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MacBook Air
Original MacBook Air
ManufacturerApple Inc.
TypeLaptop/Notebook/Netbook
Release dateJanuary 29, 2008 (2008-01-29) (original release)[1]
June 11, 2012 (2012-06-11) (current release)
LifespanJanuary 30, 2008 (2008-01-30)
Operating systemOS X
Power45 W MagSafe Power Adapter, AC wall plug and power lead 
Websitewww.apple.com/macbookair

The MacBook Air family is a line of ultraportable Macintosh notebook computers created by Apple Inc. The Air was designed to balance both performance and portability; it has a full-sized keyboard design and a machined aluminium casing with extremely low weight and thickness. The MacBook Air is available in two sizes: 11.6 inch and 13.3 inch (or 29.46 cm and 33.78 cm, respectively). The measurement refers to the diagonal display size. There is a range of model choices with different specifications, however all models currently use SSD storage and Intel Core i5 or i7 CPUs.[2] In Apple's product line, the MacBook Air previously slotted above the white MacBook (discontinued in 2012) and it occupies a position below the thicker and higher-performance MacBook Pro laptops. The MacBook Air inspired a competing range of Ultrabook notebooks produced by other manufacturers and running Microsoft Windows.

History

Steve Jobs with a MacBook Air at the 2008 keynote.

Steve Jobs introduced the first MacBook Air during a speech at his keynote at the 2008 Macworld Conference & Expo on January 15, 2008.[3] The first-generation MacBook Air was a 13.3"-only model, initially promoted as the world's thinnest notebook.[4] It featured a custom[5] Intel Merom CPU and Intel GMA graphics. In late 2008, the CPU was updated to a faster, non-custom Penryn CPU and integrated Nvidia GeForce graphics while the hard drive capacity was increased and the micro-DVI video port was replaced by the Mini DisplayPort.[6] A mid-2009 refresh, introduced alongside the MacBook Pro family, featured a slightly higher-capacity battery, and a faster Penryn CPU.[7]

On October 20, 2010, Apple released a redesigned 13.3" model, with improved enclosure, screen resolution, battery, and flash storage instead of a hard drive. In addition, a new 11.6" model was introduced, offering reduced cost, weight, battery life, and performance relative to the 13.3" model, but better performance than typical netbooks of the time.[8][9][10]

On July 20, 2011, Apple released an updated model in the same form factor as the prior model. The new model was powered by the new Sandy Bridge 1.6 or 1.7 GHz dual-core Intel Core i5, or 1.8 GHz dual-core Intel Core i7 processors, that came with an Intel HD Graphics 3000 processor, and with a backlit keyboard, two USB 2.0 ports, FaceTime camera, a standard of 2 gigabytes of RAM though configurable up to 4GB, Thunderbolt which shares function with Mini DisplayPort and Bluetooth was upgraded to v4.0. Maximum SSD flash memory storage options were increased up to 512 gigabytes. Both 11 and 13" models had an analog audio output/headphone minijack (that also supports an iPhone/iPod touch headset with microphone), but only the 13" model had an integrated SDXC-capable SD Card slot. These models use a less expensive "Eagle Ridge" Thunderbolt controller that provides two Thunderbolt channels (2 x 10 Gbit/s bidirectional), compared to the MacBook Pro which uses a "Light Ridge" controller that provides four Thunderbolt channels (4 x 10 Gbit/s bidirectional). A USB Ethernet adapter was immediately available upon release and a Thunderbolt-to-Firewire 800 adapter became available for the 11" model in mid-year 2012.[11]

On June 11, 2012, Apple released an updated model in the same form factor as the prior model. The new model is powered by the new Ivy Bridge dual-core Intel Core i5 and i7 processors, doubles the RAM and SSD speeds, has the new USB 3 ports (with USB 2 capability), in place of the USB 2 ports, a 720p FaceTime camera, and the new Magsafe 2 charging port.[12]

