1936 in the United Kingdom

	1936 in the United Kingdom
	Other years
	1934 \| 1935 \| 1936 \| 1937 \| 1938
	Individual countries of the United Kingdom
	England \| Northern Ireland \| Scotland \| Wales
	Sport, Television and music
	1936 English cricket season; Football: England \| Scotland; 1936 in British television;

Events from the year 1936 in the United Kingdom. The year is notable for the death of George V early in the year, the accession of his son Edward VIII (previously styled David, Prince of Wales) the throne, and then Edward VIII's abdication, resulting in the accession to the throne of his younger brother George VI (previously Albert, Duke of York).

Incumbents

Monarch -
- until 20 January: George V
- 20 January – 11 December: Edward VIII
- starting 11 December: George VI
Prime Minister - Stanley Baldwin (national coalition)

Events

13 January - GPO Film Unit documentary Night Mail, incorporating poetry by W. H. Auden and music by Benjamin Britten, is premiered at the Cambridge Arts Theatre.^[1]^[2]^[3]
20 January - King George V dies at Sandringham House, Norfolk, aged 70.^[4] His eldest son, The Prince Edward, Prince of Wales succeeds as King Edward VIII.
21 January - King Edward VIII breaks royal protocol by watching the proclamation of his own accession to the throne from a window of St. James's Palace, in the company of the still-married Wallis Simpson.
6–16 February - Great Britain and Northern Ireland compete at the Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, and win 1 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze medals.
5 March - First test flight of the Supermarine Spitfire.^[5]
11 April - Billy Butlin opens his first Butlins holiday camp, Butlins Skegness in Skegness (Ingoldmells), Lincolnshire.^[6] It is officially opened by Amy Johnson.
18 April - Ordnance Survey begins the retriangulation of Great Britain with its first triangulation station near Cold Ashby, Northamptonshire.
17 May - Barquentine Waterwitch is laid up at Par, Cornwall, the last square rigged ship to trade under sail alone in British ownership.^[7]
27 May - The RMS Queen Mary leaves Southampton on her maiden voyage to New York.
3 July
- Short Empire flying boat makes first flight, from Rochester, Kent.
- Fred Perry wins his third successive men's singles tennis title at The Championships, Wimbledon,^[8] the last British player to win this title until 2013.^[9] This year he also wins his third U.S. National Championship, the last Grand Slam victory for a British player until 2012, and turns professional.
16 July - George McMahon tries to shoot King Edward VIII during the Trooping the Colour ceremony.
24 July - The General Post Office introduces the speaking clock.^[10]
27 July - Opening of new swimming pool at Morecambe, claimed to be the largest open-air example in Europe.^[11]
28 July - Great Britain wins the 1936 International Lawn Tennis Challenge at Wimbledon, the last British victory in what becomes the Davis Cup until 2015.
31 July - Public Health Act empowers local authorities to make byelaws regulating building construction.
1–16 August - Great Britain and Northern Ireland compete at the Olympics in Berlin and win 4 gold, 7 silver and 3 bronze medals.
6 August - An underground explosion at Wharncliffe Woodmoor Colliery in South Yorkshire kills 58.
26 August - Signing of the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty which requires the withdrawal of British troops and recognises Egypt as a sovereign state.^[10]
8 September - Arson attack on a bombing school building at Penyberth on the Llŷn Peninsula as part of the Tân yn Llŷn campaign led by Saunders Lewis, Lewis Valentine and D.J. Williams of the Welsh nationalist group Plaid Genedlaethol Cymru.^[12]
30 September - Official opening of Pinewood Studios.^[10]
4 October - Battle of Cable Street between Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists and anti-fascist demonstrators.^[5]
5–31 October - Jarrow March: 207 miners march from Jarrow to London in a protest against unemployment and poverty.^[10]
20 October - Prime minister Stanley Baldwin confronts King Edward VIII about his relationship with Wallis Simpson.
27 October - Wallis Simpson divorces Ernest Aldrich Simpson, removing the legal barrier to her marrying Edward VIII.^[10]
31 October - Elizabeth Cowell becomes the first female British television presenter making a broadcast from Alexandra Palace.^[10]
2 November - BBC launch world's first regular television service,^[5] initially alternating between the 240-line Baird electromechanical and the Marconi-EMI all-electronic 405-line television systems.
6 November - Terence Rattigan's comedy French Without Tears premieres in London.^[13]
12 November - Alan Turing's paper "On Computable Numbers" is formally presented to the London Mathematical Society, introducing the concept of the "Turing machine".
16 November - King Edward VIII informs Stanley Baldwin of his intention to marry Wallis Simpson. Baldwin responds by informing the King that any woman he married would have to become Queen, and the British public would not accept Wallis Simpson as Queen. The King tells Mr Baldwin that he is prepared to abdicate if the government opposes his marriage.
25 November - The King tells Stanley Baldwin that he would be prepared to conduct a morganatic marriage with Mrs Simpson, which would allow him to carry on as King but not install Mrs Simpson as Queen. Stanley Baldwin informs him that this would not be accepted either (such a thing has never been known in British laws).
27 November - Stanley Baldwin raises the issue of a morganatic marriage in the Cabinet, where it is rejected outright.
30 November - The Crystal Palace is destroyed in a fire.^[10]

December - Henry Hallett Dale wins the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Otto Loewi "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses".^[14]
1 December - Alfred Blunt, Bishop of Bradford, makes a speech which inadvertently leads to the abdication crisis becoming public in the British media.^[15]
2 December - Stanley Baldwin confirms in a meeting with the King that a Morganatic marriage would not be accepted, and in order to marry Mrs Simpson the King would have to abdicate.^[16]
10 December - Abdication crisis: The King signs an instrument of abdication at Fort Belvedere in the presence of his three brothers, The Duke of York, The Duke of Gloucester and The Duke of Kent.
11 December
- Parliament passes His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936, providing the legislative authority for the King to abdicate.
- The King performs his last act as sovereign by giving royal assent to the Act.
- Prince Albert, Duke of York, becomes King, ruling as King George VI.^[10]
- The abdicated King Edward VIII, now HRH The Prince Edward, makes a broadcast to the nation explaining his decision to abdicate. He leaves the country for Austria.
- The Oireachtas of the Irish Free State passes the Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936, removing most powers from the office of Governor-General of the Irish Free State, and the Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936 assenting to the abdication and restricting the power of the monarch in relation to Ireland to international affairs.
25 December - Princess Alexandra of Kent, daughter of The Duke and Duchess of Kent, is born in London. This will be the last royal birth attended by the Home Secretary.

