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'''Windows 10''' is a [[personal computer]] [[operating system]] being developed by [[Microsoft]] as part of the [[Windows NT]] family of operating systems. Officially unveiled in September 2014 following a brief demo at [[Build (developer conference)|Build 2014]], the operating system is scheduled for general availability beginning on July 29, 2015.<ref name=release-date>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.windows.com/bloggingwindows/2015/06/01/hello-world-windows-10-available-on-july-29|title=Hello World: Windows 10 Available on July 29|work=windows.com|accessdate=June 1, 2015|date=June 1, 2015}}</ref> The main goal of Windows 10 is to culminate an effort to unify the Windows operating system across multiple Microsoft product families—including PCs, [[tablet computer|tablets]], [[Windows Phone|smartphones]], [[Windows Embedded|embedded systems]], and [[Xbox One]], as well as new products such as [[Surface Hub]] and [[HoloLens]]—allowing these products to share what Microsoft described as a "universal" application architecture and [[Windows Store]] ecosystem. Expanding upon the [[Windows Runtime]] platform introduced by [[Windows 8]], this architecture allows applications to be adapted for use between these platforms while sharing common code.
'''Windows 10''' is a [[personal computer]] [[operating system]] being developed by [[Microsoft]] as part of the [[Windows NT]] family of operating systems. Officially unveiled in September 2014 following a brief demo at [[Build (developer conference)|Build 2014]], the operating system is scheduled for general availability beginning on July 29, 2015.<ref name=release-date>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.windows.com/bloggingwindows/2015/06/01/hello-world-windows-10-available-on-july-29|title=Hello World: Windows 10 Available on July 29|work=windows.com|accessdate=June 1, 2015|date=June 1, 2015}}</ref> The main goal of Windows 10 is to culminate an effort to unify the Windows operating system across multiple Microsoft product families—including PCs, [[tablet computer|tablets]], [[Windows Phone|smartphones]], [[Windows Embedded|embedded systems]], and [[Xbox One]], as well as new products such as [[Surface Hub]] and [[HoloLens]]—allowing these products to share what Microsoft described as a "universal" application architecture and [[Windows Store]] ecosystem. Expanding upon the [[Windows Runtime]] platform introduced by [[Windows 8]], this architecture allows applications to be adapted for use between these platforms while sharing common code.


Windows 10 introduces revisions to the operating system's [[user interface]], including the addition of [[Start menu]] similar to [[Windows 7]] but incorporating Windows 8's "live tiles", a [[virtual desktop]] system, a notifications sidebar (replacing the charms bar on Windows 8/8.1), and the ability to adjust user interface behaviors based on available input devices—particularly on [[convertible laptop]]s and tablets with keyboard accessories. Windows 10 will provide integration with additional Microsoft services, including the [[intelligent personal assistant]] [[Cortana (voice assistant)|Cortana]], and [[Xbox Live]]. Windows 10 will also introduce a new default [[web browser]], [[Microsoft Edge]], as well as integrated support for [[Fingerprint recognition|fingerprint]] and [[face recognition]] login, and new versions of [[DirectX 12|DirectX]] and [[WDDM]] to improve the operating system's graphics capabilities for [[video games|games]].
Windows 10 introduces revisions to the operating system's [[user interface]], including the addition of [[Start menu]] similar to [[Windows 7]] but incorporating Windows 8's "live tiles", a [[virtual desktop]] system, a notifications sidebar (replacing the charms bar on Windows 8/8.1), and the ability to adjust user interface behaviors based on available input devices—particularly on [[convertible laptop]]s and tablets with keyboard accessories. Windows 10 will provide integration with additional Microsoft services, including the [[intelligent personal assistant]] [[Microsoft Cortana|Cortana]], and [[Xbox Live]]. Windows 10 will also introduce a new default [[web browser]], [[Microsoft Edge]], as well as integrated support for [[Fingerprint recognition|fingerprint]] and [[face recognition]] login, and new versions of [[DirectX 12|DirectX]] and [[WDDM]] to improve the operating system's graphics capabilities for [[video games|games]].


Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows 10 will adopt a tiered approach to updates that Microsoft has described as a "[[Software as a service|service]]", and receive new features at no charge for the "supported lifetime" of the device it is installed on. The Home and Pro editions will automatically receive all non-critical updates as they are released without the possibility of declining them, in addition to automatic driver updates. Unlike Home, Pro will be able to defer updates for a limited time, but not ignore them completely. Enterprise editions will be capable of using periodic, long-term support milestones to ensure stability, while the [[Windows Insider]] program enables [[beta testing]] of future updates. To encourage its adoption, Microsoft announced that during its first year of availability, Windows 10 would be made available free of charge to users of [[Windows Genuine Advantage|genuine]] copies of eligible editions of [[Windows 7]] or [[Windows 8.1]].
Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows 10 will adopt a tiered approach to updates that Microsoft has described as a "[[Software as a service|service]]", and receive new features at no charge for the "supported lifetime" of the device it is installed on. The Home and Pro editions will automatically receive all non-critical updates as they are released without the possibility of declining them, in addition to automatic driver updates. Unlike Home, Pro will be able to defer updates for a limited time, but not ignore them completely. Enterprise editions will be capable of using periodic, long-term support milestones to ensure stability, while the [[Windows Insider]] program enables [[beta testing]] of future updates. To encourage its adoption, Microsoft announced that during its first year of availability, Windows 10 would be made available free of charge to users of [[Windows Genuine Advantage|genuine]] copies of eligible editions of [[Windows 7]] or [[Windows 8.1]].

