2019 Canadian federal election

2019 Canadian federal election

October 21, 2019
All 338 seats in the House of Commons 170 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Leader Justin Trudeau Andrew Scheer Jagmeet Singh Party Liberal Conservative New Democratic Leader since April 14, 2013 May 27, 2017 October 1, 2017 Leader's seat Papineau Regina—Qu'Appelle Burnaby South Last election 184 seats, 39.47% 99 seats, 31.89% 44 seats, 19.71% Current seats 177 95 39 Seats needed 75 131   Leader Yves-François Blanchet Elizabeth May Maxime Bernier Party Bloc Québécois Green People's Leader since January 17, 2019 August 27, 2006 September 14, 2018 Leader's seat Running in Beloeil—Chambly Saanich—Gulf Islands Beauce Last election 10 seats, 4.66% 1 seat, 3.45% Pre-creation Current seats 10 2 1 Seats needed 160 168 169
Map showing boundaries of the 338 federal ridings to be contested
Incumbent Prime Minister Justin Trudeau Liberal

The 2019 Canadian federal election (formally the 43rd Canadian general election) is scheduled to take place on October 21, 2019, to elect members of the House of Commons to the 43rd Canadian Parliament. Governor General Julie Payette dissolved the 42nd Parliament on September 11, 2019, on the advice of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.

The 40-day campaign will see the incumbent Liberals attempt to retain the majority they won in the 2015 election. Two of the three major parties will contest this election under new leaders: the Conservative Party, led by Andrew Scheer, and the New Democratic Party under Jagmeet Singh.

Background

The 2015 federal election resulted in a Liberal majority government headed by Justin Trudeau. The Conservatives became the Official Opposition (with Stephen Harper announcing his resignation as party leader) and the New Democrats (NDP) became the third party. While members of the Bloc Québécois and the Greens were elected to the House, both failed to achieve the required number of MPs for official party status (12). Bloc leader Gilles Duceppe announced his resignation shortly after the election, and was succeeded by Parti Québécois MNA Martine Ouellet. After losing a leadership review, Ouellet announced she would step down as Bloc leader on June 11, 2018, and was succeeded by Yves-François Blanchet on January 17, 2019.

Due to Tom Mulcair gaining only 48% of the vote at the NDP's April 2016 leadership review, the party held a leadership election on October 1, 2017, electing Ontario MPP and the former Deputy Leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party Jagmeet Singh as his successor.

Bill C-44 was passed in 2017 and assigned responsibility to the Parliamentary Budget Office to review party platforms for future elections, with the 2019 election the first subjected to this review. The Parliamentary Budget Office has a $500,000 budget for costing party platforms for this election, but will only review a party platform at the request of the party that authored it. It will also conduct confidential assessments of independent and party platform proposals preceding the election campaign. The service will also be available to members of parliament representing a party that does not have official party status in the House of Commons, such as Elizabeth May.

Electoral reform

Main article: Canadian House of Commons Special Committee on Electoral Reform

In June 2015, Trudeau pledged to reform the electoral system if elected, saying, "We are committed to ensuring that 2015 is the last election held under first-past-the-post." As the Liberals, New Democrats, Bloc, and Greens were all in favour of reform, it was seen as possible that a different voting system could be in place by the next federal election.

A Special Committee on Electoral Reform was formed with representatives from all five parties in the House. The committee's report, Strengthening Democracy in Canada: Principles, Process and Public Engagement for Electoral Reform, was presented in December 2016 and recommended a proportional electoral system be introduced following a national referendum. The majority of the all-party committee recommended "that the government should, as it develops a new electoral system ... [seek to] minimize the level of distortion between the popular will of the electorate and the resultant seat allocations in Parliament."

Despite the mandate of the committee being to "identify and conduct a study of viable alternate voting systems" rather than to recommend a specific alternative system, the Minister of Democratic Institutions Maryam Monsef was critical of the committee's recommendation saying "I have to admit I'm a little disappointed, because what we had hoped the committee would provide us with would be a specific alternative system to first past the post." Interim Conservative Leader Rona Ambrose said Monsef's comments were "a disgrace" and Green Party Leader Elizabeth May said "[t]he minister chose to insult the committee and chose to mislead Canadians."

In February 2017, Trudeau dropped support for electoral reform, issuing a mandate to newly appointed Minister of Democratic Institutions Karina Gould, saying that, "A clear preference for a new electoral system, let alone a consensus, has not emerged. ... Changing the electoral system will not be in your mandate." In response to questions from the public in Iqaluit, Trudeau said "It is because I felt it was not in the best interests of our country and of our future," citing concerns that alternative electoral systems would give too much parliamentary power to fringe groups.

Endorsements

On September 4, 2019, Quebec Premier François Legault announced that he will not endorse anyone and forbade Coalition Avenir Québec MNAs and employees from participating in the federal campaign.

On September 11, 2019, Alberta Premier Jason Kenney announced that he will campaign for the Conservatives and encouraged UCP MLAs "to help oust Justin Trudeau's Liberals".

On September 13, 2019, Saskatchewan Premier Scott Moe said he will not endorse anyone in the federal election. He says he will speak about policies, not parties.

On September 18, 2019, Manitoba Premier Brian Pallister endorsed Andrew Scheer.

On September 18, 2019, PEI Premier Dennis King will not be actively engaging in the federal election and hopes to work well with whoever becomes prime minister post-Oct. 21.

Results

-	-	-	-	-	-
Liberal	Conservative	New Democratic	Bloc Québécois	Green	People's

Election campaign

Liberal

Significant background to the Liberal campaign is the SNC-Lavalin affair, which entailed attempted political interference with the justice system by the Prime Minister of Canada, Justin Trudeau, and the Prime Minister's Office (PMO). The Parliament of Canada's Ethics Commissioner Mario Dion found that Trudeau improperly influenced then Minister of Justice and Attorney General Jody Wilson-Raybould to intervene in an ongoing criminal case against Quebec-based construction company SNC-Lavalin. The Trudeau government has maintained that there was no undue pressure or law broken, that offering SNC-Lavalin a deferred prosecution agreement (DPA) could save jobs, and that the controversy resulted from a misunderstanding and an "erosion of trust". The affair became public in February 2019, shortly after Wilson-Raybould had been shuffled to another cabinet position. Wilson-Raybould resigned from cabinet later that day. This was then followed by the resignation of fellow cabinet minister Jane Philpott, over the government's handling of the affair. In April, Wilson-Raybould and Philpott were expelled by Trudeau from the Liberal caucus. On April 2, 2019, Wilson-Raybould, as Liberal candidate for Vancouver Granville, and Philpott, as Liberal candidate for Markham—Stouffville, were deselected as candidates.

In late August 2019, Party deputy leader Ralph Goodale, Liberal candidate for Regina—Wascana, Lawrence MacAulay, candidate for Cardigan, and Francis Scarpaleggia, candidate for Lac-Saint-Louis, were singled out for their opposition to same-sex marriage. Pundits argued that Goodale was being hypocritical, due to his role with Scheer and the same-sex marriage incident. Goodale later stated that he evolved on the position and wanted answers from Scheer.

On August 30, 2019, Hassan Guillet, Liberal candidate for Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel, was dropped as a candidate following allegations of anti-Semitic comments from B'nai B'rith. Guillet's nomination previously raised concern that his ethnicity would be out of place in the majority Italian riding. Guillet denied the allegation, alleged that the Liberals were aware of the post, and that they "imposed" his replacement Patricia Lattanzio, on the riding. On September 20, 2019, Guillet announced he would run as an Independent.

