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Taipei Metro

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Taipei Metro
Overview
Native nameTaipei Rapid Transit System
LocaleTaipei and New Taipei, Taiwan
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines5[1]
Number of stations117[1]
Daily ridership1.97 million (2015)[2]
2.15 million (Dec. 2015)[2]
Annual ridership717,511,809 (2015)[2]
Headquarters7, Lane 48, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., 10448, Taipei City, Taiwan
Operation
Began operationMarch 28, 1996
Operator(s)Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation
Headway3–8 minute peak, 8–12 mins off peak[3]
Technical
System length131.1 km (81.5 mi)[1]
Track gaugeHigh-capacity:
1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (standard gauge)[4]
Medium-capacity:
1,880 mm (6 ft 2 in)[5]
Minimum radius of curvatureHigh-capacity: 200 m[6]
Medium-capacity: 30 m[6]
ElectrificationThird rail 750 V DC
Average speedHigh-capacity: 34 km/h
Medium-capacity: 33 km/h[6]
Top speedHigh-capacity: 90 km/h
Medium-capacity: 80 km/h[6]
Taipei Metro
Traditional Chinese台北大眾捷運系統
Simplified Chinese台北大众捷运系统
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTáiběi Dàzhòng Jiéyùn Xìtǒng
Bopomofoㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄐ一ㄝˊ ㄩㄣˋ ㄒ一ˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ
Wade–GilesT'ai2-pei3 Ta4-chung4 Chieh2-yün4 Hsi4-t'ung3
Hakka
RomanizationThòi-pet Thai-zung Chia̍p-yun He-thúng
Southern Min
Hokkien POJTâi-pak Toā-chiòng Chia̍t-ūn Hē-thóng
Taipei Metro
Traditional Chinese台北捷運
Simplified Chinese台北捷运
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTáiběi Jiéyùn
Bopomofoㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄐ一ㄝˊ ㄩㄣˋ
Wade–GilesT'ai2-pei3 Chieh2-yün4
Tongyong PinyinTáiběi Jiéyùn
Hakka
RomanizationThòi-pet Chia̍p-yun
Southern Min
Hokkien POJTâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn
Second alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese台北大眾捷運公司
Simplified Chinese台北大众捷运公司
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTáiběi Dàzhòng Jiéyùn Gōngsī
Bopomofoㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄐ一ㄝˊ ㄩㄣˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄙ
Headquarter of Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation at Rapid Transit Administration Building, Taipei.

The Taipei Metro (Chinese: 台北捷運; pinyin: Táiběi Jiéyùn), also known as the MRT or formally as the Taipei Rapid Transit System (臺北大眾捷運系統; Táiběi Dàzhòng Jiéyùn Xìtǒng), is a rapid transit system serving metropolitan Taipei in Taiwan. The system is built by the Department of Rapid Transit Systems, Taipei City Government (DORTS-Taipei) and Department of Rapid Transit Systems, New Taipei City Government (DRTS-New Taipei) and operated by the Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation (TRTC). It consists of 108 stations (117 stations if transfer stations are double-counted) and 5 main routes, operating on 131.1 kilometres (81.5 mi) of revenue track.[1] The system carried an average of around 2.10 million passengers per day in March 2016.[2]

The Taipei Metro is Taiwan's first metro system.[7] Since it first began operations in 1996, the system has been effective in relieving some of Taipei's traffic congestion problems.[8] The system has also proved effective as a catalyst for urban renewal, as well as increasing tourist traffic to outlying towns such as Tamsui. Conversions to existing railway lines were made to integrate them into the metro system.

Network and operations

The system operates according to a spoke-hub distribution paradigm, with most rail lines running radially outward from central Taipei. The MRT system operates from 6 am to midnight daily[9] (the last trains finish their runs by 1 am), with extended services during special events (such as New Year festivities).[10] Trains operate at intervals of 1.5 to 15 minutes depending on the line and time of day.[9][11] Smoking is forbidden in the entire metro system, while eating, drinking, chewing gum and betel nuts are forbidden within the paid area.[12]

Stations become extremely crowded during rush hours, especially at transfer stations such as Taipei Main Station, Zhongxiao Fuxing, and Minquan West Road. Automated station announcements are recorded in Mandarin, English, Taiwanese, and Hakka.[13]

