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Sam Brownback
United States Senator
from Kansas
Incumbent
Assumed office
November 7, 1996
Serving with Pat Roberts
Preceded bySheila Frahm
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Kansas's 2nd district
In office
January 3, 1995 – November 7, 1996
Preceded byJim Slattery
Succeeded byJim Ryun
Personal details
Born (1956-09-12) September 12, 1956 (age 67)
Garnett, Kansas
Political partyRepublican
SpouseMary Brownback
ResidenceTopeka, Kansas
Alma materKansas State University (B.A.)
University of Kansas (J.D.)
Occupationattorney, farmer, agricultural secretary
Signature

Samuel Dale "Sam" Brownback (born September 12, 1956) is the senior United States Senator from the U.S. state of Kansas and former GOP candidate in the Republican primaries for the 2008 presidential election. He has announced that he will not seek re-election to the Senate in 2010 and has filed papers to run for Governor of Kansas in the 2010 election. Brownback is widely considered the front-runner for the Republican nomination and leads by large margins in general election polling to date.[1][2][3][4]

Personal life

Sam Brownback was born in Garnett, Kansas to Nancy and Robert Brownback.[5] He was raised in a farming family in Parker, Kansas; his ancestors settled in Kansas after leaving Pennsylvania following the Civil War.[6] Brownback was state president of National FFA Organization, and was one of its national vice presidents from 1976 to 1977.[7] While at Kansas State University, he was elected student body president and was a member of Alpha Gamma Rho.[8] He received his J.D. from the University of Kansas in 1982.

After college, Brownback spent approximately a year working as a broadcaster; he hosted a weekly half-hour show.[6][9]

He is married to the former Mary Stauffer, whose family owned and sold a successful media company in 1995.[10] They have five children, including an adopted son and daughter. One of his daughters, Jenna, was adopted from China when she was two years old.

Religious views

Senator Brownback discusses science and religion in American politics in October 2007, during his Presidential run. A full transcript is found here.

Brownback told Rolling Stone that he had moved from mainline Protestantism to evangelicalism before his 2002 conversion to Catholicism.[11]

Raised as a Methodist, Brownback later joined a nondenominational evangelical church, Topeka Bible Church, which he still regularly attends, even though in 2002, he converted to Catholicism. He joined the Church through Opus Dei priest Father C. John McCloskey in Washington DC.[12][13] Brownback himself, however, is not a member of the Opus Dei organization.[14]

Brownback was a cosponsor of the Constitution Restoration Act, which would have limited the power of federal courts to rule on church/state issues. Brownback told Rolling Stone that he chairs the Senate Values Action Team, an off-the-record weekly meeting of representatives from religious conservative organizations.

Early career

Brownback was an attorney in Manhattan, Kansas[6] before becoming the Kansas secretary of agriculture in 1986. In 1990, he was accepted into the White House Fellow program and detailed to the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative from 1990 to 1991. Brownback then returned to Kansas to resume his position as secretary of agriculture and remained in that position until 1993. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1994 and next ran in the 1996 special election to replace Senator Bob Dole, who had resigned his seat during his presidential campaign, beating appointed Republican Sheila Frahm.

Senate career

Sheila Frahm was appointed to fill the seat of U.S. Senator Bob Dole when Dole resigned in 1996 to campaign for president. Brownback defeated Frahm in the 1996 Republican primary and went on to win the general election against Democrat Jill Docking. In 1998 Brownback was elected to a full six-year term, defeating Democrat Paul Feleciano. He won reelection in the 2004 Senate election with 69% of the vote, defeating his Democratic challenger, Lee Jones, a former Washington, D.C. lobbyist.

