April 22
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Template:Linked-title is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). There are 253 days remaining.
Events
- 1500 - Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil.
- 1509 - Henry VIII ascends the throne of England after the death of his father.
- 1529 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal along a line 297.5 leagues or 17° east of the Moluccas.
- 1836 - Texas Revolution: A day after the Battle of San Jacinto forces under Texas General Sam Houston capture Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.
- 1863 - American Civil War: Grierson's Raid begins – troops under Union Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi.
- 1864 - The U.S. Congress passes the Coinage Act which mandates that the inscription "In God We Trust" be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.
- 1876 - The National League of Baseball plays its first game, establishing the template for the modern game.
- 1889 - At high noon, thousands rush to claim land in the Land Run of 1889. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City and Guthrie are formed with populations of at least 10,000.
- 1898 - Spanish-American War: The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports and the USS Nashville captures a Spanish merchant ship.
- 1912 - Pravda, the "voice" of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, begins publications in Saint Petersburg.
- 1915 - The use of poison gas in World War I escalates when chlorine gas is released as a chemical weapon in the Second Battle of Ypres.
- 1930 - The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding.
- 1944 - World War II: Operation Persecution initiated – Allied forces land in the Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura) area of New Guinea.
- 1945 - World War II: After learning that Soviet forces have taken Eberswalde without a fight, Adolf Hitler admits defeat in his underground bunker and states that suicide is his only recourse.
- 1946 - The first installment of the popular Japanese comic strip, Sazae-san, is published in the Fukunichi Shimbun.
- 1954 - Red Scare: Army-McCarthy Hearings begin.
- 1964 - The 1964-1965 New York World's Fair opens for its first season.
- 1970 - First Earth Day celebrated.
- 1971 - John Kerry, dressed in combat fatigues, testifies on his views of the Vietnam War before the United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee
- 1972 - Vietnam War: Increased American bombing in Vietnam prompts antiwar protests in New York City, San Francisco, and Los Angeles.
- 1975 - Barbara Walters signs a five-year $5 million contract with the American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), becoming the highest paid television newsperson.
- 1978 - One Love Peace Concert held at National Heroes Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica. Bob Marley united the two opposing political leaders at this concert bringing peace to the civil war ridden streets of Kingston, Jamaica.
- 1983 - The German magazine, Der Stern claims that Adolf Hitler's diaries were found in a wreckage in East Germany.
- 1990 - The Anti-Drug video Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue is released.
- 1992 - 1992 explosion in Guadalajara, Mexico ; 206 people were killed, nearly 500 injured and 15,000 were left homeless
- 1993 - The Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC is dedicated.
- 1993 - The web browser Mosaic version 1.0 is released.
- 1997 - Haouch Khemisti massacre in Algeria; 93 villagers killed.
- 1997 - A 126-day hostage crisis at the residence of the Japanese ambassador in Lima, Peru ends after government commandos storm and capture the building, rescuing 71 hostages. One hostage dies of a heart attack, two soldiers are killed from rebel fire, and all 14 rebels are slain.
- 2000 - In a predawn raid, federal agents seize six-year-old Elián González from his relatives' home in Miami, Florida.
- 2000 - The Big Number Change takes place in the United Kingdom.
- 2004 - Two fuel trains collide in Ryongchon, North Korea, killing up to 150 people.
- 2006 - 243 people were injured in pro-democracy protest in Nepal after Nepali security forces opened fire on protesters against King Gyanendra.
- 2006 - Four Canadian soldiers are killed 75 kilometers north of Kandahar, Afghanistan by a roadside bomb planted by Taliban militants, the worst single day combat loss for the Canadian army since the Korean War.