Revision as of 03:05, 29 July 2015

"Windows 9" redirects here. For the series of Microsoft Windows computer operating systems produced from 1995 to 2000, see Windows 9x.
This article is about the desktop version of Windows 10. For Windows 10 on smartphones and sub 8″ tablets, see Windows 10 Mobile.
Not to be confused with Windows 1.0.
Windows 10
Version of the Windows NT operating system
File:Windows 10 build 10240 (RTM).png
Screenshot of Windows 10, Showing the Start Menu and Action Center
DeveloperMicrosoft
Released to
manufacturing		July 15, 2015; 9 years ago (2015-07-15)
General
availability		July 29, 2015; 9 years ago (2015-07-29)
Latest release10 RTM (v10.0.10240)
Latest preview
Release Preview Channel

22H2 (10.0.19045.5073) (October 22, 2024; 19 days ago (2024-10-22)[1][2]) [±]

Beta Channel
22H2 (10.0.19045.5073) (October 22, 2024; 19 days ago (2024-10-22)[1]) [±]
Update methodWindows Update, Windows Store, Windows Server Update Services
PlatformsIA-32, x64, ARMv7
Kernel typeHybrid (Windows NT)
Preceded byWindows 8.1 (2013)
Official websitewww.microsoft.com/windows
Support status
  • Mainstream support until October 13, 2020,
    conditions apply
  • Extended support until October 14, 2025[3]

Windows 10 is a personal computer operating system being developed by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. Officially unveiled in September 2014 following a brief demo at Build 2014, the operating system is scheduled for general availability beginning on July 29, 2015.[4] The main goal of Windows 10 is to culminate an effort to unify the Windows operating system across multiple Microsoft product families—including PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, and Xbox One, as well as new products such as Surface Hub and HoloLens—allowing these products to share what Microsoft described as a "universal" application architecture and Windows Store ecosystem. Expanding upon the Windows Runtime platform introduced by Windows 8, this architecture allows applications to be adapted for use between these platforms while sharing common code.

Windows 10 introduces revisions to the operating system's user interface, including the addition of Start menu similar to Windows 7 but incorporating Windows 8's "live tiles", a virtual desktop system, a notifications sidebar (replacing the charms bar on Windows 8/8.1), and the ability to adjust user interface behaviors based on available input devices—particularly on convertible laptops and tablets with keyboard accessories. Windows 10 will provide integration with additional Microsoft services, including the intelligent personal assistant Cortana, and Xbox Live. Windows 10 will also introduce a new default web browser, Microsoft Edge, as well as integrated support for fingerprint and face recognition login, and new versions of DirectX and WDDM to improve the operating system's graphics capabilities for games.

Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows 10 will adopt a tiered approach to updates that Microsoft has described as a "service", and receive new features at no charge for the "supported lifetime" of the device it is installed on. The Home and Pro editions will automatically receive all non-critical updates as they are released without the possibility of declining them, in addition to automatic driver updates. Unlike Home, Pro will be able to defer updates for a limited time, but not ignore them completely. Enterprise editions will be capable of using periodic, long-term support milestones to ensure stability, while the Windows Insider program enables beta testing of future updates. To encourage its adoption, Microsoft announced that during its first year of availability, Windows 10 would be made available free of charge to users of genuine copies of eligible editions of Windows 7 or Windows 8.1.

Development

At the Microsoft Worldwide Partner Conference in 2011, Andrew Lees, then chief of Microsoft's mobile technologies, stated that the company intended to have a single ecosystem for PCs, phones, tablets, and other devices. "We won’t have an ecosystem for PCs, and one for phones, and one for tablets—they’ll all come together."[5][6]

In December 2013, technology writer Mary Jo Foley reported that Microsoft was working on an update to Windows 8 codenamed Threshold, after a planet in Microsoft's Halo franchise.[7] Similarly to "Blue" (which became Windows 8.1),[8] Foley called Threshold a "wave of operating systems" across multiple Microsoft platforms and services, scheduled for the second quarter of 2015. Foley reported that among the goals for Threshold was to create a unified application platform and development toolkit for Windows, Windows Phone and Xbox One (which all use a similar Windows NT kernel).[7][9] It was speculated that Threshold would be branded as "Windows 9".[10]