Brownback is a member of the Judiciary Committee, the Senate Appropriations Committee (where he chaired the Subcommittee on District of Columbia when the Republicans were in the majority), the Joint Economic Committee, and the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the Helsinki Commission. He is the current Chairman of the Helsinki Commission, which monitors compliance with international agreements reached in cooperation with Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

Brownback has announced that he would not run for reelection in 2010, in accordance with his support of term limits for members of Congress.[15]

In 2000, Brownback and Congressman Chris Smith led the effort to enact the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA).[16] President Clinton signed the legislation in October 2000. According to Christianity Today, the stronger enforcement increased the number of U.S. federal trafficking cases eightfold in the five years after enactment.[17]

In 2001 Brownback submitted S.1465[107], which authorized Presidential waivers for foreign aid to Pakistan. S.1465[107] passed by a unanimous unrecorded vote of Senators present. The Pakistani Government utilized the U.S. Foreign Aide, when received from the U.S. Government, in an attempt to bribe Mujahideen and Taliban Militants inside that country. Taliban Commanders and Mujahideen Commander Nek Mohammed openly admitted that they intended to use the foreign aid money to repay loans, which they had received from al Qaeda.

As of August 12, 2007, in the 110th Session of Congress, Brownback had missed 123 votes due to campaigning (39.7 percent) — surpassed only by Tim Johnson (D) of South Dakota who due to a critical illness had missed 100% of the votes of the 110th Session, and John McCain (R) of Arizona with 149 votes missed due to campaigning (48.1 percent).[18]

As of 8-31-2009, Brownback had an approval rating of 54 percent, with 36 percent disapproving.[19]

Controversy

On April 1, 2010, news sources reported that Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), a Washington, D.C.-based watchdog organization, had urged an ethics investigation into a possible violation of the Senate's gifts rule by senators lodging in a townhome owned by C Street Center, Inc., in turn owned by Christian-advocacy group The Fellowship. According to the report, Brownback, three additional senators, and four U.S. representatives were staying in the townhome. CREW alleged that the property, rented out for $950 a month per person, was being let out well under the rate of similar lodging in the neighborhood, which regularly run from $4,400 to $7,500.

Brownback supporters however argue that the rooms rented out at C Street are not the equivalent of individual apartments with their own private bathrooms, kitchens, and living rooms. The lawmakers share communal space. Coburn's spokesman John Hart told The Hill: "Anyone who has spent 10 minutes on Craigslist would realize that C Street residents pay fair-market value,” Hart said. “Residents at the [C Street] boarding house have one bedroom. Most share a bathroom. All pay for their own meals and share personal space with the other residents and guests. They even share the remote … they fight over their favorite channel.” [20] In addition, Hart has pointed out that there are several Craigslist ads that demonstrate that $950 is clearly fair market value for a room on Capitol Hill.[21][22]

Committee assignments

Positions

Health care

Brownback opposes a single payer, government run health care system. He supports increased health insurance portability, an elimination on insurance rejection due to pre-existing medical conditions, a cap on frivolous malpractice lawsuits, the implementation of a electronic medical records system, an emphasis on preventative care, and tax benefits aimed at making health insurance more affordable for the uninsured and targeted to promote universal access. He opposes government funded elective abortions in accordance with the Hyde Amendment. He has been a strong supporter of legislation to establish a national childhood cancer database, and an increase in funding for autism research.[23] Brownback supports negotiating bulk discounts on Medicare drug benefits to reduce prices. In 2007, Senators Brownback and Sherrod Brown (D-OH) sponsored an amendment to the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007. The amendment created a prize as an incentive for companies to invest in new drugs and vaccines for neglected tropical diseases. It awards a transferable “Priority Review Voucher” to any company that obtains approval for a treatment for a neglected tropical disease. This provision adds to the market-based incentives available for the development of new medicines for developing world diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis and African sleeping sickness. The prize was initially proposed by Duke University faculty Henry Grabowski, Jeffrey Moe, and David Ridley in their 2006 Health Affairs paper: "Developing Drugs for Developing Countries."[24]

Brownback supports a bill that will introduce price transparency to the U.S. health care industry,[25] as well as a bill which would require the disclosure of Medicare payment rate information.[26]

On December 16, 2006, Brownback gave an interview to the Christian Post, stating: "We can get to this goal of eliminating deaths by cancer in 10 years."[27]

