Timeline of the war in Donbas

Red represents cities held by forces from the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR).
Blue represents cities under control by the Ukrainian government.
Pink represents areas held by the DPR/LPR.
Yellow represents areas previously held by DPR/LPR, but retaken by the Ukrainian government.
Purple represents areas previously held by the Ukrainian government, but retaken by the DPR/LPR.
Orange represents settlements being contested.

This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, an ongoing conflict between pro-Russian insurgents and the Ukrainian government in the Donbass region of Ukraine.

April

For a timeline of the protests that led to war, see Timeline of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine.

For a timeline of concurrent events in Crimea, see Timeline of the 2014 Crimean crisis.

7 April

At 3:30am, a group of pro-Russians stormed the SBU offices in Donetsk and Luhansk. They did not make any clear demands. The militants took control of the SBU armoury and armed themselves with automatic weapons, and other supporters brought bricks and other debris to erect barricades. Their numbers were initially at 1,000 but have since thinned.

The protesters in Donetsk declared a People's Republic of Donetsk and unification with Russia. Ukrainian news agency UNIAN reported gunmen then tried to storm a Donetsk TV building, but were deterred by the police.

At night, Ukrainian Special forces stormed a Security Service office in Donetsk that had been taken by Pro-Russian militants. No casualties were reported. In Luhansk, members of a self-styled "Army of the Southeast" asked for support to preserve "our rights and values." They also claim to be ready to send a "reserve" to Donetsk to assist separatists there.

In an address on national TV (Ukrainian) interim President Oleksandr Turchynov stated that the curent unrest in eastern Ukraine was "the second wave" of a Russian operation to destabilise Ukraine, overthrow the government and disrupt planned elections and an attempt by Russia to "dismember" Ukraine. He also vowed to launch a major "counter-terrorism" operation against separatist movements in the country's eastern regions.

8 April

The referendum and declaration of independence in Donetsk was reportedly put on hold and protesters there reportedly gave up some weapons.

In Luhansk, separatists occupying the SBU building declared themselves the "Lugansk Parliamentary Republic". According to Ukrainian security officials, The separatists planted mines in the building and have taken 60 people hostage. Ukrainian security sources, speaking on condition of anonymity, have indicated that some hostages may be used as human shields. They stated that the hostages were participants in the pro-Russian rallies and some are elderly women.

On the morning of 8 April, the 'Patriotic Forces of Donbass', a rival group unrelated to Donetsk Republic organisation who proclaimed independence and seized the council, issued a statement to counter the Donetsk Republic's declaration of independence, citing complaints from locals. Their announcement stated that they would quash the potential state's establishment, cancel the referendum, and, on their part, stated that the declaration is illegal. Protesters reportedly gave up some weapons too. Despite this, the Donetsk Republic organisation continued to occupy the RSA and declared themselves the legitimate authority, and upheld all previous calls for a referendum and the release of their leader Pavel Gubarev. In the afternoon of 8 April, about a thousand people rallied in front of the RSA listening to speeches about the Donetsk People's Republic and to Soviet and Russian music. The Russian government claimed there are more than 100 American "mercenaries" from a defence contracting company disguised as Ukrainian troops in Ukraine, a claim the American firm and top US officials deny.

9 April

At least 51 hostages were released by separatist forces who occupied the Security Service building in Luhansk. Later, a column of Ukrainian armoured personnel carriers from Dnipropetrovsk arrived in Luhansk, just to be used as a 'last resort', according to official sources.

10 April

On 10 April, the number of protesters outside the Donetsk RSA was in the hundreds. The separatists in the building voted to establish ties with Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and international institutions like the United Nations to break away from Ukraine. Separatists attacked Belarusian journalists for speaking the Belarusian language, and not Russian; Ukrainian journalists have been forced to speak Russian to avoid angering pro-Russian protesters. They also attacked reporters from RT, but RT did not carry the story.

11 April

In Mariupol, a pro-Ukrainian flashmob of 100 took place outside the police department. Protesters were attacked by men with bats and the police did not react.

12 April

Main articles: Siege of Sloviansk and Kramatorsk standoff

Forty armed men wearing St. George's ribbon, a symbol of pro-Russian protesters in eastern Ukraine have seized police station in the town of Sloviansk and the mayor of the town Nelya Shtepa engaged in talks with them. Kiev authorities pledged "tough response" to these events. After talks the mayor of the city declared that the citizens feel safe, aren't threatened, and the police station was taken over by "People's Militia of Donbas" which opposes the authorities in Kiev. The armed militia was also reported to have taken over a second security building belonging to SBU (state security services), from which they have taken "hundreds of guns" and distributed them to protesters. In Kramatorsk, in the course of a Pro-Russian rally, protestors overpowered a police line and took over the building of the local executive committee, where they hoisted the flag of the new-proclaimed republic. At evening, the local police station was captured by armed men in camouflage fatigues after a protracted firefight. Russian-language media claim that the police station at Krasnyi Lyman was occupied by men in combat uniform and Cossacks. The towns of Druzhkivka and Krasnoarmiisk were allegedly also under rebel control. Ukraine's Ministry of Internal Affairs denied the capture of the police stations of Krasny Lyman and Kramatorsk and the occupation of Krasnoarmiisk. In Artemivsk, Pro-Russian militias and activists attempted to break into the local police station, but after talks, they withdrew and occupied instead the city council, where the Russian flag was raised.

Pro-Russian militants in the Donetsk police headquarters

13 April

The Ukrainian Interior Ministry, in response to pro-Russian riots and separatism, created a special police unit to deal with the activities of separatists. Each south-eastern oblast would receive its own response units.

In Mariupol, 150 armed pro-Russians attacked a pro-Ukraine unity rally, leaving nine injured, six of them in intensive care.

An 'anti-terror' mission was launched by the Ukrainian government to reclaim buildings occupied by separatists in Donetsk Oblast. Ukraine's Security Service troops clashed with pro-Russian militias near Sloviansk. One Ukraine officer was killed and five wounded, while the pro-Russian militants suffered one dead and two wounded. The Ministry of Internal Affairs claim that two rebel checkpoints -one on the road to Kramatorsk, the other on the road to Kharkiv- were destroyed. According to witnesses, the Ukrainian forces used helicopters and rocket launchers. The attempt to dislodge the militants was not successful, and the rebels remained in control. Elsewhere, Pro-Russian demonstrators occupied the town councils in Mariupol, Yenakiieve and Makiivka. Rebel forces established checkpoints in the villages of Myrne, Bylbasivka, Mayakovsky and Rayhorodok, in the area adjacent to Sloviansk. A truck carrying Grad rocket was stopped at one of the checkpoints and its cargo was confiscated by the militiamen. At evening, the city council of Khartsyzk was occupied by rebel militants. Apparently, local authorities cooperated with the separatists.

14 April

The police station in Horlivka was stormed by 150 pro-Russian activists. The Ukrainian government implicated Russia in the deployment of civilian agents with military weapons to cause unrest, and called on the United Nations to send in peacekeeping troops. This would however require approval by the UN Security Council, where Russia holds a veto there. In Zhdanivka 20 activists took over the city council, and hoisted the flag of the Republic of Donetsk. The rebels set up a number of checkpoints around the city.

In Luhansk, 300 held a pro-Ukraine rally peacefully. Locals began forming self-defence groups to protect from the separatists.

Ukrainian self-defence volunteers working with police set up roadblocks on Kharkiv-Donetsk roads to stop separatist movement from reaching Kharkiv.

15 April

An armoured column sent by Ukraine established a checkpoint 40 km from Sloviansk. The SBU claimed that the rebels there had been reinforced by several hundred soldiers from Russia's Main Intelligence Directorate. Ukrainian special forces retook Kramatorsk airfield from pro-Russian troops. According to Ukrainian officials there were no fatalities on either side, while rebel reports varies from two militiamen wounded to eleven dead. Pro-Russian militants in the city of Horlivka in Donetsk Oblast stormed the municipal police station and detained the police. After the storming and ransacking of the building and a mob beating of the police chief, a video surfaced on YouTube of an alleged Russian army officer, in Russian regular army uniform, addressing the Ukrainian police with "new orders." The city is currently occupied by Russian irregular forces who are believed to be coordinated with the Russian army.

Pro-Russian militiamen in Sloviansk

16 April

Six BMD-2 armoured vehicles were captured by Pro-Russian militias after being stopped at a rebel checkpoint near Kramatorsk. They were later seen driven by masked Pro-Russian troops to Sloviansk. The Ukrainian Ministry of Defence confirmed the loss. Two Ukrainian soldiers, one of them an officer, were abducted by armed men while driving a vehicle on a road near Krasny Luch, Luhansk Oblast. Fourteen Ukrainian armoured personnel carriers carrying a hundred soldiers were surrounded by a large crowd in Pchyolkino, but were able to leave after surrendering their ammuniton. The commander of Ukraine's airborne troops, Colonel Alexander Sveths, another officer and a civilian contractor were abducted after refusing to lay down the weapons. They were released on 18 April. During the preceding stand-off, Ukrainian troops fired upon Pro-Russian militants, injuring three.

In Mariupol, 300 pro-Russian insurgents attempted to take a military base and demanded soldiers turn over their weapons. They threw petrol bombs at base guards. After firing warning shots, police together with the national guard and Omega units returned fire. According to Interior Minister Arsen Avakov, three insurgents were killed and 13 wounded, while 63 were arrested; no Ukrainian officers were killed in the battle.

17 April

Flyers distributed in the pro-Russian-controlled Donetsk instructed Jews over 16 to register with the insurgents and pay a $50 tax. Pro-Russian demonstrators in Stakhanov formed a picket line outside the local police station, demanding the resignation of the superintendent. Ukrainian paratroopers, supported by helicopters, destroyed a rebel checkpoint at Serhiivka, west of Kramatorsk. One civilian was wounded.

In Luhansk, 1,000 held a pro-Ukraine rally to support national unity. In Donetsk, over 5,000 rallied against separatism. In Kramatorsk, 1,000 held a pro-Ukraine rally and were attacked by 100 separatists, who were stopped by police.

The outcome of quadrilateral meeting in Geneva (as agreed on 10 April 2014) with Russia, Ukraine, the United States and the European Union to negotiate an end to the crisis in Ukraine was that all sides agreed to steps to "de-escalate" the crisis. All four parties agreed that all "illegal military formations in Ukraine" must be dissolved, and that everyone occupying buildings must be disarmed and leave them but that there would be an amnesty for all anti-government protesters under the agreement. These steps will be overseen by monitors from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

18 April

The Ukrainian Security Service put the 'active phase' of the "anti-terrorist operation" in the east on hold. This was due to the deal reached at Geneva and the Easter celebrations. They will continue, however, to keep the security perimeter around facilities and towns controlled by pro-Russian rebels. The Donbass separatists rejected the agreement. Ukrainian paratroopers recovered two of the six BMD-2 vehicles captured by the rebels at Kramtorsk, according to Ukraine's Ministry of Defence. No casualties were reported. Earlier, one of the BMDs and a truck were driven by 20 Pro-Russian troops to the industrial town of Siversk, where Russian-language sources report that the local population and police pledged allegiance to the Donetsk republic; this was dismissed by local authorities. The rebel column departed for the towns of Zvanivka and Paraskoviyivka. A pro-Government rally at Sloviansk was dispersed by pro-Russian militias.

19 April

A Ukrainian civilian helicopter was fired at by rebel militants while dropping leaflets explaining the deal reached at Geneva on Sloviansk. A Ukrainian soldier was shot and killed in Donetsk's airport, when a sentry mistook him for an intruder and opened fire.

