. Microsoft. 2 March 2007.
  31. ^ "Saturday, 8th November 2008". Robert Fripp's Diary. Redmond: Discipline Global Mobile. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014.
  32. ^ "Slang Productions - Guitarists 4 the Kids". Slang Productions. 11 September 2006. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  33. ^ Fripp, Robert (30 March 2007). "Robert Fripp's Diary: DGM HQ". dgmlive.com.
  34. ^ "News". Dgmlive.com. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  35. ^ Hunter, Ludovic (3 August 2012). "The day the music died". FT.com. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  36. ^ "King Crimson's Robert Fripp Quits Music Biz | Rock News | News". Planet Rock. 7 September 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  37. ^ "Friday, 6th September 2013". Robert Fripp's Diary. Bredonborough: Discipline Global Mobile. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  38. ^ "Robert Fripp Guitars | CrimsonGuitars.com | the gallery". CrimsonGuitars.com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  39. ^ a b Tamm (2003, p. 130)
  40. ^ Fripp, Robert (2004). An introduction to Guitar Craft. Guitar Craft Monographs. Guitar Craft. Archived from the original on 5 August 2004. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  41. ^ "| | | Guitar Craft Guitars | | |". Guitarcraftguitars.com. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  42. ^ "Robert Fripp bio". Dgmlive.com. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  43. ^ Tamm (2003, p. 16, "Chapter two: The guitarist and the practice of music")
  44. ^ Sid Smith. In the Court of King Crimson. London: Helter Skelter Publishing, 2002, p.15
  45. ^ a b Tamm (2003, p. 14)
  46. ^ "History of the Guitar Craft Plectrum", by Steve Ball, SteveBall.com
  47. ^ Tamm (2003, pp. 137 and 141 (Chapter 10))
  48. ^ a b Baldwin, Douglas (November 2007). "Guitar Heroes: How to Play Like 26 Guitar Gods from Atkins to Zappa", edited by Jude Gold and Matt Blackett, Guitar Player p.111.
  49. ^ Tamm (2003, pp. 134, 142, 148 (Chapter 10), c.f. pp. 160, 4)
  50. ^ "Interview with Robert Fripp in Guitar Player (1974)". Elephant-talk.com. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  51. ^ Prasad, Anil (2010). "Porcupine Tree | Dream logic". Innerviews. Retrieved 20 February 2017. Fripp is my number one influence, no question. [...] When I was very young and first heard those King Crimson records, I would think "That's just wrong. You're playing the guitar wrong, mate!" But the more you start to listen to Fripp's playing, the more you appreciate his choices of notes. Fripp is a very unique man and his guitar playing reflects that. He doesn't pick notes in any sort of logical way, but he plays them with conviction. He blew my mind open when I heard his solos on King Crimson's "A Sailor's Tail" and Brian Eno's "Baby's on Fire." Just extraordinary stuff. I'll never be able to play like that because you have to have the mind of Fripp to do that, but there is certainly an influence from him in terms of choosing unique notes and making them sound beautiful.
  52. ^ Larzen, Geir. "Mars Volta". MonsterMagazine.no (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 14 February 2005. Retrieved 20 February 2017. Q: Dette til tross, du kan ikke nekte for å være utpreget influert av King Crimson og Robert Fripp.
    Omar Rodríguez-López: Selvfølgelig ikke! Jeg gjør faktisk ingen forsøk på å skjule min affekt for Fripps arbeider. [...] ble jeg introdusert for King Crimson, og på nytt kollapset alt, men på en konstruktiv måte. [...] Fripp tryllet i alle fall fram de vakreste toner jeg hadde hørt, og han kunne ikke ha gitt seg til kjenne på et mer gunstig tidspunkt i mitt liv. [...] Ingen kan nekte for at Robert Fripp, også helt tidlig i karrieren, var opptatt av jazz eller de blå notene. Durskalaer og oppstemte gjengroprefrenger har aldri appellert til meg, så da King Crimson ble meg til del var det som å smake på en bit av himmelriket.
    (Q: You can't deny that you're influenced by Robert Fripp and King Crimson, right?
    Omar Rodríguez-López: No, of course not! I make no attempt to hide my affection for Fripps work. [...] I was introduced to King Crimson and again everything collapsed, but in a constructive way. [...] Fripp made the most beautiful notes that I had heard, and he couldn't have been introduced to me at a better time in my life. [...] As soon as someone discovers jazz, it will influence their approach irrespective of which style or band the person concerned contributes to. It can't be denied that Robert Fripp was into jazz throughout his career or the blue notes. The major-scales and euphoric stadium-rock choruses have never appealed to me so when I got familiar with King Crimson's music it was like getting a taste of heaven.)