Immigration

Brownback has a voting record tending that has supported higher legal immigration levels[28] and strong refugee protection. Brownback was cosponsor of a 2005 bill of Ted Kennedy and John McCain's which would have created a legal path to citizenship for millions of illegal immigrants already present.[29] He has been criticized by Tom Tancredo for his support for Kennedy and McCain's latest immigration reform bill.[30] Brownback responded that politicians "must protect our borders, enforce the law, provide legal means for people to work in the United States, and fix a broken system."[30] On June 26, 2007, Brownback voted in favor of S. 1639, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act.[31][32] Brownback supports increasing numbers of legal immigrants, building a fence on Mexican border, and the reform bill "if enforced." While he initially supporting giving guest workers a path to citizenship, Brownback eventually voted "Nay" on June 28, 2007.[33] Brownback has said that he supports immigration reform because the Bible says to welcome the stranger.[34]

Tax reform

In December 2005, Brownback advocated using Washington, DC as a "laboratory" for a flat tax.[35][36] He was rated 100 percent by the US COC, indicating a pro-business voting record. He voted Yes on a Balanced-budget constitutional amendment, has expressed support for a low tax and spend approach, opposes the Death Tax, and was rated 100 percent by the Cato Institute, indicating a pro-free trade voting record. He supports two-year limit on welfare benefits.[37]

Iraq

Brownback posing with U.S. troops in Iraq.

Brownback has stated that he supports a political surge coupled with the military surge of 2007 in Iraq and opposes the Democratic Party's strategy of timed withdrawal:

It does mean that there must be bipartisan agreement for our military commitment on Iraq. We cannot fight a war with the support of only one political party. And it does mean that the parties in Iraq — Sunni, Shi’a and Kurds — must get to a political agreement, to a political equilibrium. I think most people agree that a cut and run strategy does not serve our interest at all, nor those of the world, nor those of the region, nor those of the Iraqi people. So I invite my colleagues, all around, particularly on the other side of the aisle, to indicate what level of commitment they can support.[38]

— Senator Sam Brownback, U.S. Senate floor speech, January 16, 2007

In May 2007 Brownback stated, "We have not lost war; we can win by pulling together" He voted Yes on authorizing use of military force against Iraq, voted No on requiring on-budget funding for Iraq, not emergency funding and voted No on redeploying troops out of Iraq by July 2007.[37] He has also condemned anti-Muslim bigotry in name of anti-terrorism.[23]

On June 7, 2007, Brownback voted against the Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007 when that bill came up for a vote in the Senate Judiciary Committee, on which Brownback sits.[39] (The bill was passed out of the committee by a vote of 11 to 8.)[40] The bill aims to restore habeas corpus rights revoked by the Military Commissions Act of 2006.[41]

Darfur

Brownback visited refugee camps in Sudan in 2004 and returned to write a resolution labeling the Darfur conflict as genocide, and has been active on attempting to increase U.S. efforts to resolve the situation short of military intervention.[42] He is an endorser of the Genocide Intervention Network, which called him a "champion of Darfur" in its Darfur scorecard, primarily for his early advocacy of the Darfur Peace and Accountability Act.[43]

Israel and the Palestinians

In October 2007, Brownback announced his support for a plan designed by Benny Elon, chairman of Israel's right wing NU - NRP party.[44] Elon's positions include dismantling the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas and rejecting a two-state solution. The plan calls for the complete annexation of the West Bank by Israel, and the deportation of its Arab population to a new Palestinian state in present day Jordan. Elon argues that this would complete the 1948 Palestinian exodus begun in the 1948 war. Brownback has stated that he is committed to the cause of the Palestinian people and supports their possession of civil and political rights.[45]

Intelligent design

Brownback has stated that he is a devout believer in a higher power and rejects macroevolution, or changes from one species into another. [46] Brownback favors giving teachers the freedom to use intelligent design to critique evolutionary theory as part of the Teach the Controversy approach:

