1945 in aviation

Years in aviation:	1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948
Centuries:	19th Century · 20th century · 21st century
Decades:	1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s
Years:	1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948

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This is a list of aviation-related events from 1945:

[edit] Events

The probe-and-drogue aerial refueling system, in which the tanker aircraft trails a hose with a stabilizing conical drogue at its end which mates to a fixed probe mounted on the receiving aircraft, is perfected. It is superior to and replaces the looped-hose system which had been in use since 1934, and it remains in use today.^[1]

[edit] January

January 1 – The Luftwaffe targets Allied airfields in Europe in "Operation Bodenplatte."
January 2 – Japanese aircraft attack United States Army Air Forces B-29 Superfortress bases on Saipan for the last time.^[2]
January 2 – U.S. Army Air Forces Twentieth Air Force B-29s based at Calcutta, India, bomb Bangkok, Siam.^[3]
January 3 – The United States Navy creates its first aircraft carrier task group devoted to night flying, Task Group 38.5, consisting of the carriers USS Enterprise (CV-6) and USS Independence (CVL-22) and six destroyers.^[4]
January 3–4 – U.S. Navy Task Force 38 begins its support of the U.S. invasion of Lingayen Gulf with carrier air strikes against Japanese forces and facilities on Formosa, the Pescadores, the Sakishima Gunto, and Okinawa, with the loss of 22 U.S. aircraft. Bad weather curtails the strikes and makes bomb damage assessment impossible, although the task force believes it has destroyed about 100 Japanese aircraft.^[5]
January 4 – A single Japanese bomber destroys 11 U.S. Navy PV-1 Ventura patrol aircraft parked at Tacloban Airfield on Leyte.^[6]
January 4 – The escort aircraft carrier USS Ommaney Bay (CVE-79) is fatally damaged by a Japanese kamikaze in the Sulu Sea and scuttled later in the day.^[7]
January 4 – The Japanese make their last kamikaze attack on the U.S. invasion force off Mindoro, causing a cargo ship carrying ammunition to explode, killing all 71 merchant mariners on board.^[8]
January 5 – Kamikazes damage the U.S. escort carrier USS Manila Bay (CVE-61) and heavy cruiser USS Louisville (CA-28) and the Australian heavy cruiser HMAS Australia in the South China Sea west of Manila Bay.^[9]
January 6 – Twentieth Air Force B-29s raid the Ōmura aircraft factory on Kyushu.^[3]
January 6 – Task Force 38 carrier aircraft attack Japanese forces and facilities on Luzon, claiming 14 Japanese aircraft destroyed in the air and 18 on the ground in exchange for the loss of 17 U.S. aircraft, but bad weather prevents them from employing the "Big Blue Blanket" tactic of maintaining continuous coverage over Japanese airfields to prevent Japanese aircraft from attacking the U.S. invasion force in Lingayen Gulf. In Lingayen Gulf, kamikazes damage the battleship USS New Mexico (BB-40), killing 30 – including British Lieutenant General Herbert Lumsden – the battleship USS California (BB-44), the heavy cruiser USS Louisville (CA-28) – mortally wounding Rear Admiral Theodore E. Chandler – the heavy cruiser HMAS Australia, the light cruiser USS Columbia (CL-56), three destroyers, a destroyer-minesweeper, and a destroyer-transport and sink a destroyer-minesweeper.^[10]
January 7 – In clearer weather, Task Force 38 aircraft employ the "Big Blue Blanket" tactic over Luzon, flying 757 sorties, shooting down all four Japanese aircraft that they meet in the air and claiming another 75 destroyed on the ground. Task Force 38 loses 10 planes in combat and 18 due to non-combat causes. Eleven U.S. escort aircraft carriers in Lingayen Gulf contribute another 143 sorties, and U.S. Army Air Forces planes also participate. In Lingayen Gulf, kamikazes sink a destroyer and a destroyer-minesweeper.^[11]
January 8 – A kamikaze again damages the heavy cruiser HMAS Australia in Lingayen Gulf. Out in the South China Sea, kamikazes damage the escort carriers USS Kadashan Bay (CVE-76) and USS Kitkun Bay (CVE-71) and an attack transport.^[12]
January 8 – The Pan American World Airways Martin M-130 flying boat China Clipper, operating as Flight 161, strikes a blacked-out boat and crashes while landing at Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, killing between 23 and 25 of the 30 people on board.
January 9 – U.S. forces invade Luzon, landing at Lingayen Gulf. During the day, kamikazes attacking ships in the gulf damage the battleship USS Mississippi (BB-41) and the light cuiser USS Columbia (CL-56).^[13]
January 9 – Task Force 38 carrier aircraft strike Japanese targets at Formosa and Miyako-jima in foul weather, flying 717 sorties and dropping 212 tons (192,325 kg) of bombs. They shoot down all four Japanese aircraft they encounter in the air and claim 42 more on the ground, in exchange for the loss of 10 U.S. aircraft. They also sink a number of merchant ships and small naval craft. It is the last of seven days of Task Force 38 support to the Lingayen landings, during which it has flown 3,030 combat sorties, dropped 9,110 bombs – totaling about 700 tons (635,036 kg) of bombs – and lost 46 planes in combat and 40 to non-combat causes.^[14]
January 9 – B-29s based at Kunming, China, attack Japanese shipping along the coast of Formosa, while Mariana Islands-based B-29s drop 122 tons (110,678 kg) of bombs on Japan.^[15]
January 11 – U.S. Army Air Forces Twentieth Air Force B-29s based at Calcutta bomb Singapore.^[3]
January 12 – With 850 aircraft aboard its carriers, Task Force 38 strikes targets along a 420-nautical mile (778-km) stretch of the coast of French Indochina, flying 1,465 sorties; sinking 12 tankers, 17 other merchant ships, the disarmed French cruiser La Motte-Picquet, and 15 Japanese naval vessels, including the light cruiser Kashii; and destroying 15 Japanese aircraft in the air, 77 on the ground, and 20 floatplanes on Camranh Bay in exchange for the loss of 23 U.S. aircraft.^[16]
January 12–13 – Kamikazes resume attacks in Lingayen Gulf, damaging a destroyer escort, a destroyer-transport, an attack transport, and several merchant ships.^[17]
January 13 – A kamikaze damages the escort carrier USS Salamaua (CVE-96) in the South China Sea off the mouth of Lingayen Gulf. It is the last successful kamikaze attack in the waters of the Philippine Islands.^[18]
January 14 – U.S. Army Air Forces Twentieth Air Force B-29s bomb Formosa.^[3]
January 15 – Task Force 38 carrier aircraft in bad weather strike Japanese forces in China, Formosa, and the Pescadores, sinking two destroyers, a transport, and a tanker and destroying 16 Japanese aircraft in the air and 18 on the ground in exchange for the loss of 12 U.S. aircraft.^[19]
January 15 – The German submarine U-1172 torpedoes the British escort aircraft carrier HMS Thane in the Irish Sea near the Clyde Lightvessel. Thane never again is seaworthy.^[20]
January 16 – Task Force 38 aircraft strike Hong Kong, Hainan, and Canton and sweep the coast of China from the Liuchow Peninsula to Swatow. Hampered by bad weather, they sink two merchant ships and damage four others and destroy 13 Japanese planes in exchange for the loss of 22 U.S. aircraft in combat and five to non-combat causes.^[19]
January 16 – U.S. Navy escort carrier support to the Lingayen Gulf landings ends. During 12 days of support, their aircraft have flown 6,152 sorties and claimed 92 Japanese aircraft destroyed in exchange for the loss of two aircraft, both FM Wildcat fighters.^[21]
January 16 – The new British Pacific Fleet departs Ceylon for Australia.^[22]
January 16–20 – The U.S. Army Air Forces Fourteenth Air Force destroys over 100 Japanese planes on the ground in and around Shanghai, China.^[3]
January 17 – Twentieth Air Force B-29s bomb Formosa.^[3]
January 21 – Task Force 38 aircraft fly 1,164 sorties in strikes on Formosa, the Pescadores, and the Sakishima Gunto, sinking five tankers and five other merchant ships and destroying two Japanese aircraft in the air and 104 on the ground. In Japanese air attacks on the task force, a bomber damages the aircraft carrier USS Langley (CVL-27) and kamikazes damage the carrier USS Ticonderoga (CV-14) and a destroyer; an accidental bomb explosion during a landing accident damages the carrier USS Hancock (CV-19).^[23]
January 21 – The British East Indies Fleet aircraft carriers HMS Ameer and HMS Shah support the landings of the 26th Indian Infantry Division on Ramree Island off the coast of Burma.^[24]
January 22 – Task Force 38 aircraft conduct an early morning night strike against Formosa, sinking a large tanker in exchange for the loss of three U.S. aircraft, then fly 682 sorties during daylight hours to strike and conduct photographic reconnaissance missions against Okinawa, the Sakishima Gunto, Ie Shima, and Amami O Shima, destroying 28 Japanese aircraft, all on the ground. Task Force 38 then retires to its base at Ulithi Atoll. During January 1945, its aircraft have destroyed 300,000 tons of Japanese shipping and claimed 615 Japanese planes destroyed in exchange for the loss of 201 U.S. carrier aircraft.^[25]
January 22 – U.S. Army Air Forces aircraft begin a heavy bombing campaign against Japanese forces on Corregidor. By the time U.S. ground forces land on Corregidor on February 15–16, they will drop over 3,200 tons (2,903,021 kg) of bombs on the island.^[26]
January 24 – Twentieth Air Force B-29s bomb Iwo Jima.^[27]
January 26 – The British aircraft carriers HMS Ameer and HMS Shah support the landings of the Royal Marines on Cheduba Island off the coast of Burma.^[24]
January 27 – Twentieth Air Force B-29s based at Calcutta bomb Saigon, French Indochina.^[3]
January 29 – Twentieth Air Force B-29s bomb Iwo Jima.^[27]
January 29 – The Germans scuttle the incomplete aircraft carrier Seydlitz – the proposed name "Weser" for her had never been officially assigned – at Königsberg to prevent her capture by the Soviet Union.^[28]
January 31 – The U.S. Army Air Forces' Seventh Air Force begins two weeks of day-and-night bombing of Iwo Jima.^[27]
January 31 – Twentieth Air Force B-29s based at Calcutta bomb Singapore.^[3]
January 31 – During January, B-29s raiding Japan have suffered a 5.7 percent loss rate.^[29]