Births
- 1451 - Queen Isabella of Castile and Leon (d. 1504)
- 1550 - Edward de Vere, Lord Great Chamberlain of England (d. 1604)
- 1610 - Pope Alexander VIII (d. 1691)
- 1658 - Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (d. 1709)
- 1690 - John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English statesman (d. 1763)
- 1692 - James Stirling, Scottish mathematician (d. 1770)
- 1707 - Henry Fielding, English author (d. 1754)
- 1711 - Eleazar Wheelock, American founder of Dartmouth College (d. 1779)
- 1724 - Immanuel Kant, German philosopher (d. 1804)
- 1766 - Madame de Staël, French author (d. 1817)
- 1812 - Solomon Caesar Malan, British orientalist (d. 1894)
- 1816 - Charles Denis Bourbaki, French general
- 1832 - Julius Sterling Morton, Arbor Day founder (d. 1902
- 1840 - Odilon Redon, French painter (d. 1916)
- 1844 - Lewis Thornton Powell, would-be assassin of Secretary of State William Seward (d. 1865)
- 1852 - Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1912)
- 1854 - Henri La Fontaine, Belgian lawyer, Nobel laureate (d. 1943)
- 1860 - Ada Rehan, American stage actress (d. 1916)
- 1870 (N.S.) - Vladimir Lenin, Russian revolutionary (d. 1924)
- 1873 - Ellen Glasgow, American author (d. 1945)
- 1876 - Robert Bárány, American physician, Nobel laureate (d. 1936)
- 1876 - Georg Lurich, Estonian wrestler (d. 1920)
- 1881 - Alexander Kerensky, Russian politician (d. 1970)
- 1884 - Otto Rank, Austrian psychologist (d. 1939)
- 1889 - Richard Glücks, German SS officer (d. 1945)
- 1891 - Harold Jeffreys, English astronomer (d. 1989)
- 1891 - Nicola Sacco, American anarchist (d. 1927)
- 1899 - Vladimir Nabokov, Russian writer (d. 1977)
- 1904 - Robert Oppenheimer, American physicist (d. 1967)
- 1906 - Eddie Albert, American actor (d. 2005)
- 1906 - Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Westrobothnia, second in line to the Swedish throne (d. 1946)
- 1907 - Ivan Efremov, Russian paleontologist and author (d. 1972)
- 1909 - Rita Levi-Montalcini, Italian neurologist, Nobel laureate
- 1910 - Norman Steenrod, American mathematician (d. 1971)
- 1912 - Kathleen Ferrier, British singer (d. 1953)
- 1914 - Jan de Hartog, Dutch writer (d. 2002)
- 1916 - Yehudi Menuhin, American-born violinist (d. 1999)
- 1918 - Mickey Vernon, baseball player
- 1919 - Donald J. Cram, American chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 2001)
- 1922 - Charles Mingus, American musician (d. 1979)
- 1922 - Wolf V. Vishniac, American microbiologist (d. 1973)
- 1923 - Bettie Page, American model
- 1923 - Aaron Spelling, American television producer (d. 2006)
- 1925 - George Cole, British actor
- 1926 - Charlotte Rae, American actress
- 1926 - James Stirling, British architect (d. 1992)
- 1935 - Paul Chambers, American jazz bassist (d. 1969)
- 1936 - Glen Campbell, American musician
- 1937 - Jack Nicholson, American actor
- 1937 - Jack Nitzsche, American composer (d. 2000)
- 1939 - Jason Miller, American playwright (d. 2001)
- 1943 - Louise Glück, American poet and 12th US Poet Laureate
- 1944 - Steve Fossett, American adventurer
- 1946 - John Waters, American film writer
- 1950 - Peter Frampton, British musician
- 1950 - Zygi Wilf, owner of the Minnesota Vikings
- 1951 - Paul Carrack, British musician
- 1952 - Marilyn Chambers, American actress
- 1953 - Juhani Komulainen, Finnish composer
- 1955 - Johnnie To, Hong Kong film director and producer
- 1958 - Ken Olandt, American actor
- 1959 - Catherine Mary Stewart, Canadian actress
- 1959 - Ryan Stiles, Canadian-born actor
- 1962 - Jeff Minter, British video game programmer
- 1965 - Lauri Hendler, actress
- 1965 - Peter Zezel, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1966 - Mariana Levy, Mexican actress (d. 2005)
- 1967 - Sheryl Lee, American actress
- 1967 - Harvey Williams, American football player
- 1968 - Zarley Zalapski, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1969 - Dion Dublin, English footballer
- 1970 - Andrea Giani, Italian volleyball player
- 1970 - Regine Velasquez, Filipino singer
- 1971 - Daisuke Enomoto, first Japanese space tourist
- 1972 - Owen Finegan, Australian rugby player
- 1974 - Shavo Odadjian, Armenian-born bassist (System of a Down)
- 1975 - Greg Moore, Canadian race car driver (d. 1999)
- 1976 - Michał Żewłakow, Polish footballer
- 1976 - Paul Henderson, Australian footballer
- 1977 - Mark van Bommel, Dutch football player
- 1977 - Aaron Fink, Guitarist for Breaking Benjamin
- 1978 - Esteban Tuero, Argentinian race car driver
- 1979 - Daniel Johns, Australian musician (Silverchair)
- 1980 - Courtney Friel, presenter of World Poker Tour
- 1981 - Ken Dorsey, American football player
- 1982 - Kaká, Brazilian footballer
- 1982 - Tim Hamilton, Slovak adult movie actor
- 1983 - Matt Jones, American football player
- 1984 - Amelle Berrabah, British singer (Sugababes)
- 1986 - Kevin Lee, Canadian Musician, co-creator: (CK Inc.)