Sameer Zuberi, Liberal candidate for Pierrefonds—Dollard, was nominated on September 15, 2019 despite questioning Osama bin Laden's involvement in 9/11 in a social media post. Zuberi called the accusations false saying it was an attempt by the Conservative to deflect attention of their candidates.

On September 18, 2019, it was reported by L'Express of Drummondville that the Liberal candidate for Drummond, William Morales' nomination victory was attended by two convicted criminals. Morales, who was previously rejected by the Conservative Party for unspecified reasons, denied that he knew the couple. He later told his local newspaper that he interacts with members regardless of their background. His campaign manager was removed from the position after telling the Globe and Mail that he found the reaction to images of Justin Trudeau's blackface to be amusing.

On September 18, 2019, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau attracted controversy for a photograph published in Time magazine, in which he wore brownface makeup to a party at West Point Grey Academy, where he was a teacher, in 2001. Trudeau called it a mistake and apologized publicly for it. When apologizing, Trudeau also confessed to having worn similar makeup in high-school. Following his apology, an earlier instance from the early 1990s of Trudeau wearing blackface makeup was uncovered. The following day, Trudeau apologized again and said he's "not that person anymore". He also said that we shouldn't call it "makeup" but blackface, which is something bad and racist. Some commentators labelled this hypocrtical, since the Liberals have recently exposed the past misdeeds of some Conservative candidates. However, after the scandal, Trudeau was largely defended by members of minorities. Additionally, minority community groups, racialized commentators and some of Trudeau's opponents came to his defense. Trudeau also announced that he wanted to apologize personally to Jagmeet Singh; who replied that he will only meet Trudeau for an apology if it's "politics-free" and private. Following the announcement, Singh received a call from Trudeau on September 24, 2019 and they talked privately for 15 to 20 minutes. In the days following the scandal, pollsters pointed out that the majority of Canadians either were not bothered by the scandal or had accepted Trudeau's apology.

On September 23, 2019, Del Arnold, Liberal candidate for Calgary Shepard, apologized to Conservative rival Tom Kmiec after spreading misleading information about his place of residence. Arnold has not apologized for a deleted tweet that accused Andrew Scheer of having links to "white supremacy" and the 2017 Unite the Right rally in Virginia.

Conservative

Ontario Premier Doug Ford has had an effect on the Conservative Party's campaign. Around one year after he assumed office, polling has shown that he is deeply unpopular — in some cases even less popular than the previous Premier when she lost power. Because of this, Ontario voters are deterred from voting for the Federal Conservatives.. This has worried CPC insiders and prompted the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario to call an extended recess of the provincial legislature to reduce negative news coverage, in order to help the federal Tories. But, if they lose the election, Scheer will blame it on Ford during his leadership review. Therefore, leading up to the campaign, Andrew Scheer has distanced himself from Ford and later campaigned without him. Meanwhile, the Liberals and Scheer's opponents have tried to capitalize on Ford's unpopularity by linking Scheer to the Premier multiple times.

Several CPC candidates were dropped leading to and during the course of the campaign. On April 25, 2019, Harzadan Khattra, the candidate for Dufferin—Caledon, was disqualified after a fellow contestant sent the party verifiable information about "membership buying, improper voting, and other concerns". On June 28, 2019, Salim Mansur, the candidate for London North Centre, was disqualified over alleged fears that the Liberals would characterize Mansur's record as Islamophobic. On July 10, 2019, Mark King, the candidate for Nipissing-Timiskaming, was stripped of his nomination for disputed reasons. Finally, on September 12, 2019, Cameron Ogilvie, Conservative candidate for Winnipeg North, resigned as a candidate after the party became aware of withheld social media post which the Conservative Party described as "discriminatory".

Other candidates attracted attention due to their past actions and comments. On July 10, 2019, Cyma Musarat, Conservative candidate for Pickering-Uxbridge, faced an allegation from fellow party members that she won her nomination by using improper voting procedures. The Conservative Party faced an accusation that its headquarters had been delaying the nomination contest to find a different candidate. From July 24 to September 15, 2019, Ghada Melek attracted attention. This conservative candidate for Mississauga—Streetsville, was revealed by former organizers of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, after it was revealed that rejected as a candidate in the provincial riding over social-media posts about Muslim extremism. National Council of Canadian Muslims had issues over Melek's social media posts about Islam and LGBT+ community. Scheer accepted an apology she issued for her comments. Later, CTV News obtained her provincial vetting report and her promotion of conspiracy theories was seen as another factor behind her disqualification. When asked about the provincial party red-flagging Malek, Scheer defended her again.

On August 22, 2019, Scheer faced questions over an 2005 online video in which he spoke against same-sex marriage Scheer himself did not respond until a press conference a week later where he argued that Trudeau was raising a wedge issue; Several pundits had an issue with his response. Weeks later, Scheer was asked if he needed to apologize for his comments giving the standards he set for his candidates; however he gave no response. After Trudeau's apology regarding blackface, Scheer was asked again if he should apologize for his words; he gave no response. Scheer once again chose to not answer the question directly on popular Quebec talk show Tout le monde en parle. He said that he supports the law and the rights of Canadians, but that he will not walk in Pride parades.

On September 12, 2019, Rachel Wilson, Conservative candidate for York Centre, attracted attention after a video was posted online that called for pro-life legislation. Wilson did not comment when asked about abortion legislation. On September 13, 2019, Arpan Khanna, Conservative candidate for Brampton North, apologized after it was revealed that offhandedly used a homophobic slur to tease a friend. On September 14, 2019, Justina McCaffrey, Conservative candidate for Kanata—Carleton, attracted attention for making negative remarks in a video about Justin Trudeau and francophones, and her relationship with Faith Goldy. She departed a campaign event when confronted by reporters, but later released a statement apologizing for her comments and later stated that her relationship with Goldy ended a longtime ago. However, there were pictures of the two together in 2017. Conservative campaign manager Hamish Marshall's past role as a director of Rebel Media was also questioned, since Goldy was an on-screen personality before being fired.

Other issues were regarding some statements that were made. Between August 26 and 30, 2019, the Conservatives were questioned on abortion. It started when Alain Rayes, Scheer's Quebec lieutenant, attracted attention after he told a Quebec radio station that he misspoke on the party stance on abortion. A few days later, Scheer held a press conference, where he addressed the issue. However, his answers were seen as confusing in the media, and anti-abortion activists found his answers to be mixed-messaging. A day later, Scheer declared that he and his cabinet would vote against anti-abortion bills if the debate is re-opened. Scheer reiterated this statement on Tout le monde en parle. A day after his rivals pushed him to clarify his position during the TVA debate, Scheer mentioned that he was pro-life but reiterated what he said in the past concerning anti-abortion bills.

New Democratic

Several NDP candidates were dropped or stepped down during the course of the campaign. On June 20, 2019, Rana Zaman, candidate for Dartmouth—Cole Harbour, was dropped over comments about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict that the party deemed "unacceptable". On August 16, 2019, Pierre Nantel, candidate for Longueuil—Saint-Hubert, was de-selected after reports surfaced of ongoing discussions regarding Nantel joining the Green Party of Canada. On September 11, 2019, Dock Currie, candidate for Kamloops-Thompson-Cariboo, was forced to resign over "flippant and aggressive" comments he made toward pro-pipeline activists. The next day, Olivier Mathieu, candidate for Lasalle-Emard-Verdun, stepped down following allegations of physical abuse against his ex-spouse.

