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Early versions of Lubuntu, 8.10, 9.04 and 9.10 were not available as separate ISOs, but could be installed on Ubuntu as separate ''lubuntu-desktop'' packages from the Ubuntu repositories.<ref name="gilir">{{cite web|url = http://gilir.wordpress.com/2009/10/29/lubuntu-9-10-and-plan-for-lucid/|title = Lubuntu 9.10 and plan for Lucid|accessdate = 2 May 2010|last = Lavergne|first = Julien |authorlink = |year = 2009|month = October}}</ref>
Early versions of Lubuntu, 8.10, 9.04 and 9.10 were not available as separate ISOs, but could be installed on Ubuntu as separate ''lubuntu-desktop'' packages from the Ubuntu repositories.<ref name="gilir">{{cite web|url = http://gilir.wordpress.com/2009/10/29/lubuntu-9-10-and-plan-for-lucid/|title = Lubuntu 9.10 and plan for Lucid|accessdate = 2 May 2010|last = Lavergne|first = Julien |authorlink = |year = 2009|month = October}}</ref>


Initial testing in September 2009 by Linux Magazine reviewer Christopher Smart showed that Lubuntu's RAM usage is about half of Xubuntu's and Ubuntu's on a normal installation and desktop use, and one third less on live CD use.<ref name="Linux-mag" />
Initial testing in September 2009 by [[Linux Magazine]] reviewer Christopher Smart showed that Lubuntu's RAM usage is about half of Xubuntu's and Ubuntu's on a normal installation and desktop use, and one third less on live CD use.<ref name="Linux-mag" />


===Lubuntu 10.04===
===Lubuntu 10.04===

Revision as of 21:09, 1 January 2011

Lubuntu
Lubuntu 10.10
DeveloperLubuntu Community and LXDE Foundation
OS familyLinux
Working stateActive development
Source modelOpen source
Latest release10.10 / October 10, 2010; 13 years ago (2010-10-10)[1]
Kernel typeMonolithic
UserlandGNU
Default
user interface		LXDE
LicenseMainly the GNU GPL / various others
Official websitelubuntu.net

Lubuntu /luːˈbuːntuː/ is a lightweight Linux operating system based on Ubuntu but using the LXDE desktop environment in place of Ubuntu's GNOME desktop. LXDE is is touted as being "lighter, less resource hungry and more energy-efficient". The developers intend that Lubuntu will eventually achieve endorsement as an official derivative of Ubuntu.[2][3][4][5][6]

The LXDE desktop uses the Openbox window manager and is intended to be a low-system-requirement, low-RAM environment for netbooks, mobile devices and older PCs. In this role it competes with Xubuntu.[2] One initial test indicates that it uses half as much RAM as Xubuntu or Ubuntu on a normal installation or in typical use.[7]

The name Lubuntu is a portmanteau of LXDE and Ubuntu.[3] LXDE stands for Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment,[8] while Ubuntu means "humanity towards others" in the Zulu and Xhosa languages.[9]

History

The LXDE desktop was first made available as an optional package for Ubuntu starting with version 8.10 "Intrepid Ibex". LXDE can also be installed in earlier versions of Ubuntu.[10][11]

In February 2009, Mark Shuttleworth invited the LXDE project to become a self-maintained project within the Ubuntu community, with the aim of leading to a dedicated new official Ubuntu derivative to be called Lubuntu.[3][12][13]

In March 2009, the Lubuntu project was started on Launchpad by Mario Behling, including an early project logo. The project also established an official Ubuntu wiki project page, also under Behling's management, that includes listings of applications, packages, and components.[4][14]

In August 2009, the first test ISO was released as a Live CD, with no installation option.[15][16]

Early versions of Lubuntu, 8.10, 9.04 and 9.10 were not available as separate ISOs, but could be installed on Ubuntu as separate lubuntu-desktop packages from the Ubuntu repositories.[17]