[edit] February

The U.S. Navy's first recorded use of JATO, utilized to lift a PBM-5 Mariner off of a stretch of the Colorado River near Yuma, Arizona after being forced down.^[30]
Two Imperial Japanese Army Air Force Mitsubishi Ki-46-IV (Allied reporting name "Dinah") reconnaissance aircraft fly 2,301 km (1,430 statute miles) at an average speed of 700 km/hr (435 mph), a notable combination of speed and endurance for the time.^[31]
Japan's Urgent Dispersal of Plants Act orders the dispersal of Japanese industry to underground, semi-underground, and surface sites, with aircraft plants taking top priority. Although it does not become a general effort until April or May, Japanese officials predict completion of the mandated dispersal by December 1945.^[32]
February 3 - Bound for the Kola Inlet in the Soviet Union, Convoy JW 64 becomes the first Arctic convoy to depart from the River Clyde. Its escort, designated Operation Hotbed, includes the British escort aircraft carriers HMS Campania and HMS Nairana. Campania carries the first night fighter involved in a convoy escort operation, a Fairey Fulmar equipped with airborne intercept radar.^[33]
February 4 – The British Pacific Fleet arrives at Fremantle, Australia.^[34]
February 6 – The United States Coast Guard's efforts to develop the United States Department of the Navy's capability to use the helicopter as an antisubmarine warfare platform come to an end.^[35]
February 7 – 12 German Junkers Ju 88s attack Convoy JW 64 during its voyage from the Clyde to the Kola Inlet. An escorting corvette shoots one down.^[33]
February 10 – German Junkers Ju 88s attack Convoy JW 64 in the Arctic Ocean.^[33]
February 12 – U.S. Army Air Forces Twentieth Air Force B-29s bomb Iwo Jima. In this raid and their January 24 and 29 raids, they have dropped a combined total of 367 tons (332,940 kg) of bombs on the island.^[27]
February 13–15 – Allied bombers attack Dresden with incendiary weapons, destroying most of the city and killing some 50,000 people.
February 15 – In ten weeks of steady bombardment of Iwo Jima, the U.S. Army Air Forces' Seventh and Twentieth Air Forces have dropped nearly 6,800 tons (6,168,920 kg) of bombs on the island.^[36]
February 16 – During the U.S. seizure of Corregidor, the United States Army's 503rd Parachute Regimental Combat Team conducts a paratrooper assault onto the island.^[37]
February 16 – U.S. Navy surface ships conduct a two-day pre-invasion bombardment of Iwo Jima. Operating from the escort aircraft carrier USS Wake Island (CVE-65), U.S. Navy Observation Composite Squadron 1 (VOC-1) makes the Pacific Theater debut for such squadrons, in which pilots trained in artillery observation direct surface ship gunfire from fighters and torpedo bombers, augmenting or replacing the more vulnerable shipboard floatplanes carried for that purpose.^[38]
February 16–17 – Eleven fleet aircraft carriers and five light aircraft carriers of the U.S. Navy's Task Force 58 conduct the first carrier-based airstrikes against Japan proper since the April 1942 Doolittle Raid, attacking targets in and around Tokyo and Tokyo Bay. U.S. Navy aircraft fly 2,761 sorties, claiming 341 Japanese planes shot down and 190 destroyed on the ground, several ships and craft sunk in Tokyo Bay, and damage to Japanese airframe and aircraft engine plants in exchange for 60 U.S. aircraft lost in combat and 28 more lost due to non-combat causes.^[38]
February 19 – U.S. Marine Corps forces invade Iwo Jima, beginning the Iwo Jima campaign.^[39]
February 20 – 25 German Junkers Ju 88s attack Convoy RA 64 with torpedoes as it steams from the Kola Inlet to the River Clyde. Wildcats from the British aircraft carriers HMS Campania and HMS Nairana shoot down at least three of them.^[33]
February 20–21 (overnight) – 13 Japanese air raids strike at U.S. Fifth Fleet ships off Iwo Jima.^[40]
February 21 – Japanese kamikaze attacks strike U.S. ships off Iwo Jima. They badly damage the aircraft carrier USS Saratoga (CV-3), which suffers 123 killed and missing and 192 wounded and the loss of 42 aircraft and is out of action for three months; sink the escort carrier USS Bismarck Sea (CVE-95) with the loss of 218 of her crew; and damage the escort carrier USS Lunga Point (CVE-94) and netlayer USS Keokuk (CMc-6). Bismarck Sea is to date the last U.S. aircraft carrier sunk by enemy action.^[41]
February 23-March 2 – The night fighter squadron aboard USS Enterprise (CV-6), operating off Iwo Jima, keeps planes airborne for a record 174 consecutive hours.^[42]
February 25 – Carrier aircraft of the U.S. Navy's Task Force 58 strike targets around Tokyo, but bad weather forces the cancellation of many strikes.^[43]
February 27 – Off Iwo Jima, the U.S. Navy tank landing ship USS LST-776, specially equipped with booms and cables for launching light aircraft, achieves the first successful launch of a Piper OY-1 Cub observation plane.^[44]