  53. ^ "Phish Scales: Trey Anastasio Breaks Down His Improvisation Techniques". Guitar World. New York City. 30 September 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2017. I'm a big fan of Robert Fripp [guitarist and founder of Sixties/Seventies progressive rock masters King Crimson—GW Ed.], and I still love a lot of his stuff. I was especially into his work with Brian Eno, on albums such as Another Green World, and I was really into King Crimson's Larks Tongues in Aspic, which is one of my all-time favorite albums. I like Red, too. Then there's the stuff he did later for his Discipline Records label. The "patterny" thing that Fripp is known for had a big influence on me.
  54. ^ Jim (20 January 2017). "Video: Annie Clark of St. Vincent Talks Gear and Influence at NAMM 2017" (video). Reverb.com. Event occurs at 1:34. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  55. ^ Gore, Joe (1 October 1996). "Kirkus Maximus: The Expanding World of Kirk Hammett". Guitar Player. Vol. 30, no. 10. pp. 58–62, 66. Interviewer: In the past it was always riffs front and center, interspersed with hard solos. Now you explore the middle ground and distance with coloristic parts that are neither monster riffs nor flashy solos.
    Kirk Hammett: There are fewer 30-part orchestrated guitar sections, fewer massive, bludgeoning riffs perfectly replicated by lames. There are more flexible ideas, more artistic flourishes, more colors. I've probably been influenced in that direction by people like Robert Fripp, Adrian Belew and David Torn. I'm more interested in using guitar sounds as textures and using effects in a more textural fashion. To paraphrase Robert Fripp, I'm more interested in painting a soundscape like he and Adrian Belew do in King Crimson, on Bowie records and in Fripp's solo stuff. Fripp is one of the most interesting guitar players I've ever heard--and I've just discovered him!
  56. ^ Pusey, Andre (1 December 2011). "World's Fastest Guitarist Michael Angelo Batio: "I Absolutely Love What I Do"". Theedgesusu.co.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2017. [...] A few years after that, I was really influenced by Al DiMeola, Robert Fripp, John McLaughlin and keyboardist Keith Emerson.
  57. ^ Schwartz, Greg M. "Revolution Now | An Interview with Queensryche". PopMatters. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  58. ^ Erickson, Anne (15 April 2010). "Interview: Nels Cline". Premier Guitar. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
  59. ^ Angle, Brad (15 January 2015). "Tool's Adam Jones: My 10 Favorite Guitarists". Guitar World. Retrieved 20 February 2017. Fripp's playing caused me to "wake up" to music when I was younger.
  60. ^ Hensley, Chad (1999). "The Beauty of Noise: An interview with Masami Akita of Merzbow". EsoTerra. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
  61. ^ "Interview:Musician's Friend's Artist Spotlight Exclusive Interview- A conversation with Vernon Reid". www.musiciansfriend.com. 27 July 2010. Retrieved 26 April 2017. [...] Robert Fripp is definitely another one who I would consider an influence.
  62. ^ Rosen, Steven (23 June 2014). "Ben Weinman: 'Guitarists Are Not Creative Anymore - They're Playing Around With Presets'". Ultimate Guitar. Retrieved 20 February 2017. [...] when I got into more technical guitar playing and things like that, I jumped right to fusion. So things like Crimson and stuff like that. [...] I was really heavily into Robert Fripp [...]
  63. ^ Massie, Andrew (15 July 2015). "The Rockpit interviews - BEN WEINMAN - DILLINGER ESCAPE PLAN". The Rockpit. Retrieved 20 February 2017. I guess some of my biggest influences are people like John Mclaughlin from Mahavishnu Orchestra, Robert Fripp from King Crimson [...]
  64. ^ Laci, David (April 2005). "Interview with Paul Masvidal - Mirgilus Siculorum". EmptyWords.org. Retrieved 21 February 2017. [...] At the time I wrote the introduction to "Textures", I was a big fan of Robert Fripp and his Crafty League of Guitarists records. I later learned about King Crimson having that side too, because of Robert's influence. All that counterpoint madness he wrote was brilliant. Also the use of loops and ambient environments as backdrops to these sonically beautiful pieces. Much of our progressive jazz/fusion influences found their way into the songs in the form of our chord choices and harmony.
  65. ^ "Steve Stevens-The Korea Guitar Interview". koreaguitar1.wordpress.com. 17 October 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2017. [...] For me, people are surprised to know, my true guitar heroes were Robert Fripp and Steve Howe and guys who were playing all different styles within the context of a rock band. I always loved the idea of how they approached guitar, which is to orchestrate the song with different guitar sounds and different guitar styles. [...]
  66. ^ "INTERVIEW. 041 - Chris Haskett (Rollins Band)". Thisisfubarproductions.tumblr.com. 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2017. [...] the biggest ones that influenced the playing I did in the Rollins Band would have to be the "Red/Starless & Bible Black/Lark's Tongue"-era King Crimson work of Fripp [...]