20 April

On Easter Sunday there was a deadly shootout at a checkpoint in Bylbasivka, west of Sloviansk, between pro-Russian militias and unknown assailants. Russia-language media describe them as armed members of the Ukrainian ultra-nationalist party 'Right Sector'. The attackers arrived in four civilian vehicles before dawn and opened fire on demonstrators manning the checkpoint. They were later engaged by Pro-Russian militiamen. Three separatists were killed and two wounded, while the assailants suffered three deaths, according to the self-appointed mayor of Sloviansk. The body of one of the alleged attackers was put on display by the rebels, who also showed two charred vehicles belonging to the gunmen, one of them riddled with bullet holes. A 22-year-old man from Vinnitsa, identified as one of the armed persons who raided the checkpoint, was captured by the rebels. They claim he was a member of the 'Right Sector', but this was denied by 'Right Sector' sources in Kiev. Later, a female reporter was detained at Sloviansk under the suspect that she was a Euromaidan activist.

21 April

In Luhansk, separatists announced two referendums, one on 11 May to decide on whether to gain autonomy or whether to retain the current status of the region and a second on 18 May on whether to join Russia or declare independence. The Ukrainian Ministry of Internal Affairs created a special battalion to fight separatism in the region called 'Timur'. Armed men dressed in camouflage took over the Security Service office in Kramatorsk, where the local police station was also occupied and the superintendent abducted.

In Khartsyzk in Donetsk oblast, 400 rallied to support the unity of Ukraine.

22 April

A body found in the River Seversky Donets, not far from Sloviansk, was identified as Volodymyr Rybak, a member of the Ukrainian parliament for the 'Fatherland' party. The corpse, with signs of torture, had been found on 19 April along with a second unidentified body. Rybak had been kidnapped outside Horlivka's city council on 17 April. An immediate consequence of the assassination was President Turchynov's decision to resume the 'active phase' of the 'counter-terrorism operation' in Eastern Ukraine.

A Ukrainian Air Force An-30 surveillance aircraft was damaged by small-arms fire while flying over the rebel-controlled city of Sloviansk. The crew managed to land the plane safely at Kiev.

Valentyn Nalyvaichenko, director of Ukraine's Security Service, reported that three Russian military intelligence officers had been captured. Up to 22 April, twenty-one Russian intelligence officers had been arrested in Ukraine.

23 April

Ukrainian forces took control of the town of Sviatohirsk without casualties on either side. At evening, a Ukrainian Mi-8 helicopter from the Ministry of Internal Affairs was lightly damaged by small-arms fire while flying over Kramatorsk. Two more helicopters from the Ukrainian National Guard were fired at by pro-Russian troops over Sloviansk. One of them received some damage. (see Siege of Sloviansk)

Right Sector announced it had created a special 'Donbass' battalion to battle separatists, and that they were co-ordinating with the Defence Council, SBU, and Interior Ministry.

Luhansk separatist Vladimir Gromov disowned the proposed Lugansk Republic, saying an announcement was never made.

24 April

Ukrainian forces, with the support of helicopters and armoured vehicles, carried out a large raid on pro-Russian positions around Sloviansk, killing between five to seven militants and destroying three checkpoints. The Ukrainian troops withdrew after the incursion. Earlier, a Ukrainian military base at Artemivsk was attacked with machine guns, grenades and RPGs by 70 militants. The assault was repulsed. One Ukrainian soldier was wounded. The incursion was allegedly commanded by Alexander Mozhaev, a former Russian army officer. The pro- Russian Republic of Donetsk declared 'full mobilisation'.

25 April

Two Ukrainian aircraft -an Mi-8 helicopter and an An-2 plane- were destroyed in an apparent RPG attack claimed by Pro-Russian militias at the airport of Kramatorsk, where the control tower was also damaged. The explosion injured one Ukrainian officer. At evening, Ukrainian special forces raided and destroyed a rebel checkpoint at Cherkasy, west of Sloviansk. No casualties were reported.

Russian fighter jets flew into Ukrainian airspace numerous times in the last 24 hours, US officials said.

Ukraine's Interior Ministry reported that 13 people on an Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) inspection trip (seven OSCE members, five Ukrainian military representatives, and the driver) had been taken hostage by pro-Russian militants in Sloviansk and held in the SBU building. Ukrainian authorities also informed that Sloviansk would be blockaded to prevent any reinforcements and supplies from entering the city.

26 April

Fifteen armed pro-Russian militants broke into the Novokramatorsky Machine Works factory in Kramatorsk, apparently with the goal of stealing two Soviet-era armoured bulldozers to counter the Ukrainian roadblocks around the area of Sloviansk. The rebels left the plant four hours later. Donetsk Republic sources claim that the intruders managed to obtain the heavy vehicles, largely disabled, and that they were working to repair them for minesweeping duties.

Rebel militias captured three Security Service agents in Horlivka. According to Ukrainian reports, they were tracking a Russian citizen suspect in the murder of Ukrainian MP Volodymyr Rybak.

At dusk, a pro-Russian checkpoint at Soledar, near Artemivsk, was attacked by Ukrainian airborne troops landed by helicopter. The checkpoint was located at the entrance of an old salt mine used as a dump for obsolete Soviet-era firearms. Russian-language sources report that one militant manning the outpost was wounded and other two captured, although one of them slipped away from his captors. Ukrainian authorities confirmed the operation, and say that a Donets Cossack was taken prisoner.

27 April

Separatists in Luhansk proclaimed the "Luhansk People's Republic". Earlier, rebel forces from Luhansk made an incursion in the city of Stakhanov, where they were welcomed by a pro-Russian crowd. The militants established a checkpoint outside the city council with the pretext of preventing "a Right Sector attack" and later fell back to Luhansk.

Around 500 pro-Russian activists, some of them in balaclavas and military fatigues, took control of the radio and television broadcasting centre in Donetsk, with the aim of turning off Ukrainian television channels and replacing them with Russian channels.

An unidentified corpse was found in the River Seversky Donets, not far from the site where the bodies of a student and Ukrainian MP Volodymyr Rybak were disposed.

A Swedish member of the OSCE mission, who had been taken hostage by rebel forces at Sloviansk, was released 'for medical reasons'.

28 April

One Ukrainian soldier was killed and another wounded by an improvised explosive device in Donetsk oblast. There was an exchange of gunfire between pro-Russian militias and Ukrainian security forces at Kramatorsk airport. Two Ukrainian servicemen were injured.

The city of Kostiantynivka was taken over by 20 pro-Russian militants who set up several checkpoints and barricades.

Timur Yudashev, the commander of the Ministry of Internal Affairs' special troops in Luhansk, was abducted at the local bus station and taken to the Security Service building, occupied by pro-Russian militants.

Separatists attacked a Ukrainian unity rally in Donetsk, leaving 14 injured. Four were allegedly taken hostage by pro-Russian separatists and held in the former Party of Regions headquarters.

29 April

Separatists in Luhansk stormed and seized the RSA building raising Russian and Luhansk Republic flags. Approximately 3,000 were involved in the raid, and police defected to the side of the protesters and adorned St. George ribbons. Lawyer Igor Chudovsky was shot twice by separatists for refusing to make a televised address on their behalf. The city of Pervomaisk, Luhansk Oblast, was also seized by the rebels. Two pro-Russian checkpoints were dismantled by Ukrainian forces, one at Cherkasy and another near Sloviansk.

30 April

Acting Ukrainian President Oleksandr Turchynov said that "security forces are unable to quickly take the situation in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions under control". "The security bodies ... are unable to carry out their duties of protecting citizens. They are helpless in those matters. Moreover, some of those units are either helping or cooperating with terrorist organizations." Rebel militants took over the city councils of Horlivka and Alchevsk, along with other government offices.

In Rubizhne, Luhansk Oblast, Ukrainian media claimed that a group of women prevented separatists from taking city hall.

May

1 May

In Antratsyt, Luhansk, separatists seize buildings and flew over the Russian tri-color, flag of Crimea, and Pan-Slavic flag (mistakenly reported as flag of Netherlands). Separatist forces also seized Amvrosiivka, Donetsk Oblast, where they raised the flag of the Donetsk republic over the town council and ripped out the Ukrainian flag. The city's mayor was snatched from his house and forced to resign. The police station at Krasnoarmiisk was occupied by pro-Russian militias in a bloodless assault.

In the city of Donetsk, a pro-Russian crowd stormed and occupied the prosecutor's office. There were clashes with the security forces, which left 26 wounded, one of them a serviceman.

Ukraine re-adopted conscription.

2 May

At dawn, Ukrainian forces launched a large-scale operation to retake Sloviansk. There were reports of gunfire, explosions, and a military helicopter opening fire, and separatists said one Mi-24 helicopter had been shot down, and one of the pilots captured. Separatist authorities said that three militants and two civilians were killed in the clashes. The Ukrainian Ministry of Internal Affairs reports that up to nine checkpoints around Sloviansk were seized. They also acknowledge the shooting down of two helicopters and the death of two airmen. Seven servicemen were wounded. The fighting died down by afternoon.

President Turchynov issued a statement informing that 'armed saboteurs' attempted to cross into Ukraine overnight from Russia, but were pushed back by Ukrainian border troops. The Federal Security Service's (FSB) border service said information from the Ukrainian side about an alleged attempt by Russian "sabotage groups" to cross into Ukraine from Russia "did not correspond with reality."

3 May

Main article: Kramatorsk standoff

A Ukrainian military recruiting center in Luhansk was stormed by pro-Russian militants after an initial assault was repelled by the recruits. Two Ukrainian soldiers were injured and a militant was killed in the clashes. The separatists seized weapons and took the recruits to an undisclosed location. Five Ukrainian border guards were kidnapped by armed militants from their outpost in Stanichno, Luhansk Oblast. They were robbed of their weapons and released the following day. Ten people were reported to be killed during intense fighting around Kramatorsk and Sloviansk.

4 May

At early morning, four Ukrainian armoured vehicles attacked a separatist checkpoint at Kostiantynivka; there was an engagement with snipers who fired from the local television tower. Ukrainian forces withdrew from Kramatorsk's streets to their base at the local airport.

5 May

Four Ukrainian soldiers were killed and 30 wounded in fresh fighting around Sloviansk. The self-proclaimed mayor of the city stated that seven militants were killed, along with three civilians. The engagement begun when an armoured Ukrainian convoy was ambushed by pro-Russian forces at Semeniivka, in the outskirts of Sloviansk. According to witnesses, the local gas station 'exploded in a wall of flame', as result of the clashes. A dozen of rebel militiamen where seen heading to the area on two armoured personnel carriers five minutes into the ambush. A Ukrainian Mi-24 helicopter was shot down by a heavy machine gun manned by the rebels and crashed into a river; its crew survived. The Ukrainian government accused the pro-Russian militias of using heavy weapons, including mortars.

6 May

Separatist demonstrators and militants set up barricades and burned tyres in Mariupol downtown as gunfire erupted in the airport area. It was later learned that Ukrainian special forces engaged pro-Russian militants, killing one and capturing two. The rebels had fired upon a Ukrainian military convoy, injuring a bus driver. The Ukrainian government later claimed that the city was cleared of separatists and the barricades around the city council removed.

7 May

Pro-Russian demonstrators re-occupied the Mariupol city hall after the Ukrainian security forces withdrew from the building. They were later attacked by special troops using tear gas, which according to pro-Russian sources left 15 people affected. A pro-Russian spokeswoman said that five militants were killed and 15 captured during the Ukrainian operation to retake the city.

8 May

Representatives of the Republics of Lugansk and Donetsk announced that they will go ahead with the 11 May referendum as scheduled, despite Vladimir Putin's calls to have it suspended.

One unidentified person was killed and two others wounded during an armed hot pursuit between two civilian-type vehicles that ended when the cars bypassed a rebel checkpoint at Alexandreevka. The two vehicles were fired at by the miltiamen manning the roadblock.

Pro-Russian militias attacked a Ukrainian checkpoint in Andreevka, near Sloviansk. The Ukrainian troops returned fire, and destroyed two civilian-type cars used by the rebels using RPGs.

At evening, 40 armed men got out two minivans and surrounded a customs post at Izvaryne, Luhansk Oblast, giving the Ukrainian border guards 30 seconds to lay down their weapons. When the guards refused, the intruders threw petrol bombs on the facilities, igniting a fire that was later extinguished. The guards opened fire, causing the attackers to flee. The customs post was left inoperable.