Lines

Line Termini
(District, City)		 Stations Length
(km)		 Depot
bgcolor=Template:TRTS color align=center colspan=2| Line 1
Wenhu Line
[Note 1] 		Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center
(Nangang, Taipei)		 Taipei Zoo
(Wenshan, Taipei)		 24 25.7 Neihu
Muzha
bgcolor=Template:TRTS color align=center colspan=2|Line 2
Tamsui-Xinyi Line
[Note 2] 		Tamsui
(Tamsui, New Taipei)		 Xiangshan
(Xinyi, Taipei)		 27 29.6 Beitou
bgcolor=Template:TRTS color align=center colspan="2" |Xinbeitou Branch Xinbeitou
(Beitou, Taipei)		 Beitou
(Beitou, Taipei)		 2 1.2
bgcolor=Template:TRTS color align=center colspan=2|Line 3
Songshan-Xindian Line 		Songshan
(Songshan, Taipei / Xinyi, Taipei)		 Xindian
(Xindian, New Taipei)		 19 19.4 Xindian
bgcolor=Template:TRTS color align=center colspan="2" |Xiaobitan Branch Qizhang
(Xindian, New Taipei)		 Xiaobitan
(Xindian, New Taipei)		 2 1.9
bgcolor=Template:TRTS color rowspan=2 align=center|Line 4
Zhonghe-Xinlu Line
[Note 3] 		Huilong
(Xinzhuang, New Taipei / Guishan, Taoyuan)		 Nanshijiao
(Zhonghe, New Taipei)		 21 25.1 Zhonghe
Luzhou
Xinzhuang (u/c)
Luzhou
(Luzhou, New Taipei) 		6 6.4
bgcolor=Template:TRTS color align=center colspan=2|Line 5
Bannan Line
[Note 4][14] 		Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center
(Nangang, Taipei)		 Dingpu
(Tucheng, New Taipei)		 22 26.5 Nangang
Tucheng

Routes operated

Fares and tickets

Single-journey RFID IC Token

RFID IC Tokens and EasyCard smart cards are used to collect fares for day-to-day use, with the exception of group tickets and bicycle access tickets (which use paper tickets).[16] The Kaohsiung MRT Card and Taiwan Smart Card will begin to be accepted by the end of 2011 with the installation of multiple card readers.[17]

Fares range from NT$20 to NT$65 with most locations accessible for around NT$20–30. Beginning April 1, 2011, senior citizens and physically challenged individuals will be entitled to a 50% discount on fares.[18] The fare for the first 5 km on a one-way ticket is NT$20, and each additional 3 km costs an extra NT$5, up to NT$65.[19] A 20% discount is taken with use of an EasyCard. The table below shows fare amounts versus distance.

Distance
(km) 		≤5 5~8 8~11 11~14 14~17 17~20 20~23 23~27 27~31 ≥31
Fare
(NT$) 		20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Fare using EasyCard 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52

Types of tickets

Faregates at Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center Station
  • IC Tokens: These single-use RFID tokens can be bought from ticket vending machines in each station.[16] They are valid only on the day of purchase and replaced the existing magnetic cards in 2007.[20]
  • One-Day Pass: This card allows for unlimited Taipei Metro travel. They are valid from the first use until the end of service on the same day (not including the Maokong Gondola).[16] Value cannot be added and it costs NT$200 (inclusive of a NT$50 deposit). The deposit can be collected if the card is returned within three days of the first use.
    • Paper tickets are no longer being issued. However, they can be obtained in exchange for a Taipei Metro gift coupon.
  • Group Ticket: These are available for groups of 10 or more (at a 20% discount) or groups of 40 or more (at a 30% discount).[16] These cannot be refunded once issued and require passengers to enter through the "Group Ticket Entrance/Exit".
  • Single Journey Ticket for Cyclists: At a cost of NT$80, this allows for one person to bring a bicycle into the system (at select stations).[16] It is only issued/valid at certain times, and no refunds can be given once issued. In 2008, 102,279 bicycles were taken on the Taipei Metro.[6]
  • EasyCard: Issued by the EasyCard Corporation, these cards are stored value cards for contactless electronic payment. They are available as Adult, Student, Concessionaire, and TaipeiPass varieties. See Types of EasyCards for more information.
    • Senior EasyCard passengers enjoy a 60% discount on base fares.[16] Easy Card users receive half-price discounts automatically on connecting bus routes from and towards the Metro stations.

History

Evolution of the Taipei Metro, 1987-2015 (including lines under planning)

The Taipei Metro is one of the most expensive rapid transit systems ever constructed,[21] with Phase One of the system costing US$18 billion[22] and Phase Two (currently under construction) estimated to cost US$13.8 billion upon completion.

The initial network plan approved by the Executive Yuan in 1986.