There's intelligence involved in the overall of creation. . .I don't think we're really at the point of teaching this in the classroom. I think what we passed in the U.S. Senate in 2002 the Santorum Amendment is really what we should be doing, and that is that you teach the controversy, you teach what is fact is fact, and what is theory is theory, and you move from that proceedings, rather than from teaching some sort of different thought. And this, I really think that's the area we should concentrate on at the present time, is teaching the controversy.[47]

— Senator Sam Brownback, Larry King Live, CNN, August 23, 2005

He has supported the Discovery Institute, hub of the intelligent design movement, and has argued extensively on their behalf during Discovery Institute intelligent design campaigns such as the Santorum Amendment, Teach the Controversy, and the denial of tenure to Institute Fellow and design proponent Guillermo Gonzalez.[48][49]

Abortion

In accordance with his Catholic faith, Brownback is Pro-Life in all cases except when the life of the mother is in danger. He has a 100 percent Pro-Life voting record according to the National Right to Life Committee. Brownback also supports parental notification for minors who seek an abortion and opposes Partial Birth Abortion.[23][50] In the early days of Brownback's political career, Sam while personally pro-life, was politically pro-choice.[51] Brownback has more recently stated, "I see it as the lead moral issue of our day, just like slavery was the lead moral issue 150 years ago."[52] On May 3, 2007, when asked his opinion of repealing Roe v. Wade, Brownback said, "It would be a glorious day of human liberty and freedom."[53]

Brownback also stated he "could support a pro-choice nominee" to the presidency, because "this is a big coalition party."[54] Brownback has stated that he supports a human life amendment or federal legislation ending abortion.[citation needed]

Stem cell research

Brownback supports adult stem cell research and cord blood stem cells. Brownback appeared with three children adopted from in vitro fertilization clinics to coincide with a Senate debate over the Cord Blood Stem Cell Act of 2005[55] to show his support for the bill and adult stem cell research. The Religious Freedom Coalition refers to children conceived through the adopted in vitro process as "snowflake children."[56] The term, as proponents explain, is an extension of the idea that the embryos are "frozen and unique," and in that way are similar to snowflakes.[56] Brownback supports the use of cord blood stem cell research for research and treatment, instead of embryonic stem cells.[37]

Death penalty

Brownback said in an interview, "I am not a supporter of a death penalty, other than in cases where we cannot protect the society and have other lives at stake."[57] In a speech on the Senate Judiciary Committee, he questioned the current use of the death penalty as potentially incongruent with the notion of a "culture of life", and suggesting for its employment in a more limited fashion.[58] However, he voted YES on making federal death penalty appeals harder and voted NO on maintaining right of habeas corpus in death penalty appeals.[37] These two votes, on the other hand, occurred before his conversion to Catholicism in 2002 — since his conversion, he has echoed Pope John Paul II's remarks against the death penalty.

Other issues

On September 27, 2006, Brownback introduced a bill called the Truth in Video Game Rating Act (S.3935), which would regulate the rating system of computer and video games.

On June 15, 2006, Bush signed into law the Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005 sponsored by Brownback, a former broadcaster himself. The new law stiffens the penalties for each violation of the Act. The Federal Communications Commission will be able to impose fines in the amount of $325,000 for each violation by each station that violates decency standards. The legislation raises the fine by tenfold.[59][60]

Where I think we're really lost is we're segregating science and faith. And they ask and answer different questions. Science asks how, and faith asks why. And I think we'd be so much richer, and in societies in the past in Western civilization they did this a lot more, if you had the interaction of the two, of faith and science.