9 May

Main article: Mariupol standoff

An Orthodox priest was shot dead when he tried to talk to militiamen at a checkpoint in Kostiantynivka.

The town council at Avdiivka was taken over by unidentified personnel.

There were deadly clashes at Mariupol, where 60 separatists attempted to take over the police station. The attack was beaten-off, but the building was left in flames. The Ukrainian Internal Affairs Ministry claim that 20 rebels were killed, and four captured. The Ukrainians acknowledge one killed and five wounded. It was later learned that the police superintendent had been abducted by the militiamen.

10 May

The Ministry of Defence of Ukraine announced the deaths of a Lieutenant Colonel and an artillery soldier during the battle at Mariupol. The vehicle of the Colonel was ambushed while in route to the police station, while the soldier was killed in the assault of the building.

Armed separatists entered the Great Patriotic War museum at Donetsk, stealing a PTRS-41 antitank rifle and two AK-47s replicas.

11 May

Main article: Donetsk and Luhansk status referendums, 2014

Two independence referenda were held in the self-proclaimed republics of Donetsk and Luhansk. In Donetsk, the organizers stated that 89% voted in favour of self-rule, with 10% against, on a turnout of nearly 75%. In Luhansk, the organizers stated that 96.2% voted for separation. These results could not be independently verified.

In Krasnoarmesk, a masked gang presented themselves as a special Ukrainian unit called "Dnepr", with the declared intention of preventing the take over of the city hall by separatists. As a crowd gathered in front of the building to protest, the gunmen open fire, killing two civilians and injuring another.

13 May

Six Ukrainian soldiers were killed by separatists when a military convoy was ambushed at Oktyabrski, a village 20 km from Kramatorsk. A seventh soldier died of wounds. The Ukrainian Ministry of Defence also reported one rebel killed and four wounded. One Ukrainian BTR personnel carrier and a GAZ-66 truck were destroyed.

Separatist leaders stated that Luhansk 'People's Governor' Valery Bolotov was injured in an assassination attempt, which they blamed on Ukrainian authorities.

14 May

Ukrainian President Oleksander Turchinov claimed that the Ukrainian National Guard destroyed a pro-Russian base at Kramatorsk and a fortified area at Sloviansk. He also claimed that the TV tower at Sloviansk was under Ukrainian control.

15 May

Separatists sources claim that the Ukrainian army shot and killed three civilians in Kramatorsk.

Ukrainian sources reported three pro-Russian assaults on three military outposts in the area of Sloviansk and Kramatorsk, one of them on troops guarding the local television tower. During this attack rebel forces used BMD-2s and automatic fire.

16 May

Ukrainian sources said that a joint police and security service team arrested the commander of the South-Eastern Army in Luhansk. They stated that the detainee, Oleksiy Relke, was taken to Kiev. Ukraine's prosecutor general classified the self-declared republics as terrorist organisations.

In the city of Donetsk, a group of 130 armed militants from the "Vostok" battalion surrounded the  Eastern territorial command of the Ukrainian National Guard  and asked the military personnel inside to lay down their weapons. The rebels eventually took control of the premises after a number of volunteers from the National Guard swore loyalty to the Donetsk republic. The remaining troops were relocated to another barracks. The pro-Russian militia seized an undetermined number of small arms.

17 May

A man was shot and killed and another wounded after the civilian-type vehicle they were riding in passed through a pro-Russian checkpoint in the village of Yubileyniy, Luhansk Oblast. Two women were hit and injured by the driverless car.

At least 50 armed assailants took over a key gas-pumping facility in Kramatorsk

Luhansk "people's governor" Valeriy Bolotov was briefly detained by Ukrainian border guards at a border checkpoint in Dovzhanskiy. Bolotov was eventually released by 200 armed militants after a bloodless assault on the outpost.

Ukrainian officials claim that a pro-Russian militant was killed in clashes with Ukrainian military forces around Sloviansk.

18 May

There was sporadic mortar and RPG fire against Kramatorsk airfield from 17 to 18 May, and an attempted assault by pro-Russian forces. No victims were reported among the Ukrainian troops or the civilian population. The self-proclaimed mayor of Sloviansk claimed that Ukrainian mortar fire damaged a railway bridge in the village of Andiivka during the engagements.

Stankhanov Ferroalloy Plant at Luhansk stopped working after pro-Russian militants fired at and disabled two transformers, cutting off power supply to the facilities. Six furnaces were turned off.

19 May

A rebel mortar attack on Ukrainian positions at Mount Karachun, near Sloviansk, left one soldier killed and three wounded. Pro-Russian sources claim that the village of Semeniivka and two neighbours south of Sloviansk were damaged by Ukrainian artillery fire.

The Ukrainian Minister of Internal Affairs reported a rebel attack on a military checkpoint at Amvrosiivka, Donetsk Oblast. Some 50 pro-Russian militiamen arrived on ten vehicles an opened fire, but were repelled after a 30-minute shootout. One separatist was killed, another was captured and seven injured.

President Turchynov accused the Communist Party of collaborating with separatist insurgents and petitioned the Justice Ministry to ban the party.

A peace rally through Mariupol was cancelled at the last minute because of threats from pro-Russia armed groups.

In a late in the evening emergency address broadcast by his own Ukrayina TV Ukrainian oligarch and biggest business mogul of the region Rinat Akhmetov claimed the representative "of this Donetsk People's Republic" were committing "genocide of Donbass". August 1 2014

20 May

A so-called Peace March was held in the stadium Donbass Arena in Donetsk accompanied by cars beeping their horns at noon, organised by Rinat Akhmetov. BBC News and Ukrayinska Pravda reported that some vehicles were attacked by separatists and that a group of gunmen had threatened (at) the offices of several city taxi services not to take part. Akhmetov has vowed that "siren [will be] ringing every day at noon across all of Donbas until peace is established".

Armed separatists began to build concrete permanent checkpoints just 8 km from the Ukrainian-Russian border.

Rebel forces carried out another mortar attack on Ukrainian troops at Mount Karachun, wounding four soldiers.

21 May

It was reported that the separatist controlled one-third of the electoral commissions in Donbas. Ukrainian troops, meanwhile, were in charge of three electoral districts in Donetsk and the polling stations at Dobropillia, Olexandrivka, Velikonovosilkivsky and Chervonoarmiisk.

In Mariupol militants set up a picket line in front of two plants owned by Ukrainian oligarch Rinat Akhmetov, who called for a campaign against separatism.

22 May

Main article: Volnovakha checkpoint attack

At Volnovakha, Donetsk Oblast, 16 Ukrainian soldiers were killed and 12 wounded when armed separatists attacked the checkpoint they were manning with machine gun fire, hand grenades, rocket propelled grenades and mortar rounds. Later, another two soldiers died of wounds, bringing the Ukrainian death toll to 18. A pro-Russian officer, Colonel Igor Bezler, claimed that he led the ambush, and showed weapons and identification cards of two Ukrainian soldiers allegedly captured after the battle, in an improvised press conference at Horlivka. He also acknowledged the death of one of his subordinates.

A Ukrainian military convoy was blocked and ambushed by rebel forces at a bridge in Rubizhne, Luhansk Oblast. The bridge, which crossed the Seversky Donets, had previously been blown up by pro-Russian forces. Two Ukrainian soldiers were killed and seven wounded, while the separatists acknowledged the loss of seven combatants and 16 injured.

Armed men broke into the town council of Torez, Donetsk Oblast, where they shot and killed two people and wounded two others.

The Federal State of New Russia is declared encompassing both the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics.

23 May

During an ambush at Karlivka, 25 km north-west of Donetsk, pro-Russian forces killed five Ukrainian volunteers from the battalion "Donbass". "Right Sector" spokesman Borislav Bereza claimed that militants from his party came to rescue the trapped soldiers. Fifty percent of the battalion's soldiers were wounded. Rebel sources reported that two militiamen died in the battle.

24 May

Two Ukrainian soldiers were killed and four wounded when rebel forces from Sloviansk attacked two checkpoints around the city with mortar fire, RPGs and small-arms fire.

Agreements to form the Federal State of New Russia were signed between the governments of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Lugansk People's Republic, and as such the republics were integrated to the new confederation.

25 May

Main article: Ukrainian presidential election, 2014

Petro Poroshenko is elected President of Ukraine (invested 7 June).

26 May

Main article: Battle of Donetsk Airport

Fierce fighting erupted at Donetsk airport at 13:00 local time, after separatists militias who had earlier stormed the facilities ignored a Ukrainian ultimatum to withdraw. There was an airstrike carried out by Mi-24 helicopters, Sukhoi 25 and MiG-29 aircraft, and Ukrainian paratroopers were landed to evict the rebels. Ukrainian officials claimed that an antiaircraft gun was destroyed. Converserly, sources from the Donetsk republic reported the shooting down of two helicopters. Both sides claimed to be in control of the airport after the battle died down at late evening. They also acknowledged an indeterminate number of casualties. The local mortuary had 36 bodies of people killed during the battle, 33 of them pro-Russian militants. Donetsk Mayor, Oleksander Lukyanchenko, reported 43 wounded in local hospitals as result of the clashes.

At 18:00 OSCE headquarters lost contact with military inspectors from the organisation in eastern Donetsk.

27 May

At 3:40 am a column of several vehicles which included trucks, vans and cars from the village of Novoprokhorovka, Russia, crossed the border into Ukraine near the village of Astakhov, Luhansk Oblast (south of Sverdlovsk). The motorcade, heading for the town of Antratsyt, was engaged by Ukrainian border guards, who after a shootout captured a van and two cars carrying AK-47 rifles, RPGs and explosives. An armed man was wounded.

The press service of the Republic of Donetsk declared a daily curfew from 20:00 to 6:00 am.

28 May

Ukrainian soldiers manning a checkpoint in Donetsk Oblast shot down a Russian-made drone, reported Ukrainian Army spokesman Alex Dmitrashkovskyy. Earlier, members of the pro-Russian army of Donetsk claimed to have shot down a Ukrainian drone flying over downtown Donetsk.

A Ukrainian military base and a National Guard unit have been attacked in Luhansk, causing losses on both sides.

During new fightings in Sloviansk, one shell hit a school.

29 May

A Ukrainian Mi-8 helicopter was shot down by rebel forces between Kramatorsk and Mount Karachun, killing 14 people on board, among them General Vladimir Kultchysky. Another soldier was seriously injured.

Twenty members of the Ukrainian National Guard laid down their weapons to separatist forces at Oleksandrivsk, just west of Luhansk. One pro-Russian militant was wounded in the action. One Ukrainian serviceman died in hospital.

30 May

According to the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, there was an attempt to break through the Ukrainian national border from the Russian side in Stanytsia-Luhanske. On 29 May armed personnel started gathering not far from the checkpoint and set a number of barricades. All in all there were around 300 armed men surrounding the outpost. At 12:30 am, the armed men opened fire in the direction of the Ukrainian border guards. They were shooting assault rifles and grenade launchers. State border guards returned fire. One guard was injured by shrapnel. State border guards claimed that at the same time at least four ambulances were seen coming to the place from where the armed men opened fire.

Also, during the night state border guards said they captured three cars coming from Russian side. One of the vehicles was a Mercedes Vito. It was supposed to escort two GAZelle minivans that came to the border checkpoint some time later. All in all border guards found 27 AK-47 assault rifles, two pistols, four machine guns, five grenade launchers, five sniper rifles and 84 boxes with ammunition and grenades. There was also a woman among the passengers of one of the GAZelle minivans who had $10,000 with her. All in all border guards said they captured 13 people.

Another attack was organised from inside Ukrainian territory at a border post near Dyakovo (south of Antratsyt). Dozens of mortar shells were fired, wounding three. Russian Cossacks were involved in the assault.

Ukrainian officials stated that the UAV allegedly shot down in eastern Ukraine on 28 May was a Russian-made Orlan-10 drone.