While Apple's MacBook lines have not been immune to the consumer trend away from PCs and towards tablets and smartphones,[13] they still managed to ship 2.8 million MacBooks in Q2 2012 (the majority of which are the MacBook Air) compared to 500,000 total Ultrabooks,[14][15] despite there being dozens of Ultrabooks from various manufacturers on the market while Apple only offered 11-inch and 13-inch models of the Macbook Air.[16] It appeared that many OEMs were unable to offer an Ultrabook at a comparable spec and price to the MacBook Air,[17] and while some Ultrabooks were able to claim individual distinctions such as being the lightest or thinnest, the Air was still regarded by many reviewers as the best all-around Ultrabook. Furthermore the Air was among the first to receive Intel's latest CPUs before other PC manufacturers, and Mac OS X has gained market share on Windows in recent years.[18][19]

Design

Left side of a MacBook Air. From left to right, MagSafe 2 power connector, USB port, headphone jack and built-in microphone.

The MacBook Air is designed for thinness; it is also lighter than most competing models.[20] The computer features a glossy LED backlit display and a full-size keyboard, as well as a large trackpad that responds to Multi-Touch gestures such as pinching, swiping, and rotating.[21] With the release of Mac OS X Snow Leopard, the Air's multi-touch trackpad also supports handwriting recognition of Chinese characters.[22]

On the 11-inch MacBook Air, the left side of the computer has a MagSafe power connector, a USB port, a headphone jack, and a microphone.[21] The right side of the computer has a USB port and a Mini DisplayPort, now sharing Thunderbolt function in the 2011 version. On top of the screen bezel there is a webcam, first dubbed iSight and now the FaceTime camera.

The MacBook Air was the first subcompact laptop offered by Apple since the full-featured 12" PowerBook G4 was discontinued in 2006. It was also Apple's first computer with an optional solid-state storage drive.[23] ArsTechnica found "moderate" performance improvements of the 64 GB[note 1] solid-state drive of the first generation Air over the standard 80 GB hard drive in tests. On October 14, 2008, new models were announced with improved capacities of 128 GB (solid-state) and 120 GB (hard drive). For the late 2010 MacBook Air, only flash storage is available, in 64 or 128 GB capacities on the 11" model, and 128 or 256 GB on the 13".

The CPU in the first-generation MacBook Air was a custom engineered Intel Core 2 Duo Merom that was 40 percent of the size of the standard chip package.[24] For models of late-2008,The CPU was replaced with a low-voltage Core 2 Duo Penryn chip with 6 MB of cache, running on a 1066 MHz bus.[25]

The MacBook Air has no user-replaceable parts. The flash memory and battery are enclosed within the casing, with RAM soldered onto the motherboard. The flash memory, which is difficult to access, has a 128MB cache[26] and a mSATA connection to the motherboard.[27] The battery can be replaced using normal screwdrivers, though it is unclear whether this process would void the computer's warranty.[28][29] As part of the out-of-warranty service, Apple offers to replace the battery for a fee.[30]

The optional Apple USB 'SuperDrive' DVD-drive.

Apple incorporated several features in the design of the MacBook Air, such as the reduction of toxic chemicals like lead, to make it more environmentally friendly. The MacBook Air contains no BFRs and PVC wiring, meets Energy Star Version 5.0 requirements, has a recyclable enclosure, and is rated EPEAT Gold; its display is made from arsenic-free glass and does not contain mercury.[4][31] To reduce the computer's size and weight, several features were sacrificed. It was Apple's first notebook since the PowerBook 2400c without a built-in removable media drive.[32] It also omits a FireWire port, Ethernet port, line-in, media card slots (except the 13" 2010, 2011 and 2012 models, which has an SD card slot), and a Kensington Security Slot.[33]

To gain the features of an optical drive, users can either purchase an external USB SuperDrive (or other brand of DVD drive) or the bundled Remote Disc software, only for disk browsing or software installation, to access the optical drive of another computer wirelessly[34] that has the Remote Disc program installed.[35][36] It can also be used to reinstall the system software from the included installation DVD. Remote Disc supports NetBooting, so the MacBook Air can boot from its installation DVD in another computer's drive, which requires Remote Install Mac OS X to be running on the remote computer. The software does not allow playback or information of DVDs or CDs, nor installing MS Windows.[34] For these features, an external USB drive is required.[34] More recent versions of OS X replaced the installation DVD with a USB flash drive containing the system software, eliminating the need for the remote install.