Initial proposal

The idea of constructing the Taipei Metro was first put forth at a press conference on June 28, 1968, where the Minister of Transportation and Communications Sun Yun-suan announced his ministry's plans to begin researching the possibility of constructing a rapid transit network in the Taipei metropolitan area; however, the plan was shelved due to fiscal concerns and the belief that such a system was not urgently needed at the time. With the increase of traffic congestion accompanying economic growth in the 1970s, the need for a rapid transit system became more pressing.[23] In February 1977, the Institute of Transportation (IOT) of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC) released a preliminary rapid transport system report, with the designs of five lines, including U1, U2, U3, S1, and S2, to form a rough sketch of the planned corridors, resulting in the first rapid transit system plan for Taipei.[24]

In 1981, the IOT invited British Mass Transit Consultants (BMTC) and China Engineering Consultants, Inc. to form a team and provide in-depth research on the preliminary report.[24] In 1982, the Taipei City Government commissioned National Chiao Tung University to do a research and feasibility study on medium-capacity rapid transit systems. In January 1984, the university proposed an initial design for a medium-capacity rapid transit system in Taipei City, including plans for Line 1 and Line 2 of the medium-capacity metro system.[24] On March 1, 1985, the Executive Yuan Council for Economic Planning and Development (CEPD) signed a treaty with the Taipei Transit Council (TTC), composed of three American consultant firms, to do overall research on a rapid transit system in metropolitan Taipei. Apart from adjustments made to the initial proposal, Line 1 of the medium-capacity metro system was also included into the network. In 1986, the initial network design of the Taipei Metro by the CEPD was passed by the Executive Yuan, although the network corridors were not yet set.[25] A budget of NT$441.7 billion (US$13.4 billion) was allocated for the project.[26]

On June 27, 1986, the Preparatory Office of Rapid Transit Systems was created,[22] which on February 23, 1987 was formally established as the Department of Rapid Transit Systems (DORTS) for the task of handling, planning, design, and construction of the system.[26] Apart from preparing for the construction of the metro system, DORTS also made small changes to the metro corridor. The 6 lines proposed on the initial network were:[24] Tamsui Line and Xindian Line (Lines U1 and U2), Zhonghe Line (Line U3), Nangang Line and Banqiao Line (Line S1), and Muzha (now Wenshan) Line (Line 1 medium-capacity), totaling 79 stations and 76.8 km (47.7 mi) route length,[26] including 34.4 km (21.4 mi) of elevated rail, 9.5 km (5.9 mi) at ground level, and 44.2 km (27.5 mi) underground.[22] The Neihu Line corridor was approved later in 1990. On June 27, 1994, the Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation (TRTC) was formed to oversee the operation of the Taipei Metro system.

Construction of the initial six lines

Wende Station platform on the Neihu Line, an extension of the Wenshan Line and one of the original planned lines.

The Executive Yuan approved the initial network plan for the system on May 27, 1986.[25] Ground was broken and construction began on December 15, 1988.[25] The growing traffic problems of the time, compounded by road closures due to TRTS construction led to what became popularly known as the "Dark Age of Taipei Traffic". The TRTS was the center of political controversy during its construction and shortly after the opening of its first line in 1996 due to incidents such as computer malfunction during a thunderstorm, alleged structural problems in some elevated segments, budget overruns, and fare prices.

The system opened on March 28, 1996, with the 10.5 km (6.5 mi) elevated Muzha Line, a driverless, medium-capacity line[25] with twelve stations running from Zhongshan Junior High School to Taipei Zoo. The first high-capacity line, the Tamsui Line, began service on March 28, 1997, running from Tamsui to Zhongshan Station. On December 23, 1998, the system passed the milestone of 100 million passengers.[27]

On December 24, 1999, a section of the Banqiao/Nangang Line was opened between Longshan Temple and Taipei City Hall.[25] This section became the first east-west line running through the city, connecting the two previously completed north-south lines. On May 31, 2006, the second stage of the Banqiao/Nangang Line and the Tucheng Line began operation.[25]

On July 4, 2009, with the opening of the Neihu Line, the last of the six original lines was completed. Due to controversy on whether to construct a medium-capacity or high-capacity line, construction of the line did not begin until 2002.[28]

The Xinyi and Songshan Lines were opened in Nov. 24, 2013 and Nov. 15, 2014 respectively. The Xinyi line connects to the Tamsui Line, and the Songshan line connects to the Xindian Line.