31 May

Donetsk People's Republic chairman Denis Pushilin stated on 31 May that six rebels had been killed while trying to collect the bodies of their comrades, who had died in combat earlier this week near Donetsk airport. "They died trying to take back the Ukrainian airport, and our boys were trying to get their bodies out," Pushilin said. However, according to the Ukrainian military, armed separatists had launched two fresh assaults on servicemen guarding the airport territory. "There were two attempts to storm the Donetsk airport, at 5 [a.m.] and 7 o'clock in the morning. Illegal paramilitary forces attempted to seize the airport, but both attempts were repelled by paratroopers who are part of the counterterrorist forces," military press officer Oleksiy Dmytrashkovsky told Interfax-Ukraine.

According to rebel militiamen in Krasnyi Luch, two of their comrades have been killed during a confrontation with Ukrainian border forces; four wounded Ukrainian soldiers were brought to hospital.

An ammunition factory was seized by armed separatists in the district of Leninsky, Luhansk.

Armed militants captured ten security vehicles and abducted eight security guards from Severodonetsk airport. Seven of the guards were later released, after being interrogated about their alleged affiliation with the "Right Sector" party.

June

1 June

It was reported that since the start of the conflict the rebels had taken about 200 hostages and prisoners.

Former Mariupol's treasury secretary Alexander Fomenko was elected "people's mayor" by a pro-Russian crowd that gathered outside the local city council.

The offices of the Security Service of Ukraine at Torez were heavily damaged by an RPG attack.

2 June

Main article: Siege of the Luhansk Border Base

Insurgents have launched a large attack against a command center of the Ukrainian border guards (48°31′25″N 39°15′28″E) just south of Luhansk. Five militiamen were reported killed. Contact between the guards and their headquarters was lost after an agreed 20-minute truce ended. There were seven wounded among the Ukrainian forces. Russian media reported that between 10 to 15 border guards surrendered to pro-Russian militias, however the Ukrainian government claimed that jets destroyed the rebels' equipment and positions ending the attack.

The Ukrainian Air Force conducted an airstrike against rebel mortar positions in Luhansk Oblast, claiming two militants killed. An air strike on Luhansk RSA was also conducted killing eight civilians. Kiev auhorities claim that it was a misfired missile shot by separatists. According to the OSCE "these strikes were the result of non-guided rockets shot from an aircraft".

3 June

A Ukrainian convoy was attacked en route from Izyum to Sloviansk; one soldier was killed and thirteen wounded. An armoured personnel carrier was hit by an RPG. In Semenivka (south-east of Kramatorsk), the Ukrainian army has attacked separatist roadblocks. Heavy fighting and artillery fire were reported in that sector and around Krasnyi Lyman (north-east of Sloviansk). The Ukrainian commander of the operations in the east, Vladislav Seleznev, acknowledged the loss of two men around Sloviansk, and 42 wounded. He also reported two Mi-24 helicopters damaged in battle.

According to Ukrainian authorities, a pro-Russian camp was secured near Sievierodonetsk.

4 June

After intense fighting in the Luhansk area, the pro-Russian militiamen have taken the base of the Ukrainian border guard they were attacking since 2 June and a site of the National Guard. Ukrainian forces reportedly took control of Krasnyi Lyman. The separatists fell back to their stronghold near the village of Brusivka on the Sloviansk – Krasnyi Lyman road where they had a trench network and a number of bunkers in place.

The rebels have captured a Ukrainian border guard base in Chervonopartizansk, east of Sverdlovsk.

5 June

The Ukrainian government had lost control over 130 km of the border with Russia in Luhansk Oblast.

Ukrainian border guards claimed to have fended off a pro-Russian attack on the border outpost at Marynivka. They suffered five wounded, and claimed the destruction of three rebel trucks and an armoured personnel carrier. Ukraine claimed that the separatists withdrew into Russia after an airstrike carried out by the Ukrainian Air Force and the arrival of Ukrainian ground reinforcements.

The Ukrainian army deployed T-64 tanks around Sloviansk.

6 June

Separatist militias from Slaviansk shot down an An-30 surveillance plane with two shoulder-launched missiles. Ukrainian authorities initially claimed that the pilots survived, but they later reported that five crewmembers were killed in the action, and two others missing. A mortar attack on a Ukrainian checkpoint outside the city killed one soldier.

8 June

Rebels reportedly launched attacks against the airport of Luhansk.

9 June

An armed group attacked the Izvaryne border checkpoint.

Residential areas in Sloviansk have been hit by indirect fire between the Ukrainian army and the insurgents. Rockets and mortar shells were aimed at buildings used by separatists, though some apartments and homes have been struck during the confrontations. Some homes and buildings were partially destroyed, others completely destroyed beyond repair.

10 June

President Poroshenko announced the establishment of humanitarian corridors for civilians wanting to leave the war zones. The initiative met the demand that had been put forward by the Russian Federation's authorities.

12 June

According to Ukrainian authorities, three T-64BV tanks and other armoured vehicles and trucks crossed the border from Russian territory into the Dyakovo area. They were spotted later in Snizhne. The Ukrainian government later claimed that their forces destroyed some vehicles in the column, resulting in four Ukrainian soldiers being killed and 31 wounded. Ukrainian authorities said fightings in Stepanivka, south of Snizhne, ended in the death of 40 separatists.

13 June

Ukrainian officials claimed that their troops wrestled control of Mariupol from pro-Russian militias. They destroyed an armoured vehicle and captured about 30 prisoners.

A civilian security guard was killed and two other civilians injured when rebel forces launched 26 Grad rockets against a Ukrainian checkpoint in the town of Dobropillia.

Two Ukrainian paratroopers from Mykolayev were killed and 25 wounded after being ambushed by separatists in an area of Donetsk near the border with Russia.

Residents of Slaviansk claimed that white phosphorus incendiary bombs, which are banned by the UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, were dropped on the city.

Twenty militants armed with automatic weapons took over the Ukrainian Security Service building at Krasnodon.

A Ukrainian APC with 8 Ukrainian servicemen aboard violated the Russian border. The APC brokedown and another vehicle followed to retrieve the servicemen. This was not the first border incursion into Russia by the Ukrainian troops. Previously, Russian airspace was breached by the Ukrainian airforce.

14 June

Main article: Ukrainian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 shoot-down

Ukrainian officials stated that an Il-76 transport plane was shot down as it approached an airport in Luhansk, killing nine crewmembers and 40 troops on board. Residents said that Ukrainian forces launched air attacks on separatist positions in the vicinity a few hours later.

The press service of the Donetsk People's Republic stated that a Ukrainian Su-24 bomber was shot down near Horlivka.

Five Ukrainian border guards were killed and seven wounded near Mariupol after being ambushed by Donetsk militias.

The Ukrainian Air Force claimed the destruction of two rebel checkpoints in the Luhansk-Stanchino region. The city of Shchastya became under control of the Ukrainian army.

15 June

The day before Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko had declared 15 June a day of national mourning.

Two shops, the bus station, the hospital and several houses were damaged in Amvrosiivka when pro-Russian forces attacked Ukrainian army positions with a multiple rocket launcher. Ukrainian officials claimed that there was an indetermined number of victims, while the separatists reported that the town was actually shelled by Ukrainian troops, and three civilians were killed.

Donetsk militias announced the capture of eight Ukrainian paratroopers near Savur-Mohyla, south of Snizhne.

16 June

Ukraine's National Security and Defence Council chief Andriy Parubiy claimed that the pro-Russian forces were 15,000–20,000 strong and that more than half of them had arrived from Russia; "We are dealing with Russian occupiers and weapons and militants are being brought in". According to Parubiy, one of the "tasks" of the pro-Russian forces was "to provoke the maximum number of civilian casualties". The National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine ordered the government to carry a one-side demarcation of the Russia–Ukraine border "in terms of existing threats to national security".

The Commander of the Donbass People's Militia Igor Girkin stated to Komsomolskaya Pravda that the Donetsk's separatists would be overrun in a month if Russia would not give "urgent, decisive" military support; he also claimed "The most capable part of the militia are bleeding".

At evening, a fighter from the Ukrainian Air Force carried out an airstrike against a building held by militants in the city of Horlivka. According to the Donetsk regional administration press office "no people dead or injured were registered in local medical facilities following the military operation in Horlivka on June 16".

The Donetsk regional administration press office also claimed that six people died in clashes in Kramatorsk.

During the night, Ukrainian media claimed that pro-Russian troops from Luhansk shelled the town of Shchastya, claimed to be recently occupied by the Ukrainian army, with a Grad multiple rocket launcher.

17 June

Spokesman for the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council Volodymyr Chepovy claimed that Ukraine had conducted "a series of successful operations over the past 24 hours" to regain control over the Russia–Ukraine border in which "about 80 militants have been neutralized". He also announced that the National Guard had been deployed the day before "at the state border and in populated areas of Donetsk region".

Ukrainian army operation spokesman Vladyslav Selezniov claimed that "in the east of Luhansk region" a Ukrainian unit had killed and wounded 30 men from a "large convoy of militants".

A Ukrainian mortar attack killed two Russian reporters in the village of Metalist, Luhansk Oblast. It was later claimed that one of the victims had entered in Ukraine illegally. Four Ukrainian soldiers from the battalion "Aidar" also died during the clashes there.

Ukrainian Member of Parlament and former Minister of Defence General Oleksandr Kuzmuk reported that some 900 militants equipped with heavy armoured vehicles broke from Russia into Ukraine through an area that was defended only by 100 border guards. Two T-72 tanks manned by separatists were spotted in Donetsk, according to the Ukrainian National Security Council.

18 June

Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko proposed a 14-point peace plan that offered a truce followed by the decommissioning of arms, an amnesty to militants who hadn't committed serious crimes and safe passage out of the country for those willing to leave Ukraine, but only if the rebels would lay down their weapons first. The plan was swiftly rejected by the separatist authorities.

The US ambassador to the OSCE condemned the lack of Russian willingness to stop the flow of weapons and militants into eastern Ukraine.

During a battle which took place in the village of Shchastya, north of Luhansk, pro-Russian forces killed 18 Ukrainian soldiers, according to sources of the Ukrainian Ministry of Defence. Another ten remained missing. Due to the losses sustained in this engagement, the battalion "Aidar" ceased to exist as an effective fighting force.

Ukrainian army spokesman Vladislav Seleznev announced that a Ukrainian T-64B tank was hit and damaged by rebel forces around Slaviansk, where he claimed that several pro-Russian firing positions were cleared and a number of separatists killed or wounded.

19 June

A major battle began around the village of Yampil as the rebels who once were stationed at Krasnyi Lyman tried to break-out of a Ukrainian army encirclement and escape towards Siversk. It was reported that the fighting involved the use of armoured vehicles and tanks by both sides. According to rebel commander Igor "Strelkov" Girkin the army is using artillery, tanks, and ground attack aircraft; while a Ukrainian army serviceman stated; "There's a major battle going on which exceeds in terms of force and scale anything there has been up to now." Ukrainian spokesman stated that seven Ukrainian soldiers were killed and 30 wounded in fighting near Slaviansk. A spokesman for the militia in Donetsk stated that they downed a Ukrainian Air Force Su-25 during the battle in Yampil.

20 June

Ukraine's President Petro Poroshenko declared a seven-day ceasefire, in accordance with the previously announced 14-point peace plan.

Earlier, an armoured Russian column reportedly crossed the border and penetrated deep into the Donbass region, reaching as far as Horlivka. It included at least two T-64B tanks, five armoured personnel carriers and some Grad multiple rocket launchers. One armoured carrier was seized by Ukrainian troops, and the Ministry of Defence claimed that Russian documentation had been found accompanying the vehicle.

21 June

Despite the Ukrainian government unilateral ceasefire, break-outs of attacks and shelling continued in several locations, particularly on three border outposts in Donetsk and Luhansk. Some 80 Ukrainian border guards at Izvaryne were evicted from their post and fled across the border with Russia, six of them wounded. Two of the wounded suffered critical injures. The wounded were repatriated, but the rest of the Ukrainian personnel was held in custody and interrogated by Russian authorities. Ukrainian positions were also shelled at Kramatorsk, Mount Karanchun and Amvrosiivka. There were no Ukrainian casualties.