The 2010 revision includes two speakers for stereo sound while earlier versions have one speaker located under the keyboard. The 2012 update has a 1280x720 FaceTime HD Camera, replacing the previous 640x480 iSight camera.

Specifications

Discontinued Current
Table of models
Model Early 2008[37] Late 2008[6] Mid 2009[38] Late 2010[39] Mid 2011[40] Mid 2012
Model identifier MacBookAir1,1 MacBookAir2,1 MacBookAir3,1 (11"), MacBookAir3,2 (13") MacBookAir4,1 (11"), MacBookAir4,2 (13") MacBookAir5,1 (11"), MacBookAir5,2 (13")
Model number (on underside) A1237 A1304 A1370 (11"), A1369 (13") A1370 (11"), A1369 (13") A1465 (11"), A1466 (13")
Part number (Order number) MB003LL/A MB543LL/A, MB940LL/A MC233LL/A, MC234LL/A MC504LL/A, MC505LL/A, MC506LL/A, MC503LL/A MC968LL/A, MC969LL/A, MC965LL/A, MC966LL/A MD223LL/A, MD224LL/A, MD231LL/A, MD232LL/A
Display
(glossy) 		— 11.6", Supported up to 1366 × 768 (16:9)
13.3", Supported up to 1280 × 800 (16:10) 13.3", Supported up to 1440 × 900 (16:10)
Graphics
(Shared with system memory) 		Intel GMA X3100 using 144 MB of DDR2 SDRAM with Micro-DVI output Nvidia GeForce 9400M using 256 MB of DDR3 SDRAM with Mini DisplayPort output Nvidia GeForce 320M using 256 MB of DDR3 SDRAM with Mini DisplayPort output Intel HD Graphics 3000 processor using 256 MB (11" base model) or 384 MB (all other models) of DDR3 SDRAM Intel HD Graphics 4000 processor with up to 1GB DDR3 SDRAM shared from main memory
Front side bus/DMI 800 MHz 1066 MHz 800 MHz (11"), 1066 MHz (13") Intel Direct Media Interface
2.5GT/s
Processor 1.6 GHz (L7500) or 1.8 GHz (L7700) Intel Core 2 Duo with 4 MB on-chip L2 cache 1.6 GHz (SL9300) or 1.86 GHz (SL9400) Intel Core 2 Duo with 6 MB on-chip L2 cache 1.86 GHz (SL9400) or 2.13 GHz (SL9600) Intel Core 2 Duo with 6 MB on-chip L2 cache (11") 1.4 GHz (SU9400) Intel Core 2 Duo with 3 MB on-chip L2 cache
Optional 1.6 GHz (SU9600) Intel Core 2 Duo with 3 MB on-chip L2 cache
(13")1.86 GHz (SL9400) Intel Core 2 Duo with 6 MB on-chip L2 cache
Optional 2.13 GHz (SL9600) Intel Core 2 Duo with 6 MB on-chip L2 cache 		(11") 1.6 GHz (i5-2467M) dual-core Intel Core i5 with 3 MB shared L3 cache
(13") 1.7 GHz (i5-2557M) dual-core Intel Core i5 with 3 MB shared L3 cache
(Higher-End 11" & 13") Optional 1.8 GHz (i7-2677M) dual-core Intel Core i7 with 4 MB shared L3 cache 		(11") 1.7 GHz (i5-3317U) dual-core Intel Core i5 with 3 MB shared L3 cache
(13") 1.8 GHz (i5-3427U) dual-core Intel Core i5 with 3 MB shared L3 cache
(Higher-End 11" & 13") Optional 2.0 GHz (i7-3667U) dual-core Intel Core i7 with 4 MB shared L3 cache
Memory
 2 GB of 667 MHz DDR2 SDRAM 2 GB[note 2] of 1066 MHz DDR3 SDRAM 2 GB of 1066 MHz DDR3 SDRAM
Optional 4 GB 		2 GB (11" base model; Optional 4 GB) or 4 GB of 1333 MHz DDR3 SDRAM (all other models) 4 GB of 1600 MHz DDR3L SDRAM Optional 8 GB
Secondary storage 80 GB 4200-rpm 1.8-inch PATA HDD or 64 GB SSD 120 GB 4200-rpm 1.8-inch SATA HDD or 128 GB SSD 64 (MC505LL/A) or 128 GB (MC506LL/A) (11"), 128 (MC503LL/A) or 256 GB (MC504LL/A) (13") of SSD 64 GB (11") SSD
128 GB (11") SSD Optional 256 GB upgrade
128 or 256 GB (13") SSD 		64 GB or 128 GB SSD (11") Optional 256 GB or 512 GB upgrade
128 or 256 GB SSD (13") Optional 512 GB upgrade
Connectivity
 Internal 802.11 a/b/g and draft-n
Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
Built-in infrared (IR) receiver for Apple Remote
Optional Apple USB Ethernet Adapter (Year 2008) 		Internal 802.11 a/b/g/n (AirPort)
Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
Optional Apple USB Ethernet Adapter 		Internal Dual-Band 802.11 a/b/g/n (AirPort)
(Broadcom BCM43224 300 Mbit/s)
Bluetooth 4.0
Optional Apple USB Ethernet Adapter