Important events

On September 17, 2001, Typhoon Nari flooded all underground tracks as well as 16 stations, the heavy-capacity system operation control center, the administration building, and the Nangang Depot.[29] The elevated Muzha Line was not seriously affected and resumed operations the next day.[8] However, the heavy-capacity lines were not restored to full operational status until three months later. Following this incident, TRTS has devoted more resources to flood prevention in the underground system.

On July 4, 2007, the Maokong Gondola, a new aerial lift/cable-car system, was opened to the public. The system connects the Taipei Zoo, Chi Nan Temple, and Maokong. Service was suspended on October 1, 2008 due to erosion from mudslides under a support pillar following Typhoon Jangmi.[30] The gondola officially resumed service as of March 31, 2010, after relocation of the pillar and passing safety inspections.[31]

On New Year's Eve 2009 and New Year's Day 2010, the Metro system transported 2.17 million passengers in 42 consecutive hours. On April 22, 2010 after 14 years of service, the system achieved the milestone of 4 billion cumulative riders.[32] On December 29, 2010, the system passed the benchmark of 500 million annual passengers for the first time.[33] The record for single day ridership hit 2.5 million passengers during the New Year's Eve celebrations on December 31, 2010.[34][35] Following opening of the Xinyi Line, the system reached another record of 2.75 million passengers on December 31, 2013.[36]

In May 2016, the Singapore Transport Minister, Khaw Boon Wan, said that his country’s rail operators, SBS Transit and SMRT, should emulate the example of the Taipei MRT system. Speaking at a rail engineering forum, he cited the Taipei MRT’s timely maintenance and replacement of assets, as well as its fast response to rail network problems. Khaw said the Singapore Land Transport Authority (LTA) is working with the TRTC to attach staff from SBS and SMRT to its metro workshops, so they can learn from its asset maintenance practices and engineering improvements. [37]

Knife attack

Main article: 2014 Taipei Metro attack

On May 21, 2014, 28 people were stabbed in a mass stabbing by a knife-wielding college student on the Taipei Metro Blue Line.[38] The attack occurred on a train near Jiangzicui Station, resulting in 4 deaths and 24 injured.[39] It was the first fatal attack on the metro system since it began operations in 1996. The suspect was 21-year-old university student Cheng Chieh (鄭捷), who was arrested at Jiangzicui Station immediately after the incident.[40]

Line number

After the Songshan Line opened, the naming system was changed to use a numerical system that is ordered by the date that each section of the line became operational. Hence, the Wenhu Line (Brown line) is designated Line 1 since it opened first on March 28, 1996. The Circular Line (Yellow line) was officially designated as Line 6, making it the first line to become operational since the line re-designation by numerical order, followed by the Wanda Line (Light green line) being designated as Line 7 as well. The possible "Line 8," rumored to be Minsheng-Xizhi Line (Sky blue line), is still under planning and pending approval.

Impact

Rapid Transit Ridership
YearMillions of Journeys±% p.a.
1996 11.2—    
1997 31.1+177.68%
1998 40.9+31.51%
1999 112.9+176.04%
2000 268.7+138.00%
2001 278.3+3.57%
2002 324.4+16.56%
2003 316.2−2.53%
2004 350.7+10.91%
2005 360.7+2.85%
2006 384+6.46%
2007 416.2+8.39%
2008 450+8.12%
2009 462.4+2.76%
2010 505.4+9.30%
2011 566.4+12.07%
2012 602.2+6.32%
2013 635+5.45%
2014 679.5+7.01%
2015 717.5+5.59%
Source: [2]
Inside a Taipei Metro train during rush hour

Despite earlier controversy, by the time the first phase of construction was completed in 2000, it was generally agreed that the metro project was a success and has since become an essential part of life in Taipei. The system has been effective in reducing traffic congestion in the city and has spurred the revival of satellite towns (like Tamsui) and development of new areas (like Nangang).[8][41] The system has also helped to increase average vehicle speed for routes running from New Taipei into Taipei.[42] Property prices along metro routes (both new and existing) tend to increase with the opening of more lines.[43][44]

Since the Taipei Metro joined the Nova International Railway Benchmarking Group and the Community of Metros (Nova/CoMET) in 2002, it has started collecting and analyzing data of the 33 Key Performance Indicators set by Nova/CoMET in order to compare them with those of other metro systems around the world, as a reference to improve its operation. Taipei Metro also has gained keys to success from case studies on different subjects such as safety, reliability, and incidents, and from the operational experiences of other metro systems.[45]