22 June

Pro-Russian militias in Luhansk claimed the destruction of a Ukrainian armoured column in the village of Milove, right on the border between Russia and Ukraine. The separatists said they destroyed two tanks and captured several armoured vehicles.

According to the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, five tanks, seven armoured vehicles and a number of Kamaz and Ural trucks were spotted in the town of Dmytrivka, Donetsk Oblast. The vehicles were manned by 140 men, some of them Russian citizens. They claimed that the equipment was moved in from Crimea.

23 June

Representatives of the republics of Donetsk and Luhansk reached an agreement with Ukrainian and Russian negotiators to declare a bilateral ceasefire until 27 June.

Pro-Russian militias besieging Luhansk airport, which was held by Ukrainian troops, were ready for the assault of the facilities.

24 June

Vladimir Putin formally took Russian military intervention in eastern Ukraine off the table as separatist leaders agreed to a ceasefire, proposed by Kiev, in the region. He warned, however, that his decision doesn't mean that Russia will not defend ethnic Russians living in Ukraine and pro-Russian Ukrainians.

The Ukrainian military says one of its helicopters, a Mi-8, has been shot down by pro-Russian rebels in the east near Sloviansk, killing all nine people on board, while two other soldiers were killed and four wounded during the rebel shelling of a checkpoint in the same area. Donetsk People's Republic Prime Minister, Alexander Borodai, accused the Ukrainian central government of continuing hostilities by shelling Sloviansk, Snizhne and Semeniivka, where five people were killed. Ukrainian president Poroshenko said that one Ukrainian soldier was killed and seven wounded in eastern Ukraine the night before.

The Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic inform the OSCE that Viktor Medvedchuk was appointed their representative in the negotiations with the Ukrainian Government.

Donetsk People's Republic's leader Alexander Borodai announces on Twitter that the parliaments of Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic approved the merging of the two states.

25 June

Ukrainian president Poroshenko reported to the leaders of Germany, France and Russia that pro-Russian rebels killed 18 people and wounded 27 since the beginning of the truce.

Ten Ukrainian paratroopers were wounded when militants shelled the village of Dibrovka, Donetsk Oblast.

Another armoured column from Russia crossed into Ukraine through the border outpost of Izvarino. The convoy was composed of two tanks, five trucks and several armoured vehicles.

26 June

A Ukrainian National Guard base in Donetsk was overrun by pro-Russian forces, led by a self-styled military unit named "Kalmius". The besieged barracks were captured after a seven-hour long battle and three consecutive assaults, which involved the use of mortars and armoured personnel carriers by the separatists. The Ukrainian commander was taken prisoner.

A large rebel armoured column, composed of eight tanks, as well as mortars, attacked a Ukrainian checkpoint near Kramatorsk, killing four soldiers and wounding five. They also destroyed four Ukrainian armoured vehicles. Ukraine claimed that one rebel tank was destroyed and one was captured by the Ukrainian military. A pro-Russian tank rammed a roadblock, forcing the soldiers manning it to disperse. Ukraine claimed that another pro-Russian tank was hit by an RPG.

27 June

The ceasefire, for which the parties have come to an agreement on 23 June, has been extended till 19:00 GMT 30 June. Aleksander Boroday supported the ceasefire but people governor Pavel Gubarev and commander in chief Igor Girkin vehemently opposed to it.

At early morning, the Ukrainian Army base at Artemivsk was shattered during a rebel tank assault. There were no Ukrainian casualties, but the facilities were left in ruins. Ukraine claimed that a T-64B tank from the Russian army was captured by Ukrainian forces.

The United Nations refugee agency has found that over 110,000 Ukrainians have fled to Russia, and that tens of thousands more are internally displaced. Of those that fled, about 9,600 have filed for asylum.

The Gukovo border crossing, the nearby village of Vasetskiy and mining facilities in Russian territory were hit by several artillery shells fired by the Ukrainian army. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has sent a protest note due to the shelling and violations, and called for these constant provocations to stop.

28 June

Three Ukrainian soldiers were killed and four wounded when their checkpoint on the outskirts of Sloviansk was attacked by pro-Russian forces with small arms and mortar fire. Two Ukrainian soldiers were killed and eight were wounded when rebel forces ambushed a resupply convoy in the region of Luhansk.

Four remaining OSCE observers who had been held captive since 29 May have been set free.

29 June

Ukrainian paratroopers shot down a Russian-made surveillance micro UAV ZALA 421-08 in Luhansk Oblast, near the border with Russia.

A Ukrainian military base in Donetsk was partially occupied by pro-Russian militias following a rocket and mortar attack in the morning. A number of soldiers were taken prisoner after the assault, but Ukranian personnel still hold the canteen and the parade ground.

Pro-Russian forces shelled Ukrainian positions in Mount Karachun using tanks and mortars.

30 June

During a trip organised by pro-Russia rebels, a cameraman for the Russian Channel 1 news service, Anatoly Klyan, died after being fatally shot in the stomach when his crew came under fire near Avdiivka, north of Donetsk. He was the 3rd journalist to be killed in the conflict. Meanwhile, in Kiev, Poroshenko held a 2-hour call with Putin, Merkel and Hollande about his peace plan; Putin gave permission for OSCE military observers to operate on the Ukraine-Russia border but also wanted to discuss the extension of the truce.

Afterwards Poroshenko met with his security chiefs about the extension of the truce, but the council recommended ending it. Just before midnight the ATO officially resumed after the presidential portal made the following statement: "We will attack and liberate our land. Not renewing the cease-fire is our response to terrorists, militants, looters, all of those who are tormenting the local population, paralyzing the region's economy, preventing payment of salaries, pensions and grants, blowing up the railway, destroying water pipes, depriving people of normal peaceful life." The Wall Street Journal also report a substantial quantity of tanks, armoured personnel carriers and multiple rocket launchers moving from Izyum towards Slavyansk and troops appearing to be gearing up for a large scale offensive against the rebels.

Earlier, one Ukrainian soldier was killed and two wounded by separatists in Kriva Luka, near Krasny Liman, Donetsk Oblast. Two civilians also died in Slavyansk in the early morning when their apartment was struck with an ordinance during a battle between government and rebel forces.

July

1 July

The Ukrainian military renewed their attack to drive out pro-Russian rebels in the early morning, staging large-scale ground and air assaults in the east Ukraine throughout the day. The Ukrainian military conducted heavy artillery barrages on the rebel-controlled city of Slovyansk. The villages of Stary-Karavan and Brusivka, south of Krasnyi Lyman, were brought back under government control.

South-west of Slovyansk, near Andriivka, the television tower on Mount Karachun collapsed after rebel forces shelled Ukrainian positions nearby.

According to the Health Department of the Donetsk Regional State Administration, four civilians were killed and five wounded in a minibus when shells hit the rebel-held town of Kramatorsk in Donetsk region. Meanwhile, pro-Russian media reported that around 15 civilians were killed today in Kramatorsk.

Ukrainian authorities claimed to have won back control of the Dolzhanskyi border crossing (south of Sverdlovsk). A policeman was reported killed in the city of Donetsk when separatist fighters tried to seize the interior ministry's regional headquarters, and a tank battle between rebels and government forces was reported near the town of Karlivka. In Mar'inka, Donetsk Oblast, and Metalist, Luhansk Oblast, Ukrainian forces shelled a number of pro-Russian checkpoints.

One Ukrainian soldier was killed and 17 wounded in the fighting. A Ukrainian Su-25 was damaged by rebel fire.

2 July

A Ukrainian Su-25 crashed during landing approach due to a mechanical failure. No airport structures were damaged. The pilot ejected and survived. Another Ukrainian aircraft, a Su-24, was hit by a shoulder-launched surface-to-air missile. The pilot managed to fly the fighter 300 km with a crippled engine before landing safely.

North-east of Luhansk, the towns of Stanytsia Luhanska and Mykolaivka were badly hit; nine civilians were killed. The Ukrainian authorities said the bloodshed happened when rebel forces launched rockets from a Grad rocket launcher; the Grad was later seized by government forces. A resident of the Kondrashovka locality (part of Stanytsia Luhanska) said that an aircraft first targeted an insurgent position nearby, but that its second strike hit the village. The deputy commander of a Ukrainian battalion said the place may have been hit both by the aircraft and by shelling from outside. Heavy fighting was reported in and near the village of Metalist, north of the city of Luhansk. Tank and artillery fire was also reported in the nearby neighbourhood of Kambrod.

Fighting was reported in the area of the Izvaryne border post, with Ukrainian units being shelled and one of their armoured vehicles destroyed by a mine.

Ukrainian forces pounded rebel positions in Donetsk Oblast with self-propelled 152mm howitzers.

Five Ukrainian soldiers died by the end of the day with another 21 wounded.

3 July

According to Ukrainian sources about 300 rebels tried to cross the Russian border to return home. Russian border guards opened fire at them from all weapons. Another Russian border post in Novoshahtinks was damaged by rockets fired from Ukraine. This was the second incident of this kind in Novoshahtinsk since 20 June.

One civilian died and another suffered major injuries after stepping on a landmine outside Luhansk airport.

The Ukrainian army regained control of Raihorodok and Rai-Oleksandrivka (north-east and east of Slovyansk) as well as Zakitne and Riznykivka (west and south-west of Siversk).

The Ukrainian army claimed that its forces surrounded the town of Mykolaivka, Donetsk Oblast, and that six rebel fighting positions were destroyed by a combination of artillery and airstrikes. According to the Ukrainian claims, 150 pro-Russian militants lost their lives during aerial and artillery bombardment, while two Ukrainian soldiers were killed and four wounded.

Three road policemen died and another suffered major injuries when two unidentified armed men opened fire on them during a traffic stop.

4 July

The Ukrainian army reported 13 killed and nine wounded in separate incidents across the fighting in Eastern Ukraine.

A column of three tanks, three "Grad" MRLS and several armoured vehicles was spotted near the border with Russia in the region of Luhansk, in an area controlled by rebel troops.

Minister of Internal Affairs Arsen Avakov wrote on his Facebook page that Mykolaivka is completely under control of governmental forces.

Members of the Ukrainian battalion "Donetsk" launched a raid on the seat of the local prosecutor in Artemivsk, occupied by pro-Russian forces. Two armoured personnel carriers fired on the building during 20 minutes, destroying a civilian type vehicle and causing some damage. The armoured vehicles later retreated toward the Kharkiv-Rostov highway.

According to operational data from Information Resistance, as of 4 July 2014, there were numerous Russian troop formations located near the state border of Ukraine.

5 July

Main articles: Siege of Sloviansk and Kramatorsk standoff

Pro-Russian forces launched a "Grad" multiple rocket attack on Luhansk airport. Meanwhile, Ukrainian authorities announced the death in action of seven servicemen in the village of Novoselovka, Donetsk Oblast. Other six were injured.

Pro-Russian forces abandoned the town of Sloviansk and retreated towards Kramatorsk in the face of a Ukrainian army encirclement. The Ukrainian flag was hoisted over the city council building. In a message, that was read out next day in Donetsk, rebel commander Igor Strelkov stated that the retreat was necessary for the purposes of achieving the final goal – to drive Kiev's armies from the east before marching on the capital itself.

An armed group in two vessels and several small craft landed near the town of Sjedove, on the Azov Sea shore, and destroyed a Ukrainian border post and radar station with RPG, mortar and small arms fire. One Ukrainian guard was killed and eight wounded.

The Ukrainian flag was hoisted over the city council building of Kramatorsk. The bulk of pro-Russian forces fell back to Horlivka.

The separatists also left Druzhkivka and Kostyantynivka.

6 July

Ukrainian authorities announced they have regained control of Artemivsk.