— Sam Brownback, [57]

On September 3, 1997, Meredith O'Rourke, an employee of Kansas firm Triad Management Services, was deposed by the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs regarding her activities and observations while providing services for the company relative to fund raising and advertising for Brownback. The deposition claims that Triad circumvented existing campaign finance laws by channeling donations through Triad, and also bypassed the campaign law with Triad running 'issue ads' during Brownback's first campaign for the Senate.[61][62]

He has said he does not believe there is an inherent right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution. He has, however, expressed disapproval of George W. Bush's assertions on the legality of the NSA wiretapping program.[63] Brownback voted "yes" on maintaining current gun laws: guns sold without trigger locks. He opposes gun control.[37]

Brownback is a lead sponsor of the International Marriage Broker Regulation Act of 2005 and frequently speaks out against the mail-order bride industry.[64]

Brownback introduced into the Senate a resolution (Senate Joint Resolution 4) calling for the United States to apologize for past mistreatment of Native Americans.[65][66] He worked with Congressman John Lewis to help win placement of the African American Museum on the National Mall in Washington, D.C..[citation needed]

Brownback is a supporter of a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage and voted against the federal expansion of hate crimes to include sexual orientation.[67] He has taken no position on gay adoption.[citation needed]

Brownback's voting record on civil rights was rated 20 percent by the ACLU. He voted "yes" on ending special funding for minority and women-owned business and "yes" on recommending a Constitutional ban on flag desecration. He opposes quotas in admission to institutions of higher education.[37] He voted "yes" on increasing penalties for drug offenses and voted "yes" on more penalties for gun and drug violations.[37]

Brownback voted "no" on banning chemical weapons.[37] He voted "yes" on reauthorizing the PATRIOT Act and voted "yes" on extending the PATRIOT Act's wiretap provision.[37] In May 2007, Brownback stated that "Iran is the lead sponsor of terrorism around the world." He supports talks and peaceful measures with Iran, but no formal diplomatic relations.[37]

Environmental record

In 2005, the organization Republicans for Environmental Protection ("REP") gave Brownback a grade of 7 percent for the 107th United States Congress, but in 2006, increased the rating to 26%.[68] Senator Brownback supported an amendment to the Energy Policy Act of 2005, offered by Senator Jeff Bingaman, (D-NM), requiring at least 10 percent of electricity sold by utilities to originate from renewable resources.[68] He has also supported conservation of rare felids & canids. He has voted for increased funding for international conservation of cranes. Brownback has supported oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and in the Gulf of Mexico, as a way to reduce dependence on foreign oil. He has promoted the use of renewable energy such as nuclear, wind, solar, and hydroelectric sources to achieve energy independence.[23]

2008 presidential campaign

Wikinews has related news:

On December 4, 2006, Brownback formed an exploratory committee, thus taking the first steps toward candidacy. He announced his Presidential bid as of December 5, 2006 on his website.[69] His expressed views position him in the social conservative wing of the Republican party. He has also stressed his fiscal conservatism. "I am an economic, a fiscal, a social and a compassionate conservative," he said in December 2006.[70] On January 20, 2007, in Topeka, Brownback announced that he was running for President in 2008.[71]

On February 22, 2007, a poll conducted by Rasmussen Reports held that three percent of likely primary voters would support Brownback.[72]

Brownback's close advisors for his presidential bid, as listed by the Washington Post,[73] are David Kensinger, a political consultant who is a former executive director of GOPAC and former Brownback chief of staff, Rob Wasinger, Brownback's chief of staff in 2005, and Paul Wilson, a media consultant with Wilson Grand Communications. Also listed as "playing a key role" was Tom Monaghan, founder of Domino's Pizza. Also mentioned as a member of Brownback's exploratory committee was Bowie Kuhn, former Major League Baseball commissioner, before his death on March 15, 2007.[74] A conservative Catholic, Brownback enjoys support among the religious right, and focuses his campaign towards this element of society. However, a scandal broke in August 2007 when Pastor Tim Rude of Walnut Creek Community Church, working for the Huckabee campaign, attempted to undermine support from Evangelical Christians with anti-Catholic comments. Rude sent an email to two evangelical supporters to emphasize that Huckabee was "one of us."[75][76][77][78] It has been noted that the campus director for student ministries at Walnut Creek Community Church, Nick Bal, was an outspoken supporter of the Brownback campaign.[79][80]