During the election, Jagmeet Singh has faced questions about wearing of a turban and whether that would reduce the number of people who would vote for him. Jonathan Richardson, the former federal NDP's executive member for Atlantic Canada, who defected to the Green Party, stated in an interview with CBC Radio, that some potential NDP candidates were hesitant to run in New Brunswick, due to Singh's turban. CTV News covered a Singh event in Verner, Ontario and spoke to a number of voters there, including NDP supporters, who said that they would not vote for a leader wearing a turban. CBC News found a similar reaction in Ruth Ellen Brosseau's riding. Singh responded to these concerns. He explained some things about his turban and recorded a French ad without it to alleviate people's worries. Furthermore, according to Alexandre Boulerice, the party's Deputy Leader and Quebec lieutenant, the NDP is targeting young voters and they don't care about the turban.

Bloc Québécois

On August 9, 2019, Andre Parizeau, Bloc candidate for Ahuntsic-Cartierville, created attention over his past communist affiliations as the leader of Parti communiste du Québec (PCQ). Parizeau disavowed the PCQ in order to be accepted as candidate.

Green

Several GPC candidates were dropped or stepped down during the course of the campaign. On July 23, 2019, Brock Grills, Green candidate for Peterborough—Kawartha, stepped down for "personal reasons". Grills was accused of fraud by an former employer but he and the EDA president stated that accusation was not the reason behind his stepping down. Grills, who repeated his reasoning, also mentioned the Green party central office "pushed" for his resignation because he was reaching out to other parties to ask them to adopt policies to curb climate change.On August 16, 2019, Luc Saint-Hilaire, Green candidate for Lévis—Lotbinière, was forced to resign because of a Facebook post demanding Boufeldja Benabdallah, co-founder of the Centre Culturel Islamique de Québec, to denounce a man who allegedly lit his ex-wife on fire. On September 12, 2019, Erik Schomann, Green candidate for Simcoe North, resigned over a 2007 Facebook post which appeared to suggest he wanted to mail pieces of a pig carcass to Muslims in support of the protesters during the Muhammed comic controversy.

On September 9, 2019, the Green Party issued a statement insisting that there is "zero chance" of reopening the abortion debate; few hours after May stated the Green Party will not ban members from trying to reopen abortion debate in an interview. May later added that MPs risk being ousted if they move to reopen the debate. From September 10 to 16, 2019, attention was focused on Pierre Nantel, the candidate for Longueuil—Saint-Hubert. He created this attention over his comments about Québec separatism on a Quebec radio station. May disputed that Nantel was a Quebec sovereigntist, but Nantel contradicted her afterwards. However, May stated he could be still be a candidate. Some journalists and columnists were confused by her reasoning for keeping him as a candidate. Furthermore, May was asked by the son of the late Jack Layton to not use the latter for political points when defending Nantel. On September 10, 2019, Mark Vercouteren, the candidate for Chatham-Kent-Leamington, and Macarena Diab, the candidate for Louis-Hébert were revealed to have made "anti-abortion statements". A spokesperson defended both of them but a few days later, it was revealed by May that Vercoutern was being "re-vetted" over the party not noticing Vercouteren's questionnaires. A week after the original comments were revealed, Vercouteren stated his view aligned with the party. On September 12, 2019, Dale Dewar, Green candidate for Regina—Qu'Appelle, apologized for making past negative comments on social media about Israel, Zionism and Israelis.

Starting on September 23, 2019, the GPC drew scrutiny around the world for manipulating a picture of Elizabeth May to make it seem as if she was using a reusable cup and metal straw instead of a disposable cup.

People's

Leading up to and during the campaign, the PPC attracted attention for its associations. Maxime Bernier generated a reaction after a photograph of him with members of an anti-immigration group surfaced online. Bernier told the media that everyone is welcome at his events, that he is unaware of their views, that he would condemn them if the media could show that they were racists and that racists were not welcome in his party, but experts were skeptical of Bernier and thought that he was well aware of who was attending. A few weeks later, he was also reprimanded for being photographed with Paul Fromm. A spokesperson stated that Bernier had no idea who Fromm was, but once again experts were skeptical of the explanation. On September 23, 2019, news sites revealed that one of the PPC's founding members was a White nationalist and two others had ties to Anti-immigration groups. One of those founding members – an former American Neo-Nazi leader – was volunteering for the party. He was also a member of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party. He was removed from the party on August 29, 2019 after his past came to light. The PPC's spokesperson said that it didn't come up during the vetting process since he came from the US. They later cited to Global News that his removal was an example of the Party taking a stand against racism. The party told Le Devoir that they did not have enough resources to vet them at the beginning of the PPC 's formation and the two other members denied having racist views.

Some PPC candidates attracted attention for their comments on certain issues. On July 30, 2019, Cody Payant, People's candidate for Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek, attracted attention for a social media post defending Lindsay Shepherd. Payant argue that it was taken out of context. Bernier defended Payant after he spoke to Payant and was satisfied with his explanation. On September 2, 2019, Maxime Bernier called Greta Thunberg "mentally unstable" on Twitter. A few days later, he backtracked his comments stating his intention was to criticize her role as "a spokesperson for climate alarmism" and did not mean to denigrate her. On September 18, 2019, Steven Fletcher, People's candidate for Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley, denied allegations for illegally using campaign signs and voter data from the Conservative Party. Fletcher also suggested that the move was political motivated from the Conservative and took issues to the fact that the letter was leaked online. On September 19, 2019, Nancy Mercier, People's candidate for Beauséjour, raised concern from local organizations over comments about Islamism and immigration Mercier indicated her concerns are with Islamic terrorism and not members of any race.

Other candidates were dropped or stepped down. On September 6, 2019, Ken Pereira, People's candidate for Portneuf-Jacques-Cartier, stepped down because of a "terrible family tragedy". When announced as the candidate, Pereira had attracted attention for his online "anti-vaccine" and "pro-conspiracy theory" posts but was defended by the party. On September 12, 2019, Brian Misera, People's candidate for Coquitlam-Port Coquitlam, claimed that he was removed for asking Bernier to denounce racism more clearly in a online video posted on Misera's Twitter account. However, the PPC stated that Misera was removed after he allegedly admitted to the party that he was his own financial agent, a violation of Elections Canada rules. Yet a statement of Misera's disqualification obtained by City News made no reference to the PPC's claim or Misera's claim. On September 30, 2019, Chad Hudson, People's Party candidate for the Nova Scotia riding of West Nova, tweeted that he would no longer be running for the party, less than two hours before Elections Canada's deadline for candidates to officially register to be on the ballot. He criticized the party and its leadership for being "divisive", as well as "bad for democracy" and contributors to the "toxic state of politics". Hudson, later admitted that he did not notify the party of his decision.

Third party organizations

On August 19, 2019, some environmental groups were warned by Elections Canada that any third party that promotes information about climate change during the election period could be deemed to be engaging in partisan activity. Registered charities with a charitable tax status would be required to register as a third party for the election if they engaged in any partisan activity incurring $500, which would include advertising and surveys, or otherwise risk their charitable tax status. These regulations are due to People's Party of Canada leader Maxime Bernier expressing doubts about the legitimacy of climate change, because a third party that advertises the dangers of climate change during the election period may be considered to be indirectly advocating against the People's Party. After confusion about the warning, Elections Canada released a public statement to clarify that the prohibition applied only to advertising, not speech in general the following day.