[edit] March

March 1 – Carrier aircraft of U.S. Navy Task Force 58 strike Okinawa and conduct photographic reconnaissance flights over Okinawa, Kerama Retto, Minami Daito, and Amami O Shima.^[45]
March 4 – Task Force 58 returns to base at Ulithi Atoll. During its two-week cruise to the Tokyo area and Okinawa its pilots have claimed 393 Japanese aircraft shot down and 250 destroyed on the ground, in exchange for the loss of 84 planes, 60 pilots, and 21 aircrewmen in combat and 59 planes, eight pilots, and six aircrewmen in non-combat incidents.^[46]
March 4 – Low on fuel after a raid on Japan, a B-29 Superfortress lands on Iwo Jima, the first of about 2,400 B-29s to do so before World War II ends in August.^[47]
March 9 – Disappointed in strategic bombing results against Japan with B-29 Superfortresses employing high-altitude daylight bombing as used in Europe, the United States Army Air Forces' Twentieth Air Force switches to low-altitude night bombing of Japan using incendiary bombs for the rest of World War II.^[48]
March 9–10 – The Great Tokyo Air Raid, an overnight incendiary bombing raid by B-29 Superfortresses on Tokyo, is one of the most destructive air raids in history. It creates a firestorm which destroys 41 square kilometers (16 sq mi) of the city, killing an estimated 88,000 to 125,000 people, injuring at least 41,000 and perhaps as many as a million people, and leaving probably a million people homeless.
March 13–14 – An Avro Lancaster of No. 617 Squadron RAF drops the first 22,000 lb (9,980 kg) Grand Slam bomb.
March 18 – Carrier aircraft of the U.S. Navy's Task Force 58 strike Kyushu.^[49]
March 19 – Task Force 58 strikes ships in Japan's Inland Sea, damaging the battleship Yamato, the aircraft carriers Amagi and Ryūhō, and 14 other ships, followed by fighter sweeps over Kyushu.^[50] Counterattacks by Japanese aircraft damage the aircraft carriers USS Wasp (CV-18), which suffers 101 killed and 269 wounded but remains in action for several more days, and USS Franklin (CV-13), which suffers 724 killed or missing and 265 wounded.^[51] Franklin survives to limp home to the United States despite near-fatal damage – probably the most severely damaged aircraft carrier every to make it back to port – and never returns to service.
March 21 – The Imperial Japanese Navy uses its Yokosuka MXY7 Ohka ("Cherry Blossom") rocket-powered human-guided anti-shipping kamikaze attack plane operationally for the first time, but without success.
March 22 – USS Enterprise (CV-6) is damaged by a flight deck fire caused by American antiaircraft fire, and Task Force 58 retires from Japanese waters. During its strikes on Kyushu and the Inland Sea it has claimed 528 Japanese aircraft destroyed; Japan admits to 163 aircraft lost in air-to-air combat and additional Japanese planes destroyed on the ground.^[52]
March 23-April 1 – Task Force 58 conducts strikes on Okinawa and vicinity.^[53]
March 23 – The British Pacific Fleet, centered around the aircraft carriers HMS Indomitable, HMS Victorious, HMS Illustrious, and HMS Indefatigable, departs Ulithi Atoll to begin operations as Task Force 57 of the United States Fifth Fleet.^[34]
March 24 – 112 carrier aircraft of Task Force 58 sink an entire convoy of eight Japanese ships 150 nautical miles (278 km) northwest of Okinawa.^[54]
March 24 – Allied forces began large-scale crossings of the Rhine as Operation Varsity, the operation involved 2,000 transport aircraft and gliders.
March 25 – Japanese aircraft make their last raid on Iwo Jima. U.S. Army Air Forces P-61 Black Widow night fighters based on the island shoot down several of the Japanese planes and drive off the rest.^[55]
March 25 – The Japanese high command issues an alert for Operation Ten-Go, a concentrated air attack against amphibious forces preparing to invade Okinawa.^[56]
March 26 – The United States declares the Iwo Jima operation "completed."^[57]
March 26 – The British Pacific Fleet conducts its first combat operation, launching aistrikes against Japanese airfields on Miyako-jima.^[34]
March 26 – A kamikaze damages the battleship USS Nevada (BB-36) off Okinawa, killing 11 and wounding 49.^[58]
March 27 – In support of the upcoming U.S. invasion of Okinawa, Twentieth Air Force B-29s strike airfields and an aircraft factory on Kyushu and lay naval mines in Shimonoseki Strait.^[59]
March 27 – The final V-2 missile to hit England falls in Kent.
March 31 – Twentieth Air Force B-29s again raid Japanese airfields on Kyushu.^[56]
March 31 – A kamikaze damages the U.S. heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis (CA-35) off Okinawa, killing 9 and wounding 20.^[60]

[edit] April

April 1 – The Nakajima Aircraft Company comes under the control of the Japanese government and is renamed the First Munitions Arsenal.^[61]
April 1 – Operation Iceberg, the American invasion of Okinawa, begins the Okinawa campaign. Ohkas score hits on the battleship USS West Virginia (BB-48) and three of her escorts, and a kamikaze hits the aircraft carrier HMS Indefatigable, which remains in action.^[62]
April 6–7 – The Japanese begin Operation Ten-Go with the first and largest of ten major Kikusui ("Floating Chrysanthemum") kamikaze attacks against Allied naval forces off Okinawa, committing 355 kamikazes and 341 bombers. On the first day, they sink two destroyers, a destroyer-minelayer, a tank landing ship, and two civilian ammunition ships and badly damage eight destroyers, a destroyer escort, and a minelayer. The Americans claim 357 Japanese planes destroyed. On the second day, the Japanese damage the battleship USS Maryland (BB-46), a destroyer, and a destroyer escort.^[63]
April 7 – Accompanying B-29 Superfortresses, P-51 Mustangs of the U.S. Army Air Forces' 15th, 21st, and 506th Fighter Groups based on Iwo Jima become the first Allied fighters to escort bombers all the way to Tokyo, Japan, and back. The escort flights last seven to eight hours.^[64] Fifty-four B-29s land on Iwo Jima during the day.^[65]
April 7 – 386 carrier aircraft of Task Force 58 attack an Imperial Japanese Navy task force bound for Okinawa while it is steaming in the East China Sea, sinking the battleship Yamato, the light cruiser Yahagi, and four of their eight escorting destroyers.^[66] It ends the last offensive sortie by Japanese surface ships of World War II.
April 9 – Over 300 Royal Air Force bombers raid the dockyard at Kiel, Germany. They capsize the German "pocket battleship" Admiral Scheer with a direct hit and several near misses.^[67]
April 9 – The United Kingdom transfers the escort aircraft carrier HMS Biter to France, which immediately commissions her into the French Navy as Dixmude. Dixmude is France's first aircraft carrier since the demilitarization of Béarn in 1942.^[68]
April 10 – The Luftwaffe flies its final sortie over the United Kingdom, a reconnaissance mission from Norway by an Arado Ar 234.
April 12–13 – The second Japanese Kikusui attack on Allied ships off Okinawa includes 145 kamikazes, which attack along with 150 fighters and 45 torpedo bombers. U.S. Navy ships and aircraft claim 298 Japanese aircraft destroyed. On April 12, the destroyer USS Mannert L. Abele (DD-733) becomes the first ship to be sunk by an Ohka. Kamikazes also hit the battleship USS Tennessee (BB-43), four destroyers, four destroyer escorts, a destroyer-minelayer, a minesweeper, and several smaller craft.^[69]
April 14/15 (overnight) – An Avro Lancaster on a night mission against Potsdam becomes the last British bomber shot down by a German night fighter during World War II.^[70]
April 15–16 – Task Force 58 launches fighter sweeps over Kyushu, claiming 29 Japanese aircraft shot down and 51 destroyed on the ground on the first day.^[71]
April 15–16 – The third Japanese Kikusui attack on ships off Okinawa includes 165 kamikazes. They sink the destroyer USS Pringle (DD-477) and a minesweeper and damage the aircraft carrier USS Intrepid (CV-11), three destroyers, a destroyer escort, a minesweeper, and a landing craft.^[72]
April 16 – The final Soviet assault against Berlin begins with strikes by 150 Soviet Air Force night bombers of the 4th and 16th Air Armies against German positions in the early morning hours, coordinated with mortar and artillery attacks. By 1500 hours, 647 Soviet combat aircraft are in the air. The day ends with the Soviet Air Force having flown 5,300 sorties, claiming 131 German aircraft shot down in exchange for 87 Soviet aircraft.^[73]
April 20 – A Swordfish from the Merchant Aircraft Carrier (or "MAC-ship") MV Empire MacAndrew drops two depth charges on a periscope sighting position in the last attack on a submarine by a MAC-ship's aircraft. During World War II, no submarine makes a successful attack against a convoy containing a MAC-ship. MAC-ship aircraft have attacked 12 German submarines; although they never sink one, their activities have proven very effective in convoy defense.^[74]
April 23 – The United States Navy puts its first radar-guided bomb, the SWOD-9 "Bat" into use, dropping it from Consolidated PB4Y Liberators on Japanese shipping in Balikpapan Harbour.
April 25 – 275 B-17s escorted by four groups of P-51 Mustangs attack the Pilzen-Škoda armament factory in Czechoslovakia. It is the last heavy bomber mission by the United States Army Air Forces' 8th Air Force against an industrial target.
April 25 – The incomplete German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin is scuttled at Stettin to prevent her capture by the Soviet Union.^[28]
April 26–27 (overnight) – 563 bombers of the Soviet Air Force's 18th Air Army strike Berlin.^[75]
April 27–28 – The fourth Japanese Kikusui attack on ships off Okinawa includes 115 kamikazes. They sink an ammunition ship and damage four destroyers and the hospital ship USS Comfort (AH-6).^[76]
April 30-May 7 – To divert Japanese attention from Operation Dracula and suppress Japanese airpower in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, aircraft from the British aircraft carriers HMS Empress and HMS Shah fly 400 sorties over eight days against Japanese airfields and shipping in the islands, losing one aircraft.^[77]

