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Borders of India

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Borders of India

India shares international land borders with six sovereign countries.

Land borders of India

Land Border Country Length (km) and (mi) [1] Force Comments
Afghanistan Afghanistan 106 kilometres (66 mi)[2] N/A Pakistan Administered Kashmir border with Wakhan Corridor
Bhutan Bhutan 600 kilometres (370 mi)[3] Sashastra Seema Bal
Myanmar Myanmar 1,643 kilometres (1,021 mi) Assam Rifles and Indian Army
Nepal Nepal 1,758 kilometres (1,092 mi)[3] Sashastra Seema Bal
Pakistan Pakistan 3,323 kilometres (2,065 mi) Border Security Force
China China 3,380 kilometres (2,100 mi) Indo-Tibetan Border Police and Special Frontier Force
Bangladesh Bangladesh 4,097 kilometres (2,546 mi) Border Security Force India–Bangladesh enclaves exchanged
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 30 kilometres (19 mi) Indian Coast Guard On a Ram Sethu sand dune.

Maritime borders of India

Maritime borders of India are the maritime boundary recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entails boundaries of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. India, with its claim of 12 nautical mile territorial sea and 200 nautical miles exclusive economic zone, has more than 7000 km maritime border shared with 7 nations.

Land Border Country Length (km) and (mi) [4] Force Comments
Bangladesh Bangladesh Indian Navy
Indonesia Indonesia Indian Navy Indira Point
Myanmar Myanmar Indian Navy Coco Islands
Pakistan Pakistan Indian Navy Sir Creek
Thailand Thailand Indian Navy
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka >400 kilometres (250 mi)[5] Indian Navy
Maldives Maldives Indian Navy

Designated crossings with ICP & LCS

The map of ICP and LCS.

Integrated Check Posts (ICP)

India has 7 functional ICPs, and plans are underway to upgrade 13 more LCS to ICP, including 7 at borders taking total of border ICP to 14, at the cost of ₹3,000 crore (US$360 million) (c. Oct 2017).[6][7] Designated Integrated Check Posts (ICP), with both customs and immigration facilities are:[8]

India–Bangladesh border

  • Meghalaya
    • Shillong-Sylhet via Dawki ICP integrated checkpost crossing (Jaintia Hills, India) and Tambil post (Bangladesh). Dawki ICP foundation stone laid in January 2017 and will become operation in 2018.[9]
  • Mizoram
    • Kawarpuchiah/Kawripuichhuah, plan announced c. Oct 2017.[6]

India-Bhutan border

India–Myanmar border

India-Nepal border

India–Pakistan border

See also: Transport between India and Pakistan

Land Customs Stations (LCS)

India–Bangladesh border

Designated Land Customs Stations (LCS) are (no immigration facilities):[12]

  • Meghalaya
    • Baghmara (South Garo Hills, India) - Bijoyour post (Bangladesh)
    • Bholaganj (East Khasi Hills district) - Chatak (Sunamganj division)
    • Borsara Land Customs Stations (West Khasi Hills, India) - Borsara post (Bangladesh)
    • West Garo Hills - Bakshiganj via Mahendraganj crossing on NH12
    • Tura-Nalitabari via Dalu crossing on NH217 (West Garo Hills, India) and Nakugaon post (Bangladesh)
    • Shellabazar (West Khasi Hills district) - Sunamganj(Sylhet division)
    • Gasuapara (South Garo Hills district)- Karoitol (Mymansing division)
    • Meghalaya non-functional LCS are:
      • Ryngku (East Khasi Hills district) - Kalibari (Sonamganj division)
      • Balat (East Khasi Hills district) - Dolura (Sylhet division)
  • Mizoram
    • Kawarpuchiah integrated checkpost, opened in Oct 2017 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.[14]
    • Non-functional LCS in Mizoram:
      • Demagiri (Lunglei district) - Rangamati (Sylhet division)

India–Pakistan border

Border bazaars and haats

This proposed list of border bazaars and haats in varying stages of implementation, as suggested by State Governments to Ministry of External Affairs for setting up Border Haats.[15]

India–Myanmar border

As of April 2012, India and Myanmar have approved two locations – Pangsau Pass, Arunachal Pradesh and Somrai in Ukhrul District. These are likely to be finalised soon during a forthcoming visit of Hon’ble Prime Minister to Myanmar.[15]

    • Arunachal Pradesh Border Haats
    • Pangsau Pass (Nampong), Changlang - Pangsau, Kachin Province
    • Chingsa (Khimiyang Circle), Changlang - Langhong, Kachin Province
    • Makantong (Khimiyang Circle), Changlang - Ngaimong, Kachin Province
    • Wakka/Pongchao/Lazu - Tirap, Kachin Province
  • Manipur Border Haats
      • Kongkan Thana, Ukhrul - Aungci Suggested by State Government
      • New Somtal, Chandel - Thenjen, or Khampat
      • Behiang, Churachandpur - Khenman, or Chikha
  • Mizoram Border Haats
    • Hruitezawl, Lawngtlai - Varang
    • Hnahlan, Champhai - Darkhai
    • Vaphai, Champhai - Leilet
    • Chakhang, Saiha - Nviaphia
  • Nagaland Border Haats
    • Avakhung, Phek - Layshi are 32 km from each other
    • Pangsha, Tuensang - Lahe/Hkamti District HQ are 60 km from each other
    • Chemoho/Longwa, Mon - Lahe are 60 km from each other
    • Molhe, Phek - Pansat are 10 km from each other

India–Bangladesh border

    • Meghalaya
      • Kalaichar, West Garo Hills
      • Balat, West Khasi Hills
    • Mizoram
      • Marpara, Mamit - Longkor
      • Sillsury, Lunglei - Mahmuam
      • Tuipuibari, Mamit - Not provided
      • Nunsuri, Lunglei - Not provided
    • Tripura: Decision on Tripura Haats will be subsequent to the completion of agreement w.r.t. Meghalaya Haats.
      • Kamalasagar, West Tripura
      • Boxanagar
      • Bamutia
      • Srinagar, South Tripura
      • Ekimpur
      • Pal Basti (Raghna), North Tripura
      • Hiracherra (Kailasahar)
      • Kamalpur, Dhalai

See also

References

  1. ^ eJyoti Discovering facts, Information website
  2. ^ The Times of India, News website
  3. ^ a b SSB to strengthen presence on India-Bhutan border, Times of India, 20 Dec 2017.
  4. ^ eJyoti Discovering facts, Information website
  5. ^ India-Sri Lanka fishing rights dispute
  6. ^ a b c d e f g [1], Indian Express, Oct 2017.
  7. ^ a b c 7 border ICP and total 13 ICP coming up
  8. ^ http://www.mdoner.gov.in/node/1483 ICP of India]
  9. ^ Dawki ICP foundation stone laid.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan border to have more ICP, Oct 2016.
  11. ^ a b India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh, Times of India, 1 Oct 2o17.
  12. ^ ICP and LCS
  13. ^ Srimantapur LCS opens
  14. ^ India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh
  15. ^ a b Border haats of India

Further reading

  • Orton, Anna (2010). India's Borderland Disputes: China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Epitome Books. ISBN 9789380297156.
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