Initial testing in September 2009 by Linux Magazine reviewer Christopher Smart showed that Lubuntu's RAM usage is about half of Xubuntu's and Ubuntu's on a normal installation and desktop use, and one third less on live CD use.[7]

Lubuntu 10.04

Lubuntu 10.04 desktop

On 30 December 2009 the first Alpha 1 "Preview" version ISO for Lubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx was made available for testing, with Alpha 2 following on 24 January 2010. The first Beta was released on 20 March 2010 and the stable version of Lubuntu 10.04 was released on 2 May 2010, four days behind the main Ubuntu release date of 28 April 2010. Unlike Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx Lubuntu 10.04 was not a long-term support release and will only be supported for 18 months.[18][19][20][21][22][23]

In reviewing Lubuntu 10.04 Alpha 1 in January 2010, Joey Sneddon of OMG Ubuntu wrote, "Not having had many preconceptions regarding LXDE/Lubuntu i found myself presently surprised. It was pleasant to look at, pleasant to use and although I doubt I would switch from GNOME to LXDE, it can give excellent performance to those who would benefit from doing so."[23] In writing about the final 10.10 release, on 10 October 2010 Sneddon termed it "A nimble and easy-to-use desktop".[24]

Writing about Lubuntu 10.04 in May 2010 Damien Oh of Make Tech Easier said: "If you are looking for a lightweight alternative to install in your old PC or netbook, Lubuntu is a great choice. You won’t get any eye candy or special graphical effects, but what you get is fast speed at a low cost. It’s time to put your old PC back to work."[25]

Also reviewing Lubuntu 10.04 in May 2010 Robin Catling of Full Circle magazine said: "The first thing that impresses on running Lubuntu on my modest Compaq Evo laptop (Pentium-M, 512 MB RAM) is the small memory footprint...It beats Karmic on Gnome, and Xubuntu on Xfce, by a mile. The Evo used to take 60 seconds-plus to boot to the desktop, LXDE takes exactly 30. Yet you're not restricted; gtk2 applications are well supported, and Synaptic hooks up to the Ubuntu repositories for package management (so you can pull down Open Office to replace the default Abi-Word without crippling the machine)." Catling did note of the file manager, "The PCManFM file manager needs a little more maturity to compete with Thunar, but it's a competent and robust application that doesn't hog resources like Nautilus or Dolphin."[26]

In September 2010 lead developer Julien Lavergne[27] announced that the Lubuntu project had not been granted official status as a derivative of Ubuntu as part of the Ubuntu 10.04 release cycle, but that work would continue on this goal for Ubuntu 10.10. Lavergne explained the reasons as "there is still a resource problem on Canonical /Ubuntu infrastructure, which was not resolved during this cycle. Also, they are writing a real process to integrate new member in the Ubuntu family, but it’s still not finished."[28]

Lubuntu 10.10

Lubuntu 10.10 was released on schedule on 10 October 2010. Developer Julien Lavergne said about it, "Lubuntu is actually not part of the Ubuntu family, and not build [sic] with the current Ubuntu infrastructure. This release is considered as a «stable beta», a result that could be a final and stable release if we was [sic] included in the Ubuntu family." Version 10.10 introduced new artwork to the distribution, including new panel and menu backgrounds, a new Openbox theme, new Lubuntu menu logo, splash images and desktop wallpaper. Lubuntu 10.10 was not accepted as an official Ubuntu derivative at this release point due to "a lack of integration with the infrastructure Canonical and Ubuntu" but work is continuing towards that goal.[1][29][30]

Developer Julien Lavergne wrote that while 10.10 incorporated many changes over 10.04, not all of the changes were considered improvements. The improvements included a new theme designed by Rafael Laguna, the incorporation of xpad for note taking, Ace-of-Penguins games, LXTask the LXDE task manager in place of the Xfce application, replacing the epdfview PDF reader with Evince, due to a memory leak problem, and removing pyneighborhood. The minuses included a last minute re-write of the installer to ingrate it properly that resulted in some installation instability and raising the minimum installation RAM from 180 MB to 256 MB. The other issue was the incorporation of the Ubuntu Update Manager which increases RAM usage by 10 MB. Lubuntu 10.04 had no indication of updates being available, so this was deemed necessary.[31][32]