[edit] May

May 1 – The U.S. Navy's mixed-propulsion Ryan FR Fireball becomes the first aircraft incorporating jet propulsion to qualify for use aboard aircraft carriers.^[78]
May 2 – The British East Indies Fleet's 21st Aircraft Carrier Squadron – consisting of the aircraft carriers HMS Emperor, HMS Hunter, HMS Khedive, and HMS Stalker – begin support of Operation Dracula, a British assault on Rangoon, Burma. Their aircraft fly 110 sorties, bombing Japanese forces in support of a British amphibious landing.^[77]
May 3 – Royal Air Force Hawker Typhoon fighter-bombers sink the German passenger ships SS Cap Arcona and SS Deutschland and the German cargo ship SS Thielbek in the Bay of Lübeck, unaware that the ships are carrying more than 10,000 concentration camp prisoners. About 5,000 people die aboard Cap Arcona (the second-greatest loss of life in a ship sinking in history) and about another 2,750 aboard Thielbek, and there also is a heavy loss of life aboard Deutschland.
May 3–4 – The fifth Japanese Kikusui attack on ships off Okinawa includes 125 kamikazes. They sink three destroyers and two smaller ships and damage the aircraft carrier HMS Formidable, the light cruiser USS Birmingham (CL-62), four destroyers, a destroyer-minelayer, and three smaller ships.^[79]
May 4 – The British Home Fleet carries out its last operation of World War II, a raid by 44 Avengers and Wildcats from the aircraft carriers HMS Queen. HMS Trumpeter, and HMS Searcher against Kilbotn, Norway, sinking a German depot ship and submarine. It is the last air raid against Norway of World War II.^[80]
May 4–5 – Carrier aircraft of the British Pacific Fleet strike airfields on the Sakishima Gunto.^[81]
May 5–6 – The British aircraft carriers HMS Emperor, HMS Hunter, HMS Khedive, and HMS Stalker resume support of Operation Dracula, bombing Japanese forces south of Rangoon and attacking shipping off Burma's Tenasserim coast.^[77]
May 7 – The Royal Air Force sinks a German submarine for the last time in World War II.
May 8 – Flying a Messerschmitt Bf 109, Luftwaffe fighter pilot Erich Hartmann scores his final aerial victory, shooting down a Soviet Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter over Brno, Slovakia. He is the highest-scoring ace in history, with 352 kills. He surrenders to Allied forces soon afterward.
May 8 – VE Day; Germany surrenders, ending the Second World War in Europe.
May 9 – British Pacific Fleet carrier aircraft strike the Sakishima Gunto. Kamikazes hit the aircraft carriers HMS Formidable and HMS Victorious.^[82]
May 10 – Sighting a Japanese Kawasaki Ki-45 (Allied reporting name "Nick" fighter flying high over Okinawa, U.S. Marine Corps First Lieutenant Robert R, Klingman in an F4U Corsair gives chase for over 185 miles and intercepts the Ki-45 at 38,000 feet (11,583 m). Finding his guns frozen, he climbs well above the Corsair's service ceiling of 41,600 feet (12,680 m) and cuts off the Ki-45's tail with his propeller in several passes, causing it to crash. He then belly lands safely at Kadena field on Okinawa.^[83] He receives the Navy Cross for the action.
May 10–11 – The sixth Japanese Kikusui attack off Okinawa includes 150 kamikazes. They damage two destroyers and the aircraft carrier USS Bunker Hill (CV-17), which suffers 353 killed, 43 missing, and 264 wounded. One of the most heavily damaged aircraft carriers to survive the war, Bunker Hill is out of service for the rest of World War II.^[79]
May 12 – A kamikaze hits the battleship USS New Mexico (BB-40) at Hagushi anchorage, Okinawa.^[84]
May 12–13 – Carrier aircraft of Task Force 58 strike targets on Kyushu and Shikoku. The British Pacific Fleet's carriers strike the Sakishima Gunto.^[85]
May 14 – A kamikaze crashes on the flight deck of the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CV-6), knocking her out of action for the rest of World War II.^[86]
May 14 – The final Arctic convoy of World War II, Convoy JW 67, departs Scapa Flow for the Kola Inlet in the Soviet Union escorted by the British aircraft carrier HMS Queen. It returns to the United Kingdom later in the month as Convoy RA 67. Queen's presence as an escort is deemed necessary in case any German submarine commanders opt to ignore Germany's surrender and attack the convoy.^[33]
May 15 – Aircraft from the British aircraft carrier HMS Emperor attack the Japanese heavy cruiser Haguro in the Indian Ocean, but achieve only one near-miss.^[87]
May 16–17 – British Pacific Fleet carrier aircraft strike Japanese airfields in the Sakishima Gunto.^[82]
May 20 – 29 aircraft from the British aircraft carriers HMS Ameer, HMS Khedive, and HMS Stalker conduct devastating strikes against Japanese shipping, airfields, and communications in southern Burma and Sumatra.^[88]
May 23–25 – The seventh Kikusui attack off Okinawa involves 165 kamikazes. They sink a destroyer-transport and two smaller ships and damage a destroyer and a destroyer-transport on May 25.^[89]
May 24–25 – British Pacific Fleet carrier aircraft make the final strikes of the war against the Sakishima Gunto, where all Japanese airfields have now been knocked out.^[90]
May 24/25 (overnight) – Five Imperial Japanese Army Mitsubishi Ki-21 (Allied reporting name "Sally") bombers carrying Giretsu Kuteitai special airborne attack troops make a suicide raid on Kadena and Yontan airfields on Okinawa. Four are shot down, but the fifth belly lands on the principal runway at Yontan and disgorges ten giretsu troops, who destroy seven and damage 26 planes, blow up two fuel dumps, and kill two Americans and wound 18 before being killed. Japanese planes also bomb Ie Shima during the night.^[91]
May 27–29 – The eighth Japanese Kikusui attack off Okinawa involves 110 kamikazes. They sink a destroyer and damage two destroyers, three merchant ships, and an attack transport.^[92]