Date unknown

K6 red telephone box introduced, together with GPO 'Jubilee concession' to provide one in every village with a post office.^[17]
Grant v The Australian Knitting Mills - a landmark case in consumer law.

Publications

The Left Book Club is founded by Stafford Cripps, Victor Gollancz, John Strachey and Harold Laski.^[18]^[19]
Eric Ambler's novel The Dark Frontier.^[20]
W. H. Auden’s poems Look, Stranger!.^[21]
A. J. Ayer's philosophical study Language, Truth, and Logic.
Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot novels The A.B.C. Murders, Murder in Mesopotamia and Cards on the Table.
T. S. Eliot's Collected Poems 1909–35,^[21] including "Burnt Norton", first of the Four Quartets.
The Geographers' Map Co.'s first A to Z Atlas and Guide to London and the Suburbs.
Aldous Huxley's novel Eyeless in Gaza.
Michael Innes’ novel Death at the President’s Lodging.^[20]
John Maynard Keynes' book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.
F. R. Leavis’ critical work Revaluation: tradition & development in English poetry.
A. E. W. Mason's historical adventure novel Fire Over England.
H. J. Massingham's English Downland and Hugh Quigley's The Highlands of Scotland, first in Batsford's The Face of Britain series.
Lancashire: cradle of our prosperity and Warwickshire: Shakespeare's country, first in The King's England series edited by Arthur Mee.
George Orwell's novel Keep the Aspidistra Flying.
Michael Roberts edits the anthology The Faber Book of Modern Verse.
Dylan Thomas’ Twenty-five Poems,^[21] including "And death shall have no dominion".
W. B. Yeats edits the anthology The Oxford Book of Modern Verse 1892-1935.

Births

28 January - Bill Jordan, Baron Jordan, economist and politician
9 February - Clive Swift, actor
10 April - John Howell, Olympic long jumper
9 May
- Terry Downes, boxer
- Albert Finney, actor
- Glenda Jackson, actress and politician
17 June - Ken Loach, film director
5 July- James Mirrlees, Scottish economist and winner of the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
1 August - Donald Neilson, serial killer known as the Black Panther (died 2011)
17 August - Arthur Rowe, Olympic shot putter (died 2003)
24 August - A. S. Byatt, novelist and poet
3 September - Mike Ellis, hammer thrower
24 October - Bill Wyman, rock bassist
25 October - Martin Gilbert, historian (died 2015)
25 December - Princess Alexandra of Kent, daughter of The Duke and Duchess of Kent

Deaths

18 January - Rudyard Kipling, writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1865 in British India)
20 January - King George V (born 1865)
2 March - Princess Victoria, granddaughter of Queen Victoria (born 1876 in Malta; died in Germany)
30 April - A. E. Housman, poet (born 1859)
14 June - G. K. Chesterton, writer (born 1874)
25 July - Sir Henry Wellcome, pharmaceutical entrepreneur and philanthropist (born 1853 in the United States)
21 September - Frank Hornby, inventor, businessman and politician (born 1863)
14 October - Edmond Holmes, educationalist, writer and poet (born 1850 in Ireland)
2 November - Martin Lowry, chemist (born 1874)
10 December - Bobby Abel, cricketer (born 1857)

References

^ Morrison, Blake (1 December 2007). "Stamp of excellence". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
^ "Night Mail". Britmovie.co.uk. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
^ "Night Mail (1936)". screenonline. BFI. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "George V (1865-1936)". History. BBC. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 380–381. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
^ "Skegness". Butlins Memories. Archived from the original on 1 July 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Bouquet, Michael (1971). Westcountry Sail: Merchant Shipping 1840-1960. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5033-1.
^ "Lawn Tennis: F. J. Perry Wins Again". The Times. No. 47418. 4 July 1936. p. 7.
^ Burton, Mark (3 February 1995). "Fred Perry, Wimbledon's true champion, dies at 85". The Independent. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
^ Riddell, Jonathan; Tomkinson, Nicolette. This Is Your Way Sir. Capital Transport. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-85414-343-3.
^ Davies, John (1994). A History of Wales. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-014581-8.
^ Ellis, Samantha (30 July 2003). "French without Tears, London, 1936". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936". Retrieved 29 January 2008.
^ Cooke, Alistair (1995). Six Men. ISBN 1-55970-317-2.
^ "Edward VIII: Abdication timeline". BBC News. 29 January 2003. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
^ Johannessen, Neil (1994). Telephone Boxes. Princes Risborough: Shire Publications. ISBN 0-7478-0250-5.
^ Lewis, John (1970). The Left Book Club: an historical record. London: Gollancz. ISBN 0-575-00586-6.
^ Laity, Paul, ed. (2001). The Left Book Club Anthology. London: Gollancz. ISBN 0-575-07221-0.
^ ^a ^b Keating, H. R. F. (1982). Whodunit? – a guide to crime, suspense and spy fiction. London: Windward. ISBN 0-7112-0249-4.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860634-6.