List of ethnic religions
Appearance
Ethnic religions (also "indigenous religions" or "ethnoreligions") are generally defined as religions which are related to a particular ethnic group (ethnoreligious group), and often seen as a defining part of that ethnicity's culture, language, and customs (social norms, conventions, traditions). In an ethnic religion, the ethnic group and its beliefs system cannot be easily separated. Oftentimes an ethnic religion's doctrine only pertains or is directed to that group. A common trait among ethnic religions is that they are closed to outsiders, limiting themselves to members born into the group. This is opposed to universal religions, which are open to all peoples and actively pursue and accept converts.
Africa
- Ancient Egyptian religion (Ancient Egyptians)
- Abwoi religion (Inhabitants of central Nigerian plateau)
- Akan religion (Akans of the Gold Coast)
- Bori religion (Hausa people of Northern Nigeria)
- Dinka religion (Dinka people of South Sudan)
- Dogon religion (Dogon people of Mali)
- Inam (Ibibio people of Southern Nigeria)
- Bantu religion (Bantu of Central/Southern Africa)
- Berber religion (Berbers of northern Africa)
- Malagasy religion (People of Madagascar)
- Mbuti religion (Mbuti of Congo and central Sudan)
- Odinani (Igbo of southeastern Nigeria)
- Punic religion (Phoenicans of Carthage)
- Serer religion (Serer of Senegal and northern West Africa)
- Vodun (Fon and Ewe of Benin and southwestern Nigeria)
- Nuer religion (Nuer people of South Sudan)
- Maasai religion (Maasai people of Kenya)
- Sidama people#Religion (Sidama people of Ethiopia)
- Waaqeffanna (Oromo people of Ethiopia and Kenya)
- Yoruba religion (Yoruba of southwestern Nigeria and southern Benin)
- San religion (San people of Southern Africa)
Asia
- Assianism / Uatsdin (Ossetians)
- Ahom religion (Ahom people of north-east India)
- Ainu religion (Ainu people)
- Alawites (Alawis of Syria)
- Aluk Todolo (Torajans)
- Ancient Mesopotamian religion (Assyria, Sumer, Babylonia and Akkad)
- Arab paganism (pre-Islamic Arabs)
- Armenian religion (Armenians)
- Bathouism (Boro people of India)
- Bimoism (Yi people)
- Bon (Tibetans)
- Burmese folk religion (Bamar people)
- Chinese folk religion, Taoism (Han Chinese)
- Dongba (Nakhi from the foothills of the Himalayas)
- Donyi-Polo (Arunachali of northeastern India)
- Druze[1][2]
- Ebla religion (Eblaites)
- Elam religion (Elamites)
- Hattian religion (Hattians of Anatolia)
- Hittite religion (Hittites of Anatolia)
- Hurrian religion (Hurrians)
- Indigenous Philippine folk religions
- Judaism (Jewish people)
- Kaharingan (Dayaks of Indonesia)
- Kalash religion (Kalash people of Pakistan)
- Kejawèn (Javanese people of Indonesia)
- Kirat Mundhum (Kirat of the south-western flanks of the Himalayas)
- Korean shamanism or Muism (Koreans)
- Koyapunem (Gondi people)
- Ka Niam Khasi (Khasis of Meghalaya)
- Kurdish Alevism (Kurds of eastern Anatolia, particularly Tunceli)
- Luwian religion (Luwians of Anatolia)
- Lydian religion (Lydians)
- Malay religion (Malays)
- Mandaeism (Mandaeans of southern Mesopotamia)
- Manchu shamanism (Manchu people)
- Marapu (Sumba of Indonesia)
- Maronite Christianity (Maronites of Lebanon)[3][4]
- Mizo religion (Mizo people of India)
- Moism (Zhuang people)
- Muong ethnic religion (Muong people of Vietnam)
- Parmalim (Bataks of Indonesia)
- Phrygian religion (Phrygians of Anatolia)
- Qiang folk religion (Qiang people)
- Ryukyuan religion, Ijun (Ryukyuans of the Ryukyu Islands near Taiwan)
- Samaritanism (Samaritans)
- Sanamahism (Meitei of northeastern India)
- Sarnaism (tribal of India)
- Shabakism (Shabaks in Iraq)
- Shinto (Japanese)
- Sunda Wiwitan (Sundanese people of Indonesia)
- Syriac Christianity (Assyrian people in Syria, Iraq, Turkey, and Iran)[5]
- Saint Thomas Christians in India)
- Tai folk religion (Tai peoples of Mainland Southeast Asia)
- Tengrism (Turks, Mongolians)
- Tolotang (Bugis)
- Tonaas Walian (Minahasans)
- Vietnamese folk religion (Vietnamese)
- Yahwism (ancient Israelites)
- Yarsanism (Kurds of northern Iraq and western Iran)
- Yazdânism (related to Kurdish Alevism, Yarsanism, and Yazidism)
- Yazidism
- Yupik religion (Yupik of Alaska and eastern Russia)
- Non-specific:
- Central Asian folk religions
- Iranian religions