On August 11, 2007, Brownback finished third in the Ames Iowa straw poll with 15.3 percent of all votes cast. Fundraising and visits to his website declined dramatically after this event, as many supporters had predicted Brownback would do much better,[citation needed] and speculation began that the candidate was considering withdrawing from the campaign. This sentiment increased after his lackluster performance in the GOP presidential debate of September 5, broadcast from New Hampshire by Fox News Channel.[81]

Brownback was endorsed by Frank Pavone, Jack Willke, Alveda King, Stephen McEveety, Jason Jones, Norma McCorvey, Thomas S. Monaghan, Michael W. Smith, Angela Baraquio Grey and Stephen Baldwin.[82] Brownback also won support from fellow Kansas lawmakers Senator Pat Roberts and Rep. Todd Tiahrt.[83]

Brownback had stated that if he came in lower than fourth place in the Iowa Caucuses, he would drop out of the Presidential campaign.[84]

Brownback dropped out of the 2008 presidential race on October 18, 2007, citing a lack of funds. He also commented that he wouldn’t debate immigration in the middle of an election cycle.[85] He formally announced his decision on October 19.[86] He later endorsed John McCain for president.[87]

2010 gubernatorial campaign

Brownback has announced he will not run for reelection in 2010 due to self-imposed term limits. Early candidates to succeed Brownback include current Republican Representatives Jerry Moran of Hays and Todd Tiahrt of Goddard. Former Democratic Governor Kathleen Sebelius was also thought to be a likely candidate, but talk of her candidacy has died down since she became the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

In 2008, Brownback publicly acknowledged he was considering running for Governor in 2010.[88] In January 2009, Brownback officially filed the paperwork to run for Governor.[89]

Polling agency Rasmussen Reports found that Brownback leads his likely Democratic opponent by thirty-one points in May 2010.[90][91]

Electoral history

Kansas's 2nd congressional district: 1994 results[92]
Year Democrat Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct
1994 John Carlin 71,025 34% Sam Brownback 135,725 66%
U.S. Senate elections in Kansas (Class III): Results 1992–2004[92]
Year Democrat Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct
1992 Gloria O'Dell 349,525 31% Bob Dole * 706,246 63% Christina Campbell-Cline Independent 45,423 4% Mark B. Kirk Libertarian 25,253 2%
1996 Jill Docking 461,344 43% Sam Brownback 574,021 54% Donald R. Klaassen Reform 29,351 3%
1998 Paul Feleciano 229,718 32% Sam Brownback 474,639 65% Tom Oyler Libertarian 11,545 2% Alvin Bauman Reform 11,334 2%
2004 Lee Jones 310,337 27% Sam Brownback 780,863 69% Steven A. Rosile Libertarian 21,842 2% George Cook Reform 15,980 1%
* Dole resigned in 1996; Sheila Frahm was appointed to his former seat until a special election could be held in 1996. Brownback then defeated Frahm in the Republican primary and won the general to serve out the remainder of Dole's term.