On August 25, 2019, billboards purchased by a True North Strong & Free Advertising Corp., a third party promoting the People's Party of Canada's immigration policy, with the text "Say NO to Mass Immigration" appeared in Vancouver, Calgary, Regina, and Halifax. True North Strong & Free Advertising Corp is run by Frank Smeenk, the chief executive of a Toronto-based mining exploration company. The Peoples Party of Canada told the media that it had no contact with the group. Initially, Pattison Outdoor Advertising defended the billboards, arguing that they complied with the Advertising Standards Canada Code but later decided to pull them and said that they would review their protocols on advocacy advertising. The Pattison president later revealed that the billboards would have stayed up had True North Strong & Free identified themselves on the billboards and how the public could get in touch with them.

Fact-checking

During the Maclean's debate, Scheer said that refugees were "jumping the queue". Journalists called this a false statement and one expert explained that "there is no queue".

On September 17, 2019, Brock Harrison, Scheer's director of communication, and the CPC tweeted that the RCMP had confirmed Trudeau was under investigation for SNC-Lavalin. Scheer himself also repeated the allegation. Both tweets were removed after journalists deemed it to be false.

A claim was circulating online that Bill Morneau was related to RCMP Commissioner Brenda Lucki through her husband, which is what was stopping the RCMP investigation regarding SNC-Lavalin. The claim is false; Lucki's husband isn't related to Morneau. Furthermore, there has been no confirmation that there is an RMCP investigation.

Leaders' debates

See also: Canadian leaders' debates

The first debate was hosted by Maclean's and Citytv on September 12. Scheer, Singh and May participated. Trudeau declined his invitation. An empty podium was left on stage for him.

Two official debates will be organized and held by the newly created Leaders' Debates Commission. The English language debate is scheduled to take place on October 7 and the French on October 10. Both debates are to take place at the Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau, Quebec.

On August 12, 2019, the Commissioner extended invitations for Justin Trudeau, Andrew Scheer, Jagmeet Singh, Elizabeth May and Yves-François Blanchet to attend. He also sent a letter to Maxime Bernier indicating that he did not qualify for the debates at this time, and asking for additional information from the People's Party so that a final decision could be reached by September 16. Bernier criticized the decision saying that it would not be a "real debate" without him. On September 16, the Commission announced that Bernier would be invited to attend the official debates.

The government established rules in 2018 to determine which party leaders are invited to the official debates. To be invited a party must satisfy two of the following:

1. Have at least one member elected under the party's banner;
2. Nominate candidates to run in at least 90% of all ridings; and
3. Have captured at least 4% of the votes in the previous election or be considered by the commissioner to have a legitimate chance to win seats in the current election, based on public opinion polls.

In November 2018, Minister of Democratic Institutions Karina Gould said that Maxime Bernier would qualify for the debates as leader of the People's Party of Canada if the party nominated candidates in 90% of ridings.

Debates and scheduled debates:

Subject	Invited participants	Date	Organizer	Location	Notes
Economy, foreign policy, indigenous issues and the environment	Liberals; Conservatives; NDP; Greens	September 12, 2019	Maclean's and Citytv	Toronto	The debate was moderated by Paul Wells. Scheer, Singh and May participated. Justin Trudeau did not attend. An empty podium was left on stage for him. The "At Issue" panel on CBC's The National, praised each of the three leaders' performances. The panel believed that Trudeau's re-election odds would not be negatively affected for missing the debate. Following the debate, some of Mr. Scheer's comments were criticized as misleading, while another comment caused controversy relating to the rights of Indigenous people.
Immigration, social policy, economy, environment, governance and the place of Quebec in Canada	Liberals; Conservatives, Bloc and NDP	October 2, 2019	TVA	Montreal	This French language debate took place on October 2, 2019 and was hosted by the Quebec television network, TVA. It was moderated by Pierre Bruneau. Trudeau committed to attending, after the date was moved forward from the originally scheduled date of October 16. Neither Elizabeth May nor Maxime Bernier were invited due to them not having elected an MP under their respective parties' banners in Quebec. Following the debate, political commentators praised the performances of Trudeau, Singh and Blanchet. The winner varied depending on the analyst, but they all agreed that Andrew Scheer did really poorly. Furthermore, some of each leaders' comments were criticized as misleading.
General	Liberals; Conservatives; Bloc; NDP; Greens; People's	October 7, 2019	Leaders' Debates Commission	Canadian Museum of History, Gatineau	This English language debate will be moderated by Rosemary Barton, Susan Delacourt, Dawna Friesen, Lisa LaFlamme and Althia Raj, each responsible for a portion of the debate. It will be produced by the newly formed Canadian Debate Production Partnership, which is made up of the following broadcasters and newspapers: CBC News/Radio-Canada, Global News, CTV News, the Toronto Star, HuffPost Canada/HuffPost Quebec, La Presse, Le Devoir, and L'actualité. All parties invited have confirmed their leader will attend. Bernier was not invited at first, but an invitation was later extended on September 16.
General	Liberals; Conservatives; Bloc; NDP; Greens; People's	October 10, 2019	Leaders' Debates Commission	Canadian Museum of History, Gatineau	This French language debate will be moderated by Patrice Roy, who will be assisted by several journalists from prominent Quebec newspapers. It will be produced by the newly formed Canadian Debate Production Partnership, which is made up of the following broadcasters and newspapers: CBC News/Radio-Canada, Global News, CTV News, the Toronto Star, HuffPost Canada/HuffPost Quebec, La Presse, Le Devoir, and L'actualité. All parties invited have confirmed their leader will attend. Bernier was not invited at first, but an invitation was later extended on September 16.

Cancelled debates:

Subject	Invited participants	Date	Organizer	Location	Notes
Foreign Policy	Liberals; Conservatives; NDP; Greens	October 1, 2019	Munk Debates	Roy Thomson Hall, Toronto	Munk Debates called for a bilingual leaders debate on foreign policy. Andrew Scheer, Jagmeet Singh and Elizabeth May agreed to attend, but Trudeau announced he would not attend. Maxime Bernier was not invited. Due to Trudeau not attending, the debate was cancelled.

Other proposed debates:

Subject	Invited participants	Date	Organizer	Location	Notes
Climate Change	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	On July 17, protesters gathered in cities across Canada calling for a leaders' debate to be held on the topic of climate change. The protests were directed at CBC News after organizers were told that broadcasters not the commission would determine the questions and topics of the debates. In response to the protests, the CBC released a statement saying that the commission and the editorial group at the broadcaster ultimately selected to host the debates would be responsible for making such determinations. On August 8, 2019, organizers delivered a petition with 48,000 signatures to the CBC.

Parties and standings

The table below lists parties represented in the House of Commons after the 2015 federal election, and the standings at dissolution.