In April 2014, at the Build Conference, Microsoft's Terry Myerson unveiled an updated version of Windows 8.1 that added the ability to run Windows Store apps inside desktop windows and a more traditional Start menu in place of the Start screen seen in Windows 8. The new Start menu takes after Windows 7's design by using only a portion of the screen and including a Windows 7-style application listing in the first column. The second column displays Windows 8-style app tiles. Myerson stated that these changes would occur in a future update, but did not elaborate.[11][12] Microsoft also unveiled the concept of a "universal Windows app," allowing Windows Store apps created for Windows 8.1 to be ported to Windows Phone 8.1 and Xbox One while sharing a common codebase, with an interface designed for different device form factors, and allowing user data and licenses for an app to be shared between multiple platforms. Windows Phone 8.1 would share nearly 90% of the common Windows Runtime APIs with Windows 8.1 on PCs.[11][13][14][15]

In July 2014, Microsoft's new CEO Satya Nadella explained that the company was planning to "streamline the next version of Windows from three operating systems into one single converged operating system for screens of all sizes," unifying Windows, Windows Phone, and Windows Embedded around a common architecture and a unified application ecosystem. However, Nadella stated that these internal changes would not have any effect on how the operating systems are marketed and sold.[16][17] Screenshots of a Windows build which purported to be Threshold were leaked in July 2014, showing the previously presented Start menu and windowed Windows Store apps[9] followed by further screenshot in September 2014 of a build identifying itself as "Windows Technical Preview", numbered 9834, showing a new virtual desktop system, a notification center, and a new File Explorer icon.[18]

Announcement

Threshold was officially unveiled during a media event on September 30, 2014, under the name Windows 10; Myerson said that Windows 10 would be Microsoft's "most comprehensive platform ever," providing a single, unified platform for desktop computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and all-in-one devices.[10][19][20] He emphasized that Windows 10 would take steps towards restoring user interface mechanics from Windows 7 to improve the experience for users on non-touch devices, noting criticism of Windows 8's touch-oriented interface by keyboard and mouse users.[21][22] Despite these concessions, Myerson noted that the touch-oriented interface would "evolve" as well on 10.[23] In describing the changes, Joe Belfiore likened the two operating systems to electric cars, comparing Windows 7 to a first-generation Toyota Prius hybrid, and Windows 10 to an all-electric Tesla—considering the latter to be an extension of the technology first introduced in the former.[24]

Microsoft has not clarified the reasoning for naming the new operating system Windows 10 instead of Windows 9; however, Terry Myerson has stated that "based on the product that's coming, and just how different our approach will be overall, it wouldn't be right to call it Windows 9." He also joked that they couldn't call it "Windows One" (alluding to several recent Microsoft products with a similar brand, such as OneNote, Xbox One and OneDrive) because they had already made a Windows 1.[10]

Further details surrounding Windows 10's consumer-oriented features were presented during another media event held on January 21, 2015, entitled "Windows 10: The Next Chapter". The keynote featured the unveiling of Cortana integration within the operating system, new Xbox-oriented features, Windows 10 for phones and small tablets, an updated Office Mobile suite, Surface Hub—a large-screened Windows 10 device for enterprise collaboration based upon Perceptive Pixel technology,[25] along with HoloLens—augmented reality eyewear and an associated platform for building apps that can render "holograms" through HoloLens.[26]

Release

On June 1, 2015, Microsoft first promoted that Windows 10 would be released on July 29, 2015.[4] Microsoft began an advertising campaign centring around Windows 10, "Upgrade Your World", on July 20, 2015 with the premiere of television commercials in Australia, France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The commercials focused on the tagline "A more human way to do", emphasizing new features and technologies supported by Windows 10 that sought to provide a more "personal" experience to users.[27][28] The campaign will culminate with launch events in thirteen cities on July 29, which will "celebrate the unprecedented role our biggest fans played in the development of Windows 10".[29]

Features

A major aspect of Windows 10 is a focus on harmonizing user experiences and functionality between different classes of devices, along with addressing shortcomings in the Windows user interface that were introduced in Windows 8.[21][22][30] Continuing with this pattern, the successor to Windows Phone 8.1 unveiled at the same event is also branded as Windows 10, and will share some user interface elements and apps with its PC counterpart.[31]

The Windows Store app ecosystem has been revised into "Windows apps".[13][32] They are made to run across multiple platforms and device classes, including smartphones, tablets, Xbox One consoles, and other compatible Windows 10 devices. Windows apps share code across platforms, have responsive designs that adapt to the needs of the device and available inputs, can synchronize data between Windows 10 devices (including notifications, credentials, and allowing cross-platform multiplayer for games), and will be distributed through a unified Windows Store. Developers can allow "cross-buys", where purchased licenses for an app apply to all of the user's compatible devices, rather than only the one they purchased on (i.e. a user purchasing an app on PC is also entitled to use the smartphone version at no extra cost).[14][33][34]

Windows 10 will also allow web apps and desktop software (using either Win32 or .NET Framework) to be packaged for distribution on the Windows Store. Desktop software distributed through Windows Store will be packaged using the App-V system to allow sandboxing.[35][36]

User interface and desktop

The "Task View" display is a new feature to Windows 10, allowing the use of multiple workspaces.