According to a study conducted by the Railway Technology Strategy Centre at Imperial College London,[46] and data gathered by Nova/CoMET, the Taipei Metro has ranked number 1 in the world for four consecutive years in terms of reliability, safety, and quality standards (2004–2007).[6] The most congested route sections handle over 38,000 commuters per hour during peak times.[47]

Facilities

Jiantan Station's unique dragon boat architecture on the Tamsui Line

Stations

The Taipei Metro provides an obstacle-free environment within the entire system; all stations and trains are handicap accessible. Features include:[48][49][50] handicap-capable restrooms, ramps and elevators for wheelchairs and strollers, tactile guide paths, extra-wide faregates, and trains with a designated wheelchair area.[51]

Beginning in September 2003, the English station names for Taipei Metro stations were converted to use Hanyu pinyin before the end of December, with brackets for Tongyong Pinyin names for signs shown at the station entrances and exits.[52][53] However, after the conversion, many stations were reported to have multiple conflicting English station names caused by inconsistent conversions, even for stations built after enactment of the new naming policy.[54][55] The information brochures (臺北市大眾捷運系統捷運站轉乘公車資訊手冊) printed in September 2004 still used Wade–Giles romanizations.[56]

To accommodate increasing passenger numbers, all metro stations have replaced turnstiles with speedgates since 2007, and single journey magnetic cards have been replaced by RFID tokens.[20] TRTS provides free mobile phone connections in all stations, trains, and tunnels and also provides WiFi WLAN connections at several station hotspots.[57] The world's first WiMAX-service metro trains were introduced on the Wenshan Line in 2007, allowing passengers to access the internet and watch live broadcasts.[58] Several stations are also equipped with mobile charging stations.[59]

Taipei City Hall Station's wide, island platform on the Nangang Line.

Platforms

Most stations on high-capacity lines have island platform configurations while a few have side platform configurations, and vice versa for medium-capacity lines (a few stations have island platform configurations but the majority of medium-capacity stations have side platform configurations). All high-capacity metro stations have a 150 m (490 ft) long platform to accommodate all six train cars on a typical metro train (with the exception of Xiaobitan). The width of the platform and concourse depends on the volume of transit; the largest stations include Taipei Main Station, Zhongxiao Fuxing, and Taipei City Hall. Some other transfer stations, including Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Guting, and Songjiang Nanjing, also have wide platforms.

Each station is equipped with LED displays and LCD TVs both in the concourse and on the platforms which display the time of arrival of the next train. At all underground stations, red lights along the platform edge (or on automatic platform gates at stations where they are installed) flash one minute prior to train arrival to alert passengers.

All the stations on the Brown Line and Xinzhuang/Luzhou Lines, as well as at Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center, are equipped with platform screen doors. High-traffic stations, including Taipei Main Station, Zhongxiao Fuxing, and Taipei City Hall,[60][61] have platform gates to prevent passengers and other objects from falling onto the rails.[6] For safety reasons, fifteen additional stations will be equipped with these gates in the future (including Ximen, Guting, and Banqiao).[62][63] All lines and extensions currently under construction will be equipped with platform screen doors. A Track Intrusion Detection System has also been installed to improve passenger safety at stations without platform doors.[6] The system uses infrared and radio detectors to monitor unusual movement in the track area.[64]

The East Metro Mall is an underground mall which connects between Zhongxiao Fuxing and Zhongxiao Dunhua.

Shopping centers

In addition to the rapid transit system itself, the TRTC operates several public facilities such as underground shopping malls, parks, and public squares in and around stations,[65] including:

As of 2008 there are 102 shops within the stations themselves.[6]

File:Nangang Station Platform Art.jpg
Public artwork by Jimmy Liao on the Nangang Station platform.

Public art

In the initial network, important stations such as transfer stations, terminal stations, and stations with heavy passenger flow were chosen for the installation of public art. The principles behind the locations of public art were visual focus and non-interference with passenger circulation and construction schedules. The artworks included murals, children's mosaic collages, sculptures, hung forms, spatial art, interactive art, and window displays. The selection methods included open competitions, invitational competitions, direct assignments, and cooperation with children.

Stations with public art displays include: Shuanglian, National Taiwan University Hospital, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Guting, Gongguan, Xindian, Xiaobitan, Dingxi, Nanshijiao, Taipei City Hall, Kunyang, Nangang, Haishan, and Tucheng. Stations with art galleries include Zhongshan, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Zhongxiao Fuxing, and Taipei Main Station.