Name		Ideology	Leader	2015 result		At dissolution
				Votes (%)	Seats
	Liberal	Liberalism Social liberalism	Justin Trudeau	39.47%	184 / 338	177 / 338
	Conservative	Conservatism Economic liberalism Fiscal conservatism	Andrew Scheer	31.89%	99 / 338	95 / 338
	New Democratic	Social democracy Democratic socialism	Jagmeet Singh	19.71%	44 / 338	39 / 338
	Bloc Québécois	Quebec sovereigntism Social democracy	Yves-François Blanchet	4.66%	10 / 338	10 / 338
	Green	Green politics Green liberalism	Elizabeth May	3.45%	1 / 338	2 / 338
	People's	Conservatism Libertarianism Classical liberalism Populism	Maxime Bernier	N/A		1 / 338
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Social democracy	N/A	N/A		1 / 338
	Independents	N/A	N/A	0.28%	0 / 338	8 / 338
	Vacant seats	N/A		N/A		5 / 338

Campaign slogans

Party	English	French	Translation of French (unofficial)
Conservative Party	"It's time for you to get ahead."	"Plus. Pour vous. Dès maintenant."	"More. For you. Starting now."
New Democratic Party	"In it for you."	"On se bat pour vous"	"We fight for you"
Liberal Party	"Choose Forward"	"Choisir d'avancer"	"Choose to move forward"
Bloc Québécois	N/A	"Le Québec, c'est nous"	"Quebec, it's us"
Green Party	"Not Left. Not Right. Forward Together."	"L'urgence d'agir."	"The urgency to act."
People's Party	"Strong & Free"	"Fort et libre"	"Strong and free"

Incumbents not running for reelection

The following MPs have announced that they will not be running in the next federal election:

Liberal Party

• Frank Baylis (Pierrefonds—Dollard)
• Bill Casey (Cumberland—Colchester)
• Rodger Cuzner (Cape Breton—Canso)
• Mark Eyking (Sydney—Victoria)
• Colin Fraser (West Nova)
• Pam Goldsmith-Jones (West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country)
• T. J. Harvey (Tobique—Mactaquac)
• Andrew Leslie (Orléans)
• Eva Nassif (Vimy)
• John Oliver (Oakville)
• Denis Paradis (Brome—Missisquoi)
• Kyle Peterson (Newmarket—Aurora)
• Don Rusnak (Thunder Bay—Rainy River)
• Geng Tan (Don Valley North)
• Borys Wrzesnewskyj (Etobicoke Centre)

Conservative Party

• David Anderson (Cypress Hills—Grasslands)
• Jim Eglinski (Yellowhead)
• Kellie Leitch (Simcoe—Grey)
• Guy Lauzon (Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry)
• Larry Miller (Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound)
• Rob Nicholson (Niagara Falls)
• Alex Nuttall (Barrie—Springwater—Oro-Medonte)
• Bev Shipley (Lambton—Kent—Middlesex)
• Robert Sopuck (Dauphin—Swan River—Neepawa)
• Kevin Sorenson (Battle River—Crowfoot)
• David Tilson (Dufferin—Caledon)
• Dave Van Kesteren (Chatham-Kent—Leamington)
• Mark Warawa (Langley—Aldergrove) (Warawa has since died)

New Democratic Party

• Marjolaine Boutin-Sweet (Hochelaga)
• David Christopherson (Hamilton Centre)
• Nathan Cullen (Skeena—Bulkley Valley)
• Fin Donnelly (Port Moody—Coquitlam)
• Linda Duncan (Edmonton Strathcona)
• Hélène Laverdière (Laurier—Sainte-Marie)
• Irene Mathyssen (London—Fanshawe)
• Anne Minh-Thu Quach (Salaberry—Suroît)
• Christine Moore (Abitibi—Témiscamingue)
• Murray Rankin (Victoria)
• Romeo Saganash (Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou)

Co-operative Commonwealth Federation

• Erin Weir (Regina—Lewvan) (elected as NDP)

Independent

• Celina Caesar-Chavannes (Whitby) (elected as Liberal)
• Tony Clement (Parry Sound—Muskoka) (elected as Conservative)
• Hunter Tootoo (Nunavut) (elected as Liberal)

Timeline

See also: 42nd Canadian Parliament

Changes in seats held (2015–2019)

Seat	Before				Change
	Date	Member	Party	Reason	Date	Member	Party
Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner	March 23, 2016	Jim Hillyer	█ Conservative	Death in office	October 24, 2016	Glen Motz	█ Conservative
Nunavut	May 31, 2016	Hunter Tootoo	█ Liberal	Resigned from caucus			█ Independent
Ottawa—Vanier	August 16, 2016	Mauril Bélanger	█ Liberal	Death in office	April 3, 2017	Mona Fortier	█ Liberal
Calgary Heritage	August 26, 2016	Stephen Harper	█ Conservative	Resignation	April 3, 2017	Bob Benzen	█ Conservative
Calgary Midnapore	September 23, 2016	Jason Kenney	█ Conservative	Resignation	April 3, 2017	Stephanie Kusie	█ Conservative
Saint-Laurent	January 31, 2017	Stéphane Dion	█ Liberal	Resignation	April 3, 2017	Emmanuella Lambropoulos	█ Liberal
Markham—Thornhill	January 31, 2017	John McCallum	█ Liberal	Resignation	April 3, 2017	Mary Ng	█ Liberal
Sturgeon River—Parkland	July 4, 2017	Rona Ambrose	█ Conservative	Resignation	October 23, 2017	Dane Lloyd	█ Conservative
Lac-Saint-Jean	August 9, 2017	Denis Lebel	█ Conservative	Resignation	October 23, 2017	Richard Hébert	█ Liberal
Calgary Skyview	August 31, 2017	Darshan Kang	█ Liberal	Resigned from caucus			█ Independent
Scarborough—Agincourt	September 14, 2017	Arnold Chan	█ Liberal	Death in office	December 11, 2017	Jean Yip	█ Liberal
Bonavista—Burin—Trinity	September 30, 2017	Judy Foote	█ Liberal	Resignation	December 11, 2017	Churence Rogers	█ Liberal
South Surrey—White Rock	September 30, 2017	Dianne Watts	█ Conservative	Resignation	December 11, 2017	Gordon Hogg	█ Liberal
Battlefords—Lloydminster	October 2, 2017	Gerry Ritz	█ Conservative	Resignation	December 11, 2017	Rosemarie Falk	█ Conservative
Chicoutimi—Le Fjord	December 1, 2017	Denis Lemieux	█ Liberal	Resignation	June 18, 2018	Richard Martel	█ Conservative
Terrebonne	February 28, 2018	Michel Boudrias	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					June 6, 2018		█ Bloc Québécois
Rivière-du-Nord	February 28, 2018	Rhéal Fortin	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					September 17, 2018		█ Bloc Québécois
Mirabel	February 28, 2018	Simon Marcil	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					June 6, 2018		█ Bloc Québécois
Repentigny	February 28, 2018	Monique Pauzé	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					September 17, 2018		█ Bloc Québécois
Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel	February 28, 2018	Louis Plamondon	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					September 17, 2018		█ Bloc Québécois
Joliette	February 28, 2018	Gabriel Ste-Marie	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					September 17, 2018		█ Bloc Québécois
Montcalm	February 28, 2018	Luc Thériault	█ Bloc Québécois	Resigned from caucus			█ Groupe parl qué
					September 17, 2018		█ Bloc Québécois
Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes	May 2, 2018	Gord Brown	█ Conservative	Death in office	December 3, 2018	Michael Barrett	█ Conservative
Regina—Lewvan	May 3, 2018	Erin Weir	█ New Democratic	Removed from caucus	May 11, 2018		█ CCF
Outremont	August 3, 2018	Tom Mulcair	█ New Democratic	Resignation	February 25, 2019	Rachel Bendayan	█ Liberal
Beauce	August 23, 2018	Maxime Bernier	█ Conservative	Resigned from caucus	September 14, 2018		█ People's
Burnaby South	September 14, 2018	Kennedy Stewart	█ New Democratic	Resignation	February 25, 2019	Jagmeet Singh	█ New Democratic
Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill	September 17, 2018	Leona Alleslev	█ Liberal	Changed affiliation			█ Conservative
York—Simcoe	September 30, 2018	Peter Van Loan	█ Conservative	Resignation	February 25, 2019	Scot Davidson	█ Conservative
Parry Sound—Muskoka	November 7, 2018	Tony Clement	█ Conservative	Resigned from caucus			█ Independent
Brampton East	November 30, 2018	Raj Grewal	█ Liberal	Resigned from caucus			█ Independent
Nanaimo—Ladysmith	January 2, 2019	Sheila Malcolmson	█ New Democratic	Resigned	May 6, 2019	Paul Manly	█ Green
Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel	January 29, 2019	Nicola Di Iorio	█ Liberal	Resignation
Kings—Hants	February 10, 2019	Scott Brison	█ Liberal	Resignation
Whitby	March 20, 2019	Celina Caesar-Chavannes	█ Liberal	Resigned from caucus			█ Independent
Markham—Stouffville	April 2, 2019	Jane Philpott	█ Liberal	Removed from caucus			█ Independent
Vancouver Granville	April 2, 2019	Jody Wilson-Raybould	█ Liberal	Removed from caucus			█ Independent
Langley—Aldergrove	June 20, 2019	Mark Warawa	█ Conservative	Death in office
Calgary Forest Lawn	August 2, 2019	Deepak Obhrai	█ Conservative	Death in office
Longueuil—Saint-Hubert	August 16, 2019	Pierre Nantel	█ New Democratic	Removed from caucus	August 16, 2019		█ Independent