A new iteration of the Start menu is used on the Windows 10 desktop, with a list of applications and other options on the left side, and live tiles on the right. The menu can be resized, and expanded into a full-screen display, which is the default option in touch environments.[21][30][37] A new virtual desktop system known as Task View was added. Clicking the Task View button on the taskbar or swiping from the left side of the screen displays all open windows and allows users to switch between them, or switch between multiple workspaces.[21][30] Windows Store apps, which previously could be used only in full screen mode, can now be used in self-contained windows similarly to other programs.[21][30] Program windows can now be snapped to quadrants of the screen by dragging them to the corner. When a window is snapped to one side of the screen, the user is prompted to choose a second window to fill the unused side of the screen (called "Snap Assist").[30] Windows' system icons were also changed to a new, minimalist design.[37]

Charms have been removed; their functionality in Windows Store apps is accessed from an "App commands" menu on their titlebar.[21][30] In its place is Action Center, which displays notifications and settings toggles. It is accessed by clicking an icon in the system tray, or dragging from the right of the screen. Notifications can be synced between multiple devices.[31][37] The Settings app (formerly PC Settings) has been refreshed and now includes more options that were previously exclusive to the desktop Control Panel.[38][39]

Windows 10 is designed to adapt its user interface based on the type of device being used and available input methods. It offers two separate user interface modes: a user interface optimized for mouse and keyboard, and a "tablet mode" designed for touchscreens. Users can toggle between these two modes at any time, and Windows can prompt or automatically switch when certain events occur, such as disabling tablet mode on a tablet if a keyboard or mouse is plugged in or a convertible tablet is being used in its a laptop state. In tablet mode, universal apps default to full screen mode, and the taskbar remains visible (unless set to auto-hide), but now contains a back button for use in apps and defaults to a "lightweight" mode that does not display opened programs. The full screen Start menu is used in this state, similarly to Windows 8, but scrolls vertically instead of horizontally.[40][41][22][42]

System and security

Windows 10 will incorporate multi-factor authentication technology based upon standards developed by the FIDO Alliance.[43] The operating system includes improved support for biometric authentication through the "Windows Hello" and "Passport" platforms; devices with supported cameras (requiring infrared illumination, such as Intel RealSense) will allow users to login with face- or iris-recognition, similarly to Kinect. Devices with supported readers will support fingerprint-recognition login. Credentials are stored locally and protected using asymmetric encryption. The "Passport" platform will allow networks, software and websites to authenticate users using either a PIN or biometric login to verify their identity, without sending a password.[44]

The enterprise version of Windows 10 offers additional security features; administrators can set up policies for the automatic encryption of sensitive data, and selectively block applications from accessing encrypted data. Windows 10 also offers "Device Guard", a system which allows administrators to enforce a high security environment by blocking the execution of software that is not digitally signed by a trusted vendor or Microsoft, with a particular focus on blocking zero-day exploits. Device Guard runs inside a hypervisor, so that its operation remains separated from the operating system itself.[43][45]

To reduce the storage footprint of the operating system, Windows 10 will automatically compress system files. The system can reduce the storage footprint of Windows by approximately 1.5 GB for 32-bit systems and 2.6 GB for 64-bit systems. The level of compression used will be dependent on a performance assessment performed during installations or by OEMs, which will test how much compression can be used without harming operating system performance. Furthermore, the Refresh and Reset functions will use runtime system files instead, making a separate recovery partition redundant, allowing patches and updates to remain installed following the operation, and further reducing the amount of space required for Windows 10 by up to 12 GB. These functions replace the "WIMBoot" mode introduced on Windows 8.1 Update, which allowed OEMs to configure low-capacity devices with flash-based storage to use Windows system files out of the compressed WIM image typically used for installation and recovery.[46][47][48] Windows 10 also includes a related function in its Settings app known as "Storage Sense", which allows users to view a breakdown of how their device's storage capacity is being used by different types of files, and determine whether certain types of files are saved to internal storage or an SD card by default.[49]

Online services and functionality

Windows 10 introduces a new default web browser, Microsoft Edge.[50] It features a new standards-compliant rendering engine forked from Trident, annotation tools, and offers integration with other Microsoft platforms present within Windows 10.[51][52] Internet Explorer 11 will be maintained on Windows 10 for compatibility purposes, and is deprecated in favor of Edge.[53][54]

Windows 10 incorporates Microsoft's intelligent personal assistant, Cortana, which was first introduced with Windows Phone 8.1 in 2014. Cortana will replace Windows' embedded search feature, supporting both text and voice input. Many of its features are a direct carryover from Windows Phone, including integration with Bing, setting reminders, a "Notebook" feature for managing personal information, as well as searching for files, playing music, launching applications and setting reminders or sending emails.[55][56] Cortana is implemented as a universal search box located alongside the Start and Task View buttons, which can be hidden or condensed to a single button.[37]

Windows 10 will also offer the Wi-Fi Sense feature originating from Windows Phone 8.1; users can optionally have their device automatically connect to "suggested" open hotspots, and share their own network's password with contacts (either via Skype, People, or Facebook) so they may automatically connect to it on a Windows 10 device without needing to enter the network's password. Credentials are stored in an encrypted form on Microsoft servers, and sent to the devices of the selected contacts in this form.[57]