  67. ^ Benek (11 May 2013). "Enslaved Interview". Metalist.co.il. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  68. ^ Hughes, Rob (September 2014). "My Prog Hero: Dylan Carlson". Prog. No. 49. TeamRock.com (published 28 October 2014). Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  69. ^ "New "What's In My Bag?" Episode With Dan Briggs of Between the Buried and Me" (video). Amoeba.com. Los Angeles, California: Amoeba Music (published 5 February 2014). 3 February 2014. Event occurs at 1:32. Retrieved 31 August 2017. Robert Fripp is one of the biggest inspirations on me as a musician, someone who's had a career since the 60s and he's like constantly been an innovator, constantly pushing himself, trying new things, just constant source of inspiration [...]
  70. ^ Williams, Rob (29 July 2009). "Metal legends still soldiering on four years after guitarist's death". Winnipeg Free Press. Barcelona, Spain. Retrieved 25 February 2017. [...] They are very Voivodian and we can tell the influences of Piggy more than (his work for) Voivod. He was an Alex Lifeson fan, and a fan of Robert Fripp [...]
  71. ^ Ben (13 January 2003). "Entretien avec Daniel le 13 janvier 2003 (par Ben)". Grimparacelse.free.fr (in French). Retrieved 25 February 2017. Mes guitaristes préférés sont Allan Holdsworth, Jason Becker, Piggy (Denis D'amour, VOIVOD), Marty Friedman, Devin Townsend, Robert Fripp [...] (My favorite guitarists are Allan Holdsworth, Jason Becker, Piggy (Denis D'amour, VOIVOD), Marty Friedman, Devin Townsend, Robert Fripp.)
  72. ^ Adel, Mohamed (25 January 2014). "Exclusive: An Interview with Guitar Hero Lead Guitarist "Marcus Henderson"". Rockeramagazine.com. Retrieved 23 February 2017. I have so many favorite guitar players; Piggy from Voivod, Randy Rhoads, Robert Fripp, Ty Tabor, Dime, I can't list them all here but they continue to shape my playing and note choices long after they have turned off their amps.
  73. ^ "Controlled Bleeding's Paul Lemos Discusses the Ten Albums that Most Influenced Him". Heathen Harvest. 30 June 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  74. ^ Walcroft, Justin (2 November 2016). "The Way Forward: An Interview With Electronic Music Pioneer Richard Pinhas". subrewind.com. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2017. Q: Who were your guitar influences?
    Richard Pinhas: [...] As a music composer, it would be Robert Fripp and King Crimson, yet I was more incensed by [Fripp & Eno's] Evening Star and the first one, No Pussyfooting. [...]
  75. ^ "Guitarist Interview with Nick Reinhart of Tera Melos". QRD. Silbermedia.com. August 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  76. ^ Schultz, Scott (9 September 2009). "IO ECHO: GOT ME A GUN FOR CHRISTMAS". L.A. Record. Retrieved 5 March 2017. Q: What is your favorite David Bowie period?
    Leopold Ross: Scary Monsters could rival Master of Puppets as my favorite album ever. What I like about that is that without a blueprint, it's just really weird music. Robert Fripp is an astonishingly good guitar player. Just doing the wierdest shit. You listen to the guitar in 'Fashion' and you're like, 'What the fuck is that?' He played on Scary Monsters, Low and I think Lodger as well. Low is one of my favorite albums ever.
  77. ^ "Five minutes with… Rustie". Fact. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
  78. ^ Schamus, James (Fall 1992). "THE SIMPLE LAWS OF FILMMAKING". Filmmaker. Retrieved 12 March 2017. Hal Hartley: I made a list of all the influences I could remember from the time I was 18 to the present. Here it goes: Robert Fripp and King Crimson [...]
  79. ^ DeRosa, Nicole (12 October 2015). "Q&A with Musician + Record Producer – SEAN BEAVAN – Talks "Death Valley", Working with MARILYN MANSON, TRENT REZNOR and More". music.allaccess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
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  85. ^ "Toyah Willcox: I've had a facelift... now I want a tummy tuck and my boobs removed because I can't bear them". Evening Standard. 12 June 2008.
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  87. ^ "Patricia Fripp & Associates: Experts in Presentation Skills". Fripp.com. 4 June 1912. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
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  90. ^ "Robert Fripp Was 'F—ing Furious' Over First Viral Video". Ultimate Classic Radio. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  91. ^ "MetalSucks' Top 25 Most Popular Stories of 2021". MetalSucks. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
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  107. ^ a b Lawsuit claims Grooveshark workers posted 100,000 pirated songs. Greg Sandoval, CNET, 21 November 2011
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References

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Robert Fripp.
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