2015

• October 19, 2015: The Liberal Party of Canada wins a majority government in the 42nd Canadian federal election. Outgoing Prime Minister Stephen Harper announces his intention to resign as leader of the Conservative Party of Canada.
• October 22, 2015: Gilles Duceppe resigns as leader of the Bloc Québécois and is replaced on an interim-basis by Rivière-du-Nord MP Rhéal Fortin.
• November 4, 2015: Justin Trudeau is sworn in as Prime Minister of Canada.
• November 5, 2015: Sturgeon River—Parkland MP and former cabinet minister Rona Ambrose is elected interim Conservative leader.
• December 3, 2015: The 42nd Parliament is convened.

2016

• March 23, 2016: Jim Hillyer, Conservative MP for Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner dies of a heart attack.
• April 10, 2016: 52% of delegates at the 2016 NDP convention voted in support of a leadership review motion to hold a leadership election within 24 months. Party leader Tom Mulcair announces he will stay on as leader until his replacement is chosen.
• August 15, 2016: Mauril Belanger, Liberal MP for Ottawa—Vanier dies of ALS.
• August 26, 2016: Former Prime Minister Stephen Harper, Conservative MP for Calgary Heritage resigns his seat in the House of Commons.
• September 9, 2016: Strength in Democracy, a party which had three incumbent MPs among its 17 candidates in the last election is deregistered by Elections Canada for failure to file papers maintaining its party status.
• September 23, 2016: Jason Kenney, Conservative MP for Calgary Midnapore resigns his seat to seek the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta.

2017

• February 1, 2017: John McCallum, Liberal MP for Markham—Thornhill resigns his seat to become Ambassador to China.
• February 6, 2017: Stéphane Dion, Liberal MP for Saint-Laurent resigns his seat to become Ambassador to Germany and Special Envoy of Canada to the European Union and Europe.
• March 18, 2017: Martine Ouellet is acclaimed as leader of the Bloc Québécois.
• May 27, 2017: Andrew Scheer is elected leader of the Conservative Party of Canada.
• July 4, 2017: Rona Ambrose, Conservative MP for Sturgeon River—Parkland resigns her seat in the House of Commons.
• August 31, 2017: Calgary Skyview MP Darshan Kang resigns from the Liberal caucus amid sexual harassment allegations.
• September 14, 2017: Arnold Chan, Liberal MP for Scarborough—Agincourt dies of cancer.
• October 1, 2017: Jagmeet Singh is elected leader of the New Democratic Party.
• December 1, 2017: Denis Lemieux, Liberal MP for Chicoutimi—Le Fjord resigns his seat in the House of Commons.

2018

• February 28, 2018: Citing conflict with party leader Martine Ouellet, seven Bloc Québécois MPs resign from the party caucus, establishing the Groupe parlementaire québécois for parliamentary purposes, while remaining independent of any electoral political party. Only Xavier Barsalou-Duval (Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères), Mario Beaulieu (La Pointe-de-l'Île), and Marilène Gill (Manicouagan) remain in the Bloc Québécois caucus.
• May 5, 2018: Gord Brown, Conservative MP for Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes dies of a heart attack.
• May 9, 2018: Members of the Groupe parlementaire québécois announce they will be forming a new political party, Québec debout.
• June 4, 2018: After losing a leadership review, Martine Ouellet announces she will step down as leader of the Bloc Québécois effective June 11, 2018.
• June 6, 2018: Michel Boudrias and Simon Marcil, Québec debout MPs for Terrebonne and Mirabel, respectively, announce they will return to the Bloc Québécois caucus as a result of Martine Ouellet's resignation as party leader. Citing the Bloc's vote the previous weekend to focus exclusively on Quebec sovereignty, Québec debout spokesman Rhéal Fortin announces that he and the party's other four MPs will not rejoin the Bloc Québécois.
• August 3, 2018: Tom Mulcair, NDP MP for Outremont resigns his seat in the House of Commons.
• August 23, 2018: Beauce MP Maxime Bernier resigns from the Conservative caucus in disagreement with the leadership of Andrew Scheer. Bernier announces his intention to form a new federal party.
• September 14, 2018:
  • Three weeks after leaving the Conservative caucus, Beauce MP Maxime Bernier formally launches the People's Party of Canada, becoming its first MP.
  • Kennedy Stewart, NDP MP for Burnaby South, resigns to run for mayor of Vancouver, triggering a by-election in his riding.
• September 17, 2018:
  • All five Québec debout MPs – Rhéal Fortin (Rivière-du-Nord), Monique Pauzé (Repentigny), Louis Plamondon (Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel), Gabriel Ste-Marie (Joliette), and Luc Thériault (Montcalm) – announce they will rejoin the Bloc Québécois, officially dissolving Quebec debout.
  • Leona Alleslev, Liberal MP for Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill, crosses the floor to join the Conservatives, citing concerns for the Liberal's handling of the economy, foreign and security policies, and international trade.
• September 30, 2018: Peter Van Loan, Conservative MP for York—Simcoe resigns his seat in the House of Commons.
• November 7, 2018: Parry Sound—Muskoka MP Tony Clement resigns from the Conservative caucus, at the request of leader Andrew Scheer, due to a sexting scandal.
• November 30, 2018: Brampton East MP Raj Grewal resigns from the Liberal caucus to enter treatment due to a gambling addiction.