Multimedia and gaming

Windows 10 will provide heavier integration with the Xbox ecosystem: an updated Xbox app allows users to browse their game library (including both PC and Xbox console games), and Game DVR is also available using a keyboard shortcut, allowing users to save the last 30 seconds of gameplay as a video that can be shared to Xbox Live, OneDrive, or elsewhere.[58][59] Windows 10 will also allow users to control and play games from an Xbox One console over a local network.[60] An Xbox Live SDK will allow application developers to incorporate Xbox Live functionality into their apps, and future wireless Xbox One accessories (such as controllers) will be supported on Windows with an adapter.[61] Microsoft Solitaire Collection is included in Windows 10. Candy Crush Saga is also being developed for Windows 10, and will be released as an automatic download for Windows 10 users in 2015.[62]

Windows 10 adds FLAC and HEVC codecs and support for the Matroska media container, allowing these formats to be opened in Windows Media Player and other applications.[63][64][65]

DirectX 12

Windows 10 will include DirectX 12 alongside WDDM 2.0.[66][67] Unveiled March 2014 at GDC, DirectX 12 aims to provide "console-level efficiency" with "closer to the metal" access to hardware resources, and reduced CPU and graphics driver overhead.[68][69] Most of the performance improvements will be achieved through low-level programming which can reduce single-threaded CPU bottlenecking caused by abstraction through higher level APIs. The performance gains achieved by allowing developers direct access to GPU resources is similar to other low-level rendering initiatives such as AMD's Mantle, Apple's Metal API or the OpenGL successor, Vulkan.[70][71] WDDM 2.0 introduces a new virtual memory management and allocation system to reduce workload on the kernel-mode driver.[66][72]

Removed features

Windows Media Center has been discontinued, and will be uninstalled when upgrading from a previous version of Windows.[73] Drivers for USB floppy drives are no longer integrated and must be downloaded separately.[74]

The OneDrive built-in sync client, which was introduced in Windows 8.1, no longer supports offline placeholders in Windows 10.[75][76] Functionality to view offline files is expected to be added sometime in the future in a new Windows app.[77]

Users are no longer able to synchronize Start menu layouts across all devices associated with a Microsoft account. A Microsoft developer justified the change by explaining that a user may have different applications they want to emphasize on each device that they use, rather than use the same configuration across each device. The ability to automatically install a Windows Store app across all devices associated with an account was also removed.[78]

The option to select various methods for downloading Windows Updates (or ignoring them completely) has been removed. Windows 10 Pro and Enterprise users (if configured by the administrator) may defer updates, but only for a limited time.[79] Users consent to the automatic installation of all updates per the end-user license agreement.[80]

Editions and pricing

Main article: Windows 10 editions

Windows 10 will be available in four main editions on PC devices; Windows 10 Home has the smallest feature set. Windows 10 Pro contains additional features. Windows 10 Enterprise contains additional features aimed towards business environments, and is only available through volume licensing. Windows 10 Education is a re-branded version of Enterprise for Microsoft's academic licensing program.[81][82]

An updated version of Microsoft's Windows Phone operating system for smartphones will also be released to accompany Windows 10. Due to Microsoft's unification strategy and its support for tablets, this operating system is branded as Windows 10 Mobile and is marketed as an edition of Windows 10, rather than as a separate product line.[83] Editions of Enterprise and Mobile will also be produced for embedded systems, along with Windows 10 IoT Core, which is designed specifically for use in small footprint, low-cost devices and Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios and will be similar to Windows Embedded.[81][82]

Preview releases

See also: Windows Insider

A public beta program for Windows 10 known as the Windows Insider Program (previously Windows Technical Preview) began with the first publicly available preview release on October 1, 2014. Insider preview builds are aimed towards enthusiasts and enterprise users for the testing and evaluation of updates and new features.[84] Users of the Windows Insider program receive occasional updates to newer preview builds of the operating system and will continue to be able to evaluate preview releases after general availability (GA) in July 2015 - this is in contrast to previous Windows beta programs, where public preview builds were released less frequently and only during the months preceding GA.[21][23][85][86][87]

Windows Insider builds will continue to be released following the RTM of Windows 10.[88][89]

Public release

Microsoft promoted that Windows 10 would become generally available (GA) on July 29, 2015. In comparison to previous Windows releases, which had a longer turnover between the release to manufacturing and general release to allow for testing by vendors (and in some cases, the development of "upgrade kits" to prepare systems for installation of the new version), an HP executive explained that the company was able to optimize its products for Windows 10 in advance of its release, negating the need for such a milestone.[90]

As such, a Microsoft official stated that there is no specific RTM build of Windows 10, although the near-final build 10240, released on July 15, 2015 to Windows Insider channels, has been referred to as a de facto RTM build by media outlets due to the nature of its release, the removal of the desktop "watermark" text present on pre-release builds, and its number having mathematical connections to the number 10 in reference to the operating system's naming.[91][92][93][94][95]