[edit] June

June 2–3 – Carrier aircraft of Task Group 38.4 strike Kyushu.^[93]
June 3–7 – The ninth Kikusui attack off Okinawa involves only 50 kamikazes and causes no significant damage.^[94]
June 5 – A typhoon strikes U.S. Navy Task Force 38 southeast of Okinawa. The aircraft carriers USS Hornet (CV-12), USS Bennington (CV-20), USS Belleau Wood (CVL-24), USS San Jacinto (CVL-30), USS Windham Bay (CVE-92), and USS Salamaua (CVE-96) are damaged and the task force loses 76 aircraft.^[95]
June 8 – Carrier aircraft of Task Group 38.4 strike Kyushu. Aircraft bombing Kanoya Air Field employ variable time fuzes on 260-pound (118-kg) bombs for the first time as a means of attacking revetted Japanese aircraft.^[96]
June 17 – 457 B-29 Superfortresses drop 3,195 tons (2,898,485 kg) of bombs on Ōmuta and other cities in Japan.^[97]
June 19 – 481 B-29s drop 3,335 tons (3,025,492 kg) of bombs on Toyohashi and other cities in Japan.^[97]
June 19 – B-24 Liberators of the U.S. Army Air Forces' 404th Bombardment Squadron make the longest bombing mission flown in the North Pacific Area during World War II, flying a 2,700-mile (4,348-km) round trip from Shemya to attack the Japanese base at Kruppu in the Kurile Islands. The B-24s are in the air for 15½ hours.^[98]
June 21–22 – The tenth and final Japanese Kikusui attack off Okinawa involves only 45 kamikazes. They sink a medium landing ship and the hulk of a decommissioned destroyer and damage two seaplane tenders and two smaller ships.^[99]
June 22 – 412 B-29s drop 2,290 tons (2,077,474 kg) of bombs on Kure, Wakayama, and other cities in Japan.^[97]
June 26 – 468 B-29s drop 3,058 tons (2,774,199 kg) of bombs on Osaka and other cities in Japan.^[97]
June 28 – 485 B-29s drop 3,519 tons (3,192,416 kg) of bombs on Okayama, Sasebo, and Moji, Japan.^[97]

[edit] July

Japan produces 1,131 aircraft, its lowest monthly total since February 1943.^[100]
July 1–3 – The U.S. Navy escort aircraft carriers USS Suwannee (CVE-27), USS Chenango (CVE-28), and USS Gilbert Islands (CVE-107) with Marine Air Group 2 embarked support Australian Army amphibious landings at Balikpapan, Borneo.^[101]
July 2 – 532 B-29 Superfortresses drop 3,709 tons (3,364,783 kg) of bombs on Kure, Kumamoto, and other cities in Japan.^[97]
July 2 – The Okinawa campaign is officially declared over with the complete defeat of Japanese forces there. During the campaign, the Allies have lost 32 ships and naval craft sunk and 368 damaged and over 4,900 naval personnel killed and 4,824 wounded. Most of the ships sunk were victims of kamikazes. The Allies also have lost 763 aircraft during the campaign.^[102]
July 4 – 483 B-29s drop 3,752 tons (3,403,792 kg) of bombs on Kōchi and other cities in Japan.^[97]
July 5 – American Airlines acquires American Export Airlines and forms American Overseas Airlines.
July 5–11 – Aircraft from the British aircraft carriers HMS Ameer and HMS Emperor strike Japanese airfields and shipping at Car Nicobar.^[88]
July 7 – 568 B-29s drop 4,227 tons (3,834,709 kg) of bombs on Chiba and other cities in Japan.^[97]
July 10 – Aircraft from the 20 aircraft carriers of U.S. Navy Task Force 38 strike Tokyo and vicinity.^[103] In addition, 536 B-29s drop 3,872 tons (3,512,655 kg) of bombs on Sendai and other cities in Japan.^[97]
July 12 – An Eastern Air Lines Flight 45, a Douglas DC-3-201C en route from Boston Massachusetts, to Miami, Florida, with stops in Washington, D.C. and Columbia, South Carolina, collides with a United States Army Air Forces A-26 Invader bomber 3,100 feet (940 m) above Syracuse, South Carolina, (about 20 miles (32 km) from Florence, South Carolina. The commercial pilot, G. D. Davis, lands his airliner in a cornfield. One passenger, an infant, is killed aboard the airliner. The A-26's tail is sheared off; two aboard the bomber die and one is able to parachute safely.
July 13 – 517 B-29s drop 3,640 tons (3,302,186 kg) of bombs on Utsunomiya and other cities in Japan.^[97]
July 14 – Task Force 38 carrier aircraft fly 1,391 sorties against targets in northern Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan, without any Japanese air opposition. They destroy 25 Japanese aircraft, sink three destroyers, eight naval auxiliaries, and 20 merchant ships, and damage a destroyer, three escort craft, and 21 merchant ships.^[104]
July 15 – In a second day of air strikes on northern Honshu and Hokkaido, Task Force 38 aircraft completely disrupt the Aomori-Hakodate train ferry system and sink numerous colliers, reducing the Japanese coal-carrying capacity by 50 percent.^[105]
July 16 – 471 B-29s drop 3,678 tons (3,336,660 kg) of bombs on Numazu and other cities in Japan.^[97]
July 18 – Task Force 38 carrier aircraft conduct heavy strikes against targets along the shore of Tokyo Bay, concentrating on the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal, where they damage the battleship Nagato and sink a submarine, a destroyer, and three smaller vessels.^[106]
July 19 – U.S. Army Air Forces B-29 Superfortresses strike Hitachi, Japan.^[106]
July 20 – 473 B-29s drop 3,255 tons (2,952,917 kg) of bombs on Fukui and other cities in Japan.^[97]
July 23 – The Japanese submarines I-400 and I-401 depart Japan to launch a surprise air strike on American ships at Ulithi Atoll using six submarine-launched Aichi M6A floatplanes painted in American markings. The two submarines will abort the mission and jettison the aircraft on 16 August when they learn of Japan's surrender.
July 24 – Task Force 38 carrier aircraft fly 1,747 sorties against no air opposition, striking targets in the Inland Sea of Japan in one of the heaviest days of carrier air strikes of World War II. At Kure, Japan, they sink the battleship Hyūga, the heavy cruisers Tone and Aoba, and the obsolete battleship Settsu and armored cruiser Iwate, heavily damage the aircraft carrier Amagi, and damage the aircraft carrier Kaiyo.^[107]^[108] In addition, 570 U.S. Army Air Forces B-29s drop 3,445 tons (3,125,283 kg) of bombs on Osaka and Nagoya, Japan.^[97]
July 24–26 – Aircraft from carriers of the British 21st Aircraft Carrier Squadron strike Japanese airfields and shipping in northern Malaya.^[88]
July 28 – Task Force 38 carrier aircraft again carry out heavy airstrikes against targets in the Inland Sea without meeting aerial opposition. They sink the aircraft carrier Amagi, the battleships Haruna and Ise, and the obsolete armored cruiser Izumo and damage the aircraft carriers Katsuragi and Kaiyo.^[107]^[108] In addition, 548 U.S. Army Air Forces B-29s drop 4,427 tons (4,016,148 kg) of bombs on Tsu and other cities in Japan.^[97]
July 28 – A U.S. Army Air Forces B-25 Mitchell bomber crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building in New York City, killing 14 people.^[109]
July 29 – U.S. Army Air Forces B-25 Mitchells and U.S. Navy aircraft from the aircraft carrier USS Ticonderoga (CV-14) further damage the Japanese aircraft carrier Kaiyo in Beppu Bay.^[108]
July 29–30 – Japanese kamikazes make their last attacks on ships off Okinawa, damaging two U.S. destroyers.^[110]
July 29–30 – Carrier aircraft of Task Force 38 strike the Maizuru Naval Arsenal and the north coast of Honshu, Japan.^[107]
July 31 – Since beginning the strategic bombing campaign against Japan in June 1944, B-29s of the U.S. Army's Twentieth Air Force have destroyed 90 Japanese cities, leaving only four major cities – Kyoto, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Sapporo – undamaged. During July 1945, the B-29s have carried an average bombload of 7.4 tons (6,713 kg) per plane – an increase of 4.8 tons (4,355 kg) since November 1944 – dropped more than 75 percent of their bombs by radar, and suffered a loss rate of only 0.4 percent of aircraft raiding Japan (down from 5.7 percvent in January 1945).^[111]