2019

• January 2, 2019: Sheila Malcolmson, NDP MP for Nanaimo—Ladysmith resigns her seat to seek election in the British Columbia provincial riding of Nanaimo.
• January 17, 2019: As no other candidate had entered the race by the January 15 nomination deadline, Yves-François Blanchet is acclaimed leader of the Bloc Québécois.
• January 29, 2019: Nicola Di Iorio, Liberal MP for Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel resigns his seat in the House of Commons.
• February 10, 2019: Scott Brison, Liberal MP for Kings—Hants resigns his seat in the House of Commons.
• February 25, 2019: By-elections are held in Outremont, York—Simcoe and Burnaby South, electing Liberal Rachel Bendayan, Conservative Scot Davidson, and New Democrat Jagmeet Singh, respectively.
• March 20, 2019: Whitby MP Celina Caesar-Chavannes resigns from the Liberal caucus.
• April 2, 2019: Markham—Stouffville MP Jane Philpott and Vancouver Granville MP Jody Wilson-Raybould are removed from the Liberal caucus.
• May 6, 2019: A by-election is held in Nanaimo—Ladysmith, electing Green candidate Paul Manly.
• June 20, 2019: Mark Warawa, Conservative MP for Langley—Aldergrove dies of cancer.
• August 2, 2019: Deepak Obhrai, Conservative MP for Calgary Forest Lawn dies from liver cancer.
• August 16, 2019: Pierre Nantel is removed from the New Democratic Party caucus and de-selected as the NDP candidate for Longueuil—Saint-Hubert after reports surfaced of ongoing discussions regarding Nantel joining the Green Party of Canada. He announces that he is now an independent MP.
• August 19, 2019: Pierre Nantel repeats that he will remain an independent MP until the end of his term in the current Parliament and announces that he will be a candidate for the Green Party of Canada in the election for the next Parliament.
• August 22, 2019: Due to the controversy over Scheer's previous comments about same-sex marriage, Singh announced that the NDP would not support a Conservative minority government under any circumstances.
• September 3, 2019: Elizabeth May announces that she would not be prepared to prop up any minority government of the major parties given current climate plans.
• September 10, 2019: The Rhinoceros Party nominates a candidate named Maxime Bernier in Beauce, the riding of People's Party leader Maxime Bernier.
• September 11, 2019: Parliament is dissolved and writs of election are dropped.
• September 13, 2019: Elizabeth May announces that her party will conduct more thorough "re-vetting" of candidates after media reports of some Green candidates have made past statements opposing legal abortion.
• September 15, 2019: Andrew Scheer says he will stand by candidates despite "controversial" comments in the past as long as the candidate apologizes, and takes responsibility for said comments.
• September 16, 2019: Maxime Bernier is officially invited to the debates organized by the Leaders' Debates Commission after Commissioner David Johnston announces the People's Party meets the criteria set for the debates.
• September 22, 2019: Jagmeet Singh announces that despite Trudeau's past brownface and blackface incidents, he would not rule out working with the Liberals in a minority scenario.
• September 26, 2019: Elizabeth May announces that the GPC would not prop up a minority government that moves forward with the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion.

Possible target seats

The following lists identify and rank seats by the margin by which the party's candidate finished behind the winning candidate in the 2015 election. The groupings are also subdivided by the perceived safety of the winning party's margin: Marginal (<=5%), Fairly Marginal (>5%, <=10%), and Fairly Safe (>10%, <=15%). Because of this methodology, the same seat may appear in multiple lists. For the electoral swing needed to gain the seat, divide the margin by 2.

For information purposes only, seats that have changed hands through subsequent byelections have been noted. Seats whose members have changed party allegiance are ignored.

  = appears in two lists (suggesting a three-way race)

  = appears in three lists (suggesting a four-way race)

Possible target seats by party (with winning parties and margins from the 2015 Canadian federal election)