Users will be able to upgrade through Windows Update from Windows 7 or Windows 8; this process requires installation of Windows 7 Service Pack 1 or Windows 8.1, and prerequisite updates.[96] Windows 10 will be available in 190 countries and 111 languages upon launch, and as part of efforts to "re-engage" with users in China, Microsoft also announced that it would partner with Qihoo and Tencent to help promote and distribute Windows 10 in China, and that Chinese PC maker Lenovo would provide assistance at its service centers and retail outlets for helping users upgrade to Windows 10.[97][98][99]

At retail, Windows 10 will be priced similarly to editions of Windows 8. A Windows 10 Pro Pack license will allow upgrades from Windows 10 Home to Windows 10 Pro.[100][101] Retail copies will ship on USB flash drive media or DVD-ROM media.[102] New computers and devices running Windows 10 will also be released during the operating system's launch window.[103]

Windows RT devices, which run on ARM architecture, will receive a separate update with "some" of the changes of Windows 10 in the future, as such, Microsoft does not officially consider these devices to be directly compatible with Windows 10.[96][104] On February 2, 2015, Microsoft announced that it would provide a free ARM port of Windows 10 for Raspberry Pi 2 devices through its Internet of Things developer program.[105]

Upgrade and support

Update and support system

Windows 10 will be serviced in a significantly different manner from previous releases of Windows. While Microsoft began to distribute a larger number of updates for Windows 8 that added features (such as interface improvements) beyond security patches and bug fixes, Windows 10 will adopt a tiered approach: users receive critical updates, security patches and non-critical updates to the operating system and its functionality as they are released. Terry Myerson explained that with these changes, Microsoft thought of Windows 10 as a "service" that would be continually updated after its release, and that "the question 'what version of Windows are you running' will cease to make sense."[106][107][108]

On Windows 10 Enterprise,[82] administrators can choose between "Current Branch for Business" (CBB) and long-term support release channels. CBB will receive feature updates on a roughly four-month delay from their CB release[109] and allow administrators to delay non-critical updates to ensure they are suitable for their environment. LTSB versions of Windows 10 are periodic snapshots of Windows 10's CBB branch, and will receive only critical patches over their 10-year support lifecycle. Systems can also be placed one or two versions behind the most recent LTSB version to allow for structured deployments and internal lifecycles.[106][110][111] Microsoft director Stella Chernyak explained that "we have businesses [that] may have mission-critical environments where we respect the fact they want to test and stabilize the environment for a long time."[112]

Windows 10 Home is permanently set to download and install updates automatically. Only Pro and Enterprise editions of Windows 10 may defer updates.[74] CBB may defer feature updates for up to eight months, after which the update must be installed in order to maintain support.[109]

Windows support and update branches[106][113][114][115]
Update branch Windows Insider Preview Branch
(WIPB)
Beta software 		Current Branch
(CB)
"Consumer grade" 		Current Branch for Business
(CBB)
"Business ready" 		Long Term Servicing Branch
(LTSB)
"Mission critical"
Edition Windows 10 Education  
Windows 10 Enterprise
Windows 10 Home  
Windows 10 Pro  
Critical updates
Security patches and stability updates 		Continuous as made available
(choice of slow or fast ring) 		Automatic Automatic Defer indefinitely
Feature upgrades
Non-critical functionality and feature updates 		Automatic or defer Only through LTSB in-place upgrades
Feature upgrades cadence Continuous as released Progressively after WIPB evaluation ~4 months after CB evaluation or
defer for an additional ~8 months 		With LTSB releases which are stable 'snapshots' of CBB
Upgrade support Continuous updating Continuous updating or in-place upgrade to supported LTSB versions In-place upgrade support for the 3 most recent LTSB versions
Update support 10 years or
Until device is incapable of installing future updates.[116] 		10 years or
~8 months from deferring feature upgrade or when device is incapable of installing future updates 		5 years mainstream + 5 years extended
Update methods Windows Update Windows Update
Windows Update for Business
Windows Server Update Services 		Windows Update for Business
Windows Server Update Services

As per lifecycle policies, "Windows 10, released in July 2015" will receive mainstream support for five years after its original release, followed by five years of extended support, but this is subject to conditions. Microsoft's support lifecycle policy for the OS notes that "Updates are cumulative, with each update built upon all of the updates that preceded it", that "a device needs to install the latest update to remain supported", and that a device's ability to receive future updates will depend on hardware compatibility, driver availability, and whether the device is within the OEM's "support period"—a new aspect not accounted for in lifecycle policies for previous versions.[116][109] Microsoft initially stated that Windows 10 would freely receive updates for the "supported lifetime of the device."[106] To comply with U.S. accounting laws, revenue for Windows 10 will be deferred "on a straight-line basis over the estimated period the software upgrades are expected to be provided by estimated device life", defined as two to four years depending on "customer type."[117]