References

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  5. ^ 1
  6. ^ a b c Brownback Presidential Campaign reprint of Weekly Standard article[dead link] Eastland, Terry, Mr. Compassionate Conservative, The Weekly Standard, Volume 011, Issue 44, August 7 2006
  7. ^ National FFA Organization: Prominent Former Members[dead link]
  8. ^ Kansas State University: Sam Brownback Landon Lecture February 22, 2006
  9. ^ Kapochunas, Rachel. Brownback, Set to Launch GOP White House Bid, Will Fight from the Right, CQPolitics.com January 18 2007
  10. ^ The New York Times Archives, "Media Concern Adds 12 Stauffer Papers", Published: June 16, 1995
  11. ^ "Bizarre: Political hypocrisy surrounds Capitol Hill retreat home." Charleston Gazette (July 26, 2009). Retrieved on July 27, 2009.
  12. ^ rollingstone.com
  13. ^ The Catholic Church's K Street lobbyist. - By Chris Suellentrop - Slate Magazine
  14. ^ WashingtonPost
  15. ^ http://monroecountyclarion.stltoday.com/articles/2007/03/22/opinions/sj2tn20070320-0321cla_garcia.ii1.txt
  16. ^ Library of Congress: Thomas. House Resolution 3244. Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000
  17. ^ Alford, Deann. "Free at Last", Christianity Today, February 21, 2007
  18. ^ Washington Post."Missed Votes", August 12, 2007
  19. ^ http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=787a9659-ba15-42b1-992b-465629512f17
  20. ^ http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/bogus-ethics-complaint-targets-coburn-demint-brownback
  21. ^ http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/bogus-ethics-complaint-targets-coburn-demint-brownback
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  23. ^ a b c d http://www.ontheissues.org/senate/sam_brownback.htm
  24. ^ Developing Drugs For Developing Countries - Ridley et al. 25 (2): 313 - Health Affairs
  25. ^ PR Newswire: Senators and Hospital Groups Support New GPO Transparency Initiative, July 12, 2005
  26. ^ U.S. Senator Sam Brownback press release: Brownback Introduces Medicare Payment Rate Disclosure Act, April 7, 2006
  27. ^ Associated Press (2006-12-16). "Brownback Addresses Christian Radio Members, Touts FDA Move". The Christian Post. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
  28. ^ Immigration Voting Report Card for Sen. Sam Brownback
  29. ^ "Democrats are flocking to McCain's immigration bill". Retrieved 2007-06-21.
  30. ^ a b "Tom Tancredo: Sam Brownback 'Miserable' on Illegal Immigration". Retrieved 2007-06-21.
  31. ^ Search Results - THOMAS (Library of Congress)
  32. ^ U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote
  33. ^ U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote
  34. ^ Luo, Michael (October 28, 2007). "On the Road: A Week With 'Values' Voters". The New York Times. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  35. ^ The New York Sun: D.C. May Be Flat Tax Laboratory, November 30, 2005
  36. ^ DCist: A Flat Tax for the District?[dead link], December 2, 2005
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Sam Brownback On the Issues". ontheissues.org. Retrieved 2007-09-01.
  38. ^ Senator Sam Brownback office, Brownback on Iraq and Troop Surge, Calls for bipartisanship, diplomatic efforts, January 17, 2007, Washington, D.C.
  39. ^ Countdown with Keith Olbermann, June 7, 2007.
  40. ^ Senate Begins Real Push on Habeas Corpus
  41. ^ According to an Associated Press report by reporter Laurie Kellman,Kellman, Laurie (2006-07-18). "Bush Veto Expected for Stem Cell Bill". Associated Press. Retrieved 2006-08-23.
  42. ^ The Washington Post: Policy Adrift on Darfur, page A25, December 27, 2005.
  43. ^ DarfurScores.org: Champions of Darfur, operated by the Genocide Intervention Network, site accessed 21 August 2006
  44. ^ http://www.forward.com/articles/11794/
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  46. ^ http://www.uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/sam-brownback-on-evolution/
  47. ^ Intelligent Design in American Classrooms? CNN Larry King Live, August 23, 2005.
  48. ^ Evolution Opponents on the Offensive in Senate, House Government Affairs Program, American Geological Institute.
  49. ^ Breaking News: U.S. Senator Expresses Alarm Over Denial of Tenure to Gonzalez at Iowa State Discovery Institute, EvolutionNews.org, May 22, 2007.
  50. ^ Sam Brownback on the Issues
  51. ^ "Politics Attracted Brownback Early," Kansas City Star, October 27, 1996.
  52. ^ Pulliam, Sarah. "Q&A: Sam Brownback", Christianity Today, October 18, 2007.