The promotion for artwork continues today - the Department of Rapid Transit held a bid on providing public large scale artwork for the interiors of Sanchong Station. The bid is placed at over NTD 9 million.[67]

Transit

Transfers to city bus stations are available at all metro stations. In 2009, transfer volume between the metro and bus systems reached 444,100 transfers per day (counting only EasyCard users).[68] Connections to Taiwan Railway Administration trains are available at Taipei Main Station, Banqiao, and Nangang. Connections to Taiwan High Speed Rail are served by Taipei Main Station and Banqiao (with future service to Nangang under construction). Connections to Taipei Bus Station and Taipei City Hall Bus Station are available at Taipei Main Station and Taipei City Hall Station, respectively. The Maokong Gondola is accessible from Taipei Zoo.

Taipei Songshan Airport is served by the Songshan Airport Station.[69] A metro system to connect Taipei to Taoyuan International Airport is currently under construction and is expected to be completed by late 2016. Lines currently under construction will connect the system to additional TRA and THSR transfer stations.

Rolling stock

Rolling stocks on the Taipei Metro are multiple unit rolling stocks, using a third rail to provide electricity (750 volts DC) for propulsion. Each train is equipped with automatic train operation (ATO) for a partial or complete automatic train piloting and driverless functions.

Medium-capacity trains

Medium capacity VAL 256s on the Wenshan Line.
Bombardier Innovia 256 as seen on the Neihu Line.

The medium-capacity trains are 6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm) gauge rubber-tired trains with no onboard train operators but are operated remotely by the medium-capacity system operation control center. The Wenshan-Neihu Line uses a fixed-block Automatic Train Control (ATC) system. Each train consists of two 2-car Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) sets, with a total of 4 cars.[1] Each car is separate and not interconnected; passengers cannot walk between cars except when the train stops at a station.

The Wenshan Line was initially operated with VAL 256 trains cars, where two VAL 256 cars in the same set would share the same road number. As a result of this numbering scheme, the 102 cars of the VAL fleet have car numbers from 1 to 51. On June 2003, Bombardier was awarded a contract to supply the Neihu Line with 202 Innovia 256 train cars [2], to install the communications-based CITYFLO 650 moving-block ATC system to replace the fixed-block ATC system and also to retrofit the existing 102 VAL 256 cars with the CITYFLO 650 ATC system. Integration of Bombardier's trains with the existing Brown Line proved to be difficult in the beginning, with multiple system malfunctions and failures during the first three months of operation.[70] Retrofitting older trains also took longer than expected, as the older trains must undergo several hours of reliability tests during non-service hours. The VAL 256 trains resumed operations in December 2010.

The AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro will be used on the yellow line, which will be scheduled to be placed into service in June 2018 with the opening of the first section of the yellow line.

Heavy-capacity trains

A C301 High Capacity Train
A C371 High Capacity Train (1st batch)
A C341 High Capacity Train
A C371 High Capacity Train (2nd batch)
A C381 High Capacity Train

The heavy-capacity trains have steel wheels and are operated by an on-board train operator. The trains are computer-controlled. The operator, who is both motorman and conductor, is responsible for opening and closing the doors and making announcements. ATC controls all train movements, including braking, acceleration and speed control, but can be manually overridden by the operator in the case of an emergency.

Each train consists of two 3-car Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) sets with a total of 6 cars.[1] Each 3-car EMU set is permanently coupled as DM-T-M, where DM is the motor car with cab, T is a trailer car and M is the motor car without cab. Each motor car has two AC traction motors. The configuration of a 6-car train is DM-T-M-M-T-DM. All cars are interconnected by passage links to allow passengers to pass freely between cars.

In Set XXX, the road number of a DM car is 1XXX, the road number of a T car is 2XXX and the road number of an M car is 3XXX. The table below shows the set numbers of the heavy-capacity car types, which include Types C301, C321, C341, C371, and C381. For example, if the car numbers of a C301 train is 1001-2001-3001-3002-2002-1002, two C301 sets 001 and 002 form this train.

A single set cannot be in revenue service except C371 single sets 397-399, where their M car is exactly a DM car despite its car number being 3XXX. These single sets run exclusively on Xinbeitou Branch Line and Xiaobitan Branch Line.[71] Before the C371 single sets were in revenue service on July 22, 2006, the M cars of C301 sets 013-014 were converted to temporary cab cars to run the Xinbeitou Branch Line.