Separatist sources from the Republic of Donetsk claimed that a Ukrainian T-64 was knocked down by pro-Russian tanks during a battle in Dmytrivka, near the border with Russia.

There were reports of fighting in the villages of Piski and Karlivka.

In Donetsk city, militiamen attacked the state prison guard headquarters in an attempt to seize weapons.

7 July

With the bulk of pro-Russian forces fallen back to Donetsk, including the former defenders of Sloviansk, the rebels began to fortify the city and prepare for a stand against the advancing Ukrainian military.

Six pro-Russian tanks and one armoured fighting vehicle attacked Luhansk airport, held by Ukrainian forces. The Ukrainians responded with mortar fire.

One Ukrainian border guard was wounded after a mortar attack on Biryukovo checkpoint, south of Sverdlovsk, Luhansk Oblast.

Nine Ukrainian border guards were killed and 112 wounded defending the Russian-Ukrainian border from pro-Russian forces since the beginning of the military operations.

At least three bridges were destroyed by rebel forces. All the bridges lead into Donetsk city. One of the destroyed railroad bridges was over a highway. The highway was now also blocked.

Deputy secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine Mykhailo Koval declares that "all along its perimeter the Russian-Ukrainian border is under the tight control of the Ukrainian Armed Forces and State Border Service".

8 July

Separatist units assumed control of Popasna.

9 July

The Chief of Staff of the Ukrainian territorial battalion "Carpatia", Yuri Baran, was killed by a pro-Russian sniper during military operations near the town of Amvrosiivka.

Pro-Russian forces continued to besiege Luhansk airport. The facilities were shelled using four tanks and two "Grad" rocket launchers. Ukrainian sources claimed that two tanks and one "Grad" system were destroyed in the course of an air strike.

The Ukrainian border checkpoint at Dolzhansky, Luhansk Oblast, was destroyed after two days of heavy mortar fire. The facilities were hit by more than 200 mortar rounds.

Three Ukrainian soldiers were killed and 27 were wounded in the Donbass region during the last 24 hours. Two Ukrainian soldiers were killed and a journalist lightly injured near Luhansk when their position was pounded by pro-Russian forces with mortar fire. Another soldier died in Muratova, Luhansk Oblast, when the convoy where he was riding on was ambushed by pro-Russian militias. Three others were injured.

10 July

Ukrainian troops took control of the town of Siversk. They have also recovered the border checkpoint of Chervonopartyzansk, east of Sverdlovsk. In the area of the Dolzhansky border post, four Ukrainian soldiers were killed when their armoured personnel carrier struck a landmine.

The fighting continues at Donetsk International Airport, held by Ukrainian army. Separatist sources claimed to have beaten off a Ukrainian offensive involving tanks in Karlivka, northwest of Donetsk city. According to them, the Ukrainian army withdrew 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) towards the village of Halytsynivka. Earlier, the commander of the battalion "Donbass", Semen Sementchenko, reported that his troops had destroyed a number of bunkers and sangars in Karlivka, killing "25 militiamen" for the loss of one soldier killed by sniper fire. A town near Sievierodonetsk and the city of Luhansk were shelled by the Ukrainian army. Separatists responded with counter-battery artillery fire.

11 July

Ukrainian forces have retaken the border post of Izvarine, east of Krasnodon.

Pro-Russian forces attacked a concentration of Ukrainian troops with "Grad" rockets, inflicted heavy damage and casualties to two motorised army brigades at Zelenopyllia, Luhansk Oblast, south of Rovenky. At least 19 Ukrainian soldiers were reported killed, and around 100 other wounded. Fighting was still ongoing by evening. It was later claimed that the rocket system used in the attack was the newer 9A52-4 "Tornado". Four other Ukrainian servicemen were killed near the Dolzhanskyi border post.

Ukrainian forces replied to that shelling by launching strikes against separatist groups in the areas of Perevalsk, Gomolsky, Dzerzhinsk, Izvarine.

An armoured convoy of six tanks, six armoured vehicles, two "Grad" systems and eight "Kamaz" trucks crossed through the Luhansk city centre, according to eyewitnesses.

A Russian-made unmanned aerial vehicle was shot down by Ukrainian troops.

12 July

In the early morning hours, pro-Russian forces attacked the Ukrainian army with "Grad" rockets and mortar fire in several locations in Donetsk and Luhansk, killing seven Ukrainian servicemen and wounding 33. Later, two Ukrainian soldiers were killed in action at Alexandrovka, Luhansk Oblast.

Fierce fighting erupted around the village of Marinka, southwest of Donetsk city. Six people were killed and four wounded. Elsewhere in Donetsk, six other people died and eight were injured at late evening in the Petrovsky neighbourhood.

The Ukrainian Air Force claimed to have destroyed 14 enemy vehicles in the last 24 hours.

Pro-Russian tanks attacked Luhansk international airport.

A large column of armoured vehicles crossed into Ukraine from Russia through the area of Krasnodon, Luhansk Oblast.

13 July

Main article: Shelling of Donetsk, Russia

Three artillery shells hit the Russian town of Donetsk, which is only 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) away from the border. One civilian died, and two were seriously injured. An investigation in to the matter is ongoing. The Russian Foreign Ministry warned of "irreversible consequences, the responsibility of which lies on the Ukrainian side", calling the shelling "an aggressive action".

Ukrainian army broke through the pro-Russian lines around Luhansk with the village of Sabivka being taken, and battles taking place into the villages of Heorhiivka and Rozkishne. The Ukrainian army used 70 tanks in this assault according to rebel commander Igor "Strelkov" Girkin, who claimed that his troops repulsed the offensive. Late in the evening, the Ukrainian government claimed that its troops had reached Luhansk airport and broken its encirclement.

14 July

Fighting over Luhansk airfield has intensified, with both sides claiming that the airport is under their control. Ukrainian officials claim that their army has retaken several villages around Luhansk, while the rebels claim that a Ukrainian armoured column was destroyed near the airport.

A Ukrainian An-26 transport aircraft was shot down by a surface-to-air missile over eastern Ukraine while flying at 6,500 metres (21,300 ft). The Ukrainian defence minister claimed that the altitude is far from the reach of a shoulder-launched missile, suggesting that the aircraft was downed by Russian forces. Two crewmembers were captured by pro-Russian militiamen, four were rescued by Ukrainian forces and the other two were unaccounted for. The missing aviators were found dead on 17 July.

Pro-Russian forces carried out a mortar attack on Donetsk airport.

15 July

The town of Snizhne in Donetsk Oblast was attacked with rockets by an unidentified aircraft, leaving at least eleven people dead.

Six Ukrainian soldiers were killed fighting the rebels in several locations along the border with Russia.

Two Ukrainian soldiers were killed and eight wounded when the village of Amvrosiivka was hit by several "Grad" rockets.

16 July

Separatist forces broke the Ukrainian army encirclement around the town of Stepanivka and launched an offensive supported by tanks, anti-tank missiles and mortar fire in the area of Marynivka, south of Snizhne. In Stepanivka, the attack was led by three tanks which assaulted the positions of a Ukrainian armoured brigade. Three Ukrainian soldiers were wounded, and the village of Marynivka suffered heavy damage. Pro-Russian sources claimed that two Ukrainian armoured vehicles were destroyed and another one captured by the rebels.

Near the village of Dmytrivka, Ukrainian 152mm howitzers, supported by mortar fire, stopped another pro-Russian assault.

A Ukrainian Su-25 fighter was shot down over eastern Ukraine by a Russian Air Force Su-27, according to the spokesman of Ukraine's National Security Council, Andrei Lysenko. The pilot ejected successfully. Another Su-25 was hit and damaged by a shoulder-launched surface-to-air missile.

Eyewitnesses reported that three salvos from a "Grad" multiple rocket launcher were fired from the Russian town of Gukovo into Ukrainian territory.

The Ukrainian army transferred 15 wounded soldiers from the 72nd armoured brigade (misreport of 72nd Guards Mechanized Brigade?) to Gukovo, Russia, for medical assistance. The brigade, surrounded by rebel forces in the border town of Chervonopartizansk, had no chance of evacuating the men to Ukrainian hospitals. Other two Ukrainian servicemen from the National Guard were rescued with severe injuries by members of the Russian Federal Security Service in the border area of Kuybyshevsky District, Rostov Oblast. One guard died later from his wounds, while four of the soldiers were in critical condition. All the Ukrainian personnel was put under arrest.

Also on the border, the outpost of Izvarine was "cleared of Ukrainian troops", according to the self-proclaimed Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Donetsk, Igor Strelkov. There were reports of more than 200 fatalities among the Ukrainian forces in this area of the border. Andrei Lysenko acknowledge that "there was not possible" to establish the real number of victims at the moment.

Eleven Ukrainian soldiers were killed in battle with rebel forces.

17 July

In Donetsk Oblast, north of Torez, near the Russian border, Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17, flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur with 283 passengers and 15 crew members on board, was hit by a surface to air missile at an altitude of 10,000 metres (33,000 ft) and crashed. Both the Ukrainian military and the opposition have stated that they are not responsible for the incident. The White House confirmed that the United States is investigating what happened and that it is believed the plane involved was a Boeing 777. Malaysian Deputy Foreign Minister Hamzah Zainuddin said that the foreign ministry would be working closely with the Russian and Ukrainian governments regarding the incident.

Five Ukrainian soldiers were killed and eleven wounded during military operations in eastern Ukraine.

Russian authorities reported that 20 artillery shells fired from Ukraine landed near the border checkpoint of Kuybyshevo, five of them without exploding.

18 July

Donetsk rebels have reportedly found the black box of flight MH17 and "are most likely to hand it over to the [Russian] Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC)". Ukrainian Minister of Foreign Affairs Pavlo Klimkin said in an interview to Hromadske.TV that the black boxes are on Ukrainian territory and shall be handed over to a governmental commission.

Fighting in Popasna left two Ukrainian soldiers killed and six wounded.

Luhansk's local government reported 20 civilians killed after heavy shelling on the city.

After being fired at from Ukraine, Russian troops in the area of Kuybyshevo responded with artillery fire against Ukrainian positions in Marynivka.

There were 19 attacks on different Ukrainian checkpoints along eastern Ukraine.

The Ukrainian Minister of Defence claimed that the Ukrainian army took control of the south-eastern outskirts of Luhansk city.

19 July

Luhansk's residents denied the Minister of Defence report about Ukrainian troops entering into the southeastern neighbourhoods of the city.

Acting President of Regional Luhansk Administration, Iryna Vergina, reported that a convoy of 15 armoured vehicles entered Luhansk city from Russia before dawn.

One of the crewmembers of the An-26 shootdown on 14 July was rescued by Ukrainian forces in Luhansk Oblast.

Five Ukrainian soldiers were killed in action and 20 wounded in the last 24 hours.

Fierce fighting involving tanks, mortar fire and "Grad" rockets was reported around Luhansk's airport during the morning. The Ukrainian army claimed that its forces opened a corridor between the frontline and the airfield. The fighting extended to the west, to the village of Heorhiyivka.

Three "Grad" rocket launchers fired into Ukraine's territory from the Russian area of Novaya Nadezhda, Rostov Oblast.

20 July

Ukrainian forces have launched an operation to regain control of Rubizhne which they apparently captured by evening according to the presidential office, meanwhile Sievierodonetsk is surrounded. Fierce clashes also took place south of Rubizhne on the outskirts of Lysychansk and around Popasna.

Eight Ukrainian servicemen were killed and 50 wounded in operations in eastern Ukraine.

Ukrainian military sources on the ground reported that they have suffered four dead and 15 wounded inside Luhansk airport, which was still surrounded by pro-Russian forces. An early attempt to reach a relief column from the Ukrainian National Guard was thwarted by a rebel ambush, which resulted in the death of a soldier and injuries in seven others.

21 July

The Ukrainian army has reclaimed Dzerzhynsk over the separatists and entered Soledar.