Free upgrade

During the first year of availability, upgrade licenses for Windows 10 will be available at no charge to those who own a genuine copy of an eligible edition of Windows 7 or Windows 8.1.[101][118][106] Customers of Windows 7 or 8.1 Enterprise under an active Software Assurance (SA) contract with Microsoft are entitled to obtain Windows 10 Enterprise under their existing terms, as with previous versions of Windows. Enterprise customers whose SA agreement is expired or are under a volume license that does not have upgrade rights, all users running non-genuine copies of Windows, and those without an existing Windows 7 or 8 license, are not entitled to freely upgrade to Windows 10; upgrading from a non-genuine version is possible, but will result in a non-genuine copy of 10.[97][106][119][120][88]

The Windows Insider Preview version of Windows 10 will automatically update itself to the RTM version and future builds, as it had throughout the testing process. It will only remain activated and considered genuine if the user continues opting into automatic updates to beta builds; if the user opts-out to stable builds, they must have a valid license for Windows 7, 8, or 10 to continue using the operating system. The license can be carried over from an in-place upgrade to 10 Insider Preview from Windows 7 or 8. Microsoft has explicitly stated that joining Windows Insider is not a valid upgrade path for those running Windows XP or Windows Vista.[88][89]

On June 1, 2015, via software downloaded in update KB3035583,[121] Windows 7 and 8.1 devices running eligible editions of the operating system, and deemed compatible with Windows 10, began to display a system tray icon with a link to a program that advertises Windows 10 and the free upgrade offer, checks for device compatibility, and allows users to "reserve" an automatic download of the operating system upon its release.[122] Windows 10 will not immediately be available to download by all users on July 29, 2015; distribution of the final version will be prioritized to Windows Insider members to allow for optimization and patching on the build before a wider roll-out to those who pre-registered.[103]

Upgrade compatibility

The following in-place upgrade paths are supported from Windows 7 and Windows 8.1. Note that it is possible only to upgrade from a 32-bit version of Windows 7 or 8.1 to a 32-bit version of Windows 10; a 64-bit version of Windows 7 or 8.1 can be upgraded only to an 64-bit version of Windows 10. There is no direct upgrade path from Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 8, or Windows RT.

Windows 10 upgrade paths
7 Starter 7 Home Basic 7 Home Premium 8.1 8.1 with Bing 7 Professional 7 Ultimate 8.1 Pro XP Vista 7 Enterprise 8 8 Pro 8 Enterprise 8.1 Enterprise RT RT 8.1
Edition Home Pro None

Version history

  Expired   Previous   Preview

Table of versions: Windows 10
Version Release date(s) Highlights

6.4.9841
[123]

October 1, 2014
  • New "experimental" options, including word wrap and Control key keyboard shortcuts (such as pasting text using Ctrl+V) in console windows such as Command Prompt, and a revised fullscreen mode usable on both the 32 and 64-bit versions at a native resolution with mouse support and a scroll bar[21][23][124]
  • Reintroduction of a Windows 7 style Start menu
  • Snap windows to quadrants of the screen by dragging them to a corner[21]
  • Task View (virtual desktops)
  • Traditional calculator app is not present in a clean install, but it is kept when doing an upgrade
  • Windows Store apps can run on the desktop in windows, rather than only full screen[125][126]

6.4.9860
[127]

October 21, 2014

6.4.9879
[129]

Fast ring:
November 12, 2014

Slow ring:
November 25, 2014

10.0.9926
[133]

Both rings:
January 23, 2015
  • Alarm app including world clock, timer and stop watch[134]
  • Cortana support for U.S. English locale
  • Calculator app replacing the traditional Win32 calculator
  • Full screen button added to Start menu[37]
  • Maps app with Cortana integration[135] and ability to save maps for offline use[136]
  • Photos app with aggregated content and automatic enhancements[31]
  • Restyled window frames
  • Settings app updated with new layout[39]
  • Taskbar re-styled with new opaque appearance, smaller application icons, and underlines to denote active applications[38]
  • Taskbar search button changed to a search box by default
  • New Xbox app[58]
  • DirectX 12 has been added, but can't be used yet

10.0.10041
[137]

Fast ring:
March 18, 2015

Slow ring:
March 24, 2015

  • Cortana support added for China, France, Germany, Italy, Spain & United Kingdom
  • Handwriting input canvas optimizations for short text entries
  • Insider Hub, Photos and Windows Feedback apps have been updated
  • Lock screen changes with "did you know" backgrounds to help users with Windows 10
  • Network connections as a fly-out from the taskbar instead of through the Settings app
  • Open applications do not appear on the taskbar across all virtual desktops by default, and can be moved across desktops
  • Print to PDFs
  • Start button is smaller and has a new hover animation
  • Start menu functionality changes and transparency

10.0.10049
[138]

Fast ring:
March 30, 2015
  • Alarms & Clocks, Calculator and Voice recorder have been updated with new interfaces
  • Preview debut of Microsoft Edge web browser[139]
  • Bio Enrollment is also added, although its purpose is still not known and the app is not accessible[140]

10.0.10061
[141]