  53. ^ "California Republican debate transcript", MSNBC, May 3, 2007.
  54. ^ California Republican debate transcript, May 3, 2007
  55. ^ http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:S.681.IS:
  56. ^ a b "LEGISLATIVE UPDATE — WEEK ENDING May 27, 2005; STEM CELLS AND SNOWFLAKE BABIES". Religious Freedom Coalition. 27 May 2005. Retrieved 2006-08-29.
  57. ^ a b Interview with Senator Sam Brownback, David Shankbone, Wikinews, October 11, 2007.
  58. ^ Sentencing Law and Policy (Blog by Douglas A. Berman): Senator Brownback questions death penalty and culture of life, February 3, 2006
  59. ^ Combs, Roberta. Christian Coalition of America[dead link], Washington Weekly Review, June 17, 2006
  60. ^ "Bill Number S. 193". Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005 (Introduced in Senate) from Congressional THOMAS DB. Retrieved April 11, 2005.
  61. ^ O'Rourke Deposition: September 3, 1997
  62. ^ The Washington Post. January 31, 1999 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/cf121297.htm. Retrieved May 23, 2010. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  63. ^ The Washington Post: David S. Broder: Bucking Bush on Spying, February 9, 2006
  64. ^ Vatican Radio: Mail Order Nightmares [1]
  65. ^ THOMAS, Library of Congress entry on Senate Joint Resolution 4
  66. ^ Brownback Applauds Committee Passage of Native American Apology Resolution. Press release, May 11, 2007
  67. ^ Project Vote Smart - Senator Samuel D. 'Sam' Brownback - Voting Record
  68. ^ a b Republicans for Environmental Protection 2005 Scorecard
  69. ^ "Favorite of religious right moves toward White House bid" by Associated Press. CNN, December 4, 2006.
  70. ^ forbes[dead link]
  71. ^ "Brownback to Move on Presidential Bid". ABC News. January 6, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-11. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  72. ^ news.yahoo.com[dead link]
  73. ^ "Sam Brownback's Inner Circle" by Chris Cillizza. Washington Post.com, December 5, 2006.
  74. ^ Matt Stearns & David Goldstein, Wichita Eagle[dead link], Sam Brownback forms exploratory committee, December 5, 2006
  75. ^ Wheaton, Sarah (August 6, 2007). "2 G.O.P. Contenders Duel Over Religion". The New York Times. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  76. ^ MyWire | AP: Brownback Complains About Catholic Slur
  77. ^ GCMStatementofWeaknessExposed - Tim Rude, a GCM Pastor in IA, Makes Anti-Catholic Statements
  78. ^ Brownback Campaign Again Calls Huckabee to Denounce 'Anti-Catholic' Slur | Christianpost.com
  79. ^ Mike Glover (July 27, 2007). "Brownback hopes faith is guiding force". Hays Daily News. Associated Press.
  80. ^ "Evangelical ministers back Brownback". The Gazette (Cedar Rapids). July 26, 2007.
  81. ^ Wangsness, Lisa (2007-08-12). "Romney trounces GOP field in Iowa straw poll". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
  82. ^ Actor Stephen Baldwin to endorse Brownback
  83. ^ TheHill.com - Endorsements 2008
  84. ^ Washington Wire."Fourth Place or Bust, Says Brownback", Wall Street Journal, October 10, 2007.
  85. ^ [2][dead link]
  86. ^ Republican Sam Brownback ends White House run Dallas Morning News October 19, 2007. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
  87. ^ FOXNews.com - Sam Brownback Endorses John McCain - Politics | Republican Party | Democratic Party | Political Spectrum
  88. ^ "Brownback considering gubernatorial run in 2010". Lawrence Journal World and News. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
  89. ^ http://primebuzz.kcstar.com/?q=node/16188
  90. ^ http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_2010/election_2010_governor_elections/kansas/election_2010_kansas_governor
  91. ^ Election 2010: Kansas Senate, Rasmussen Reports, March 3, 2010.
  92. ^ a b "Election Statistics". Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
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U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Kansas's 2nd congressional district
1995 – 1996 		Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. senator (Class 3) from Kansas
1996–present
Served alongside: Nancy Landon Kassebaum, Pat Roberts 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Republican Party nominee for United States Senator from Kansas
(Class 3)
1996, 1998, 2004 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States Senators by seniority
38th 		Succeeded by
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