In reviewing Lubuntu 10.10 right after its release in October 2010, Jim Lynch of Eye On Linux said "Lubuntu’s biggest appeal for me is its speed; and it’s no disappointment in that area. Applications load and open quickly, and my overall experience with Lubuntu was quite positive. I detected no stability problems, Lubuntu 10.10 was quite solid and reliable the entire time I used it." Lynch did fault the choice of Synaptic as the package manager: "One of the strange things about Lubuntu is that it only offers Synaptic as its package manager. Xubuntu 10.10, on the other hand, offers the Ubuntu Software Center as well as Synaptic. I’m not sure why the Ubuntu Software Center is missing from Lubuntu; it would make a lot of sense to include it since it is a much easier and more attractive way to manage software. Synaptic gets the job done, but it’s less friendly to new users and can’t match the Ubuntu Software Center in terms of usability and comfort."[33]

By mid-December 2010 Lubuntu had risen to 11th place on DistroWatch's six month list of most popular Linux distributions out of 319 distributions, right behind Puppy Linux and well ahead of Xubuntu which was in 36th place.[34]

Lubuntu 11.04

The project announced the development schedule for 11.04 in November 2010, which included a target date of 2 December 2010 for the first Alpha release, 31 March 2011 for the first Beta release and 28 April 2011 for the stable release. The first version, Lubuntu 11.04 Alpha 1 was actually released on 3 December 2010.[35][36]

Applications

Lubuntu 10.10 includes the following applications:[23][37][25]

Lubuntu also has access to the Ubuntu software repositories through the Synaptic package manager allowing the installation of any applications available to Ubuntu.

There are indications that Lubuntu 11.04 will include changes to the default applications, including replacing the Cheese web cam application due to its dependence on Clutter toolkit with the GTK+ UVC Viewer and the LXDM log-in screen with LightDM.[38]

System requirements

The minimum system requirements for Lubuntu 10.10 are described by Mario Behling as "comparable to Pentium II or Celeron systems with a 128 Mb RAM configuration, which may yield a slow yet usable system with lubuntu."[27]

Release history

Release no longer supported Release still supported Future release
Version Code Name Release date Supported Until Remarks
8.10 Intrepid Ibex 30 October 2008 April 2010 Available as an optional desktop package only[10]
9.04 Jaunty Jackalope 23 April 2009 October 2010 Available as an optional desktop package only[10]
9.10 Karmic Koala 26 October 2009 April 2011 Available as an optional desktop package only[17]
10.04 Lucid Lynx 2 May 2010[19] October 2011 First stand-alone version[18]
10.10 Maverick Meerkat 10 October 2010 April 2012 Current version, considered to be a "stable beta"[1]
11.04 Natty Narwhal 28 April 2011[35] October 2012 Future version