- Tai folk religion in Laos, Thailand, and some parts of Myanmar
- Siberian folk religions
- Turco-Mongol religion of Northeast Asia
Americas
- Acoma Pueblo religion (Puebloans)
- Anishinaabe traditional beliefs (Anishinaabe)
- Aztec religion (Aztec people of the Aztec Empire)
- Blackfoot religion (Blackfoot Confederacy)
- Brujeria (Latin Americans/Mestizos)
- Candomblé (Afro-Brazilians)
- Cherokee religion (Cherokee people of Cherokee Nation)
- Choctaw religion (Choctaw people of the Choctaw Nation, part of the United States)
- Guarani religion, San La Muerte worship in Paraguay and north of Argentina
- Haitian Vodou (Haitian people)
- Hoodoo (African Americans)
- Inca Religion (Inhabitants of the Inca Empire)
- Inuit religion (Inuit of North America and Greenland)
- Iroquois religion (Inhabitants of the Iroquois confederacy)
- Lakota religion (Lakota people)
- Mapuche religion (Mapuche people of Chile)
- Maya religion (Maya; Guatemalans)
- Miskito religion (Miskito people of Central America)
- Molokane, Spiritual Christians from Russia
- Muisca religion (Muisca people and Colombian Mestizos)
- Muzo religion Muzo people
- Navajo religion (Navajo people)
- Obeah (Afro-Caribbean people)
- Olmec religion (Olmecs)
- Purépecha religion (Purépecha people of the Purépecha Empire)
- Rastafari (Jamaicans)
- Umbanda (Afro-Brazilians and Afro-Uruguayans)
- Santa Muerte worship (Mestizo/Mexicans and Mexican-Americans)
- Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (Mississippian culture)
- Taíno religion (Taíno)
- Tecumseh's religion (Inhabitants of the Tecumseh's confederacy)
- Teotihuacan religion (Inhabitants of Teotihuacan)
- Totonac religion (Totonac people)
- Powhatan religion (Powhatan people)
- Wayuu religion (Wayuu people)
- Yupik religion (Yupik of Alaska and Eastern Russia)
- Zapotec religion (Zapotec peoples of the Zapotec civilisation)
Europe
- Albanian religion (Albanians)
- Anglo-Saxon paganism (Anglo-Saxons of England)
- Armenian paganism (Armenians)
- Baltic paganism (Lithuanians, Latvians and Prussians
- Basque religion (Basques of the western end of the Pyrenees)
- Celtic paganism (Celtic peoples and tribes (Ancient Britons, Cumbrians, Gaels, Manx, Picts, Gallaeci, Gauls, Belgae, etc.) of what is now Great Britain, Ireland, France, Belgium, Iberia, Asia Minor, and other parts of Europe)
- Christianity (Huns/Hungarians of Hunnic Empire, what is now Hungary)
- Circassian paganism (Circassians of Circassia)
- Dacian religion (Dacians of Dacia)
- Georgian religion (pre-Christian Colchis of the southern Caucasus)
- Estonian religion (Estonians of Estonia)
- Etruscan religion (Etruscans of the central Italian peninsula)
- Finnish paganism (Finns and Karelians)
- Germanic paganism (Germanic peoples and tribes of Germania)
- Greek polytheism (pre-Christian Greeks)
- Illyrian religion (Illyrians of Illyria)
- Mari religion (Mari people)
- Minoan religion (Minoan civilization)
- Mordvin Native Religion (Mordvins of Mordovia)
- Norse religion (Norsemen and Vikings of Scandinavia)
- Roman polytheism (pre-Christian Romans of the Roman Empire)
- Sámi religion (Sami people of Fennoscandia)
- Samnite religion (Samnites of Samnium)
- Slavic paganism (Early Slavs/Slavs) of Eastern and Southeastern Europe)
- Tengrism (Turks)
- Thracian religion (Thracians of Odrysian kingdom)
- Vainakh religion (Nakhs of the Caucasus)
Oceania
See also
- Ethnoreligious group
- Folk religion
- List of modern pagan movements
- List of religions and spiritual traditions
- Modern paganism
- Shamanism
References
- ^ Chatty, Dawn (2010-03-15). Displacement and Dispossession in the Modern Middle East. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81792-9.
- ^ Simon Harrison (2006). Fracturing Resemblances: Identity and Mimetic Conflict in Melanesia and the West. Berghahn Books. pp. 121–. ISBN 978-1-57181-680-1.
- ^ Salibi, Kamal S. (1988). A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered. I.B.Tauris. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-86064-912-7.
- ^ Minahan 2002, p. 1194 Minahan, James (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-32384-4.
- ^ For Assyrians as a Christian people, see Joel J. Elias, The Genetics of Modern Assyrians and their Relationship to Other People of the Middle East and Steven L. Danver, Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues, p. 517