Deaths
- 296 - Pope Caius
- 455 - Petronius Maximus, Roman Emperor
- 536 - Pope Agapetus I
- 1592 - Bartolomeo Ammanati, Italian architect (b. 1511)
- 1672 - Georg Stiernhielm, Swedish poet (b. 1598)
- 1699 - Hans Erasmus Aßmann, Freiherr von Abschatz, German statesman (b. 1646)
- 1758 - Antoine de Jussieu, French naturalist (b. 1686)
- 1778 - James Hargreaves, English inventor (b. 1720)
- 1806 - Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, French admiral (stabbed) (b. 1763)
- 1833 - Richard Trevithick, English inventor (b. 1771)
- 1839 - Denis Davydov, Russian general and poet (b. 1784)
- 1854 - Nicolás Bravo, Mexican politician and soldier (b. 1786)
- 1892 - Edouard Lalo, French composer (b. 1823)
- 1896 - Thomas Meik, British civil engineer (b. 1812)
- 1908 - Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1836)
- 1925 - André Caplet, French composer (b. 1878)
- 1930 - Jeppe Aakjaer, Danish poet (b. 1866)
- 1945 - Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (b. 1867)
- 1945 - Wilhelm Cauer, German mathematician (b. 1900)
- 1946 - Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b. 1872)
- 1951 - Horace Donisthorpe, British entomologist (b. 1870)
- 1968 - Stephen H. Sholes, American recording executive (b. 1911)
- 1978 - Will Geer, American actor (b. 1902)
- 1980 - Jane Froman, American actor (b. 1907)
- 1980 - Fritz Strassmann, German physicist (b. 1902)
- 1983 - Earl "Fatha" Hines, American jazz pianist (b. 1903)
- 1983 - John Louis Evans, convicted murderer (executed) (b. 1950)
- 1984 - Ansel Adams, American photographer (b. 1902)
- 1985 - Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (b. 1900)
- 1986 - Mircea Eliade, Romanian writer (b. 1907)
- 1994 - Richard Nixon, President of the United States (b. 1913)
- 1995 - Maggie Kuhn, American activist (b. 1905)
- 1996 - Erma Bombeck, American humorist (b. 1927)
- 2002 - Linda Lovelace, American adult actress (b. 1949)
- 2003 - Martha Griffiths, U.S. Congresswoman (b. 1912)
- 2003 - Michael Larrabee, American athlete (b. 1933)
- 2004 - Pat Tillman, American football player and U.S. Army Ranger (killed in action) (b. 1976)
- 2004 - Jason L. Dunham, American Medal of Honor winner (b. 1981)
- 2005 - Philip Morrison, American physicist (b. 1915)
- 2005 - Erika Fuchs, German translator (b. 1906)
- 2005 - Norman Bird, UK character actor (b. 1920)
- 2006 - Alida Valli, Italian actress (b. 1921)
Holidays and observances