Heavy battles occurred on the western outskirts of Donetsk with shooting and shelling reaching as far as the Donetsk train station, as a result five civilians died and twelve were wounded, and Ukraine claims that the western suburb of Pisky fell under Ukrainian control. According to military sources on the ground, the situation of the Ukrainian troops at the Avdiivka garrison, north of the besieged airport (48 05 55N 37 45 14E), became critical after the rebels carried out an intense bombardment with tanks, mortars and "Grad" rockets.

Twenty-three rebels were taken prisoner by the Ukrainian Army as they tried to flee the besieged city of Lysychansk .

The head of a non-governmental organisation claimed that a relief force evacuated the wounded and replenished the Ukrainian troops defending Luhansk airport. He also reported that the army took control of the village of Heorhiivka.

22 July

Sievierodonetsk has been taken by the Ukrainian national guard. During their retreat, the rebels blew up the bridge over the river Borovaya, which divides Severodonetsk from Lysychansk. Most militiamen have also left Lysychansk, like the minister of Defense for LNR Alexey Mozgovoy and the Kazak Chieftain Kizitsin who fled through the village of Bila Hora before the Army ring completely closed around the city, but other fighters chose to stand in the city till whatever end.

Pro-Russian militants blew up a railroad bridge on the Sentyanivka-Shypilov railway.

Ukrainian soldiers have driven separatists out of Popasna.

Thirteen Ukrainian soldiers were killed during the last 24 hours in the operational area. Three of them died when a van bomb exploded at a checkpoint in Kamyenka, Donetsk Oblast.

Luhansk airport was again attacked with "Grad" rockets, and Ukrainian troops in the town of Metalist were pounded by mortar fire. Ukrainian forces recovered the nearby town of Lutuhyne.

An armoured carrier and a tank belonging to the rebels were knocked down in the area of Marynivka, Donetsk Oblast. Igor Strelkov claimed that pro-Russian armoured and infantry units took over the villages of Chervona Zorya and Kozhevnya, along the border with Russia south of the Ukrainian-held town of Marynivka. This manoeuvre left the Ukrainian garrison surrounded from three sides. The Russian border checkpoint at Primiusskiy was evacuated after three artillery shells fired from Ukraine exploded nearby.

In Stakhanov a rally was held to demanded that pro-Russian separatists leave the town.

Ukraine will undergo a partial mobilisation of its 1,000,000 reserve force to create 15 additional combat units and 44 sustainment units to reinforce the forces that are already fighting in the Donbass.

23 July

Two Ukrainian Air Force Su-25 fighters were shot down in the rebel-held area of Savur-Mohyla. Ukrainian authorities claimed that they were hit by long-range antiaircraft missiles launched from Russia.

Source states that rebel forces retreated from the villages of Karlivka, Netailove and Pervomaiske, leaving the west road to Donetsk airport opened to Ukrainian forces. Avdiivka, to the northwest, remained in pro-Russian hands. According to source, separatist leader Igor Strelkov stated that the move was made to reinforce the inner defences of Donetsk city. Pro-Russian sources also acknowledge that the Ukrainian army attacked the border villages of Chervona Zorya and Kozhevnya, occupied by the insurgents. The rebels lost two tanks and two armoured vehicles. Eventually, the rebel units withdrew from the two locations. Meanwhile, the separatists claimed they had stormed and took control of the nearby town of Dibrivka, and that the Ukrainian garrison entrenched themselves inside WWII bunkers built on high ground.

A Colonel from the Ukrainian National Guard was killed by the rebels when his troops were ambushed at Lysychansk while trying to take the city from pro-Russian forces.

Ukrainian troops claimed to have shot down a Russian unmanned aerial vehicle near the town of Amvrosiivka.

The International Committee of the Red Cross formally declared the conflict in the Donbass region to be a "war", allowing for future war crimes investigations.

24 July

The Ukrainian government claimed that its forces entered Lysychansk and that after heavy fighting they began to round up the remaining separatists into custody. Late in the evening, Semen Semenchenko, the commander of Donbass Battalion claimed on his Facebook page that his forces and elements of the 24th Mechanised Brigade reached the city hall and raised the Ukrainian flag. During these operations, Ukrainian units also claimed to have taken the village of Verkhnokamyanka west of Lysychansk.

Four Ukrainian servicemen were killed and 35 wounded in eastern Ukraine overnight.

Vice News journalist Simon Ostrovsky posted that Slavyansk police started to exhume the bodies of those who were killed by pro-Russian separatist from a mass grave.

Two pro-Russian tanks fired at the Ukrainian garrison besieged in Luhansk airport.

The Ukrainian government claimed the Ukrainian 79th Airmobile Brigade, besieged in Marynivka since 15 July, was partially relieved. Ukrainian government claimed that more than 75 casualties were evacuated from the front line.

U.S. Department of Defense spokesman Col. Steve Warren said that "there is no question" that the Russian Ground Forces were firing artillery at Ukrainian military targets through the common border in the last several days. Earlier, U.S. State Department spokeswoman Marie Harf declared that Russia was stepping up its delivery of weapons to pro-Russian rebels.

The Ukrainian Prime Minister, Arseniy Yatsenyuk, resigned after his new tax to support the military was rejected by a parliamentary majority.

25 July

Thirteen Ukrainian soldiers were killed and 19 wounded in action during the last 24 hours. Nine armoured vehicles and pieces of artillery were also lost in the same period.

Sources from the Luhansk republic claimed that the Ukrainian garrison at Heorhiivka was virtually destroyed by artillery fire, which knocked down a tank and an armoured carrier and injured 30 Ukrainian servicemen. The same sources announced that a Ukrainian armoured column was ambushed at Bakhmutivka, 20 km northwest of Shchastia. They claimed two tanks and two armoured carriers destroyed. More than 100 Ukrainian soldiers were allegedly wounded.

26 July

Four Ukrainian soldiers were killed and 20 wounded overnight in the course of the operations in the Donbass region.

In Dyakove, between Antratsyt and the Russian border, members of the 79th airmobile brigade are confronted for a second day to continuous shelling (mortars and Grad rocket launchers combined) and attacks by separatist forces. Wives and mothers of the soldiers staged a protest on the bridge of Nikolaev to demand to the government the opening of a corridor to evacuate the troops.

Pro-Russian sources claimed that the militias of the Donetsk republic took control of the border checkpoint of Marynivka after several hours of fierce fighting. To the request of the Ukrainian government, the Russian border service opened a corridor to evacuate Ukrainian casualties through the region of Rostov.

The Ukrainian 24th armoured brigade, surrounded by pro-Russian forces at the border outpost of Dolzhansky, lost all its heavy equipment and vehicles and suffered more than 100 casualties after days of being pounded by howitzer and "Grad" fire.

The commander of the battalion "Donbass", Semen Semenchenko, claimed that Ukrainian troops reached Pervomaisk, where they were confronted by around 1,000 militiamen from Stakhanov and Alchevsk.

Ukrainian reports claim that Ukrainian forces from Svetlodarsk entered Debaltseve with the support of artillery fire and armoured vehicles.

27 July

Ukrainian forces launched an unexpected offensive against the separatist territory, claiming to have regained control of Shakhtarsk and entered Torez. According to Russian sources, there were street battles at evening in Shakhtarsk, where local residents reported that the Ukrainian National Guard took control of Postnikov mine, mine nº 12 and its parking lot. The fighting prevented a Dutch policemen team to reach the area where Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17 crashed on 17 July.

Ukrainian sources claim that a military convoy from Russia, composed of 19 tanks, six armoured carriers and four "Grad" systems passed through the town of Krasny Luch.

Heavy shelling from the village of Chernikov in Russia killed four Ukrainian servicemen and wounded two in the Ukrainian border checkpoint of Dolzhansky.

Ukrainian Minister of Defence Valeriy Geletey acknowledged that 41 Ukrainian soldiers from the 51st armoured brigade deserted from their besieged border outpost and sought shelter into Russian territory. Geletey also announced a successful resupply mission to the 79th and 72nd airborne brigades.

Rebel forces fired on Luhansk airport using three "Grad" launchers.

Twenty-three members of the "Aidar" battalion were killed battling with pro-Russian forces in and around the town of Lutuhyne, west of Luhansk city.

The U.S. State Department produced satellite photos proving that Russian artillery had fired on Ukrainian territory.
The photo for 21 July shows the marks left by separatist multiple rocket launchers (47°49′48″N 38°47′21″E and 47°52′07″N 38°47′49″E) near Hryhorivka with impacts on Ukrainian positions (47°54′23″N 38°51′22″E and 47°54′27″N 38°53′52″E) in Marynivka.
The picture for 23 July views self-propelled artillery (47°47′43″N 39°03′21″E) south-west of Nova Nadezhda in Russia and a shelled Ukrainian unit (47°54′55″N 39°05′06″E) east of Dibrivka .
The image for 25/26 July shows blast marks of multiple rocket launchers (47°49′14″N 38°59′52″E) also south-west of Nova Nadezhda in Russia and impacts (47°53′02″N 39°09′09″E) on Ukrainian forces south-east of Dibrivka. Later Ukrainian SBU released more detailed phothos but mil.ru slide by slide show they origin and dates (and on some content) were doctored.

28 July

The Ukrainian government claimed that its forces had retaken Debaltseve and the hill of Savur-Mohyla, south of Torez. Pro-Russian officials strongly denied the claims.

The Ukrainian border checkpoint at Krasnaya Talovka, Luhansk oblast, was shelled from Russian territory. The attack wrecked the control tower and the building's main office. Two guards were wounded and four killed.

The commander of the 79th Ukrainian airborne brigade reported that 54 paratroopers from the unit have deserted up to 27 July.

Pro-Russian forces attacked Ukrainian positions at Dyakovo from nearby woods, killing two paratroopers and injuring seven.

The Twitter account of President Poroshenko claimed that Ukrainian troops took control of the village of Stepanivka. He also announced the release of the pilot of a Su-25 shotdown by the insurgents. Ukrainian media claimed that Ukrainian soldiers broke through rebel lines in the village of Avdiivka, northwest of Donetsk city.

Eight Ukrainian servicemen, wounded in action, were rescued by the Russian border service near Kujbyshevo and evacuated to Ukraine through the humanitarian corridor established on 26 July.

29 July

CNN reported, citing US officials, that the Ukrainian army fired three OTR-21 Tochka tactical ballistic missiles at pro-Russian militias near the town of Snizhne during the past 48 hours.

Russian airforce's aircraft repeatedly overflew Ukrainian territory, including the rebel-held city of Luhansk.

Ukraine's "Aidar" battalion claimed to have taken control of the town of Noviy Svet, south of Donetsk city.

Ten Ukrainian soldiers were killed and 55 wounded during the last 24 hours of operations.

Twenty-one soldiers from the 24th armoured brigade, who had been evacuated through the Russian region of Kuibyshev after enduring heavy "Grad" rocket attacks, arrived in Zaporozhie, home of the brigade's headquarters. Several of them suffered from shell shock.

30 July

Ukrainian authorities stated that they had recovered Avdiivka just northwest of Donetsk city.

The separatists continued their efforts to recover the strategic hill of Savur-Mohyla. Ukrainian soldiers said that two rebel trucks and a tank were destroyed during the clashes. The Ukrainian government claimed that the militias' siege on the 72nd airborne brigade has been lifted.

The Ukrainian State Border Service said that seven tanks from Russia crossed into Ukraine through the Russian village of Novaya Nadezhda. They headed toward the town of Dibrivka, Donetsk Oblast.

31 July

Ukrainian sources acknowledged that Savur-Mohyla changed hands several times in the last days. They also claimed that Russian forces would cross the border under the pretense of being "peacekeeping troops".

Rebel forces left the village of Marynivka and Stepanivka.

A Ukrainian military spokesman asserted that 11 Ukrainian soldiers were killed, 51 wounded in the last 24 hours of operations.

Members of the Ukrainian "Luhansk" said that they killed 15 militants and captured a significant number of them during clashes in the city of Severodonetsk.