Optional Apple Thunderbolt to Gigabit Ethernet Adapter
Optional Apple Thunderbolt to FireWire 800 Adapter

Latest Supported Operating System OS X 10.7 "Lion" OS X 10.8 "Mountain Lion"
Battery
(non-removable lithium-ion polymer) 		— 35-watt-hour (11")
37-watt-hour (13") 40-watt-hour (13") 50-watt-hour (13")
Unit weight — 2.3 lb (1.04 kg) (11")
2.9 lb (1.32 kg) (13") 		2.38 lb (1.08 kg) (11")
2.96 lb (1.34 kg) (13")
3.0 lb (1.36 kg)
Dimensions — 11.8 in (300 mm) wide × 7.56 in (192 mm) deep × 0.11 in (3 mm) to 0.68 in (17 mm) high (11")
12.8 in (325 mm) wide × 8.94 in (227 mm) deep × 0.16 in (4 mm) to 0.76 in (19 mm) high (13") 12.8 in (325 mm) wide × 8.94 in (227 mm) deep × 0.11 in (3 mm) to 0.68 in (17 mm) high (13")
Peripheral connections 1× USB 2.0
1× 3.5 mm headphone jack
Micro-DVI video port 		1x USB 2.0
1× 3.5 mm headphone jack
Mini DisplayPort video port 		2× USB 2.0
1× 3.5 mm headphone jack
1x Mini DisplayPort
1× SD card slot (13" only)
 2× USB 2.0
1× 3.5 mm headphone jack
1x Thunderbolt port
1× SD card slot (13" only)
 2× USB 3.0
1× 3.5 mm headphone jack
1x Thunderbolt port
1× SD card slot (13" only)

Reception

Many commentators consider the 11-inch MacBook Air to have the essential attributes of a netbook, despite not being marketed as such, and its comparatively high price.[41][42][43][44][45] Forrester Research analyst Frank Gillett attributes Apple's increased success in the enterprise market to the 2010 MacBook Air and the iPad.[46]

Competition

A few years after the release of the MacBook Air, Intel developed a set of specifications for the Ultrabook, a higher-end type of subnotebook produced by various PC manufacturers and usually running Windows. Competing directly with the Air, the Ultrabook is intended to reduce size and weight, and extend battery life without compromising performance.[47][48][49]

"Thinnest" disputes

At the launch of the first MacBook Air in January 2008, Apple claimed it to be the thinnest laptop in the world. The discontinued Sharp Actius MM10 Muramasas was described in some sources as thinner than the Macbook Air, being 0.54 inches (14 mm) thick at its minimum.[50] It, like the MacBook Air, was a tapered design, with a maximum height of 0.78 inches (20 mm), in fact slightly thicker than the MacBook Air.[51]

Since the release of the first MacBook Air, other ultrathin laptops have been released, such as the Dell Adamo,[52] launched in March 2009, which is a constant 0.65 inches (17 mm) thick. Apple subsequently removed "The world's thinnest notebook" from their marketing materials.