In 2010, the new C381 was built for Taipei Metro to cope with increasing passenger ridership and the expansion of its network route. Upon entering service on October 7, 2012, three C381 trainsets are servicing the Beitou - Taipower Building segment of the Tamsui and Xindian Lines, with the remaining fleet being put into service on October 20, 2012. These trains provided much-needed capacity increase when the Xinyi and Songshan Lines opened in late-2013. After November 2014, the C381 trains are serving Lines 2 (Tamsui-Xinyi Line) and 3 (Songshan-Xindian Line)[needs update]. In addition to their assigned lines, the C381 sets are more distinctive than earlier heavy capacity models with double blue stripes and the re-positioning of the logo from the driver's door to well below of passenger's windows, right on the stripe; as well as the more "sleeker" cab and the new advertising screens (as seen in newer Japanese commuter trains such as the E233 series) to improve energy efficiency, although it retains the same propulsion as the C371s.

Fleet roster

Car
Type 		Year
Built 		Builder Car
Length/
Width/
Height 		Seating
capacity
per car 		Total
capacity
Per car 		Max.
speed 		Fleet
total 		Car
set
numbers 		Lines
currently
on 		Notes
VAL256 / 350 1990~1993 Matra and GEC Alsthom 13.78 m/
2.56 m/
3.53 m 		24 114 80
km/h 		102 01~51 2-car set
Innovia 256 / 350 2006~2007 Bombardier 13.78 m/
2.54 m/
3.53 m 		20 142 80
km/h 		202 101~201 2-car set
301 1992~1994 Kawasaki and URC 23.5 m/
3.2 m/
3.6 m 		60 368 90
km/h 		132 001/002~043/044 6-car set
(DM-T-M-M-T-DT)[Note 5]
321 1998~1999 Siemens AG 23.5 m/
3.2 m/
3.6 m 		60 368 90
km/h 		216 101/102~171/172 6-car set
(DM-T-M-M-T-DT)[Note 6]
341 2003 Siemens AG 23.5 m/
3.2 m/
3.6 m 		60 368 90
km/h 		36 201/202~211/212 6-car set
(DM-T-M-M-T-DT)[Note 7]
371 2005~2009 Kawasaki and TRSC 23.5 m/
3.2 m/
3.6 m 		60 368 90
km/h 		321 301/302~337/338 (1st batch)
401/402~465/466 (2nd batch)
397~399 (for branch lines only)

6-car set
(DM-T-M-M-T-DT)[Note 8]
381 2010~2013 Kawasaki and TRSC 23.5 m/
3.2 m/
3.6 m 		60 368 90
km/h 		138 501/502~547/548
[Note 9] 		6-car set
(DM-T-M-M-T-DT)[Note 10]

Depots

The system currently has 8 depots, with more under construction.[72]

Depot Name Year Opened Location Rolling Stock Housed Line(s) Served
Muzha 1996 Wenshan, northeast of Taipei Zoo Station VAL256
Beitou 1997 Beitou, southwest of Fuxinggang Station Kawasaki C301, C381
Zhonghe 1998 Zhonghe, east of Nanshijiao Station Kawasaki C371
Xindian 1999 Xindian, northwest of Xiaobitan Station Kawasaki C371, C381
Nangang 2000 Nangang, southeast of Kunyang Station Siemens C321, C341
Tucheng 2006 Tucheng, southwest of Far Eastern Hospital Station Siemens C321, C341
Neihu 2009 Nangang, northeast of Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center Station Innovia 256
Luzhou 2010 Luzhou, northeast of Luzhou Station Kawasaki C371
  • Beitou Depot stabling tracks
    Beitou Depot stabling tracks
  • Washing facilities at Beitou Depot
    Washing facilities at Beitou Depot
  • Inside Beitou Depot
    Inside Beitou Depot
  • Xindian Depot building
    Xindian Depot building
  • Xindian Depot stabling tracks
    Xindian Depot stabling tracks
  • Nangang Depot access and stabling tracks
    Nangang Depot access and stabling tracks
  • Birds-eye view of Muzha Depot
    Birds-eye view of Muzha Depot
  • Trains stabled at Muzha Depot
    Trains stabled at Muzha Depot

Future expansion

Taipei Rail Map showing current lines, lines under construction, and planned lines. Other rail systems are also shown.