[edit] August

August 2 – 855 B-29 Superfortresses drop 6,600 tons (5,987,481 kg) of bombs on Toyama, Tachikawa, and other cities in Japan.^[97] The attack on Toyama is an incendiary raid that destroys almost the entire city.
August 2 – A U.S. Navy PV-1 Ventura patrol plane discovers survivors of the heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis (CA-35), the first indication that Indianapolis is even missing, 84 hours after she had been sunk by the Japanese submarine I-58 in the Philippine Sea. A large air-sea rescue operation lasts until August 8, but saves only 316 of her crew of 1,199.^[112]
August 6 – The B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay drops the atomic bomb "Little Boy," the first nuclear weapon used in warfare, over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. In addition, 573 B-29s drop 4,122 tons (3,739,454 kg) of bombs on Saga and other cities in Japan.^[97]
August 6 – The top-scoring American ace of World War II, U.S. Army Air Forces Major Richard I. Bong (40 victories), is killed in the crash of a P-80 Shooting Star fighter at Lockheed Air Terminal in Burbank, California.
August 7 – 131 B-29s drop 830 tons (752,971 kg) of bombs on the Toyokawa Naval Arsenal in Japan.^[97]
August 8 – 245 B-29s drop 1,296 tons (1,175,723 kg) of bombs on Yawata, Japan.^[97]
August 9 – The B-29 Superfortress Bockscar drops the plutonium-239 atomic bomb Fat Man on Nagasaki, Japan.
August 9 – Carrier aircraft of Task Force 38 conduct devastating strikes against Japanese airfields in northern Honshu where the Japanese had been marshalling aircraft for a planned major suicide strike on B-29 bases in the Mariana Islands. The Americans claim 251 Japanese aircraft destroyed and 141 damaged.^[113]
August 10 – Task Force 38 aircraft again strike northern Honshu heavily, striking two previously undetected Japanese airfields.^[107]
August 10 – After suffering heavy damage during the airstrikes of July 24, 28, and 29, the Japanese aircraft carrier Kaiyo is abandoned in Beppu Bay when she lists far enough for the port side of her flight deck to be underwater. She later will be scrapped in place.^[108]
August 13 – Carrier aircraft of Task Force 38 strike the Tokyo area, claiming 272 Japanese aircraft destroyed and 149 damaged.^[107]
August 13/14 (overnight) – Seven B-29 Superfortresses drop five million leaflets over Tokyo, providing the Japanese population for the first time with the news that Japan had accepted the Potsdam Declaration and was negotiating for peace.^[114]
August 15 – Task Force 38 launches its last strike of the war, targeting Tokyo. A second strike jettisons its bombs in the sea when it receives word of the ceasefire agreement with Japan. In the final large dogfight of World War II, 15 to 20 Japanese planes jump six F6F Hellcats of U.S. Navy Fighter Squadron 88 (VF-88) from USS Yorktown (CV-10); the Hellcats shoot down nine Japanese plans in exchange for four of their own.^[115]
August 15 – An Imperial Japanese Navy Nakajima C6N Saiun ("Painted Cloud") reconnaissance plane (Allied reporting name "Myrt") is shot down by a Lieutenant Commander Reidy five minutes before the armistice with Japan takes effect. It is the last confirmed air-to-air victory of World War II.^[116]
August 15 – Seven Imperial Japanese Navy aircraft make the last kamikaze attack of World War II.
August 15 (August 14 east of the International Date Line) – VJ Day; Japan surrenders, ending the war in the Pacific theater and bringing World War II to an end.
August 18 – Indian nationalist revolutionary Subhas Chandra Bose reportedly dies in the crash of a Japanese aircraft at Matsuyama aerodrome (now Taipei Songshan Airport) at Taipei on Formosa (now Taiwan), although the report of his death in the crash has since been disputed.
August 19 – Two Mitsubishi G4M (Allied reporting name "Betty") bombers carry Japan's surrender delegation to Ie Shima.
August 25 – A U.S. Army Air Forces P-38 Lightning fighter piloted by Colonel Clay Tice becomes the first American aircraft to land in Japan following the armistice of August 15.^[117]

[edit] September

September 2 – At the conclusion of the surrender ceremony aboard the U.S. Navy battleship USS Missouri (BB-63) in Tokyo Bay, in which Japan formally surrenders to the Allies to end World War II, 450 Allied carrier planes and several hundred U.S. Army Air Forces aircraft perform a victory fly-by over the ships in the bay.^[118]
September 6 – A captured German Focke-Achgelis Fa 223 V14, makes the first helicopter crossing of the English Channel when it flies from Cherbourg, France, to RAF Beaulieu in the New Forest, Hampshire, England.^[119]
September 10 – Five escort carriers of the British East Indies Fleet's 21st Aircraft Carrier Squadron anchor off Singapore to support Operation Zipper, the British reoccupation of Malaya.^[24]
September 15 – A flypast of 300 aircraft takes place over London to celebrate Battle of Britain Day on the fifth anniversay of the decisive day of combat in the Battle of Britain. Although two-thirds of the fighter squadrons defending Britain in the battle operated Hawker Hurricanes, not a single Hurricane takes part in the flypast.^[120]
September 20 – An experimental Gloster Meteor with Rolls-Royce Trent engines makes the first turboprop-powered flight.

[edit] October

The Royal Navy cancels five of its eight planned Centaur-class aircraft carriers.^[121]
October 1 – The first annual general meeting of the International Air Transport Association begins in Montreal, Canada.
October 2 – A U.S. Navy PBM Mariner flying boat carrying Rear Admiral William Sample and eight others disappears near Wakayama, Japan. The wreckage and their bodies will not be discovered under 19 November 1948.
October 5 – National Airlines Flight 16, a Lockheed 18-50 Lodestar, overshoots the runway and crashes into a lake at Lakeland, Florida. Two passengers drown, and several of the 13 survivors are injured.
October 24 – Using a Douglas C-54 Skymaster, American Overseas Airlines begins the first scheduled commercial transatlantic airline service by a landplane, operating between New York City and London. Since the new London-Heathrow airport is not yet available for commercial operations, AOA uses Bournemouth-Hurn Airport.

[edit] November

The Royal Navy cancels all three of its planned Malta-class aircraft carriers.^[121]
November 3 – The Pan American World Airways Boeing 314 flying boat Honolulu Clipper, operating on an Operation Magic Carpet flight carrying 26 American servicemen home to the United States after World War II, makes a forced landing in the Pacific Ocean 650 miles east of Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands without injury to passengers or crew, all of whom are rescued by a tanker the following morning. U.S. Navy attempts to repair the aircraft fail, as do Navy efforts to tow it, and the Navy eventually sinks Honolulu Clipper by gunfire on November 14.
November 6 – After its piston engine fails, a mixed-propulsion Ryan FR-1 Fireball fighter flown by U.S. Marine Corps pilot J. C. West makes the first landing under jet power on an aircraft carrier, landing aboard USS Wake Island (CVE-65).^[122]
November 7 – Royal Air Force Group Captain H. J. Wilson sets a new official airspeed record of 606 mph (976 km/h) in a Gloster Meteor. Unofficial German speed records by the rocket-powered Messerschmitt Me 163 during the war had already exceeded 625 mph (1,000 km/h)
November 16 – Pan American World Airways resumes commercial seaplane service between California and Hawaii, using Boeing Clipper aircraft it has leased to the U.S. Navy during World War II.^[123]

[edit] December

December 4 – A de Havilland Sea Vampire Mk 5 becomes the first jet aircraft to intentionally take off and land from an aircraft carrier, HMS Ocean.^[124]^[125]
December 5 – Flight 19, a formation of five U.S. Navy TBM Avengers with a total of 14 men aboard, vanishes without trace over the Atlantic Ocean east of Florida. A U.S. Navy PBM-5 Mariner flying boat sent to search for the Avengers also disappears with the loss of all 13 men aboard, apparently the victim of an accidental mid-air explosion.