Early issues

The MacBook Air was greeted with a mixed reception when it was introduced. The portability of the MacBook Air was praised in reviews, however the compromise in features was criticized.[53][54][55] The full-sized keyboard, weight, thinness, and Multi-Touch trackpad were appreciated in reviews, while the limited configuration options and ports, slow speed (in non-SSD models), non-user replaceable battery, small hard drive, and price were criticized.[53][54] The flip-down hatch on the side of the original MacBook Air is a tight fit for some headphone plugs and USB devices, requiring users to purchase an extension cable. Apple removed the flip-down hatch on the late 2010 model in favor of open connection ports as on most other laptops.[56][57] Since the release of the first-generation product, some MacBook Air users have complained of overheating that caused CPU lockup. Apple released a software update in early March 2008 to fix the problem with mixed results: the deactivation of one CPU core appears to have been corrected; however, the runaway kernel problem remains for at least some users.[58] The problem is aggravated by system-intensive tasks such as video playback or video chatting.[59] Due to a more mature manufacturing process, the CPUs in the second-generation MacBook Air perform better under load as the first-generation chips ran hotter, requiring throttling the processor to avoid overheating, further degrading performance.[60]

Timeline of portable Macintoshes
Mac transition to Apple siliconiMac ProApple WatchiPadiPhoneMac ProPower Mac G5Power Mac G4Power Macintosh G3Power MacintoshCompact MacintoshMacBook Pro (Apple silicon)MacBook Air (Apple silicon)MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)MacBook Air (Apple silicon)MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)MacBook Pro (Intel-based)MacBook Pro (Intel-based)MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)MacBook Pro (Intel-based)MacBook Pro (Intel-based)MacBook Pro (Intel-based)MacBook Pro (Intel-based)MacBook Pro (Intel-based)MacBook Pro (Intel-based)MacBook Pro (Intel-based)MacBook Pro (Intel-based)iBook G4PowerBook G4PowerBook G4iBook (white)PowerBook G3PowerBook G3PowerBook 2400cPowerBook 3400cPowerBook 1400PowerBook 5300PowerBook 500 seriesPowerBook 190PowerBook G4PowerBook 150PowerBook 500 seriesPowerBook 500 seriesPowerBook 500 seriesPowerBook 500 seriesPowerBook 160PowerBook 140PowerBook 180PowerBook 180PowerBook 160PowerBook 160PowerBook 140PowerBook 170PowerBook 140MacBook Air (Apple silicon)MacBook Air (Apple silicon)MacBook Air (Apple silicon)MacBook Air (Intel-based)12-inch MacBookMacBook Air (Intel-based)iBook G4iBook (white)iBook ClamshellMacBook Air (Intel-based)MacBook (2006–2012)PowerBook Duo 210MacBook Air (Intel-based)MacBook (2006–2012)MacBook (2006–2012)PowerBook G4PowerBook 100Macintosh PortablePowerBook G3PowerBook G3PowerBook G3PowerBook G3PowerBook G3PowerBook DuoPowerBook DuoPowerBook DuoMacintosh PortablePowerBook DuoPowerBook DuoPowerBook Duo 230Macintosh Portable
See also: List of Mac models

Notes

  1. ^ In this article, the conventional prefixes for computer storage denote base-10 values whereby "kilobyte" (KB) = 103 bytes, "megabyte" (MB) = 106 bytes and "gigabyte" (GB) = 109 bytes.
  2. ^ In this article, the conventional prefixes for computer RAM denote base-2 values whereby kilobyte (KB) = 210 bytes, megabyte (MB) = 220 bytes and "gigabyte" (GB) = 230 bytes.

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