Liberal				Conservative				New Democratic
Marginal
1		Barrie—Springwater—Oro-Medonte	0.17%	1		Elmwood—Transcona	0.14%	1		Chicoutimi—Le Fjord	1.37%
2		Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River	0.27%	2		Edmonton Mill Woods	0.18%	2		Mirabel	1.41%
3		Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères	0.36%	3		Regina—Lewvan	0.27%	3		St. John's East	1.44%
4		Kitchener—Conestoga	0.53%	4		Kootenay—Columbia	0.45%	4		Kenora	1.62%
5		Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup	0.56%	5		Hastings—Lennox and Addington	0.45%	5		Parkdale—High Park	1.80%
6		Jonquière	0.71%	6		Calgary Centre	1.22%	6		Québec	1.86%
7		Hochelaga	0.96%	7		Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill	2.15%	7		Rivière-du-Nord	1.91%
8		Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot	1.10%	8		Edmonton Centre	2.24%	8		Toronto—Danforth	2.17%
9		Burnaby South	1.19%	9		Mission—Matsqui—Fraser Canyon	2.32%	9		Rivière-des-Mille-Îles	2.89%
10		Longueuil—Saint-Hubert	1.21%	10		Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge	2.49%	10		Davenport	2.90%
11		Salaberry—Suroît	1.25%	11		Newmarket—Aurora	2.57%	11		Saint-Jean	4.09%
12		Trois-Rivières	1.60%	12		Kildonan—St. Paul	2.82%	12		Ottawa Centre	4.12%
13		Beloeil—Chambly	1.73%	13		Whitby	2.86%	13		Niagara Centre	4.19%
14		Central Okanagan—Similkameen—Nicola]	2.35%	14		York Centre	2.89%	14		Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge	4.26%
15		Calgary Confederation	2.38%	15		Northumberland—Peterborough South	2.95%	15		Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères	4.30%
16		Hamilton Mountain	2.40%	16		King—Vaughan	3.18%	16		Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo	4.48%
17		South Surrey—White Rock	2.54%	17		Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam	3.28%	17		Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup	4.79%
18		Richmond Centre	2.85%	18		Oakville North—Burlington	3.41%	18		Lac-Saint-Jean	4.81%
19		Churchill—Keewatinook Aski	3.04%	19		Burlington	3.50%	Fairly Marginal
20		Carleton	3.12%	20		Richmond Hill	3.58%	19		Nickel Belt	5.02%
21		Simcoe North	3.71%	21		Fundy Royal	3.79%	20		Beauport—Limoilou	5.10%
22		Drummond	3.92%	22		Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River	4.01%	21		Laurentides—Labelle	5.75%
23		Flamborough—Glanbrook	4.34%	23		Cambridge	4.52%	22		Edmonton Griesbach	5.94%
24		Parry Sound—Muskoka	4.42%	24		Vaughan—Woodbridge	4.85%	23		Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine	6.21%
25		Chatham-Kent—Leamington	4.48%	Fairly Marginal				24		Hamilton East—Stoney Creek	6.28%
26		Elmwood—Transcona	4.63%	25		New Brunswick Southwest	5.36%	25		Oshawa	6.30%
27		Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo	4.84%	26		Kitchener South—Hespeler	5.59%	26		Burnaby North—Seymour	6.48%
28		Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou	4.88%	27		St. Catharines	5.61%	27		La Pointe-de-l'Île	6.82%
29		Milton	4.94%	28		Essex	5.73%	28		Richmond—Arthabaska	7.32%
Fairly Marginal				29		Niagara Centre	5.97%	29		Terrebonne	7.40%
30		La Pointe-de-l'Île	5.01%	30		Calgary Skyview	6.13%	30		Thérèse-De Blainville	7.57%
31		Terrebonne	5.02%	31		Eglinton—Lawrence	6.25%	31		Joliette	7.61%
32		Joliette	5.08%	32		Kelowna—Lake Country	6.41%	32		Sarnia—Lambton	7.68%
33		Cariboo—Prince George	5.15%	33		Markham—Stouffville	6.44%	33		Montarville	7.86%
34		Port Moody—Coquitlam	5.15%	34		Mississauga—Lakeshore	6.49%	34		Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam	8.03%
35		Beauport—Limoilou	5.16%	35		Port Moody—Coquitlam	6.49%	35		Compton—Stanstead	9.47%
36		Huron—Bruce	5.23%	36		Steveston—Richmond East	6.61%	36		Saskatoon—University	10.00%
37		Perth—Wellington	5.35%	37		Saskatoon West	6.68%	Fairly Safe
38		Mirabel	5.38%	38		Oakville	6.89%	37		Cariboo—Prince George	10.81%
39		Rivière-du-Nord	5.69%	39		Kenora	7.04%	38		Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyne	11.28%
40		Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing	5.81%	40		Québec	7.11%	39		Acadie—Bathurst	11.31%
41		Markham—Unionville	6.04%	41		South Okanagan—West Kootenay	7.44%	40		Saskatoon—Grasswood	11.41%
42		London—Fanshawe	6.34%	42		Mississauga—Streetsville	7.45%	41		Repentigny	11.42%
43		Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d'Orléans—Charlevoix	6.63%	43		Louis-Hébert	7.66%	42		Edmonton Centre	12.74%
44		Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes	6.82%	44		Burnaby South	7.96%	43		Montcalm	13.16%
45		Richmond—Arthabaska	6.90%	45		Burnaby North—Seymour	8.25%	44		Mégantic—L'Érable	13.46%
46		Dufferin—Caledon	7.17%	46		Peterborough—Kawartha	8.75%	45		Sackville—Preston—Chezzetcook	13.56%
47		Mégantic—L'Érable	7.28%	47		Tobique—Mactaquac	9.59%	46		La Prairie	13.58%
48		Repentigny	7.39%	48		Courtenay—Alberni	9.84%	47		North Okanagan—Shuswap	13.70%
49		Haldimand—Norfolk	7.55%	49		Nanaimo—Ladysmith	9.85%	48		Louis-Hébert	14.04%
50		Sherbrooke	7.57%	Fairly Safe				49		Thunder Bay—Rainy River	14.36%
51		Niagara Falls	7.60%	50		Hamilton Mountain	10.19%	50		Regina—Qu'Appelle	14.49%
52		Esquimalt—Saanich—Sooke	7.66%	51		Mississauga—Erin Mills	10.48%	51		LaSalle—Émard—Verdun	14.95%
53		Regina—Lewvan	7.73%	52		London West	10.49%	52		Surrey Centre	14.99%
54		Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound	7.84%	53		London—Fanshawe	10.58%	Green
55		Simcoe—Grey	8.00%	54		Cloverdale—Langley City	10.75%	Fairly Marginal
56		Timmins—James Bay	8.14%	55		Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot	11.92%	1		Victoria	9.36%
57		Chilliwack—Hope	8.55%	56		Kanata—Carleton	12.08%	Fairly Safe
58		Langley—Aldergrove	9.08%	57		Pickering—Uxbridge	12.11%	2		Nanaimo—Ladysmith	13.44%
59		South Okanagan—West Kootenay	9.15%	58		Jonquière	12.30%	Bloc Québécois
60		Montcalm	9.29%	59		Mount Royal	12.46%	Marginal
61		Barrie—Innisfil	9.30%	60		Edmonton Strathcona	12.68%	1		Salaberry—Suroît	2.07%
62		North Okanagan—Shuswap	9.35%	61		Drummond	12.72%	2		Laurentides—Labelle	2.35%
63		Durham	9.38%	62		Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley	12.98%	3		Hochelaga	3.17%
64		Nanaimo—Ladysmith	9.68%	63		Miramichi—Grand Lake	13.00%	4		Beloeil—Chambly	3.39%
Fairly Safe				64		Cowichan—Malahat—Langford	13.13%	5		Longueuil—Saint-Hubert	3.95%
65		Brantford—Brant	10.19%	65		Trois-Rivières	13.20%	6		Montarville	4.12%
66		Outremont	10.65%	66		Don Valley North	13.60%	7		Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot	4.37%
67		Oshawa	10.83%	67		Sault Ste. Marie	13.63%	Fairly Marginal
68		Sarnia—Lambton	11.55%	68		Hamilton East—Stoney Creek	13.73%	8		Thérèse-De Blainville	5.41%
69		Abitibi—Témiscamingue	11.87%	69		Scarborough—Agincourt	13.92%	9		Jonquière	5.90%
70		Manicouagan	11.88%	70		North Island—Powell River	14.04%	10		Rivière-des-Mille-Îles	6.95%
71		Calgary Forest Lawn	12.02%	71		Chicoutimi—Le Fjord	14.49%	11		Drummond	7.64%
72		Cowichan—Malahat—Langford	12.17%	72		Vancouver South	14.93%	12		Saint-Jean	8.35%
73		Hamilton Centre	12.17%	73		Brampton Centre	14.97%	13		Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyne	8.36%
74		York—Simcoe	12.48%					14		Laurier—Sainte-Marie	9.56%
75		Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry	12.51%					Fairly Safe
76		Brandon—Souris	12.96%					15		Québec	10.05%
77		Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock	13.08%					16		La Prairie	10.22%
78		Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke	13.17%					17		Chicoutimi—Le Fjord	10.57%
79		Oxford	13.48%					18		Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup	12.87%
80		Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston	14.11%					19		Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d'Orléans—Charlevoix	14.37%
81		Wellington—Halton Hills	14.42%					20		Richmond—Arthabaska	14.39%
82		Edmonton West	14.44%					21		Châteauguay—Lacolle	14.74%
83		New Westminster—Burnaby	14.49%					22		Trois-Rivières	14.83%
84		Laurier—Sainte-Marie	14.61%					23		Lac-Saint-Jean	14.90%
85		North Island—Powell River	14.74%
86		Lac-Saint-Jean	14.83%

Opinion polls

Main articles: Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election and Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election, by constituency

Evolution of voting intentions according to polls conducted during campaign period of the 2019 Canadian federal election, graphed from the data in the table below. Trendlines are local regressions, with polls weighted by proximity in time and a logarithmic function of sample size. 95% confidence ribbons represent uncertainty about the trendlines, not the likelihood that actual election results would fall within the intervals.

Evolution of voting intentions during the pre-campaign period of the 43rd Canadian federal election. Trendlines are local regressions, with polls weighted by proximity in time and a logarithmic function of sample size. 95% confidence ribbons represent uncertainty about the regressions, not the likelihood that actual election results would fall within the intervals. – Source code for plot generation is available here.

Candidates

Main articles: List of candidates by riding for the 2019 Canadian federal election and Star candidate

Election spending

Before the campaign, there are no limits to what a political party, candidate, or third party (corporations, unions, special interest groups, etc.) can spend: spending rules are only in force after the writs have been dropped and the campaign has begun.

Reimbursements for political parties and candidates

Political parties receive a reimbursement for 50 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Similarly, electoral district associations receive a reimbursement of 60 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Both reimbursements are publicly funded.

Registered third parties

A person or group must register as a third party immediately after incurring election advertising expenses totalling $500 or more. There are strict limits on advertising expenses, and specific limits that can be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district. Registered third parties are subject to an election advertising expenses limit of $150,000. Of that amount, no more than $8,788 can be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district.

See also

• By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament
• 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election
• 2017 New Democratic Party leadership election
• 2017 Bloc Québécois leadership election
• 2019 Bloc Québécois leadership election

External links

• Elections Canada