[edit] First flights

[edit] January

January 26 – McDonnell XFD-1, prototype of the FD Phantom, later redesignated FH Phantom, the first jet aircraft to operate from a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier.^[126]

[edit] February

February 1 – Kawasaki Ki-100^[127]
February 7 or 11^[128] – Consolidated-Vultee XP-81
February 21 – Hawker Sea Fury prototype SR661
February 25 – Bell XP-83
February 27 – Curtiss XF15C^[129]

[edit] March

Nakajima Ki-115 Tsurugi ("Sabre")^[130]
March 1 - Bachem Ba 349
March 3 - Mikoyan-Gurevich I-250 (N), first Soviet thermojet
March 7 - Piasecki HRP Rescuer
March 18 - Douglas XB2D-1, prototype of the AD Skyraider

[edit] April

Kokusai Ki-105 Ohtori ("Phoenix")^[131]
Nakajima Ki-87^[132]
Rikugun Ki-93^[133]
April 15 – North American XP-82, prototype of the P-82 Twin Mustang^[134]
April 19 - de Havilland Sea Hornet prototype PX212
April 27 - Pilatus P-2

[edit] May

May 8 – Yokosuka R2Y1 Keiun ("Beautiful Cloud"), piston-engined prototype of the R2Y2, projected as the first Japanese jet attack aircraft^[135]
May 17 – Lockheed XP2V-1 Bu48237, prototype of the P2V Neptune (later P-2 Neptune)^[136]

[edit] June

June 10 - Ilyushin IL-16
June 14 - Avro Tudor 1 G-AGPF, the first British pressurised civilian aircraft
June 22 - Vickers Viking prototype G-AGOK

[edit] July

July 3 – Northrop F-15 Reporter
July 5 – Fairey Spearfish prototype RA356
July 7 – Mitsubishi J8M Shusui ("Sword Stroke"),^[137] first Japanese rocket-powered aircraft

[edit] August

August 3 - Kyushu J7W Shinden ("Magnificant Lightning")^[138]
August 7 - Nakajima Kikka ("Orange Blossom"), first Japanese jet^[139]

[edit] September

September 5 – Douglas C-74 Globemaster
September 12 – Northrop XP-79B Flying Ram^[140]
September 25 – de Havilland Dove

[edit] October

October 27 - Bristol Buckmaster
October 28 - LWD Szpak

[edit] November

November 10 - Yakovlev Yak-11
November 15 - PZL S-1
November 20 - Saaborn 91 Safir

[edit] December

December 2 - Bristol 170 G-AGPV
December 8 - Bell 47 prototype NC1H
December 19- Grumman XTB3F-1, prototype of the AF Guardian^[141]
December 22 - Beechcraft Bonanza

[edit] Entered service

[edit] January

Ilyushin IL-10 in the Soviet Air Force

[edit] March

Ryan FR Fireball with U.S. Navy Fighter Squadron 66 (VF-66)^[78]
March 21 – Yokosuka MXY7 Ohka ("Cherry Blossom"), Allied reporting name "Baka") rocket-propelled suicide aircraft with the Imperial Japanese Navy's 721st Naval Air Corps^[142]

[edit] References

^ Crosby, Francis, The Complete Guide to Fighters & Bombers of the World: An Illustrated History of the World's Greatest Military Aircraft, From the Pioneering Days of Air Fighting in World War I Through the Jet Fighters and Stealth Bombers of the Present Day, London: Anness Publishing Ltd., 2006, ISBN 13579108642, p. 46.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 10.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 164.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 87.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 88-89.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 99.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 99, 101.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 48.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 103.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 90, 104-110.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 90, 111-113.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 117-118.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 126, 133.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 91.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 65-71, 84.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 168-169.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 146-151.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 152.
^ ^a ^b Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 171.
^ Chesneau, Roger, ed., Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1922-1946, New York: Mayflower Books, 1980, ISBN 0-8317-0303-2, p. 26.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 155-156.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 103-104.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 179-182.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 126.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 182.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 203.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 12.
^ ^a ^b hazegray.org Graf Zeppelin
^ Okumiya, Masatake, Jiro Horikoshi, and Martin Caidin, Zero! The Story of Japan's Air War in the Pacific: 1941-1945, New York: Ballantine Books Inc., 1956, SBN 345 02242-4-125, p. 277.
^ Smith, Bob, "On Patrol: Flying The Martin PBM Mariner in WW II", Wings, Granada Hills, California, April 1990, Volume 20, Number 4, page 55.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 175.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, pp. 14-15.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 105.
^ ^a ^b ^c Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 104.
^ A History of Coast Guard Aviation: The Growth Years (1939-1956)
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 13.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 199, 203.
^ ^a ^b Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 20-25.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 33-46.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 52.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 52-56.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 56
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 57.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 65.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 58.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 59.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 65, 72.
^ Jablonski, Edward, Flying Fortress: The Illustrated Biography of the B-17s and the Men Who Flew Them, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1965, p. 279.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 94.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 94, 99.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 94-98.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 100.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 101, 112.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 112.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 68.
^ ^a ^b Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 101.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 67.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 133.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 88, 101.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 138.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 21.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 140, 154, 212.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 181-198.
^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 978-0-517-56588-9, p. 335.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 70.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 199-209.
^ Humble, Richard, Hitler's High Seas Fleet, New York: Ballantine Books Inc., 1971, p. 156.
^ Chesneau, Roger, ed., Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946, New York: Mayflower Books, 1980, ISBN 0-8317-0303-2, pp. 25, 262.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 222-230.
^ Hinchcliffe, Peter, The Other Battle: Luftwaffe Night Aces Versus Bomber Command, Edison, New Jersey: Castle Books, 2001, ISBN 978-0-7858-1418-4, p. 32.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 248.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 235-238.
^ Hardesty, Von, Red Phoenix: The Rise of Soviet Air Power 1941-1945, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982, ISBN 978-0-87474-510-8, pp. 210-211.
^ Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 110.
^ Hardesty, Von, Red Phoenix: The Rise of Soviet Air Power 1941-1945, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982, ISBN 978-0-87474-510-8, p. 211.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 238-239, 244.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 127.
^ ^a ^b Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 413.
^ ^a ^b Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 233, 251-256.
^ Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 90.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 264.
^ ^a ^b Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 265.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 269.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 267-268.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 263, 265.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 251-256.
^ Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, pp. 127-128.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 128.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 233, 270-271.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 266.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 270-271.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 233, 259-262, 272.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 298.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 233, 274.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 305-307.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 307.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Okumiya, Masatake, Jiro Horikoshi, and Martin Caidin, Zero! The Story of Japan's Air War in the Pacific: 1941-1945, New York: Ballantine Books Inc., 1956, SBN 345 02242-4-125, p. 278.
^ Garfield, Brian, The Thousand-Mile War: World War II in Alaska and the Aleutians, Fairbanks, Alaska: University of Alaska Press, 1995, ISBN 0-912006-82-X, p. 394.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 233, 278-279.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 15.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 272.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 282.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 310-311.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 311.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 312.
^ ^a ^b Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 316.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 331.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d combinedfleet.com Tabular Record of Movement IJN Kaiyo
^ "Today in History," The Washington Post Express, July 28, 2011, p. 26.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 280.
^ Okumiya, Masatake, Jiro Horikoshi, and Martin Caidin, Zero! The Story of Japan's Air War in the Pacific: 1941-1945, New York: Ballantine Books Inc., 1956, SBN 345 02242-4-125, p. 276, 277.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 322-327.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 332.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 348.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 334.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 439.
^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 978-0-517-56588-9, p. 267.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 367.
^ Air International, Stamford, Lincs., UK, June 1984, p. 294.
^ Mail Online: The unsung plane that REALLY won the Battle of Britain: The Hawker Hurricane gets its rightful place in history
^ ^a ^b Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 161.
^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, pp. 298, 413.
^ Aviation Hawaii: 1940-1949 Chronology of Aviation in Hawaii
^ "First Jet Landing." Naval Aviation News, United States Navy, March 1946, p. 6. The first jet aircraft to operate from an aircraft carrier was the unconventional composite propeller-jet Ryan FR Fireball, but it was designed to utilize its piston engine during takeoff and landing. On 6 November 1945, the piston engine of an FR-1 failed on final approach and the pilot started the jet engine and landed, thereby performing the first jet-powered carrier landing, albeit unintentionally.
^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 298, states that the Sea Vampire's landing was on December 3, 1945.
^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 297.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 130.
^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 98.
^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 179.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 242.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 485.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 240.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 244.
^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 340.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 474.
^ Polmar, Norman, "Historic Aircraft: The God of the Sea's Namesake", Naval History, October 2011, p. 16.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 406.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 338.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, pp. 443-444.
^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 978-0-517-56588-9, p. 368.
^ Swanborough, Gordon, and Peter M. Bowers, United States Navy Aircraft Since 1911, London: Putnam, 1976, ISBN 978-0-370-10054-8, p. 226.
^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 477.
^ Donald, David, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997, ISBN 978-0-7607-0592-6, p. 84.
^ Swanborough, Gordon, and Peter M. Bowers, United States Navy Aircraft Since 1911, London: Putnam, 1976, ISBN 978-0-370-10054-8, p. 224.