Fast ring:
April 22, 2015
  • Mail, Calendar, MSN Weather, MSN Money, and other apps have been updated with new interfaces and improved performance
  • Preview versions of the Music and Video apps are included along with their Windows 8 counterparts
  • New black system theme across the Start menu, Taskbar and Action Center
  • The Start menu, the Taskbar, the Action Center, and preview windows now have an option for transparency
  • The Start menu is resizable
  • Entering Tablet Mode now causes the Start button, Cortana, and the Task View buttons to all grow in size and space out to be more touchable
  • New setting to boot direct into Tablet Mode. For tablets under 10 inches, this is the default behavior
  • New refined Windows icons, close buttons, and thumbnails
  • Microsoft Solitaire Collection is included with this build[142]

10.0.10074
[143]

Both rings:
April 29, 2015
  • Cortana has been integrated with the Start menu
  • Enhancements to Live Tiles, including new animations and the option to disable the Live Tile
  • Improved UI for the Start menu, some users see a blurred background
  • New sounds for multiple actions
  • Personalization options have been moved to the Settings app and other improvements to the app

10.0.10122
[144]

Fast ring:
May 20, 2015
  • New Tab page for Microsoft Edge
  • Moved File Explorer and Settings in the Start Menu to the bottom, near Power
  • Ability to toggle between Start menu and Start screen has been moved to the new Start settings page under Personalization settings
  • Changes to how Windows 10 handles default apps
  • People, MSN Weather, MSN Money, Insider Hub, and other apps have been updated with new interfaces and improved performance

10.0.10130
[145]

Fast ring:
May 29, 2015

Slow ring:
June 12, 2015[146]

  • Can customize Start experience by opening the Settings app > Personalization > Start
  • New Icon design
  • New UI for Jump Lists
  • Continuum Improvements
  • Improvements to Microsoft Edge (still named Project Spartan in this build)
  • Playback improvements with the Movies & TV app
  • Can launch Cortana’s speech recognition using Win key + C

10.0.10158
[147]

Fast ring:
June 29, 2015
  • Microsoft Edge branding
  • New Microsoft Edge features
  • UX improvements and refinements
  • Cortana updates and integration
  • Updated Photos app
  • Snipping Tool can be used on a timer
  • Insider Hub no longer preinstalled
  • Windows Photo Viewer can no longer open various picture formats in favour of the Photos app.

10.0.10159
[148]

Fast ring:
June 30, 2015
  • Final Windows 10 hero desktop image
  • Redesigned login screen
  • "Over 300 Fixes"

10.0.10162
[149]

Fast ring:
July 2, 2015

Slow ring:
July 6, 2015

  • Better reliability
  • Better performance
  • Better battery life
  • Better compatibility
  • Pop-up help on how to use Tablet Mode

10.0.10166
[150]

Fast ring:
July 9, 2015
  • Bug fixes
  • Buy Wi-Fi from Windows Store (in Seattle, WA only)
  • Localhost loopback is now enabled by default in Microsoft Edge[151]

10.0.10240
[152]

Both rings:
July 15, 2015
  • RTM Build
  • Additional bug fixes
  • Watermark has been removed
  • Microsoft Edge performance improvements[153]

System requirements

The basic hardware requirements to install Windows 10 are the same as for Windows 8.1. Devices running a compressed operating system (including some 32 GB devices and all 16 GB devices) or PCs using older 64-bit CPUs may not be supported.[154][155]

Hardware requirements for Windows 10[118]
Component Minimum Recommended
Processor 1 GHz clock rate
IA-32 or x64 architecture
Support for PAE, NX and SSE2[156][157] 		x64 architecture with support for CMPXCHG16b, PrefetchW and LAHF/SAHF
Memory (RAM) IA-32 edition: 1 GB
x64 edition: 2 GB 		4 GB
Graphics card DirectX 9 graphics device
WDDM 1.0 or higher driver 		WDDM 1.3 or higher driver
Display screen 800×600 pixels 1024×768 pixels
Input device Keyboard and mouse Multi-touch display
Ctrl, Alt and Windows keys or their other hardware equivalents
Hard disk space IA-32 edition: 16 GB
x64 edition: 20 GB 		—
Additional requirements for optional functionality
Requirement Its purpose is for...
Microsoft account Ability to download apps from Windows Store, and to participate in the Insider program.
Second Level Address Translation (SLAT) Client Hyper-V
UEFI v2.3.1 Errata B with Microsoft Windows Certification Authority in its database Secure Boot
Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2.0 BitLocker, device encryption
Illuminated infrared camera Windows Hello
Microphone Speech recognition
Fingerprint reader Biometric authentication
InstantGo Device encryption
Wi-Fi adapter that supports Wi-Fi Direct Miracast

Certified tablets must include Power, Volume up, and Volume down keys; ⊞ Win and Rotation lock keys are no longer required.[158] As with Windows 8, all certified devices must ship with UEFI Secure Boot enabled by default. Unlike Windows 8, OEMs are no longer required to make Secure Boot settings user-configurable, meaning that devices may optionally be locked to run only Microsoft-signed operating systems.[159] A supported infrared-illuminated camera is required for Windows Hello face authentication.[160] Device Guard requires a UEFI system with no third-party certificates loaded, and CPU virtualization extensions (including SLAT and IOMMU) enabled in firmware.[160]

Reception

The Verge gave the operating system 8.8 out of 10.[161]

See also

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