Twenty-one Ukrainian paratroopers were killed at Shakhtarsk in the course of a heavy rocket attack, according to Ukrainian media. Later reports tell of a pro-Russian militias' ambush using mortar and tanks against an armoured column, giving the figure of 11 dead, 10 missing and 13 wounded. Rebel sources claimed that they took 13 prisoners.

Out session Ukrainian parliament vote: the explanatory note to the draft law No. 4309a to rise till 2015 war tax.

August

1 August

The Ukrainian army withdrew its troops from several areas along the border with Russia, like Dovzhansky, Izvaryne and Chervonopartyzansk, where the daily shelling and "Grad" rocket fire made their positions untenable. The 79th and 72th airborne brigades, deployed around Dyakovo, were among the retreating units.

Ukrainian forces reportedly drove separatists from the towns of Krasnohorivka and Staromykhailivka west of Donetsk and from the village of Kontarne north-east of Shakhtarsk.

Ukrainian authorities said that new military equipments have been sent from Russia to rebel forces using a pontoon over the Donets river in Popivka and Sukhodil north-east of Krasnodon.

A Ukrainian unmanned aerial vehicle in a surveillance mission was shot down by rebel forces using a surface to air missile.

Separatist sources claimed that pro-Russian militants wrestled control of Savur-Mohyla from Ukrainian troops.

2 August

The Ukrainian Air Force intercepted two Russian MiG-29 fighters that overflew the Ukrainian airspace. According to Ukrainian officials, the MiGs returned to their base at Taganrog after a 45-minutes flight.

At least 49 settlements in Donetsk Oblast were left without electrical power supply due to damage caused by heavy fighting in the area.

Separatist sources claimed that their troops destroyed five Ukrainian armoured vehicles near Amvrosiivka. They also reported to have repelled Ukrainian attacks at Savur-Mohyla, Torez, Shakhtarsk and Zuhres.

Ukrainian Air Force Su-25 attack aircraft reported shot down by separatists between Yenakiyevo and Makiivka in the Donetsk region, with the pilot ejecting.

3 August

The Ukrainian military stated that ten Russian tanks entered Ukraine through uncontrolled border sections. The tanks, according to this source, were heading towards Donetsk city.

On the border, Ukrainian units were shelled again from Russia. Near Chervonopartyzansk, soldiers of the 72th Mechanized Brigade endured six hours of heavy artillery fire. On August 3 the Armed Forces of Ukraine announced that they have split the Donetsk and Luhansk controlled areas, separating the two rebel forces.

Ukrainian forces took control of the town of Yasynuvata, a key railroad center in Donetsk Oblast.

An artillery shell fired from Ukraine hit a house in the village of Vaseckiy, Rostov Oblast, Russia.

4 August

Members of the 72nd Mechanized Brigade who were encircled near Chervonopartyzansk on the border east of Sverdlovsk have succeeded for the most part to break through to Ukrainian-held territory; other soldiers who covered the departure finally escaped to a Russian border post in Gukovo. Between 311 (according to Ukrainian officials), 438 (according to Russian FSB sources) and 449 (as per OSCE observers) Ukrainian soldiers and border guards laid down their weapons and crossed into Russia since 2 August.

The commander of the Azov battalion said that Ukrainian forces had retaken the locality of Marinka south-west of Donetsk.

Five Ukrainian soldiers were killed and 14 wounded during the military operations in the Donbass.

5 August

Ukrainian forces withdrew from Yasynuvata, which they claimed was done to prevent civilian casualties.

Three Ukrainian servicemen were killed and 45 wounded in the past 24 hours.

There was heavy fighting in the districts of Petrovsky, Alexandriivka y Marinka, Donetsk city. At least two civilians died as a result.

Russian forces had launched four "Grad" rocket attacks on Ukrainian positions from Russia since 2 August, according to Ukrainian military spokesman Andrei Lysenko.

6 August

Eighteen Ukrainian servicemen were killed and 54 injured in eastern Ukraine over the last 24 hours. According to the National Security and Defense Council, yesterday the Ukrainian forces were involved in battles near Orlovo-Ivanivka, Kumachove, Shumy, Novoivanivka, Marivka, Krasnyi Yar, Stukalova Balka, Savur-Mohyla and the Luhansk airport.

Ukrainian scouts from an airborne unit involved in a "search and destroy" mission were ambushed by pro-Russian forces near Ilovaisk, southeast of Donetsk city. There were an undetermined number of casualties.

Ukrainian units reportedly advanced in an attack near the villages of Latysheve and Rozsypne south-east of Snizhne, but withdrew from Shakhtarsk, leaving a key corridor between Donetsk and Luhansk under enemy occupation. Separatist officials later claimed that their forces ambushed a large armoured convoy in a minefield in this area, knocking out several vehicles.

The Ukrainian Minister of Foreign Affairs reported that 245 Ukrainian servicemen, who were forced to cross the border into Russia after enduring weeks of pro-Russia bombardment, were being interrogated by Russian military authorities in a camp at Gukovo, Rostov Oblast. Three dead and 28 wounded were handed over to Ukrainian authorities.

In Donetsk itself, the mobile network was off after a day of heavy shelling.

7 August

Heavy fighting in Horlivka caused the death of five inhabitants; the Annunciation cathedral was burned to the ground.

Separatist commanders said that Ukrainian forces have retaken control of Panteleimonivka north-east of Donetsk and Miusynsk north-east of Snizhne.

Pro-Russian forces shot down a Ukrainian Air Force MiG-29 with a "Buk" surface-to-air missile near the town of Yenakievo. The pilot managed to eject, and separatist sources later claimed he was captured and interrogated. Meanwhile, a Mi-8 helicopter used for medical evacuation was forced to crash-land after being hit by rebel gunfire.

More than 1,000 Ukrainian soldiers and guards, who had been besieged by separatist militias for weeks, withdrew from the border with Russia after breaking through the rebel lines.

Seven Ukrainian soldiers were killed and 19 wounded during the past 24 hours of military operations.

Ukrainian authorities said that they were suspending the 20 kilometres no-fighting zone around the crash site of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17.

The head of the SBU (the Ukrainian secret services) claimed that instead of the Malaysia Airlines Boeing, rebellion commanders wanted to shoot Aeroflot Flight 2074 from Moscow to Larnaca in Cyprus, in order to provoke a Russian invasion. But militiamen who were supposed to fire from Pervomaiske north-west of Donetsk finally took position in Pervomaiske south-east of Snizhne.

Members of the Jewish community in Luhansk were ready to be evacuated to Israel through the charity fund "Keren Edidut" and the local synagogue.

8 August

The Ukrainian army took control of the village of Kruhlyk, in Luhansk Oblast, and the town of Miusynsk, between Krasny Luch and Sniznhe.

The town of Amvrosiivka and the Ukrainian checkpoints around it were shelled by Russian troops across the border for 20 minutes.

After the Ukrainian withdrawal of the previous day, the pro-Russian militia said it had occupied the localities of Panchenkove, Dovzhanske, Astakhove, Dzerzhynskyi, Mykhailivka, Hirnyk, Orikhove, Nyzhnii Naholchyk, Bobrykove, Dyakove, Chervonyi Zhovten.

Fifteen Ukrainian soldiers and guards were killed and 89 wounded in the past 24 hours, most of them during the massive retreat of Ukrainian forces from the border areas. Separatists claimed that they captured 18 "Grad" and "Osa" multiple rocket launchers and 15 armoured vehicles and tanks left behind by the troops.

According to the Ukrainian government, Russia prepared the entry into eastern Ukraine of a large military column, under the pretense of bringing humanitarian aid with the International Red Cross.

9 August

Ukrainian forces reached the city of Krasnyi Luch, and Separatist leader Girkin initially admitted that this move meant that Ukrainian forces had surrounded Donetsk, the main stronghold of Russian-backed rebels. Officials of the Donetsk republic later claimed that the Ukrainian troops were forced to withdraw from the city by evening. The Ukrainian army said they also captured the localities of Khrustalne, Vakhrusheve and Bokovo-Platove around Krasny Luch. The rebels claimed that a militias' battalion retook these villages at evening.

The pro-Russians also reported to have lost control of Savur-Mohyla, claiming that the improving artillery support for the militias "reduces the tactical value of the hill".

Ukrainian forces took back Dyakove.

There was a multiple-weapon assault from Russia on the border checkpoint of Milove, Luhansk Oblast. The attackers used RPO-A Shmel flamethrowers and mine-scattering shells. Four Ukrainian guards were injured when they stepped on mines.

Ukrainian sources announced the destruction of two pro-Russian armoured convoys by airstrike, one near Horlivka and another near Antrasit. They also acknowledged the death of 13 Ukrainian soldiers in the last 24 hours.

The Ukranian president, P Poroshenko, ordered an investigation about the failures of the operations in the Ukranian-Russian border. In the area 3,500 Ukranian military personnel are reported missing.

10 August

Ukrainian authorities reported heavy fighting around the strategic city of Krasny Luch. There was fighting also in other 20 settlements around the Donbass. Three Ukrainian soldiers were killed and 27 wounded.

Ukrainian units entered the settlement of Krasnyi Yar, south-east of Luhansk airport.

They also retrieved control of Ivanivka north of Kransyi Luch.

Pro-Russian forces repelled a Ukrainian army assault led by four battalions on the rebel-held town of Illovaysk.

11 August

Russian president Vladimir Putin ordered a humanitarian convoy to enter Ukraine, apparently in agreement with the Red Cross and the Ukrainian government.

Ukrainian forces seized the villages of Korsun, Krynychna and Verkhnya Krynka south of Horlivka.

According to the Ukranian government, "During the ATO as of 9 am today, 568 soldiers were killed, 2120 people were injured,"

Six Ukrainian servicemen were killed in action and 24 wounded in eastern Ukraine overnight.

One hundred and six prisoners escaped from a high-security prison on the outskirts of Donetsk, after it was struck by artillery shells. One prisoner was killed.

12 August

Ukrainian forces regained control of Komyshuvakha and Kalynove, close to Pervomaisk.

The Ukrainian army also drove separatist militias out of Vuhlehirsk.

Separatist sources claimed that a major battle continued for Ilovaysk, where their troops retook the nearby villages of Zelene and Fedorivka to the north and Hrabske to the south of the town. They also reported fierce fighting around Krasny Luch and Miusynsk. The pro-Russians acknowledged that the Ukrainians controlled the main routes there, while the militias hold the countryside.

A motorcade of 280 Kamaz military trucks left Moscow loaded with 2,000 tons of aid for Ukraine. The deputy head of the Ukrainian Presidential Administration, Valeriy Chaly, stated that they will stop any Russian convoy from entering the territory of Ukraine and will only allow aid to be offloaded at the border, that the convoy must be met at a border area where there is not current fighting, and that Red Cross workers must be present. The International Red Cross stated that they are not in charge of the convoy at the moment and is still working with Russian and Ukrainian officials on the issue. The convoy was to cross into Ukraine near Belgorod, Russia. According to former Ukrainian president Leonid Kuchma, the convoy should pass through the border controls in Kharkiv Oblast, most probably via Goptovka. He also said that OSCE observers should be allowed to check the cargo.

Georgian president Giorgi Margvelashvili stated that his nation was also ready to provide humanitarian aid to Ukraine. He re-asserted Georgia's support of Ukraine's territorial integrity and fight against separatists, stating that Georgia is also a victim of Russian aggression.

Six Ukrainian servicemen were killed and another 31 were wounded over the past 24 hours.

13 August

Eleven Ukrainian soldiers were killed and another 41 were wounded over the past 24 hours. Twelve pro-government militiamen were killed in an ambush in Donetsk Oblast. The Ukrainian National Guard entered the town of Hirske, north of Pervomaisk, Luhansk Oblast.

Ukrainian Minister of Internal Affairs, Sergei Avakov, announced that a Russian convoycarrying humanitarian aid will not be allowed to cross through Kharkiv Oblast. Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk said the country would only accept humanitarian aid from the Red Cross.

The UN said that in the last two weeks of fighting in Donbass, the death toll has doubled to over 2,086.