[0] Crosby, Francis, The Complete Guide to Fighters & Bombers of the World: An Illustrated History of the World's Greatest Military Aircraft, From the Pioneering Days of Air Fighting in World War I Through the Jet Fighters and Stealth Bombers of the Present Day, London: Anness Publishing Ltd., 2006, ISBN 13579108642, p. 46.

[1] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 10.

[philippines164-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 164.

[3] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 87.

[4] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 88-89.

[5] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 99.

[6] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 99, 101.

[7] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 48.

[8] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 103.

[9] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 90, 104-110.

[10] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 90, 111-113.

[11] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 117-118.

[12] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 126, 133.

[13] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 91.

[14] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 65-71, 84.

[15] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 168-169.

[16] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 146-151.

[17] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 152.

[philippines171-18] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 171.

[19] Chesneau, Roger, ed., Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1922-1946, New York: Mayflower Books, 1980, ISBN 0-8317-0303-2, p. 26.

[20] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 155-156.

[21] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 103-104.

[22] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 179-182.

[Sturtivant.2C_Ray_1990.2C_p._126-23] Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 126.

[24] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 182.

[25] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 203.

[MSE-26] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 12.

[hazegray.org_Graf_Zeppelin-27] zegray.org Graf Zeppelin

[28] Okumiya, Masatake, Jiro Horikoshi, and Martin Caidin, Zero! The Story of Japan's Air War in the Pacific: 1941-1945, New York: Ballantine Books Inc., 1956, SBN 345 02242-4-125, p. 277.

[29] Smith, Bob, "On Patrol: Flying The Martin PBM Mariner in WW II", Wings, Granada Hills, California, April 1990, Volume 20, Number 4, page 55.

[30] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 175.

[31] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, pp. 14-15.

[Sturtivant.2C_Ray_1990.2C_p._105-32] Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 105.

[operations104-33] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 104.

[34] A History of Coast Guard Aviation: The Growth Years (1939-1956)

[35] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 13.

[36] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, pp. 199, 203.

[operations20-37] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 20-25.

[38] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 33-46.

[39] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 52.

[40] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 52-56.

[41] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 56

[42] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 57.

[43] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 65.

[44] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 58.

[45] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 59.

[46] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 65, 72.

[47] Jablonski, Edward, Flying Fortress: The Illustrated Biography of the B-17s and the Men Who Flew Them, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1965, p. 279.

[48] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 94.

[49] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 94, 99.

[50] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 94-98.

[51] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 100.

[52] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 101, 112.

[53] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 112.

[54] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 68.

[operations101-55] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 101.

[56] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 67.

[57] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 133.

[58] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 88, 101.

[59] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 138.

[60] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 21.

[61] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 140, 154, 212.

[62] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 181-198.

[63] Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 978-0-517-56588-9, p. 335.

[64] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 70.

[65] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 199-209.

[66] Humble, Richard, Hitler's High Seas Fleet, New York: Ballantine Books Inc., 1971, p. 156.

[67] Chesneau, Roger, ed., Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946, New York: Mayflower Books, 1980, ISBN 0-8317-0303-2, pp. 25, 262.

[68] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 222-230.

[69] Hinchcliffe, Peter, The Other Battle: Luftwaffe Night Aces Versus Bomber Command, Edison, New Jersey: Castle Books, 2001, ISBN 978-0-7858-1418-4, p. 32.

[70] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 248.

[71] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 235-238.

[72] Hardesty, Von, Red Phoenix: The Rise of Soviet Air Power 1941-1945, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982, ISBN 978-0-87474-510-8, pp. 210-211.

[73] Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 110.

[74] Hardesty, Von, Red Phoenix: The Rise of Soviet Air Power 1941-1945, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982, ISBN 978-0-87474-510-8, p. 211.

[75] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 238-239, 244.

[Sturtivant.2C_Ray_1990.2C_p._127-76] Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 127.

[AE_413-77] Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 413.

[operations233-78] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 233, 251-256.

[79] Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 90.

[80] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 264.

[operations265-81] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 265.

[82] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 269.

[83] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 267-268.

[84] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 263, 265.

[85] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 251-256.

[86] Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, pp. 127-128.

[Sturtivant.2C_Ray_1990.2C_p._128-87] Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 128.

[88] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 233, 270-271.

[89] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 266.

[90] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 270-271.

[91] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 233, 259-262, 272.

[92] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 298.

[93] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 233, 274.

[94] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 305-307.

[95] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 307.

[ballantine278-96] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Okumiya, Masatake, Jiro Horikoshi, and Martin Caidin, Zero! The Story of Japan's Air War in the Pacific: 1941-1945, New York: Ballantine Books Inc., 1956, SBN 345 02242-4-125, p. 278.

[97] Garfield, Brian, The Thousand-Mile War: World War II in Alaska and the Aleutians, Fairbanks, Alaska: University of Alaska Press, 1995, ISBN 0-912006-82-X, p. 394.

[98] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 233, 278-279.

[99] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 15.

[100] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIII: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 272.

[101] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 282.

[102] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 310-311.

[103] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 311.

[104] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 312.

[operations316-105] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 316.

[operations331-106] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 331.

[combinedfleet.com-107] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d combinedfleet.com Tabular Record of Movement IJN Kaiyo

[108] "Today in History," The Washington Post Express, July 28, 2011, p. 26.

[109] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 280.

[110] Okumiya, Masatake, Jiro Horikoshi, and Martin Caidin, Zero! The Story of Japan's Air War in the Pacific: 1941-1945, New York: Ballantine Books Inc., 1956, SBN 345 02242-4-125, p. 276, 277.

[111] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, pp. 322-327.

[112] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 332.

[113] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 348.

[114] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 334.

[115] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 439.

[116] Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 978-0-517-56588-9, p. 267.

[117] Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume XIV: Victory in the Pacific, 1945, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990, p. 367.

[118] Air International, Stamford, Lincs., UK, June 1984, p. 294.

[119] Mail Online: The unsung plane that REALLY won the Battle of Britain: The Hawker Hurricane gets its rightful place in history

[Sturtivant.2C_Ray_1990.2C_p._161-120] Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87021-026-2, p. 161.

[121] Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, pp. 298, 413.

[122] Aviation Hawaii: 1940-1949 Chronology of Aviation in Hawaii

[123] "First Jet Landing." Naval Aviation News, United States Navy, March 1946, p. 6. The first jet aircraft to operate from an aircraft carrier was the unconventional composite propeller-jet Ryan FR Fireball, but it was designed to utilize its piston engine during takeoff and landing. On 6 November 1945, the piston engine of an FR-1 failed on final approach and the pilot started the jet engine and landed, thereby performing the first jet-powered carrier landing, albeit unintentionally.

[124] Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 298, states that the Sea Vampire's landing was on December 3, 1945.

[125] Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 297.

[126] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 130.

[127] Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 98.

[128] Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 179.

[129] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 242.

[130] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 485.

[131] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 240.

[132] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 244.

[133] Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 340.

[134] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 474.

[135] Polmar, Norman, "Historic Aircraft: The God of the Sea's Namesake", Naval History, October 2011, p. 16.

[136] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 406.

[137] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 338.

[138] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, pp. 443-444.

[139] Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 978-0-517-56588-9, p. 368.

[140] Swanborough, Gordon, and Peter M. Bowers, United States Navy Aircraft Since 1911, London: Putnam, 1976, ISBN 978-0-370-10054-8, p. 226.

[141] Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-87021-313-7, p. 477.

[142] Donald, David, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997, ISBN 978-0-7607-0592-6, p. 84.

[143] Swanborough, Gordon, and Peter M. Bowers, United States Navy Aircraft Since 1911, London: Putnam, 1976, ISBN 978-0-370-10054-8, p. 224.

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