Lines approved and under construction

The following lines and segments are currently under construction:[14][73][74][75]

Line Planned opening date Termini Stations Length (km) Depot
width=18 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#Template:TRTS color| Taoyuan Airport MRT
(Not a part of Taipei Metro)		 Early 2017 Taipei Main Station Sanchong 0 4[76] Luzhu
Sanchong Huanbei 22 51.03 Luzhu
width=18 bgcolor=#Template:TRTS color| 6 Circular Line Stage 1 June 2018 New Taipei Industrial Park Dapinglin 14 15.4 South
width=18 bgcolor=#Template:TRTS color| Xinyi Eastern
Extension		 2022 Xiangshan Zhongpo 2 1.6 Beitou
width=18 bgcolor=#Template:TRTS color| 7 Wanda Line Stage 1 December 2020 CKS Memorial Hall Zhonghe Senior
High School		 9 8.8

Taoyuan Airport MRT

Main article: Taoyuan International Airport MRT

The Taoyuan International Airport MRT is a rapid transit line planned to connect Taipei and Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport, before linking up with the Taoyuan MRT to THSR Taoyuan Station and onwards to Zhongli District. Construction began in 2006 and the system was scheduled to begin service in June 2013,[77] but delays have occurred and is now expected to open in 2017.[78] The route will be 51.03 km (31.71 mi)-long with 7 underground stations, 15 elevated stations, and two maintenance depots (Chingpu and Luzhu). Elevated track makes up 40.11 km (24.92 mi) of the total route length.[79] The total budget for the project is NT$93.6 billion.[80] As of end of March 2016, the project is 97.76% complete.[81] Upon completion, the line is expected to serve over 143,000 passengers per day.[82] The entire system is expected to cost NT$113.85 billion.[77]

Xinzhuang Line extension

Main article: Xinzhuang Line

The Xinzhuang Line is fully open for commercial service. However, the Xinzhuang Depot is still under construction and not expected to be finished until 2022.[83]

Circular Line

Main article: Circular Line

The Circular Line is an elevated, medium-capacity line currently under construction in New Taipei. The first section is scheduled to open in mid 2018. Stage I construction consists of the section from New Taipei Industrial Park to Dapinglin on the Xindian Line and will be about 15.4 km (9.6 mi) long with 14 stations.[84] Ansaldo STS will supply electromechanical equipment for the line, including driverless technology and CBTC Radio signalling.[85]

Planned lines

The following lines are currently in the planning stages:[86]

Line Termini Stations Length (km) Depot
7 Wanda-Zhonghe-Shulin Line Zhonghe Senior
High School		 Huilong 13 13.3
Minsheng-Xizhi Line Dadaocheng Xizhi 15 17.52 Xizhi
6 Circular Line North Section Jiannan Road Business Exhibition Center 11 14.3 East
Circular Line South Section Dapinglin Taipei Zoo 6 5.6
Ankeng Line Shisizhang Erbazi Botanical Garden 10 7.8 Erbazi
Sanying LRT Dingpu Pade 14 18.6
Shezi, Shilin, and Beitou Light Rail Lines Shezi Tianmu 11 8.8
Beitou Daqiaotou 10 9.1
North-South Line Jiannan Road Xiulang Bridge 16 17.1
Shenkeng LRT Taipei Zoo Shiding Service Area 6 7.8

Minsheng-Xizhi Line

As of February 2011, New Taipei has been pursuing the construction of the 17.52-km Minsheng-Xizhi Line, though the most recent plan was rejected by the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, citing the need for further evidence for the line's viability.[87] The city plans to re-submit the proposal, and the project is estimated to cost NT$42.2 billion (US$1.44 billion).[87] A possible 4.25-km extension of the line to connect with Keelung's Lightrail Transit System is also being considered.[88]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Neihu and Wenshan Line are collectively called Wenshan-Neihu Line or Wenhu Line since October 8, 2009. Wenshan Line was previously known as Muzha Line.
  2. ^ Tamsui was previously known as Danshui.
  3. ^ Xinzhuang and Luzhou Line are collectively called Xinlu Line since January 5, 2012.
  4. ^ Banqiao and Nangang Line are collectively called Bannan Line and become official name since 2009.
  5. ^ 2 301 sets per train in revenue service, not mixable with other car types.
  6. ^ 2 C321 sets per train in revenue service, not mixable with other car types.
  7. ^ 2 C341 sets per train in revenue service, not mixable with other car types.
  8. ^ 2 371 sets per train in revenue service except Sets 397-399, which run as single sets. Not mixable with other car types
  9. ^ (Planned)
  10. ^ 2 381 sets per train in revenue service, not mixable with other car types.

References

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  3. ^ Tamsui-Xinyi Line headway info
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  5. ^ 內湖線則採用膠輪/鋼軌系統，中心線間距為1,880mm。此外，木柵線因採膠輪/水泥軌道系統，一般來說並無軌距之分，但其凸出於路面的兩條行車水泥軌枕，中心線間距為1,880mm。
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