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Behling, Mario (2010). "Lubuntu 10.10 released". Retrieved 13 October 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ^ a b Smart, Chris (2009). "Another day, another Ubuntu derivative". Retrieved 2009-05-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ^ a b c LXDE (2009). "Lubuntu? LXDE Meet up with Mark Shuttleworth in Berlin". Retrieved 2009-05-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ^ a b Canonical Ltd. (2009). "Lubuntu". Retrieved 2009-05-24. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ^ Lubuntu Project (undated). "About Lubuntu". Retrieved 14 December 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  6. ^ Distrowatch (2010). "Lubuntu". Retrieved 30 December 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ^ a b Linux Magazine (2009). "Lubuntu". Retrieved 2009-10-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ^ LXDE Team (undated). "LXDE". Retrieved 2008-10-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  9. ^ "About the Name". Official Ubuntu Documentation. Canonical Ltd. Retrieved 2010-11-08.
  10. ^ a b c LXDE Wiki (2008). "Ubuntu". Retrieved 2008-12-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ^ TuxJournal.net (2009). "Interview with Mario Behling of LXDE page 1". Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  12. ^ TuxJournal.net (2009). "Interview with Mario Behling of LXDE page 4". Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  13. ^ Barbu, Doru (2009). "First Lubuntu Test ISOs Available". Softpedia. Retrieved 14 November 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ^ Behling, Mario (2009). "Lubuntu". Retrieved 2009-05-24. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  15. ^ Behling, Mario (2009). "First Lubuntu test ISO available". Retrieved 2009-09-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  16. ^ Distrowatch (2009). "DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 319, 7 September 2009". Retrieved 2009-09-08. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  17. ^ a b Lavergne, Julien (2009). "Lubuntu 9.10 and plan for Lucid". Retrieved 2 May 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  18. ^ a b Lavergne, Julien (2009). "Lubuntu Lucid Alpha 1 "Preview"". Retrieved 2010-01-08. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  19. ^ a b Behling, Mario (2010). "Lubuntu 10.04 is now available for download". Retrieved 15 October 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  20. ^ Behling, Mario (2010). "lubuntu Lucid Beta 1 released". Lubuntu Official Blog. Retrieved 31 December 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  21. ^ Distrowatch (2010). "Booting Ubuntu in 15 seconds, Lubuntu update, Slackware articles round-up, insecurity of OpenBSD, Qimo 4 Kids 2.0". Retrieved 2010-01-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  22. ^ Lavergne, Julien (2010). "Lubuntu-desktop - Lubuntu Lucid Alpha 2 "Preview 2"". Retrieved 2010-01-15. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  23. ^ a b c Sneddon, Joey (2010). "Lubuntu 10.04 Alpha 1 – Visual Overview". OMG Ubuntu. Retrieved 14 November 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  24. ^ Sneddon, Joey (2010). "Lubuntu 10.10 Released". OMG Ubuntu. Retrieved 05 December 2010. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  25. ^ a b Oh, Damien (2010). "Lubuntu Review: A Lightweight Ubuntu Variant". Make Tech Easier. Retrieved 05 December 2010. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  26. ^ Catling, Robin (2010). "Review - Lubuntu" (PDF). Full Circle magazine. Retrieved 30 December 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  27. ^ a b Behling, Mario (2010). "lubuntu 10.10 released". Retrieved 14 December 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  28. ^ OMG Ubuntu (2010). "Lubuntu fails to gain official Ubuntu spin status this cycle". Retrieved 4 September 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  29. ^ Andrew (2010). "New Artwork For Lubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meerkat [Screenshots]". Web Upd8. Retrieved 14 October 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  30. ^ Tux Journal (2010). "Lubuntu 10.10 non farà parte della famiglia Canonical (Italian language)". Tux Journal. Retrieved 16 October 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  31. ^ Lavergne, Julien (2010). "Lubuntu 10.10 is out". Retrieved 1 January 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  32. ^ Lavergne, Julien (2010). "[Lubuntu-desktop] Lubuntu 10.10 released". Retrieved 1 January 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  33. ^ Lynch, Jim (2010). "Quick Look: Lubuntu 10.10". Eye On Linux. Retrieved 10 December 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  34. ^ DistroWatch (2010). "Linux Distributions - Facts and Figures". Retrieved 14 December 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  35. ^ a b Sneddon, Joey (2010). "Lubuntu 11.04 gets a release schedule". OMG Ubuntu. Retrieved 05 December 2010. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  36. ^ Lavergne, Julien (2010). "Index of /~gilir". people.ubuntu. Retrieved 14 January 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  37. ^ Lavergne, Julian (2010). "Lubuntu Applications". Retrieved 03 December 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  38. ^ Sneddon, Joey (2010). "Lubuntu 11.04 Default apps: Cheese off the menu, LightDM as login & aqualung the immovable". OMG Ubuntu. Retrieved 05 December 2010. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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